KLEE, HEINRICH. – Theologian, b. at Münstermaifeld (Coblenza) on 20 Apr. 1800, d. at Munich on 28 July 1840. He studied at the seminary in Mainz, where he also taught. In 1829 he moved to Bonn, where he taught theology and exegesis. His solid and sound doctrine was initially received unfavorably by his hermesian colleagues; however, he managed to assert himself through his tact and erudition, even though he strongly—and at times harshly—opposed their errors. In 1830 he moved to the University of Munich to take the place of J. A. Möhler.
Klee’s scholarly output is marked by stylistic harshness and obscurity, and it contains some errors (concerning the origin of the human soul and the fate of children who die without baptism); nonetheless, he should be regarded as one of the renewers of theology in the 19th century. Among his works, in addition to Commentaries on the Gospel of St. John (Mainz 1829), the Letters to the Romans (ibid. 1830) and to the Hebrews (ibid. 1833), the following should be noted: Die Ehe (ibid. 1833), Katholische Dogmatik (3 vols., 1834–35, with various editions; his most important work), Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte (2 vols., ibid. 1837–38).
KIVU, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE OF. – Ivory Madonna. Indigenous sculpture.
The vicariate of this name was erected on 12 Dec. 1912 with territory further to the east, but it was later suppressed on 25 Apr. 1922 and divided between the vicariates of Urundi and Ruanda. The present Apostolic Vicariate of K. covers an area of 84,693 sq. km., is entrusted to the Society of Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers), and was erected on 26 Dec. 1929 with territory detached from the Vicariate of Upper Congo (now Baudouinville).
The territory of K. is among those undergoing the most rapid development. The missionary work of the White Fathers, assisted by some priests of the Society of Jesus, though undertaken with great commitment, faces serious obstacles, particularly from anticlericalism imported by Europeans. In order to provide the vicariate with more adequate resources, the possibility of a future division of its territory into multiple ecclesiastical circumscriptions is already being considered. It has approximately 831,000 inhabitants, including 71,460 indigenous Catholics, 3,802 foreigners, and 133 of mixed descent; 54,045 catechumens; 15,645 Protestants; 3,995 Muslims, besides 679,000 pagans; 4 indigenous priests, 59 foreign priests of the White Fathers with 10 lay brothers; 5 foreign Jesuit priests with 7 scholastics and 2 lay brothers; 21 Marist lay brothers with a novitiate and 10 novices; 21 indigenous lay brothers; 28 indigenous sisters with 1 novitiate and 15 novices; 64 foreign sisters; 21 major seminarians educated at the regional seminary of Nyakibanda (Ruanda [v.]); 1 minor seminary with 93 students; 317 catechists and 627 teachers; 16 principal mission stations and 399 secondary ones; 17 churches and 203 chapels; 4 hospitals with 288 beds; 9 dispensaries with 451,537 consultations annually; 3 leper hospitals with 110 residents; 3 maternity centers and numerous other welfare works for mothers and children; 1 printing press with 3 periodicals that have a total circulation of 16,500 copies. In 1949 there were 2,066 adult baptisms. The total number of schools (359) and pupils (36,627) is also noteworthy. Catholic Action associations and lay charitable organizations, as well as confraternities, are flourishing.