JUVENAL, first patriarch of Jerusalem. – From 422 to 458. He was a great friend of St Cyril of Alexandria, with whom he sided at the Council of Ephesus (431) in the struggle against Nestorius. Relying on this support, he sought to proclaim the see of Jerusalem as metropolitan of all Palestine, freeing it from subjection to the patriarchate of Antioch and the metropolitan see of Caesarea.
J. then temporarily adhered to the party of Eutyches against Flavian at the Robber Synod of Ephesus (449); but at the Council of Chalcedon he is found again among the orthodox. For this reason, on his return to Jerusalem he was expelled by the Monophysites. However, reinstated with the help of Emperor Marcian, in 452 he condemned Monophysitism in a synodal decree. Pope Leo the Great eventually recognized the new patriarchate of Jerusalem (v.).