SCOTTON, BROTHERS. – All three were priests and polemicists who, from their residence in Breganze, conducted for over thirty years clamorous polemics in defence of the rights of the Holy See against the errors of the time.
JACOPO, b. in Bassano on 3 Sept. 1834, d. in Venice on 17 Jan. 1909. Ordained priest in 1857, a celebrated preacher, he left the pulpit when, together with his brothers, he turned to journalism (1890).
ANDREA, b. in Bassano on 2 March 1838, d. in Breganze on 27 Nov. 1915. Ordained priest in 1860, in 1863 he began teaching religion at the gymnasium in Vicenza. Later he too took up preaching. In 1881 he was elected archpriest of Breganze (Vicenza). He published about forty works, including four books of apologetics.
GOTTARDO, b. in Bassano on 23 June 1845, d. in Padua on 9 March 1916. Ordained priest in 1869, he too was an applauded orator. Among his publications, notable is a *Life of Jesus Christ*.
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SCOTLAND
Cheviot, which mark the traditional boundary with England.
On a surface area of 77,170 sq. km., Scotland has 5,200,000 inhabitants (67 per sq. km.; but with local variations from 3 in the extreme north to 450–550 in industrial districts), whose strong individuality has lost nothing from union with neighbouring England.
In contrast to the modest importance of agriculture (cereals, potatoes, and forage) and the more notable role of livestock farming (cattle), Scotland’s industrial and commercial development stands out, being likewise concentrated in the central lowlands, favoured by the abundance of raw materials (coal and iron), proximity to the sea, and the accessibility of the coasts. This also explains the high degree of urban concentration (70%) of the population and the fact that the largest centres are all maritime ports, with the exception of the capital, Edinburgh (490,000 inhabitants), which, moreover, is not far from the sea. Glasgow (1 million inhabitants), the third city of the United Kingdom by population, is the metropolis of Scotland’s economy, while Edinburgh is that of its culture. Aberdeen (190,000 inhabitants) and Dundee (180,000) lie on the more favoured and more populous eastern flank of the Grampians.
II. HISTORY
The occupation of Scotland, repeatedly attempted by the Romans, was always temporary and of a military character, so that Roman civilisation remained for centuries foreign to the customs and traditions of the native tribes. In the 7th century Scotland was divided into five kingdoms: the Picts of Caledonia, the Scots of Dalriada, the Britons of Strathclyde, the Picts of Galloway; Lothian formed part of the English kingdom of Northumbria.In 1890 the three brothers began editing the weekly *La Riscossa per la Chiesa e per la patria*, which commenced publication on 17 Aug. 1890 and ceased on 8 Jan. 1916. The thought of the S. brothers is gathered and expounded in the little work: *Il sincero cristiano e i suoi doveri verso Gesù Cristo, la Chiesa e lo Stato, operetta dei fratelli sacerdoti Jacopo, Andrea, Gottardo S.* (3rd ed., Breganze 1900). In their later years, in particular, they became champions of an integralism that they opposed to the alleged episcopate and its adversaries; they bitterly fought what they presented as modernism, though this was often nothing more than sound progress in studies and research methods.