Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament 28

St Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430) · Sermones de Scripturis · PL 38, 332–799

28.0 On the words of the Gospel, Matt. xvii. 1, ‘After six days Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother,’ etc PL 38, 490

[LXXVIII. Ben.]

On the words of the Gospel, Matt. xvii. 1, “After six days Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother,” etc.

28.1 On the words of the Gospel, Matt. xvii. 1, ‘After six days Jesus taketh with Him Peter, and James, and John his brother,’ etc PL 38, 490

1. We must now look into and treat of that vision which the Lord showed on the mount. For it is this of which He had said, “Verily I say unto you, there be some standing here which shall not taste of death till they see the Son of Man in His Kingdom.” Then began the passage which has just been read. “When He had said this, after six days He took three disciples, Peter, and James, and John, and went up into a mountain.” These three were those “some,” of whom He had said, “There be some here which shall not taste of death, till they see the Son of Man in His kingdom.” There is no small difficulty here. For that mount was not the whole extent of His kingdom. What is a mountain to Him who possesseth the heavens? Which we not only read He doth, but in some sort see it with the eyes of the heart. He calleth that His kingdom, which in many places He calleth the “kingdom of heaven.” Now the kingdom of heaven is the kingdom of the saints. “For the heavens declare the glory of God.” And of these heavens it is immediately said in the Psalm, “There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. Their sound is gone out through all the earth, and their words unto the end of the world.” Whose words, but of the heavens? And of the Apostles, and all faithful preachers of the word of God. These heavens therefore shall reign together with Him who made the heavens. Now consider what was done, that this might be made manifest.

Regnum Christi. Inspicienda nobis et tractanda est, charissimi, visio ista, quam Dominus demonstravit in monte. Ipsa est enim de qua dixerat: Amen dico vobis, quia sunt hic quidam de circumstantibus, qui non gustabunt mortem, donec videant Filium hominis in regno suo . Inde coepit lectio quae recitata est. Dum hoc dixisset, post dies sex assumpsit tres discipulos, Petrum, Joannem et Jacobum, et ascendit in montem. Ipsi tres erant quidam de quibus dixerat, Sunt hic quidam qui non gustabunt mortem, donec videant Filium hominis in regno suo. Non parva quaestio est. Neque enim ille mons, regnum erat comprehensum. Quid est mons ei qui possidet coelum? Quod non solum legimus, sed etiam oculis cordis quodam modo videmus. Regnum suum dicit, quod multis locis appellat regnum coelorum. Regnum autem coelorum est regnum sanctorum. Coeli enim enarrant gloriam Dei. De quibus coelis dictum est continuo in Psalmo, Non sunt loquelae neque sermones, quorum non audiantur voces eorum. In omnem terram exiit sonus eorum, et in fines orbis terrae verba eorum . Quorum, nisi coelorum? Ergo Apostolorum, et omnium verbi Dei fidelium praedicatorum. Regnabunt coeli cum eo qui fecit coelos. Hoc ut ostenderetur, videte quid factum est.

28.2 PL 38, 490

2. The Lord Jesus Himself shone bright as the sun; His raiment became white as the snow; and Moses and Elias talked with Him. Jesus Himself indeed shone as the sun, signifying that “He is the light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world.” What this sun is to the eyes of the flesh, that is He to the eyes of the heart; and what that is to the flesh of men, that is He to their hearts. Now His raiment is His Church. For if the raiment be not held together by him who puts it on, it will fall off. Of this raiment, Paul was as it were a sort of last border. For he says himself, “I am the least of the Apostles.” And in another place, “I am the last of the Apostles.” Now in a garment the border is the last and least part. Wherefore as that woman which suffered from an issue of blood, when she had touched the Lord’s border was made whole, so the Church which came from out of the Gentiles, was made whole by the preaching of Paul. What wonder if the Church is signified by white raiment, when you hear the Prophet Isaiah saying, “Though your sins be as scarlet, I will make them white as snow”? Moses and Elias, that is, the Law and the Prophets, what avail they, except they converse with the Lord? Except they give witness to the Lord, who would read the Law or the Prophets? Mark how briefly the Apostle expresses this; “For by the Law is the knowledge of sin; but now the righteousness of God without the Law is manifested:” behold the sun; “being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets,” behold the shining of the Sun.

Dominicae transfigurationis allegoria. Vestimenta Christi. Dominus ipse Jesus resplenduit sicut sol; vestimenta ejus facta sunt candida sicut nix: et loquebantur cum eo Moyses et Elias. Ipse Jesus quidem, ipse splenduit sicut sol, se lumen esse significans quod illuminat omnem hominem venientem in hunc mundum . Quod est iste sol oculis carnis, hoc ille oculis cordis: et quod iste carnibus, hoc ille cordibus. Vestimenta autem ejus, Ecclesia ejus. Vestimenta enim nisi ab induto contineantur, cadunt. Horum vestimentorum quaedam quasi novissima fimbria Paulus fuit. Ipse enim dicit, Ego enim sum minimus Apostolorum : et alio loco, Ego sum novissimus Apostolorum. In vestimento autem fimbria est novissima et minima. Proinde sicut illa mulier quae sanguinis fluxum patiebatur, tacta Domini fimbria, salva facta est : sic Ecclesia quae ex Gentibus venit, Paulo praedicante salvata est. Quid mirum si per candida vestimenta signatur Ecclesia, cum audiatis Isaiam prophetam dicentem, Et si fuerint peccata vestra sicut phoenicium, tanquam nivem dealbabo ? Moyses et Elias, id est, Lex et Prophetae quid valent, nisi cum Domino colloquantur? Nisi Domino perhibeant testimonium, quis leget Legem? quis Prophetas? Videte quam breviter hoc Apostolus ait: Per Legem enim cognitio peccati: nunc autem sine Lege, justitia Dei manifestata est; ecce sol: testificata a Lege et Prophetis ; ecce splendor.

28.3 PL 38, 491

3. Peter sees this, and as a man savouring the things of men says, “Lord, it is good for us to be here.” He had been wearied with the multitude, he had found now the mountain’s solitude; there he had Christ the Bread of the soul. What! should he depart thence again to travail and pains, possessed of a holy love to Godward, and thereby of a good conversation? He wished well for himself; and so he added, “If Thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles; one for Thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias.” To this the Lord made no answer; but notwithstanding Peter was answered. “For while he yet spake, a bright cloud came, and overshadowed them.” He desired three tabernacles; the heavenly answer showed him that we have One, which human judgment desired to divide. Christ, the Word of God, the Word of God in the Law, the Word in the Prophets. Why, Peter, dost thou seek to divide them? It were more fitting for thee to join them. Thou seekest three; understand that they are but One.

Petri votum. Videt hoc Petrus, et humana sapiens tanquam homo: Domine, bonum est, inquit, nos hic esse. Taedium patiebatur a turba, invenerat solitudinem montis; ibi habebat Christum panem mentis. Utquid inde discederet ad labores et dolores, habens in Deum sanctos amores, et ideo bonos mores? Bene sibi volebat esse: unde et adjunxit, Si vis, faciamus hic tria tabernacula: tibi unum, Moysi unum, et Eliae unum. Ad haec Dominus nihil respondit: sed tamen Petro responsum est. Haec enim eo loquente, nubes lucida venit, et obumbravit eos. Ille quaerebat tria tabernacula: nobis unum esse, quod humanus sensus dividere cupiebat, responsum coeleste monstravit. Verbum Dei Christus, Verbum Dei in Lege, Verbum in Prophetis. Quid, Petre, quaeris dividere? Magis te oportet adjungere. Tria quaeris: intellige et unum.

28.4 PL 38, 491

4. As the cloud then overshadowed them, and in a way made one tabernacle for them, “a voice also sounded out of the cloud, which said, This is My beloved Son.” Moses was there; Elias was there; yet it was not said, “These are My beloved sons.” For the Only Son is one thing; adopted sons another. He was singled out in whom the Law and the prophets glorified. “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear Him!” Because ye have heard Him in the Prophets, and ye have heard Him in the Law. And where have ye not heard Him? “When they heard this, they fell” to the earth. See then in the Church is exhibited to us the Kingdom of God. Here is the Lord, here the Law and the Prophets; but the Lord as the Lord; the Law in Moses, Prophecy in Elias; only they as servants and as ministers. They as vessels: He as the fountain: Moses and the Prophets spake, and wrote; but when they poured out, they were filled from Him.

Vox ae nube. Prostratio discipulorum. Nube ergo obumbrante omnes, et quodam modo eis faciente unum tabernaculum, sonuit et vox de nube dicens: Hic est Filius meus dilectus. Ibi erat Moyses, ibi Elias: non est dictum, Hi sunt filii mei dilecti. Aliud est enim Unicus, aliud adoptati. Ille commendabatur, unde Lex et prophetae gloriabantur. Hic est, inquit, Filius meus dilectus, in quo mihi bene complacui; ipsum audite. Quia et in Prophetis ipsum audistis, et in Lege ipsum audistis. Et ubi non ipsum audistis? Hoc audito, illi ceciderunt in terram. Jam demonstratur nobis, in Ecclesia regnum Dei. Hic Dominus, hic Lex et Prophetae: sed Dominus tanquam Dominus: Lex in Moyse, Prophetia in Elia; sed ipsi tanquam servi, tanquam ministri. Ipsi tanquam vasa: ipse tanquam fons. Moyses et Prophetae dicebant et scribebant: sed de illo implebantur quando fundebant.

28.5 PL 38, 491

5. But the Lord stretched out His hand, and raised them as they lay. And then “they saw no man, save Jesus only.” What does this mean? When the Apostle was being read, you heard, “For now we see through a glass darkly, but then face to face.” And “tongues shall cease,” when that which we now hope for and believe shall come. In then that they fell to the earth, they signified that we die, for it was said to the flesh, “Earth thou art, and unto earth shalt thou return.” But when the Lord raised them up, He signified the resurrection. After the resurrection, what is the Law to thee? what Prophecy? Therefore neither Moses nor Elias is seen. He only remaineth to thee, “Who in the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” He remaineth to thee, “that God may be all in all.” Moses will be there; but now no more the Law. We shall see Elias there too; but now no more the Prophet. For the Law and the Prophets have only given witness to Christ, that it behoved Him to suffer, and to rise again from the dead the third day, and to enter into His glory. And in this glory is fulfilled what He hath promised to them that love Him, “He that loveth Me shall be loved of My Father, and I will love him.” And as if it were said, What wilt Thou give him, seeing Thou wilt love him? “And I will manifest Myself unto him.” Great gift! great promise! God doth not reserve for thee as a reward anything of His own, but Himself. O thou covetous one; why doth not what Christ promiseth suffice thee? Thou dost seem to thyself to be rich; yet if thou have not God, what hast thou? Another is poor, yet if he hath God, what hath he not?

Discipulorum erectio. Solus Jesus erectis iis videtur. Praemium nobis promissum ipse Deus. Dominus autem porrexit manum, et excitavit jacentes. Deinde neminem viderunt, nisi solum Jesum. Quid sibi hoc vult? Audistis, cum Apostolus legeretur, quia videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem. Et linguae evacuabuntur, quando venerit illud quod modo speramus et credimus . Quod illi ergo ad terram ceciderunt, hoc significaverunt, quod morimur: quia dictum est carni, Terra es, et in terram ibis . Quando vero eos Dominus erexit, resurrectionem significavit. Post resurrectionem utquid tibi Lex? utquid tibi Prophetia? Ideo non apparet Elias, non apparet Moyses. Remanet tibi, In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum . Remanet tibi, ut sit Deus omnia in omnibus . Ibi erit Moyses; sed jam non Lex. Videbimus ibi et Eliam; sed jam non prophetam. Lex enim et Prophetae testimonium perhibuerunt Christo, quia oporteret eum pati, et die tertia resurgere a mortuis, et intrare in gloriam suam . Ubi completur illud quod suis dilectoribus repromisit: Qui diligit me, diligetur a Patre meo, et ego diligam eum. Et quasi diceretur, Quia diliges eum, quid illi dabis? Et ostendam me ipsum illi . Magnum donum, magna promissio. Non tibi servat Deus praemium aliquod suum: sed se ipsum. Avare, quare tibi non sufficit quod Christus promittit? Tu dives tibi videris; et si Deum non habes, quid habes? alter pauper; et si Deum habet, quid non habet?

28.6 PL 38, 492

6. Come down, Peter: thou wast desiring to rest on the mount; come down, “preach the word, be instant in season, out of season, reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.” Endure, labour hard, bear thy measure of torture; that thou mayest possess what is meant by the white raiment of the Lord, through the brightness and the beauty of an upright labouring in charity. For when the Apostle was being read we heard in praise of charity, “She seeketh not her own. She seeketh not her own;” since she gives what she possesses. In another place there is more danger in the expression, if you do not understand it right. For the Apostle, charging the faithful members of Christ after this rule of charity, says, “Let no man seek his own, but another’s.” For on hearing this, covetousness is ready with its deceits, that in a matter of business under pretence of seeking another’s, it may defraud a man, and so, “seek not his own, but another’s.” But let covetousness restrain itself, let justice come forth; so let us hear and understand. It is to charity that it is said, “Let no man seek his own, but another’s.” Now, O thou covetous one, if thou wilt still resist, and twist the precept rather to this point, that thou shouldest covet what is another’s; then lose what is thine own. But as I know thee well, thou dost wish to have both thine own and another’s. Thou wilt commit fraud that thou mayest have what is another’s; submit then to robbery that thou mayest lose thine own. Thou dost not wish to seek thine own, but then thou takest away what is another’s. Now this if thou do, thou doest not well. Hear and listen, thou covetous one: the Apostle explains to thee in another place more clearly this that he said, “Let no man seek his own, but another’s.” He says of himself, “Not seeking mine own profit, but the profit of many, that they may be saved.” This Peter understood not yet when he desired to live on the mount with Christ. He was reserving this for thee, Peter, after death. But now He saith Himself, “Come down, to labour in the earth; in the earth to serve, to be despised, and crucified in the earth. The Life came down, that He might be slain; the Bread came down, that He might hunger; the Way came down, that life might be wearied in the way; the Fountain came down, that He might thirst; and dost thou refuse to labour? ‘Seek not thine own.’ Have charity, preach the truth; so shall thou come to eternity, where thou shalt find security.”

Aliorum curanda salus ex charitate. Descende, Petre: requiescere cupiebas in monte, descende, praedica verbum, insta opportune, importune, argue, hortare, increpa, cum omni longanimitate et doctrina . Labora, desuda, patere aliqua tormenta: ut quod in candidis vestimentis Domini intelligitur, per candorem et pulchritudinem rectae operationis in charitate possideas. In laude enim charitatis, cum Apostolus legeretur, audivimus, Non quaerit quae sua sunt . Non quaerit quae sua sunt; quoniam donat quae possidet. Alio loco periculosius dictum est, si non intellexeris. Secundum enim ipsam charitatem praecipiens Apostolus fidelibus membris Christi, ait: Nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius est. Avaritia namque hoc audito, fraudes parat, ut in negotio quasi alienum quaerens, aliquem circumveniat, et quaerat non suum, sed alienum. Compescat se avaritia, procedat justitia: audiamus, et intelligamus. Charitati dictum est, Nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius. Verum tu, avare, si resistas, et magis ad hoc praeceptum redigis, ut alienum concupiscas; perde tuum. Sed quomodo te novi, habere vis et tuum et alienum. Fraudem facis, ut habeas alienum: furtum patere, ut perdas tuum, Non vis quaerere tuum, sed tollis alienum. Quod si facis, non facis bene. Audi, o avare, ausculta: Apostolus tibi alio loco apertius exponit hoc quod dixit, Nemo quod suum est quaerat, sed quod alterius. Ait de se ipso: Ego autem non quaerens quod mihi utile est, sed quod multis, ut salvi sint . Hoc Petrus nondum intelligebat, quando in monte vivere cum Christo desiderabat. Servabat tibi hoc, Petre, post mortem. Nunc autem ipse dicit: Descende laborare in terra, servire in terra, contemni, crucifigi in terra. Descendit vita, ut occideretur; descendit panis, ut esuriret; descendit via, ut in itinere lassaretur; descendit fons, ut sitiret: et tu recusas laborare? Noli tua quaerere. Habe charitatem, praedica veritatem: tunc pervenies ad aeternitatem, ubi invenies securitatem.

Philip Schaff (ed.), Buffalo/New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886-1889. Public domain: English translation first published 1885-1900 (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series). Latin: Migne, Patrologia Latina (1844-1855), public domain; transcription from Corpus Corporum (University of Zurich).

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