FRIEDBERG, EMIL ALBERT. - Canonist, Protestant, one of the most eminent representatives of the historical school. B. at Konitz on 22 Dec. 1837, d. at Leipzig on 7 Sept. 1910. He taught ecclesiastical law in Berlin (1862) as a private lecturer, in Halle (1865) as a professor extraordinary, then, as a full professor, at Freiburg (1868) and at Leipzig (1869-1910).

From the time of his doctoral thesis, F. accepted the regalist-Febronian postulates, defining the relations between State and Church on the basis of the jurisdictionalist principle of the superiority of the former over the latter. His writings exercised considerable influence on the attitude of the Prussian government and Parliament, at the time of the Kulturkampf, regarding the introduction of the ecclesiastical laws of 1873 (May laws), under Bismarck.

F. devoted most of his works to subjects of ecclesiastical law and of the history of ancient and modern canon law. Principal among these: Ehe und Eheschliessung im deutschen Mittelalter (Berlin 1864); Das Recht der Eheschliessung in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung (ibid. 1865); Die evangelische und katholische Kirche der neu einverleibten Länder in ihren Beziehungen zur preuss. Landeskirche und zum Stante (Halle 1867); Der Staat und die katholische Kirche im Grossherzogthum Baden seit 1860 (Berlin 1871); Die Geschichte der Civitelle (ibid. 1871); Die Grenzen zwischen Kirche und Staat und die Garantien gegen deren Verletzung (3 vols., Tübingen 1872); Sammlung der Aktenstücke zum ersten vatikanischen Concil (ibid. 1873); Der Staat und die Bischofsmahlen (Leipzig 1874); Sammlung der Aktenstücke die altkatholischen Bewegung betreffend (ibid. 1876); Verlobung und Trauung (ibid. 1876). Also very well known is his Lehrbuch des katholischen und evangelischen Kirchenrechts (Leipzig 1880, Italian trans. Turin 1893). He also wrote on the constitutions of the various German evangelical Churches: Die geltenden Verfassungsgesetze der evangelischen deutschen Landeskirchen (4 suppl. vols., Freiburg 1885); Das geltende Verfassungsrecht der evangelischen deutschen Landeskirchen (Leipzig 1888). Worthy of great note is the critical edition of the Corpus Juris Canonici (2 vols., ibid. 1879-91) and of the Quinque compilationes antiquae (ibid. 1884). First with R. Dove and then with E. Schling he was director of the Zeitschrift für Kirchenrecht (from 1 July 1891: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Kirchenrecht).

Bibliography4 works

BIBL.: Obituaries by: R. Sohn, in Deutsche Juristische Zeitung, 1910, p. 1081; H. Granert, in Historisches Jahrbuch, 31 (1910), p. 945; J. F. Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts, III, part 2, Stuttgart 1880, p. 238 ff.; B. Kurtscheid-F. A. Wilche, Historia Juris Canonici, I, Rome 1943, p. 307 ff.

Zaccaria da San Mauro

@incollection{ec5_friedberg_emil_albert, author = {Zaccaria da S. Mauro}, title = {Friedberg, emil albert}, booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica}, volume = {V}, pages = {1775--1776}, note = {Cited by column}, publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico}, address = {Città del Vaticano}, year = {1950}, url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/friedberg-emil-albert} }

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Friedberg, Emil Albert

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