Also known as:
French: Henri III, Henri III de France;
Latin: Henricus III
HENRY III, King of France. - Last of the Valois, son of Henry II and of Catherine de' Medici, b. Sept. 20, 1551 at Fontainebleau, d. at Paris on Aug. 1, 1589. Not expected to be heir to the throne as the sixth-born son, petted by his mother in rivalry with his brother Charles (IX), spoiled by an education and by refined and effeminate courtiers, he took no small part, barely twenty-one years old, in the massacre of the night of St. Bartholomew. Brought to the throne of Poland (Apr. 1573-June 1574) by the favor of the Polish nobility and by the money of the ambassador of France, he secretly left that Kingdom upon the news that, through the death of Charles IX, the Kingdom of France fell to him.
Those 15 years of his reign in France are a continuous effort, by all means, blandishments, dissimulations, acts of force and of cowardice, to secure for the monarchy a position preeminent and independent of the factions that were tearing France apart, with a particular distrust toward the Catholic League and its head Henry I, duke of Guise, in whom he scented a claimant to the throne; a suspicion strengthened after June 1584, when, upon the death of the heir Francis of Valois, duke of Alençon, the Catholic League set against the legitimate but Calvinist heir, Henry (IV) of Bourbon-Navarre, the less legitimate but Catholic duke of Guise. To escape the grip of the Leaguers, E. leaves Paris (May 1588) and has Guise treacherously killed, which exasperates the Catholics, especially the Parisians, against the king and against the eventuality of a Calvinist successor. Of this popular exasperation the friar Jacques Clément makes himself the interpreter by stabbing the king. - See pl. XXIX.
Plate XXIXGR. ANNAENTRY OF HENRY III OF FRANCE INTO VENICE. Painting by Andrea Vicentino (16th cent.) - Venice, Palazzo Ducale.Bibliography7 worksDuc de Noailles, Henri de Valois et la Pologne en 1572, 3 vols., Paris 1867; H. Mariéjol, Cathérine de Médicis, 2nd ed., ibid. 1920; G. Dodo
BIBL.: Duc de Noailles, Henri de Valois et la Pologne en 1572, 3 vols., Paris 1867; H. Mariéjol, Cathérine de Médicis, 2nd ed., ibid. 1920; G. Dodo, Henri III, in Revue historique, 165 (1930), pp. 1-42; A. Warschauer, Heinrich von Valois als König von Polen, 1574, in Mitteilungen der historischen Gesellschaft für Polen, 1935, pp. 12-22; P. Champion, La jeunesse de Henri III, 2 vols., Paris 1941-42; id., Henri III roi de Pologne, ibid. 1945; F. Lafue, Henri III et son secret, ibid. 1949.
Sestan, Ernesto. “Enrico III, re di francia.” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, coll. 369–370. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950. https://azioneromana.com/article/enrico-iii-re-di-francia.
MLA
Sestan, Ernesto. “Enrico III, re di francia.” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950, coll. 369–370. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/enrico-iii-re-di-francia.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec5_enrico_iii_re_di_francia,
author = {Sestan, Ernesto},
title = {Enrico III, re di francia},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {V},
pages = {369--370},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1950},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/enrico-iii-re-di-francia}
}
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