The Banquet of the Ten Virgins; or Concerning Chastity 11

St Methodius († AD 311)

11.1 The True and Chaste Virgins Few; Chastity a Contest; Thekla Chief of Virgins

I do accept it, Theopatra related that Arete said, and approve of it all. For it is an excellent thing, even although you had not spoken so clearly, to take up and go through with earnestness those things which have been said, not to prepare a sweet entertainment for those who listen, but for correction, recollection, and abstinence. For whoever teaches that chastity is to be preferred and embraced first of all among my pursuits, rightly advises; which many think that they honour and cultivate, but which few, so to speak, really honour. For it is not one who has studied to restrain his flesh from the pleasure of carnal delight that cultivates chastity, if he do not keep in check the rest of the desires; but rather he dishonours it, and that in no small degree, by base lusts, exchanging pleasures for pleasures. Nor if he have strongly resisted the desires of the senses, but is lifted up with vainglory, and from this cause is able to repress the heats of burning lust, and reckon them all as nothing, can he be thought to honour chastity; for he dishonours it in that he is lifted up with pride, cleansing the outside of the cup and platter, that is, the flesh and the body, but injuring the heart by conceit and ambition. Nor when any one is conceited of riches is he desirous of honouring chastity; he dishonours it more than all, preferring a little gain to that to which nothing is comparable of those things that are in this life esteemed. For all riches and gold “in respect of it are as a little sand.” And neither does he who loves himself above measure, and eagerly considers that which is expedient for himself alone, regardless of the necessities of his neighbour, honour chastity, but he also dishonours it. For he who has repelled from himself charity, mercy, and humanity, is much inferior to those who honourably exercise chastity. Nor is it right, on the one hand, by the use of chastity to keep virginity, and, on the other hand, to pollute the soul by evil deeds and lust; nor here to profess purity and continence, and there to pollute it by indulgence in vices. Nor, again, here to declare that the things of this world bring no care to himself; there to be eager in procuring them, and in concern about them. But all the members are to be preserved intact and free from corruption; not only those which are sexual, but those members also which minister to the service of lusts. For it would be ridiculous to preserve the organs of generation pure, but not the tongue; or to preserve the tongue, but neither the eyesight, the ears, nor the hands; or lastly, to preserve these pure, but not the mind, defiling it with pride and anger.

It is altogether necessary for him who has resolved that he will not err from the practice of chastity, to keep all his members and senses clean and under restraint, as is customary with the planks of ships, whose fastenings the ship-masters diligently join together, lest by any means the way and access may lie open for sin to pour itself into the mind. For great pursuits are liable to great falls, and evil is more opposed to that which is really good than to that which is not good. For many who thought that to repress vehement lascivious desires constituted chastity, neglecting other duties connected with it, failed also in this, and have brought blame upon those endeavouring after it by the right way, as you have proved who are a model in everything, leading a virgin life in deed and word. And now what that is which becomes a virgin state has been described.

And you all in my hearing having sufficiently contended in speaking, I pronounce victors and crown; but Thekla with a larger and thicker chaplet, as the chief of you, and as having shone with greater lustre than the rest.

Ἀλλὰ δέχομαι, τὴν Ἀρετὴν ἡ Θεοπάτρα ἔφη φάναι, καὶ πάσας ἐπαινῶ· κράτιστα γὰρ δή, κἂν οὕτω μὴ φανερῶς, ἀλλὰ μετὰ σπουδῆς τὰ λεχθέντα δεχομένη διεξελήλυθας, οὐ γλυκυμυθίαν πρὸς τέρψιν ·τῶν ἀκουόντων συσκευασαμένη , ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν ὑπόμνημα καὶ νῆψιν. προτάττειν γὰρ τῶν ἐμῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἁγνείαν ὁ λέγων δεῖν καὶ ἀσπάζεσθαι πρώτην τῶν ἄλλων ὀρθῶς παρακελεύεται· ἥν τιμᾶν μὲν νομίζουσι καὶ θεραπεύειν πολλοί, τιμῶσι δ' αὐτὴν ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ὀλίγοι. οὐ γὰρ ὁπόταν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σάρκα τῆς κατὰ συνουσίαν ἄγευστον ἡδονῆς φιλοτιμῆται τηρεῖν ἄνθρωπος, τῶν ἄλλων μὴ κρατῶν, ἁγνείαν τιμᾷ· ἀτιμάζει μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν μᾶλλον οὐχ ἥκιστα βαναύσοις ἐπιθυμίαις, ἡδονὰς ἀντικαταλλασσόμενος ἡδοναῖς. οὐδέ γε ὁπόταν πρὸς τὰς ἔξω μὲν ἐπιθυμίας διαπονῇ καρτερῶν, ὑπεραίρηται δὲ φυσιούμενος, αὐτῷ δὴ τούτῳ τῷ δύνασθαι τῶν τῆς σαρκὸς ὑπεκκαυμάτων κρατεῖν, καὶ πάντας ὡς οὐδὲν ἐξουδενῶν ἡγῆται, ἁγνείαν τιμᾷ · ἀτιμάζει γὰρ αὐτὴν ὑβρίζων ὑψηλοφροσύνῃ, τῷ τὸ μὲν ἕξωθεν τοῦ πίνακος καθαίρειν καὶ τῆς παροψίδος, τὴν σάρκα, τὸ σῶμαι τὴν Τε καρδίαν τύφῳ σίνεσθαι καὶ φιλοδρατίᾳ. οὐδέ γε ὁπότε ἀναβρύνεταί τις χρήμασι, τιμᾶν αὐτὴν σπουδάζει· ἀτιμάζει μὲν οὑν παντὸς μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ οὑτος, προκρίνων αὐτῆς ὀλίγον κέρδος, ἡς οὐδὲν ἀντάξιον τῶν ἐν τῷ τιμίων· »πᾶς« γὰρ πλοῦτος πλοῦτος ἐνώπιον αὐτῆς καὶ »χρυσὸς« ὡς »ψάμος ἀλίγη«. οὐδέ γε ὁ ἑαυτὸν ὑπερφυῶς ὑγούμενος φιλεῖν καὶ τὸ ἑαυτῷ μόνῳ συμφέρον σπουδάζων σκοπεῖν, ἄφροντις δὲ τῶν πλησίων, ἁγνείαν τιμᾷ· ἀτιμάζει μὲν οὖν αὐτὴν καὶ οὗτος· πολὺ γὰρ λείπεται τῶν κατ' ἀξίαν ὁμιλούντων αὐτῇ. τῷ τὴν ἀγάπην αὐτῆς καὶ τὸ συμπαθητικὸν καὶ τὸ φιλάνθρωπον λωβήσασθαι. οὐ γὰρ τῇδε μὲν ἁγνεύοντας παρθενεύειν δεῖ, τῇδε δὲ κακοπραγοῦντας χραίνεσθαι καὶ ἀκολασταίνειν , οὐδὲ τῇδε μὲν ἐπαγγέλλεσθαι καθαρεύειν καὶ σωφρονῖν, τῇδε δὲ μολύνεσθαι καὶ ἁμαρτάνειν, οὐδ' αὖ τῇ μὲν ὁμολογεῖν μὴ πεφροντικέναι τῶν κοσμικῶν , τῇ δὲ κτᾶσθαι καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐξετέζεσθαι., ἀλλὰ πάντα τὰ μέλη φθορᾶς ἀκοινώνητα καὶ ἀμιγῆ τηρεῖν, οὐ μόνον τὰ κνησμώδη καὶ συνουσιαστικά, ἀλλ’ ἤδη καὶ τὰ τούτων ἐνεργέστερα. χλεύη γὰρ τὰ μὲν τῆς παιδοποιήσεως ὄργανα τηρεῖν παρθένα, τὴν δὲ γλῶτταν μὴ τηρεῖν, ἢ τὴν γλῶσσαν μὲν τηρεῖν παρθένον, τὴν δὲ ὅρασιν ἢ τὴν ἀκοὴν ἢ τὰς χεῖρας μὴ τηρεῖν, ἢ ταῦτα μὲν ἔχειν κοὶ τηρεῖν παρθένα, τὴν καρδίαν δὲ μὴ τηρεῖν , ἀλλ’ ἑταιρίζεσθαι τύφῳ καὶ θυμῷ. δεῖ γὰρ πάντως τὸν μέλλοντα μὴ ἁμαρτήσεσθαι περὶ τὴν ἄσκησιν τῆς ἁγνείας τὰ μέλη πάντα καὶ τὰ αἰσθητήρια τηρεῖν ἑαυτοῦ καθαρὰ καὶ συνεσφιγμένα καθάπερ δὴ καὶ πλοίων ὧν] οἱ κυβερνῆται τὰς ἁρμογὰς σφίγγουσι, πρὸς τὸ μὴ σχεῖν ἔσω δίοδον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐπεισχεομένην. τοῖς γὰρ μεγάλοις ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐπιτηδεύμασι μεγάλα καὶ τὰ πταίσματα συμβαίνει, καὶ τῷ ὄντι τῷ ἀγαθῷ μᾶλλον ἐναντιώτερον τὸ κακὸν ἢ τῷ μὴ ἀγαθῷ. πολλοὶ οὖν δοξάζοντες τὸ περὶ τὰς οἰστρώδεις μᾶλλον καρτερεῖν ἐπιθυμίας εἶναι τὴν ἁγνείαν, τῶν ἄλλων ἀμελήσαντες αὐτῆς ἔπταισαν καὶ τοῖς ὀρθῶς πρὸς αὑτὴν ὡρμημένοις προσῆψαν φόγους, οὕς ὑμεῖς ἀλέγξατε, νόμος διὰ πάντων, αὐταὶ γὰρ] παρθενεύσασαι καὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ. καὶ τὰ μὲν δὴ τῆς παρθένου, ποταπὴν εἶναι προσῆκε, διεγράφη· ὐμᾶς δὲ διαρκῶς ἀγωνισαμένας τῷ λόγῳ αὐτήκοος γενομένη πάσας αποφαίνομαι νικᾶν καὶ στέφω, Θέκλαν Ι δὲ τῷ μείζονι στεφάνῳ καὶ δασυτέρῳ ὡς πρώτην ὑμῶν καὶ μεγαλοπρεπέστερον ἐκλάμψασαν.

Ταῦτα οὖν εἰποῦσαν ἔφη κελεῦσαι πάσας ἀναστῆναι τὴν Ἀρετὴν ἡ Θεοπάτρα, καὶ στάσας ὑπὸ τὴν ἄγνον εὐχαριστήριον πρεπόντως ὕμνον ἀναπέμψαι τῷ κυρίῳ , ἐξάρχειν δὲ τὴν Θέκλαν καὶ προϋφηγεῖσθαι. ὡς οὖν ἀνέστησαν, τὴν Θέκλαν μέσην μὲν τῶν παρθένων ἔφη, ἐκ δεξιῶν δὲ τῆς Ἀρετῆς στᾶσαν κοσμίως ψάλλειν, τὰς δὲ λοιπὰς ἐν κύκλῳ καθάπερ ἐν χοροῦ σχῆματι συστάσας ὑπακούειν αὐτῇ.

Ὑπακοή. ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι. Ψαλμός. Ἄνωθεν, παρθένοι, βοῆς ἀγερσίνεκρος ἀχος ἠλθε νυμφίῳ λέγων

πασσυδὶ ὑπαντάνειν λευκαῖσιν ἐν στολαῖς καὶ λαμπάσι πρὸς ἀντολάς· ἔγρεσθε πρὶν φθάσῃ μολεῖν εἴσω θυρῶν ἄναξ.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Βροτῶν παλυστένακτον ὄλβον ἐκφυγοῦσα βίου τρυφῆς ἁδονὰς ἔρωτα, σαῖς ὑπ' ἀγκάλαις ζωηφόροις ποθῶ σκέπεσθαι καὶ βλέπειν τὸ σὸν κάλλος διηνεκῶς, μάκαρ.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Γάμων λιποῦσα θνητὰ λέκτρα καὶ . . ἄναξ, διὰ σὲ πολύχρυσον, ἠλθον ἀσπίλοις ἐν εἴμασιν, ὅπως φθάσω κἀγὼ πανολβίων θαλάμων εἴσω σὺν σοὶ μολεῖν.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ φαεσφόρους φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Δόλους δράκοντος <ἠλθον> ἐκψυγοῦσα μυρίους, μάκαρ, θελδτηρίους· ἔτλην δὲ καὶ πυρὸς φλόγα καὶ θηρίων ἀνημέρων ὁρμὰς βροτοφθόρους, σὲ προσμένουσ' ἀπ' οὐρανῶν.

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ἐλαθόμην πάτρας, ποθοῦσα σὴν χάριν, ἐλαθόμην <καὶ> παρθένων ὁμηλίκων χορούς, μητρός τε καὶ γένους φρύαγμα· πάντα γὰρ σύ μοι αὐτὸς σύ, Χριστἐ, τυγχάνεις.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> > Ζωῆς Χριστέ, τυγχάνεις,] χαῖρε φῶς ταύτην δέδεξο τὴν βοήν· χορός σε παρθένων προσεννέπει, τέλειον ἄνθος, ἀγάπη, χαρά, φρόνησις, σοφία, λόγε.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ἠνοιγμέναις θύραις, ἄνασσα φαιδρόκοσμε, ἐδέξω θαλάμων εἴσω χ' ἠμᾶς, ἀχραντόσωμε, Καλλίνικε νύμφα, καλλίπνου· ὁμόστολοι παρήμεθα Χριστῷ, πανόλβιον μέλπουσαι σὸν γάμον, θάλος.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Θρηνοῦσι νῦν βαρύστονοι κόραι πυλῶν νυμφῶνος ἔξω καὶ βοῶσι γοερῶς, ὅτι τὸ λαμπάδων ἀποοβέσασαι φῶς οὐκ ἔφθασαν χαρᾶς ταμεῖον εἰσιδεῖν.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ φαεσφόρους φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ἱρᾶς ὁδοῦ γὰρ ἐκτραπεῖσαι πρὸς βίου κτήσασθ’ ἔλαιον ἠμέλησαν ἄθλιαι πλέον· νεκρὰς δὲ φλογεροῦ πυρὸς φέρουσαι λαμπάδας στένουσιν ἔνδον ἐκ φρενῶν.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Κροτῆρες ἁδυπληθέες πρόκεινται νέκταρος· πίνωμεν· οὐράνιόν ἐστι πόμα, παρθένοι, ὁ νυμφίος ὅπερ τέθεικε τοῖς μετ' ἀξίας εἰς τὸν γάμον κεκλημένοις.

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Λαμπρῶς σου τὸν <φονὸν> Ἄβελ ἔλεξεν αὑματοσταγὴς βλέπων εἰς οὐρανόν. ἀνηλεῶς με συγγόνου τετρωμένον χειρὶ δέξαι, λιτάζομαι, λόγε.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ φαεσξόρους φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Μέγιστον ἀθλον ὁ κάρτερος σου παῖς, λόγε, Ἰωσὴφ ἀνείλετο· γυνὴ γὰρ αὐτὸν εἰς ἄθεσμα λέκτρα βιαίως εἷλκε φλογωμένη πόθοις, ὁ δ’ οὐδὲν ἐντραπεὶς ἔφευγε γυμνὸς ἐκβοῶν·

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Νεοσφαγῆ ὁ Ἰεφθάε κόρην ἀνῆγε θυσίαν θεῷ, ἄπειρον ἄπειρον ἀμφὶ βωμὸν ἀμνάδος δίκην ἡ δ' εὐγενῶς σου τὸν τύπον τῆς σαρκός, ὦ μάκαρ, τελοῦσ' ἔκραζε καρτερῶς·

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντόνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ξένων στρατηλάταν ὄχλων εὔτολμος εὐστόχοις Ἰουδὴθ δόλοις καρατόμησε, κάλλεος τύποις θέλξασα τοῦτον, οὐ χράναντα σώματος μέλη, νικαφόροις δ’ ἔφη βοαῖς·

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ὁρῶντες εἶδος εὐπρεπὲς ὑφῆς δύο Σουσάννας, ἐμμανεῖς ἔρωτι λέξαν· ὠ γύναι, κρυπτῶν [σου] γάμων λέχη ποθοῦντες ἥκομεν, φίλα. ἡ δ’ ἐντρόμοις ἴφη βοαῖς·

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Πολλῷ με κατθανεῖν ἄμεινόν ἐστιν ἢ λέχη προδοῦσαν, ὠ γυναιμανεῖς, ὑμῖν αἰωνίαν δίκην ὑπ΄ ἐμπύροις θεοῦ τιμωρίαις παθεῖν· σῶσόν με, Χριστέ, τῶνδε νῦν.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόροις νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ῥοαῖς καθαρσίοις λούων πλήθη βροτῶν ὁ πρόδρομος ἀνόμως κακοῦ πρὸς ἀνδρὸς εἰς σφαγὴν ἤχθη δι’ ἁγνείαν, λύθρῳ δὲ φοινίω̣ κόνιν δεύων ἔκραζέ σοι, μάκαρ·

<῾Υπ> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ φαεσφόρους φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Σοῦ καὶ ζωητόκος χάρις ἄθικτος,] ἄτεγκτος, ἀσπίλους τὰς σὰς γονὰς ἐν ἀσπόρῳ φέρουσα νηδύι, μορφὴν ὑπέσχεν ὡς προδοῦσα λέκτρα παρθένος· ἔλεξε δ' ἔγκυος, μάκαρ·

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Τὴν σήν, μάκαρ, γαμήλιον ποθοῦντες ἁμέραν ἰδεῖν, ὅσους ἄνωθεν αὐτὸς ἀγγέλων ἅναξ κέκληκας, ἥκουσιν μέγιστα δῶρά σοι, λόγε, φέροντες ἀσπίλοις στολαῖς.

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καἰ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ὑμνοις, μάκαιρα θεόνυμφε, θαλαμηπόλοι αἱ σαὶ γεραίρομεν σὲ νῦν, ἄθικτα παρθένε, ἐκκλησία χιονόσωμε, κυανοβόστρυχε, σῶφρον, ἄμωμ΄, ἀρασμία.

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Φθορὰ πέφευγε καὶ νόσων πόνοι δακρυσταγεῖς, θάνατος ᾐρέθη, ὄλωλε πᾶσα ἀφροσύνη, λύπη τέθνηκε τηξίφρων, ἔλαμψε δ' ἠ τοῦ] θεοῦ Χριστοῦ] χαρὰ βροτοῖς ἄφνω πόλιν.

<῾Υπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Χῆρος ὁ] βροτῶν παράδεισός ἐστιν πάλιν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐκ θείας ὤσπερ τὸ πρὶν ταγῆς οἰκεῖ τέχναις ὁ ποικίλαις δράκοντος ἐκπεσών, ἄφθαρτος ἄφοβος, μάκαρ.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ψάλλων τὸ καινὸν ᾆσμα νῦν χορός σε καθιστάνει πρὸς οὐρανούς, ἄνασσα, φῶς ὅλη, ἐστεμμένος λευκοῖς κρίνων κάλυξι καὶ φλόγας χερσὶ σελασφόρους φέρων.

<Ὑπ.> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

<Ψ.> Ὠ τὰς ἀχράντους οὐρανοῦ, μάκαρ, ναίων ἄναρχε, πάντα συγκροτῶν αἰωνίῳ κράτει, δέξαι σὺν παιδὶ σῷ, πάρεσμεν, ἔνδον εἰς ζωῆς πύλας, πάτερ, καὶ ὴμέας.

<> ἁγνεύω σοι καὶ λαμπάδας φαεσφόρους κρατοῦσα, νυμφίε, ὑπαντάνω σοι.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Ἀξίως ἀπηνέγκατο τὰ πρῶτα τῶν ἄθλων ἡ Θέκλα, ὠ Γρηγόριον.

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀξίως μὲν οὖν.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τί δαί; ἡ Τελμησιακὴ ξένη, εἰπέ μοι, κἂν ἀξωθεν οὐκ ἐπηκροᾶτο; θαυμάζω γὰρ εἰ ἡσυχίαν εἶχεν ἐκείνη μαθοῦσα τὸ συσσίτιον τοῦτο , καὶ οὐκ εὐθέως ὥσπερ ὄρνεον ἐπὶ τροφὴν ἐφίπτατο τῶν λεγομένων ἀκουσομένη.

ΓΡΗΓ. Οὐ· λόγος γὰρ αὐτὴν Μεθοδίῳ συμπαραγεγονέναι αὐτὰ δὴ ταῦτα τὴν Ἀρετὴν πυνθανομένῳ. ἀλλὰ καλὸν καὶ μακάριον τοι. αύτῃ διδασκάλῳ χρήσασθαι καὶ ὁδηγῷ, τῇ Ἀρετῇ.

ΕΥΒΟΓΛ. Ἀτάρ, ὦ Γρηγόριον, ποτέρους ἀμείνους λέγομεν, τοὺς μὴ ἐπιθυμοῦντας μέν, κρατοῦντας δὲ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας, ἢ τοὺς ἐπιθυμοῦντας καὶ παρθενεύοντας;

ΓΡΗΙ. Τοὺς μὴ ἐπιθυμοῦντας καὶ παρθενεύοντας > ἐπειδὴ καὶ τὴν διάνοιαν οὗτοι καὶ τὴν αἴσθησιν ἀμόλυντον κέκτηνται καί εἰσιν ὁλοτελῶς ἀδιάφθοροι, κατὰ μηδὲν ἀξημαρτηκότες.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Εὐγε νὴ τὴν σωφροσύνην, ὠ Γρηγόριον, καὶ συνετῶς. ἀτὰρ μή τι κωλύω, ἐὰν ἀντιλαμβάνωμαι τῶν λόγων, ἵνα ἐρρωμενέστερον μάθω καὶ σηθεὶς ἐξελέγξῃ με ἔτι;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀλλ' ἀντιλαμβάνου, ὅπῃ καὶ θέλεις· ἐγὼ γὰρ ἱκανῶς, ὠ Εὐβούλιον, διδάξαι σε ἔχω, ὅτι τοῦ ἐπιθυμοῦντος ὁ μὴ ἐπιθυμῶν χρείσσων ἐστί, καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐ μή σε ἐλέγξῃ.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Βαβαί· χαίρω τάρ, ὅτι μοι μεγαλοφρόνως ἀποκρίνῃ καὶ δεικνύεις ὅσον πεπλούτηκας ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ.

ΓΡΗΓ. Κωτίλος τις ὡς ἔοικεν ἄνθρωπος εἶναι δοκεῖς, ὠ Εὐβούλιον. ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τίνος δὴ χάριν;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ὅτι τωθαζομένη με ταῦτα λέγεις μᾶλλον ἢ ἀληθεύουσα.

ΕΥΒΟΓΛ. Εὐφήμησον, ὦ μακαρία· θαυμάζω γὰρ σφόδρα σου τὸ συνετὸν καὶ μεγαλόδοξον. ἐγὼ τοῦ το ἔφην, ὄτι περὶ ὡν πολλοὶ πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς πολλάκις ἀμφισβητοῦσι σοφοί, ταῦτα οὐ μόνον ἐπίστασθαι σὺ λέγεις, ἀλλὰ καὶ διδάσκειν ἑτέρους σεμνύνῃ.

ΓΡΗΓ. Σὺ γὰρ ἐξ ἀληθείας, εἰπέ μοι, δυσχεραίνεις, εἰ διαφέρουσιν ὅλως οἱ μὴ ἐπιθυμοῦντες τῶν ἐπιθυμούντων τε καὶ ἐγκρατευομένων; ἢ πάντως ἐμοῦ ταῦτα προσπαίζεις;

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Καὶ πῶς ἀποπειρωμένη, ἥ ὁμολογῶ μὴ εἰδέναι; ἀλλ’ ἴθι φράσον ἐμοί, ὠ σοφωτάτη, τίνι διαφέρουσιν οἱ μὴ ἀπιθυμοῦντες καὶ ἁγνεύοντες τῶν ἐπιθυμούντων τε καὶ παρθενευόντων.

ΓΡΗΓ. Ὅτι πρῶτον μὲν καθαρὰν ἔχουσιν αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ἀεὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἄλγιον ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικεῖ, μὴ περιελκομένης αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπιθολουμενης φαντασίαις καὶ λογισμοῖς ἀκρασίας, ὥστε καὶ διὰ τῆς ἐνθυμήσεως ἐπιλωβηθῆναί ποτε· ἀλλ' εἰσὶν ἀνεπίδεκτοι πάντῃ καὶ κατὰ τὴν σάρκα καὶ κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν οὗτοι τῆς ἐπιθυμίας, γαλήνην ἄγοντες τῶν παθημάτων. οἱ δὲ διὰ τῆς οψεως ἔξωθεν δελεαζόμενοι ταῖς φαντασίαις καὶ ἐπεισρέουσαν δεχόμενοι τὴν ἐπιθυ- μίαν δίκην ῥεύματος εἰς τὴν καρδίαν οὐδὲν ἧσσον μολύνονται πολλάκις, κἂν νομίζωσιν ἀντιφιλονεικεῖν καὶ μάχεσθαι πρὸς τὰς ἡδονάς, ἡττώμενοι τὸν λογισμόν.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Οὐκοῦν γαλήνην τοὺς ἄγοντας καὶ μὴ διοχλουμένους ὑπὸ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας λέξομεν καθαρούς;

ΓΡΗΓ. Καὶ σφόδρα. τούτους γὰρ τοιούτους ὁ καὶ θεοὺς διὰ τῶν μακαρισμῶν ἀπεργαζόμενος τοὺς ἀνενδοιάστως αὐτῷ πιστεύοντας θεὸς »ὄψεσθαι« μετὰ παρρησίας ἀποφθέγγεται τὸν θεόν‘, ὅτι μηδὲν ἐπισκοτοῦν ἢ συνταράσσον τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν τῆς Ψυχῆς πρὸς τὴν θείαν ἐπιφέρονται θεωρίαν, ἀλλ’ ἐκτὸς γεγονότες τῶν ὀρέξεων πάντῃ τῶν κοσμικῶν τὴν σάρκα καθαρὰν οὐ μόνον, ὡς ἔφην, μίξεως τηροῦσιν, ἀλλ' ἤδη καὶ τὴν καρδίαν ἀνεπίδεκτον λογισμῶν ἀκρασίας, ἐν ᾗ μέλιστα καὶ τὸ ἅγιον ὡς ἐν ναῷ κατοικοῦν ἀναπαύεται πνεῦμα.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Ἔχε δὴ οἶμαι γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν εὕρεσιν τῶν ὄντως κρειτ- τόνων ὀρθότερον ἡμᾶς ἐντεῦθεν διελθεῖν) καί μοι φράσον· καλεῖς τινα κυβερνήτην ἀγαθόν;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἔγωγε.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Πότερον τὸν ἐν μεγάλαις καὶ ἀμηχάνοις περισώσαντα ζάλαις τὸ σκάφος ἢ τὸν ἐν γαλήνῃ καὶ νηνεμέᾳ;

ΓΡΗΓ. Τὸν ἐν μεγάλαις καὶ ἀμηχάνοις.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ψυχὴν τὴν περιαντλουμένην ταῖς τρικυ- μίαις τῶν παθημάτων καὶ μὴ ἀποκάμνουσαν ἢ ἐκλυομένην, ἀλλὰ τὸ σκάφος, τὴν σάρκα, γενναίως εἰς λιμένα τὸν τῆς σωφροσύνης ἀπευθύνουσαν λέξομεν τῆς ἐν εὐδίᾳ πλοϊζομένης κρείττονα καἰ δοκιμωτεραν;

ΓΡΗΓ. Λέξομεν.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τὸ γὰρ ἁρμόζεσθαι πρὸς τὰς ἐμβολὰς τῶν καταφυσημάτων τοῦ πονηροῦ πνεύματος καὶ μὴ ἀπορρίπτεσθαι ἢ νικᾶσθαι, ἀλλὰ πάντα πρὸς Χριστὸν ἀνανεύοντα καρτερῶς μάχεσθαι ταῖς ἡδοναῖς μείζονα τὸν ἔπαινον φέρει τοῦ μετὰ ῥᾳστώνης ἀχειμαστὶ παρθενεύοντος.

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἐοικεν.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τί δαὶ καὶ ὁ κύριος; οὐ δοκεῖ δεικνύναι διαφέρειν τὸν ἐπιθυμοῦντα μᾶλλον καὶ ἐγκρατευόμενον τοῦ μὴ ἐπιθυμοῦντός τε καὶ παρθενεύοντος;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ποῦ δή;

ΕΥΒΟΓΛ. Ἐνθα τὸν φρόνιμον παραβάλλων οἰκίᾳ τεθεμελιωμένῃ καλῶς ἄπτωτον αὐτὸν ἀποφαίνεται, μὴ δυνάμενον ὑπὸ τῆς βροχῆς καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ τῶν ἀνέμων καταβληθῆναι, ταῖς μὲν ἐπιθυ- μίαις ὡς ἔοικέν ἀπεικάζων τοὺς χειμῶνας, τῇ δὲ πέτρᾳ τὴν ἀκίνητον ἔνστασιν καὶ ἀδιάπτωτον τῆς ψυχῆς περὶ τὴν ἁγνείαν.

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀληθῆ λέγειν δόξαις.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τί δαὶ καὶ ἰατρόν; οὐ τὸν ἐπὶ μεγάλαις ἤδη δεδοκιμασμένον νόσοις καὶ πολλοὺς ἰασάμενον ἄριστον καλεῖς;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἕγωγε.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Τὸν δὲ μηδὲν μηδέπω διαπραξάμενον, μηδὲ νοσοῦντας ὅλως ἐν χερσὶν ἐσχηκότα οὐ πάντως ἀδοκιμώτερον ἔτι;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ναί.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ Ψυχὴν τὴν ἀνεχομένην ὑγροτέρου σώματος καὶ τὰς περὶ τὰς ἡδονὰς αὐτοῦ νόσους καταπραϋνουσαν σωφρο- σύνης φαρμάκοις ἰατρικωτέραν λεκτέον τῆς ὑγιεινὸν διοικεῖν κεκληρωμένης σῶμα καὶ ἀπαθές;

ΓΡΗΓ. Λεκτέον γάρ.

ΕΥΒΟΓΛ. Τί δαὶ καὶ ἐν πάλῃ; πότερον παλαιστὴς ἀμείνων ὁ ἀνταγωνιστὰς ἔχων μεγάλους καὶ ἰσχυρούς, καὶ προσπαλαίων ἀεὶ καὶ μὴ καθαιρούμενος, ἢ ὁ μὴ ἔχων ἀνταγωνιστάς;

ΓΡΗΓ. Δῆλον ὡς ὁ ἔχων.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Καὶ ἐν πάλῃ ἄρα δοκιμώτερος ἀθλητὴς ὁ τοὺς ἀνταγωνιστας ἔχων;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀνάγκη.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Οὐκοῦν καὶ ψυχὴν ἀνάγκη πᾶσα τὴν μηχανωμένην πρὸς τὰς ἐφόδους τῆς ἐπιθυμίας καὶ μὴ κατασπωμένην, ἀλλ' ἀνθέλκουσαν καὶ ἀντιτασσομένην, ἰσχυροτέραν φαίνεσθαι τῆς μὴ ἐπιθυμούσης;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀληθῆ.

ΕΓΒΟΥΛ. Τί δαὶ τὸ καρτερῶς ἔχειν πρὸς τὰς ὁρμάς, Γρηγόριον, τῶν φαύλων ὀρέξεων; δοκεῖ σοι μᾶλλον ἀνδρείας εἶναι;

ΓΡΗΓ. Καὶ σψόδρα.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Ἡ δὲ ἀνδρεία αὕτη δύναμις ἀρετῆς;

ΓΡΗΓ. Δῆλον.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Οὐκοῦν εἰ δύναμις ἀρετῆς ἐστιν ἡ ὑπομονή, ἡ διοχλουμένη ἄρα ψυχὴ καὶ καρτεροῦσα πρὸς τὰς ἐπιθυμίας δυνατωτέρα φαίνεται τῆς μὴ ὀχλουμένης;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ναί.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Εἰ δὲ δυνατωτέρα, καὶ κρείσσων;

ΓΡΗΓ. Ναί.

ΕΥΒΟΥΛ. Κρείσσων ἄρα ἡ ἐπιθυμοῦσα καὶ ἐγκρατευομένη τῆς μὴ ἐπιθυμούσης ἐστὶν ἐκ τῶν προωμολογημένων καὶ ἐγκρατευομενης.

ΓΡΗΓ. Ἀληθῆ λέγεις, καὶ ἐπιθυμήσω πληρέστερον ἔτι περὶ τούτων διαλεχθῆναί σοι. εἰ οὖν σοι φίλον, αὔριον ἀφίξομαι πάλιν ἀκουσομένη τούτων. νῦν γάρ, ὡς ὁρᾷς, ὥρα λοιπὸν τραπέσθαι καὶ περὶ τὸ τοῦ ἔξωθεν ἀσχολεῖν ἡμᾶς ἀνθρώπου.

11.2 Thekla Singing Decorously a Hymn, the Rest of the Virgins Sing with Her; John the Baptist a Martyr to Chastity; The Church the Spouse of God, Pure and Virgin

Theopatra said that Arete having said these things, commanded them all to rise, and, standing under the Agnos, to send up to the Lord in a becoming manner a hymn of thanksgiving; and that Thekla should begin and should lead the rest. And when they had stood up, she said that Thekla, standing in the midst of the virgins on the right of Arete, decorously sang; but the rest, standing together in a circle after the manner of a chorus, responded to her: “I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.”

Thekla. 1. From above, O virgins, the sound of a noise that wakes the dead has come, bidding us all to meet the Bridegroom in white robes, and with torches towards the east. Arise, before the King enters within the gates.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 2. Fleeing from the sorrowful happiness of mortals, and having despised the luxuriant delights of life and its love, I desire to be protected under Thy life-giving arms, and to behold Thy beauty for ever, O blessed One.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 3. Leaving marriage and the beds of mortals and my golden home for Thee, O King, I have come in undefiled robes, in order that I might enter with Thee within Thy happy bridal chamber.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 4. Having escaped, O blessed One, from the innumerable enchanting wiles of the serpent, and, moreover, from the flame of fire, and from the mortal-destroying assaults of wild beasts, I await Thee from heaven.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 5. I forget my own country, O Lord, through desire of Thy grace. I forget, also, the company of virgins, my fellows, the desire even of mother and of kindred, for Thou, O Christ, art all things to me.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 6. Giver of life art Thou, O Christ. Hail, light that never sets, receive this praise. The company of virgins call upon Thee, Perfect Flower, Love, Joy, Prudence, Wisdom, Word.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 7. With open gates, O beauteously adorned Queen, admit us within thy chambers. O spotless, gloriously triumphant Bride, breathing beauty, we stand by Christ, robed as He is, celebrating thy happy nuptials, O youthful maiden.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 8. The virgins standing without the chamber, with bitter tears and deep moans, wail and mournfully lament that their lamps are gone out, having failed to enter in due time the chamber of joy.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 9. For turning from the sacred way of life, unhappy ones, they have neglected to prepare sufficiency of oil for the path of life; bearing lamps whose bright light is dead, they groan from the inward recesses of their mind.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 10. Here are cups full of sweet nectar; let us drink, O virgins, for it is celestial drink, which the Bridegroom hath placed for those duly called to the wedding.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 11. Abel, clearly prefiguring Thy death, O blessed One, with flowing blood, and eyes lifted up to heaven, said, Cruelly slain by a brother’s hand, O Word, I pray Thee to receive me.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 12. Thy valiant son Joseph, O Word, won the greatest prize of virginity, when a woman heated with desire forcibly drew him to an unlawful bed; but he giving no heed to her fled stripped, and crying aloud:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 13. Jephthah offered his fresh slaughtered virgin daughter a sacrifice to God, like a lamb; and she, nobly fulfilling the type of Thy body, O blessed One, bravely cried:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 14. Daring Judith, by clever wiles having cut off the head of the leader of the foreign hosts, whom previously she had allured by her beautiful form, without polluting the limbs of her body, with a victor’s shout said:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 15. Seeing the great beauty of Susanna, the two Judges, maddened with desire, said, O dear lady, we have come desiring secret intercourse with thee; but she with tremulous cries said:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 16. It is far better for me to die than to betray my nuptials to you, O mad for women, and so to suffer the eternal justice of God in fiery vengeance. Save me now, O Christ, from these evils.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 17. Thy Precursor, washing multitudes of men in flowing lustral water, unjustly by a wicked man, on account of his chastity, was led to slaughter; but as he stained the dust with his life-blood, he cried to Thee, O blessed One:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 18. The parent of Thy life, that unspotted Grace and undefiled Virgin, bearing in her womb without the ministry of man, by an immaculate conception, and who thus became suspected of having betrayed the marriage-bed, she, O blessed One, when pregnant, thus spoke:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 19. Wishing to see Thy nuptial day, O blessed One, as many angels as Thou, O King, calledst from above, bearing the best gifts to Thee, came in unsullied robes:—

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 20. In hymns, O blessed spouse of God, we attendants of the Bride honour Thee, O undefiled virgin Church of snow-white form, dark haired, chaste, spotless, beloved.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 21. Corruption has fled, and the tearful pains of diseases; death has been taken away, all folly has perished, consuming mental grief is no more; for again the grace of the God-Christ has suddenly shone upon mortals.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 22. Paradise is no longer bereft of mortals, for by divine decree he no longer dwells there as formerly, thrust out from thence when he was free from corruption, and from fear by the various wiles of the serpents, O blessed One.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 23. Singing the new song, now the company of virgins attends thee towards the heavens, O Queen, all manifestly crowned with white lilies, and bearing in their hands bright lights.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

Thekla. 24. O blessed One, who inhabited the undefiled seats of heaven without beginning, who governed all things by everlasting power, O Father, with Thy Son, we are here, receive us also within the gates of life.

Chorus. I keep myself pure for Thee, O Bridegroom, and holding a lighted torch I go to meet Thee.

11.3 Which are the Better, the Continent, or Those Who Delight in Tranquillity of Life? Contests the Peril of Chastity: the Felicity of Tranquillity; Purified and Tranquil Minds Gods: They Who Shall See God; Virtue Disciplined by Temptations

Euboulios. Deservedly, O Gregorion, has Thekla borne off the chief prize.

Gregorion. Deservedly indeed.

Euboulios. But what about the stranger Telmisiake? Tell me, was she not listening from without? I wonder if she could keep silence on hearing of this banquet, and would not forthwith, as a bird flies to its food, listen to the things which were spoken.

Gregorion. The report is that she was present with Methodios when he inquired respecting these things of Arete. But it is a good as well as a happy thing to have such a mistress and guide as Arete, that is virtue.

Euboulios. But, Gregorion, which shall we say are the better, those who without lust govern concupiscence, or those who under the assaults of concupiscence continue pure?

Gregorion. For my part, I think those who are free from lust, for they have their mind undefiled, and are altogether uncorrupted, sinning in no respect.

Euboulios. Well, I swear by chastity, and wisely, O Gregorion. But lest in any wise I hinder you, if I gainsay your words, it is that I may the better learn, and that no one hereafter may refute me.

Gregorion. Gainsay me as you will, you have my permission. For, Euboulios, I think that I know sufficient to teach you that he who is not concupiscent is better than he who is. If I cannot, then there is no one who can convince you.

Euboulios. Bless me! I am glad that you answer me so magnanimously, and show how wealthy you are as regards wisdom.

Gregorion. A mere chatterer, so you seem to be, O Euboulios.

Euboulios. Why so?

Gregorion. Because you ask rather for the sake of amusement than of truth.

Euboulios. Speak fair, I pray you, my good friend; for I greatly admire your wisdom and renown. I say this because, with reference to the things that many wise men often dispute among themselves, you say that you not only understand them, but also vaunt that you can teach another.

Gregorion. Now tell me truly whether it is a difficulty with you to receive the opinion, that they who are not concupiscent excel those who are concupiscent, and yet restrain themselves? or are you joking?

Euboulios. How so, when I tell you that I do not know? But, come, tell me, O wisest lady, in what do the non-concupiscent and chaste excel the concupiscent who live chastely?

Gregorion. Because, in the first place, they have the soul itself pure, and the Holy Spirit always dwells in it, seeing that it is not distracted and disturbed by fancies and unrestrained thoughts, so as to pollute the mind. But they are in every way inaccessible to lust, both as to their flesh and to their heart, enjoying tranquillity from passions. But they who are allured from without, through the sense of sight, with fancies, and receiving lust flowing like a stream into the heart, are often not less polluted, even when they think that they contend and fight against pleasures, being vanquished in their mind.

Euboulios. Shall we then say that they who serenely live and are not disturbed by lusts are pure?

Gregorion. Certainly. For these are they whom God makes gods in the beatitudes; they who believe in Him without doubt. And He says that they shall look upon God with confidence, because they bring in nothing that darkens or confuses the eye of the soul for the beholding of God; but all desire of things secular being eliminated, they not only, as I said, preserve the flesh pure from carnal connection, but even the heart, in which, especially, as in a temple, the Holy Spirit rests and dwells, is open to no unclean thoughts.

Euboulios. Stay now; for I think that from hence we shall the better go on to the discovery of what things are truly the best; and, tell me, do you call anyone a good pilot?

Gregorion. I certainly do.

Euboulios. Whether is it he that saves his vessel in great and perplexing storms, or is it he who does so in a breathless calm?

Gregorion. He that does so in a great and perplexing storm.

Euboulios. Shall we not then say that the soul, which is deluged with the surging waves of the passions, and yet does not, on that account, weary or grow faint, but direct her vessel—that is, the flesh—nobly into the port of chastity, is better and more estimable than he that navigates in calm weather?

Gregorion. We will say so.

Euboulios. For to be prepared against the entrance of the gales of the Evil Spirit, and not to be cast away or overcome, but to refer all to Christ, and strongly to contend against pleasures, brings greater praise than he wins who lives a virgin life calmly and with ease.

Gregorion. It appears so.

Euboulios. And what saith the Lord? Does He not seem to show that he who retains continence, though concupiscent, excels him who, having no concupiscence, leads a virgin life?

Gregorion. Where does He say so?

Euboulios. Where, comparing a wise man to a house well founded, He declares him immoveable because he cannot be overthrown by rains, and floods, and winds; likening, as it would seem, these storms to lusts, but the immoveable and unshaken firmness of the soul in chastity to the rock.

Gregorion. You appear to speak what is true.

Euboulios. And what say you of the physician? Do you not call him the best who has been proved in great diseases, and has healed many patients?

Gregorion. I do.

Euboulios. But the one who has never at any time practised, nor ever had the sick in his hands, is he not still in all respects the inferior?

Gregorion. Yes.

Euboulios. Then we may certainly say that a soul which is contained by a concupiscent body, and which appeases with the medicaments of temperance the disorders arising from the heat of lusts, carries off the palm for healing, over one to whose lot it has fallen to govern aright a body which is free from lust.

Gregorion. It must be allowed.

Euboulios. And how is it in wrestling? Whether is the better wrestler he who has many and strong antagonists, and continually is contending without being worsted, or he who has no opponents?

Gregorion. Manifestly he who wrestles.

Euboulios. And, in wrestling, is not the athlete who contends the more experienced?

Gregorion. It must be granted.

Euboulios. Therefore it is clear that he whose soul contends against the impulses of lust, and is not borne down by it, but draws back and sets himself in array against it, appears stronger than he who does not lust.

Gregorion. True.

Euboulios. What then? Does it not appear to you, Gregorion, that there is more courage in being valiant against the assaults of base desires?

Gregorion. Yes, indeed.

Euboulios. Is not this courage the strength of virtue?

Gregorion. Plainly so.

Euboulios. Therefore, if endurance be the strength of virtue, is not the soul, which is troubled by lusts, and yet perseveres against them, stronger than that which is not so troubled?

Gregorion. Yes.

Euboulios. And if stronger, then better?

Gregorion. Truly.

Euboulios. Therefore the soul which is concupiscent, and exercises self-control, as appears from what has been said, is better than that which is not concupiscent, and exercises self-control.

Gregorion. You speak truly, and I shall desire still more fully to discourse with you concerning these things. If, therefore, it pleases you, tomorrow I will come again to hear respecting them. Now, however, as you see, it is time to betake ourselves to the care of the outward man.

Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, A. Cleveland Coxe (eds.), Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885-1896. Public domain: English translation first published 1885-1900 (Ante-Nicene Fathers). Greek: First1KGreek transcription of public-domain editions, CC BY-SA 4.0 (Open Greek and Latin).

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