David going with the Philistines is sent back by their princes.
Dauid going with the Philistijms towards the warre, 4. the princes vrge and force the king to send him back.
1Now all the troops of the Philistines were gathered together to Aphec: and Israel also encamped by the fountain, which is in Jezrahel.Or tutte quante le schiere de' Filistei si unirono insieme in Aphec: e Israele pose il campo presso alla fontana, che era a Jezrahel.THEREFORE al the companies of the Philistijms were gathered together into Aphec: and Israel also camped vpon the fountaine, which was in Iezrahel.Congregata sunt ergo Philisthiim universa agmina in Aphec: sed et Israël castrametatus est super fontem qui erat in Jezrahel. 2And the lords of the Philistines marched with their hundreds and their thousands: but David and his men were in the rear with Achis.E i satrapi de' Filistei andavano colle loro squadre di cento, e mille uomini: ma David, e la sua gente erano nella retroguardia con Achis.And the princes in dede of the Philistijms marched in hundreds and thousandes: but Dauid and his men were in the last companie with Achis.Et satrapæ quidem Philisthiim incedebant in centuriis et millibus: David autem et viri ejus erant in novissimo agmine cum Achis. 3And the princes of the Philistines said to Achis: What mean these Hebrews? And Achis said to the princes of the Philistines: Do you not know David who was the servant of Saul, the king of Israel, and hath been with me many days, or years, and I have found no fault in him, since the day that he fled over to me until this day?E i principi de' Filistei dissero ad Achis: Che fan qui questi Ebrei? E Achis disse a' principi de' Filistei: Non conoscete voi David, il quale era servo di Saul re d'Israele, e sta presso di me da molti dì, o piuttosto anni, e non ho avuto da dolermi di lui dal giorno, in cui si rifuggì presso di me sino a quest'ora?And the princes of the Philistijms sayd to Achis: What meane these Hebrewes? And Achis sayd to the princes of the Philistijms: Doe you not knowe Dauid, which was the seruant of Saul the king of Israel, and is with me manie daies, or yeares, and I haue not found any thing in him, since the day that he fled to me, vntil this day?Dixeruntque principes Philisthiim ad Achis: Quid sibi volunt Hebræi isti ? Et ait Achis ad principes Philisthiim: Num ignoratis David, qui fuit servus Saul regis Israël, et est apud me multis diebus, vel annis, et non inveni in eo quidquam ex die qua transfugit ad me usque ad diem hanc ? 4But the princes of the Philistines were angry with him, and they said to him: Let this man return, and abide in his place, which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest he be an adversary to us, when we shall begin to fight: for how can he otherwise appease his master, but with our heads?Ma i principi de' Filistei si sdegnarono contro di lui, e gli dissero: Torni addietro costui, e se ne stia nel luogo da te assegnatogli, e non venga con noi alla battaglia, affinchè non ci si rivolti contro quando avrem cominciata la zuffa: imperocché come potrebb'egli altrimenti racquistar la grazia del signor suo se non a spese delle nostre teste?But the princes of the Philistijms were angrie against him, and sayd to him: Let this man returne, and abide in his place, wherein thou hast appointed him, and let him not goe downe with vs into battel, lest he become an aduersarie to vs, when we shal beginne to fight: for how can he otherwise pacifie his lord, but in our heades?Irati sunt autem adversus eum principes Philisthiim, et dixerunt ei: Revertatur vir iste, et sedeat in loco suo in quo constituisti eum, et non descendat nobiscum in prælium, ne fiat nobis adversarius, cum præliari cœperimus: quomodo enim aliter poterit placare dominum suum, nisi in capitibus nostris ?
5Is not this David, to whom they sung in their dances, saying: Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands?Non è egli costui quel Davidde, di cui cantavasi in mezzo alle danze: Saul ne ha uccisi mille, e David dieci mila?Is not this Dauid, to whom they sang in dances, saying: Saul hath strooke his thousandes, & Dauid his ten thousandes?Nonne iste est David, cui cantabant in choris, dicentes: Percussit Saul in millibus suis, / et David in decem millibus suis ? 6Then Achis called David, and said to him: As the Lord liveth, thou art upright and good in my sight: and so is thy going out, and thy coming in with me in the army: and I have not found any evil in thee, since the day that thou camest to me unto this day: but thou pleasest not the lords.Achis pertanto chiamò a se David, e gli disse: Viva il Signore: Tu se' uomo retto, e dabbene negli occhi miei: e tu andavi, e venivi nel mio campo senza che io abbia trovato in te alcun difetto dal giorno, in cui venisti a me sino a questo giorno: ma i satrapi non ti gradiscono.Achis therefore called Dauid, and sayd to him: The Lord liueth, thou art iust, and good in my sight: and thy going out, & thy coming in is with me in the campe: and I haue not found in thee anie euil, since the day that thou camest to me vntil this day: but thou pleasest not the nobles.Vocavit ergo Achis David, et ait ei: Vivit Dominus, quia rectus es tu, et bonus in conspectu meo: et exitus tuus, et introitus tuus mecum est in castris: et non inveni in te quidquam mali ex die qua venisti ad me usque in diem hanc: sed satrapis non places. 7Return therefore, and go in peace, and offend not the eyes of the princes of the Philistines.Torna adunque indietro, e vattene in pace, e non disgustare i satrapi dei Filistei.Returne therefore, and goe in peace, and offend not the eies of the princes of the Philistijms.Revertere ergo, et vade in pace, et non offendas oculos satraparum Philisthiim. 8And David said to Achis: But what have I done, or what hast thou found in me thy servant, from the day that I have been in thy sight until this day, that I may not go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king?E David disse ad Achis: ma e che ho fatt'io, e che hai tu trovato in me tuo servo dal giorno ch'io mi presentai al tuo cospetto sino a questo dì, onde non debba venire, e non debba combattere contro i nemici del re signor mio?And Dauid sayd to Achis: For what haue I done, and what hast thou found in me thy seruant, since the day that I haue beene in thy sight, vntil this day, that I may not come, and fight against the enemies of my lord the King?Dixitque David ad Achis: Quid enim feci, et quid invenisti in me servo tuo, a die qua fui in conspectu tuo usque in diem hanc, ut non veniam et pugnem contra inimicos domini mei regis ?
9And Achis answering, said to David: I know that thou art good in my sight, as an angel of God: But the princes of the Philistines have said: He shall not go up with us to the battle.Ma Achis rispose, e disse a David: Io confesso, che tu sei buono negli occhi miei, come un Angelo di Dio: ma i satrapi de' Filistei hanno detto: Egli non verrà con noi alla battaglia.And Achis answering spake to Dauid: I know that thou art good in my sight, as an Angel of God: but the princes of the Philistijms haue sayd: He shal not goe vp with vs into battel.Respondens autem Achis, locutus est ad David: Scio quia bonus es tu in oculis meis, sicut angelus Dei: sed principes Philisthinorum dixerunt: Non ascendet nobiscum in prælium. 10Therefore arise in the morning, thou, and the servants of thy lord, who came with thee: and when you are up before day, and it shall begin to be light, go on your way.Per la qual cosa ai calici i buon'or a tu, ed i servi del tuo signore, che son venuti con te: e alzati che sarete prima che finisca la notte, andatevene, quando comincerà a schiarirsi il giorno.Therefore arise in the morning, thou, and the seruantes of thy lord, which came with thee: and when you are risen in the night, and it shal beginne to waxe light, goe foreward.Igitur consurge mane tu, et servi domini tui qui venerunt tecum: et cum de nocte surrexeritis, et cœperit dilucescere, pergite. 11So David and his men arose in the night, that they might set forward in the morning, and returned to the land of the Philistines: and the Philistines went up to Jezrahel.David pertanto si levò che era ancor notte, colla sua gente per partire al mattino, e tornare nel paese de' Filistei: e i Filistei andarono a Jezrahel.Dauid therefore arose in the night, he and his men, that they might sette foreward in the morning, and returne to the land of the Philistijms: and the Philistijms went vp into Iezrahel.Surrexit itaque de nocte David, ipse et viri ejus, ut proficiscerentur mane, et reverterentur ad terram Philisthiim: Philisthiim autem ascenderunt in Jezrahel.
29:1
Year of the World 2947.
Calmet
Aphec. Hence they proceeded to Sunam, and attacked Saul, near the fountain, which were all places in the vale of Jezrahel. The sacred writer thus leaves the two armies ready to engage, being intent on giving the particulars of David's history, and only relating the affairs of Saul, etc., in as much as they may refer to him. (Calmet)
Salien
David had retired from the army of the Philistines before Saul went to Endor, and some of the tribe of Manasses went after him, and were present in the battle, in which the Amalecites were slain and plundered, 1 Paralipomenon 12:19. (Salien)
29:2
Thousands, making the troops pass in review, as the Hebrew insinuates. Their army seems to have been divided, in the same manner as that of the Israelites, each company of 10, 50, etc., having its respective officer, under the five lords.
Calmet
Were. Hebrew, "passed." David's band was connected with the troops of Achis, yet so that they might be easily distinguished by their dress, etc. (Calmet)
Menochius
The Roman Triarii, who were esteemed the bravest soldiers, occupied the rear. (Menochius)
29:3
Haydock
Know David. It seems they were not unacquainted with him, since they knew that Achis had given him a place, (ver. 4,) or city. (Haydock)
Calmet
But they prudently judged that it would be very hazardous to employ him on this occasion. Providence thus brought him honourably out of the scrape, as he could not have remained even inactive, among the troops of the Philistines, without rendering himself suspected both to them and to his own people. (Calmet)
Menochius
Years. Abulensis thinks that Achis told an untruth, to persuade the lords that he had been long witness of David's fidelity. He might also allude to the first time, when he came to his court, or the four months specified [in] 1 Kings 27:9, might fall into different years. Septuagint, "he has been with us days, this is the second year." (Menochius)
Calmet
Syriac, "two years (Arabic, "one year," and some months." (Calmet)
Worthington
The true term was only four months. (Worthington)
29:4
Calmet
Adversary. Hebrew Satan, "a calumniator, enemy," etc. (Calmet)
Tacitus (Hist. iv.) speaking of the Batavian corps, says, "which, being bribed, pretended to be faithful, that it might flee, and become more acceptable after it had betrayed the Romans in the heat of the engagement."
29:6
Haydock
Lord. Hebrew Jehova. (Haydock)
Salien
Achis speaks of the true God, as David was accustomed to do. (Salien)
Perhaps he adored him, like his other gods; as the Israelites are accused of swearing by the Lord and by Melchom, Sophonias 1:5.
Calmet
The pagans often appealed to the gods of those with whom they were treating. (Calmet)
29:8
Menochius
King. He speaks thus that he might not increase the suspicions of the Philistines. (Menochius)
Salien
In the mean time, God called him to fight against Amalec, and to defend his own property, which was actually, or the next day, taken from Siceleg; (Haydock) so that nothing could have been more desirable to him, than to be thus dismissed with applause. (Salien)
29:9
29:10
Haydock
Thy Lord. He may allude to Saul, (ver. 3,) or to himself, (chap. 5:8,) or to God, as David was under obligations to all three. (Haydock)
Menochius
Light, that none might know or be dejected, in the rest of the army. (Menochius)
29:3
He speaketh by amplification to make his fact seme more reasonable: whereas the time of Dauids abode with him was but foute monethes. ch. 27. v. 7.
29:3
3. AND HE HATH BEEN WITH ME MANY DAYS OR YEARS. — In Hebrew, already days or already years, that is some days, or rather some years. Whence Lyran, Pagninus and the Innovators think David remained with Achis for several years. The Septuagint favors this, which translates, he remained with us days, many namely, for this is now the second year. Secondly, Vatable and R. David thus explain it: He was with me many days, that is four months, in which he was equally known to me as if he had remained with me for several years. Thirdly, Sanchez thinks Achis here lied, to gain credence with the Philistines: and this Abulensis and Torniellus deem probable. Fourthly, more plainly Salianus responds that Achis looked back to the first sojourn of David, which had begun with him six years before, as was said in chapter 27, or certainly reckoned the end of the year elapsed in which David had come to him, and the beginning of the following or current year, in which he still remained with him.
29:4
4. LET THIS MAN RETURN. — Note here the wonderful providence of God toward his David. For David was here in a case plainly perilous and perplexed, so that he would be forced either to be a traitor to King Achis, if he should fail in battle against Saul and the Hebrews; or to be an enemy to his country and fellow citizens, if he should fight against them. But God cut this knotted difficulty as it were with a sword. For he sent distrust to the Philistines concerning David's loyalty, and fear of the danger which they would undergo, if David in battle should turn his back to his own Hebrews, and turn his weapons against the Philistines, as he had done before. Wherefore they command him to withdraw from the battle and be sent home. Achis did this with great honor and praise of David, as well as of his military prowess and advantage. For David, withdrawing from the battle, pursued the Amalecites, and from them took away the spoils which they had seized from his Siceleg, together with their own rich booty: which if he had remained with Achis, he could not have done.
29:9
9. I KNOW THAT THOU ART GOOD IN MY SIGHT, AS AN ANGEL OF GOD, — as if to say, Thou art supremely pleasing to me, thou dost supremely please me, indeed I venerate thee as an Angel of God. It is a comparison and a Hebrew phrase, which they use when they wish to praise and exalt someone greatly. Thus Jacob, in order to soften his brother Esau who was hostile to him, flatters him saying: "I have seen thy face as if I had seen the face of God," Genesis xxxiii, 10. And the woman of Thecua, supplicating David for Absalom, says: "As an Angel of the Lord, so is my lord the king," II Kings xiv, 17.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
29:1
Aphec (Hebrew 'Āphīq or 'Āphēq, "Fortress" or "Watercourse")
… It could instead be identified with the A. of I Sam. 29:1 (cf. below at no. 4).
Saul (Heb. Šāʾūl "Obtained with Prayer")
… who evoked the shade of Samuel, who predicted the defeat (ibid. 28, 8-23). The next day Israel was routed by the Philistines at Aphek on Gilboa, and with many others 3 sons of S. fell (Jonathan, Abinadab, Malchishua); S. threw himself upon his spear (ibid. 29, 1; 31, 1-13). David mourned him greatly (II Sam. 1, 1-27). Another son of S., Ish-bosheth (v.), supported by Abner, would later reign two years over Israel.
29:4
… "aggression" [Num. 22:32]) and "slanderer." In the Septuagint it corresponds to šāṭān (1 Chron. 21:1; Job 1:6-12; 2:1-7; Ps. 108:6; Zech. 3:1-2) designating the adversary of God's servants; but when šāṭān, without the article, indicates a human enemy (1 Sam. 29:4; 2 Sam. 19:22; 1 Kings 5:4 [Heb. 18], and cf. 11:14, 23, 25), it is translated ἐπίβουλος "plotter." Διάβολος translates šār and šōrēr ("enemy": Haman) in Esth. 7:4 and 8:1. While …
Gen. 26:21, "accusation" Ezra 4:6) occurs in the Hebrew Bible nine times as a common noun: "adversary" in war (1 Sam. 29:4; 1 Kings 5:18; 11:14, 23, 25) or in court (Ps. 108:6) or one who bars the way: 2 Sam. 19:23; cf. Matt. 16:23 and Matt. 8:33: Jesus rebuffs Peter who obstructs his path to the cross; …
29:11
Jezreel ("God sows", an allusion to the fertility of its soil)
Before the battle of Gilboa, King Saul encamped with his army "at the spring near I.," while the Philistines drew up at Shunem in the region of I. (I Sam. 29:11; II Sam. 4:4). Chosen as a second capital by the family of Omri (v.), King Ahab built himself a palace to the east of the city, adjoining a vineyard whose owner, Naboth, having refused …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.