LOPUCHIN, ALEKSANDR PAVLOVIĆ. — Russian theologian, master of theology, and professor at the Ecclesiastical Academy of Petersburg. Born in the Saratov governorate in 1852; died on 22 August (Old Style) 1904. The son of a priest, he studied at the Saratov Seminary and, from 1874 to 1878, at the Ecclesiastical Academy of Petersburg. From 1879 he was a psalmist at the Russian Church in New York. In 1882 he returned to Russia to defend his dissertation: Il cattolicesimo romano nell'America settentrionale (1881). From 1882 he taught comparative theology, and from 1885 ancient universal civil history.
L. translated several works by the English theologian F. W. Farrar (1831-1903), composed the extensive Storia biblica alla luce delle nuovissime indagini e scoperte (Petersburg 1892-1895), and wrote numerous articles, especially in the theological or ecclesiastical journals Strannik (Il pellegrino), Tserkovnyj Vestnik (Nunzio ecclesiastico), and Christian-shoe Ctenie (Lettura cristiana); he was editor of the first for a certain period, and editor of the latter two for 10 years. He inspired the complete Russian translation of the works of Chrysostom. He also edited the work Storia della Chiesa cristiana nel sec. XIX (I-II, Petersburg 1900-1901), and especially the first 5 vols. of the Enciclopedia teologica ortodossa (which was continued up to vol. XII by N.N. Glubokovskij in a more scholarly manner).
L. devoted particular attention to the reunion of separated Christians (above all of the Russians with the Anglicans, Old Catholics, and Nestorians) and took a special interest in current biblical problems. He sought to broaden the horizons of Russian theologians by making known the new theological developments appearing abroad, and at the same time to popularize theology. Some reproached him for this popularization of theology, and for not yielding sufficiently to the rationalistic tendency of the age in biblical matters. Among other works, he also published a Manuale di storia biblica del Vecchio Testamento (Petersburg 1888), and a Manuale di storia biblica del Nuovo Testamento (ibid. 1889).
Together with the Countess of Morbalán, thinking of the dangers to which domestic servants were exposed, she founded a home for them in which they could be received when they had left a family and were seeking work. The Blessed devoted herself entirely to this work and, on 11 June 1876, with the approval of the auxiliary bishop of Toledo, Mons. Sancha y Hervás, donned the religious habit of the Institute she had founded. In the same year the foundation at Saragossa came into being, in 1878 that of Seville, and in 1887 that of Bar-