CIRILLO DI SCITOPOLI

Cyril of Scythopolis. — One of the finest Greek hagiographers, best known for the care he took in documenting and precisely establishing chronology by every means at his disposal. Born in Scythopolis, anciently Bethsan, today Bejsán, in Samaria, around 524. His pious parents often gave hospitality to passing monks. In 530 the most illustrious of these guests, St Sabas, declared the young Cyril his disciple, and from that moment his vocation was determined. In 543 Cyril received the monastic tonsure, went to Jerusalem, where he attended the dedication of the New Church of St Mary, and then visited John the Hesychast at the Great Monastery. Despite the advice given him by this experienced man, the young Cyril did not enter the cenobium of St Euthymius, but, driven by that ardent desire for solitude which animates all Eastern monasticism, he took up the life of an anchorite in the monastery of Calamon (of the reeds) on the banks of the Jordan. But an illness struck him as a punishment for his presumption. He recovered his health by setting out for St Euthymius in July 544. It was the period of the original disputes in Palestine. When the heterodox monks were driven from the New Monastery, Cyril was among the orthodox religious designated to go and repopulate it (21 July 555). Two years later he moved to the monastery of St Sabas. The common opinion that he died as early as 558 rests only on an argumentum e silentio of very slender substance.

BIBL.: Cyril left seven biographies devoted to St Euthymius, St John the Hesychast (this epithet was erroneously transmitted by Silvestri), St Cyricus, St Theodore, St Theophano, St Abramius. E. Schwartz published a critical edition: Xy-riil von Skythopolis (Texte und Untersuchungen, 49, 11), Leipzig 1939. E. Stein wrote a very acute and on the whole laudatory review of this edition in Analecta Bollandiana, 62 (1944), pp. 169–86. The great fault of Schwartz was his refusal to accept the chronology established by Msgr F. Diekamp (Die origenistischen Streitigkeiten im sechsten Jahrhundert, Münster 1890, pp. 11–15). Diekamp proved that the indictions found in Cyril’s narrative from April 531 onwards are one unit behind. This demonstration met with general approval. E. Stein rejects the arguments advanced against it and provides (loc. cit., p. 179 sqq.) a table of the real dates established by Diekamp and the erroneous ones proposed by Schwartz.

For earlier editions of Cyril’s works, see S. Vailhé, s. V. in DTHC, III, 11, col. 2581. Irene Hausherr