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Placare Christe ServulisVol. IX, p. 962 "PLACARE CHRISTE SERVULIS". – Hymn of Vespers for the feast of All Saints, by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts as early as the 10th century. It…
Place, Charles-PhilippeVol. IX, p. 962 PLACE, CHARLES-PHILIPPE. - Cardinal, born Feb. 14, 1814 in Paris, died March 5, 1893 in Rennes. (fot. Geb. fot. una.) PIZZOLO, NICCOLÒ - Madonna in trono fra…
PlacetVol. IX, p. 963 PLACET (REGIO): v. EXEQUATUR E PLACET.
Placid, Eutychius and Companions, Saints, Martyrs(PLACIDO, EUTICHIO E CONSOCI, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. IX, p. 963 PLACIDO, EUTICHIO and COMPANIONS, saints, martyrs. - They probably perished in the Diocletian persecution (303–13). The Martyrologium Hieronymianum…
Placid, Saint(PLACIDO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 963 PLACIDO, saint. — Disciple of St. Benedict. His sole biographical source is the Dialogues of St. Gregory the Great (II, 3–7: PL 66, 140–46; critical edition by…
Plagues of Egypt(PIAGHE DI EGITTO)Vol. IX, p. 796 PLAGUES OF EGYPT. – Punitive wonders wrought by God through Moses and Aaron in Egypt following Pharaoh’s repeated refusals to set the people of Israel free.…
Plain Chant Music(PLAIN CHANT MUSICAL)Vol. IX, p. 963 PLAIN CHANT MUSICAL. - In 1669 Henri Du Mont published five masses that became universally famous. It seems that he was also the inventor of the term used to…
Planck, Gottlieb JakobVol. IX, p. 963 PLANCK, GOTTLIEB JAKOB. - Lutheran theologian, b. 15 Nov. 1751 at Nürtingen in Württemberg, d. at Göttingen on 31 Aug. 1833. He was an eminent figure both in…
Planck, MaxVol. IX, p. 963 MAX PLANCK. - Thinker and scientist, born in Kiel on 23 April 1858, died in Göttingen on 4 October 1947. (from J. Demers, Oud nederlandsche Kunstmakers in…
Planet (Planeta, Casula, Amphibolus)(PIANETA (PLANETA, CASULA, AMPHIBOLUS))Vol. IX, p. 798 PLANETA (Planeta, casula, amphibolus). - An ecclesiastical vestment proper to priests in the celebration of Mass. At present, for two or three centuries, it…
Planets(PIANETI)Vol. IX, p. 800 PIANETI: v. ASTRALI DIVINITÀ.
Planning And Planism(PIANIFICAZIONE E PIANISMO)Vol. IX, p. 800 PLANNING and PLANNISM. — Planning exists in the economic sphere when, in a nation, the functions of economic life are, for particular reasons, programmed and…
Plant, Cult of the(PIANTA, CULTO DELLA)Vol. IX, p. 801 PLANT, CULT of the. — The sacred value of the p., whether herb or tree, is documented among all peoples, whether the p. forms part of a forest, rises alone in…
Plantin, ChristopheVol. IX, p. 964 PLANTIN, CHRISTOPHE. – One of the most distinguished and active printers of the 16th century, founder of a publishing and printing enterprise that lasted for…
Planudes, MaximosVol. IX, p. 967 PLANUDES, MAXIMOS. - Byzantine theologian and humanist of the 13th-14th centuries, whose deeds were transmitted almost exclusively in his own correspondence.…
Plasencia (Placentin), Diocese of(PLASENCIA (PLACENTIN), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 967 PLASENCIA (PLACENTIN), DIOCESE of. - City and diocese in Spain, whose territory extends not only over the civil province of Cáceres, but also partly over those…
Platina, Bartolomeo Sacchi detto IlVol. IX, p. 967 PLATINA, BARTOLOMEO SACCHI detto il. — Humanist, born at Piadena (from which his name derives), near Cremona, in 1421; died in Rome of the plague on 21…
Plato (ΠΛΆΤΩΝ)(PLATONE (ΠΛΆΤΩΝ))Vol. IX, p. 968 PLATO (Πλάτων). - Greek philosopher of the 5th-4th century B.C., among the greatest thinkers of humanity. SUMMARY: I. Life. - II. Works: authenticity and…
Plato Levšin(PLATONE LEVŠIN)Vol. IX, p. 973 PLATONE LEVŠIN. — In the world Pietro Georgievič Levšin, metropolitan of Moscow, famous as a preacher, writer, and ecclesiastical administrator, b. at…
PlatoniaVol. IX, p. 973 PLATONIA. - From platoma or platomum: a marble slab. The term is found used in the Liber Pontificalis, in the biography of Liberio, of whom it is said that «…
Platonism(PLATONISMO)Vol. IX, p. 973 PLATONISM. - For ancient Greek Platonism, see the entry ACADEMY (I. The Greek Academy). Here the following will be discussed: I. Platonism in the Church…
Pleasure(PIACERE)Vol. IX, p. 795 PIACERE. – In general, in classical usage it indicates the “joy” of the senses when they are satisfied and hence also the physical well-being that derives from…
Plebiscite(PLEBISCITO)Vol. IX, p. 978 PLEBISCITO. — In Roman public law p. denoted a deliberation adopted by the concilia plebis upon the proposal of the tribunes, and therefore distinct from a…
Pledge, Right of(PEGNO, DIRITTO DI)Vol. IX, p. 658 PLEDGE, RIGHT OF. — I. NOTION. — It is the ius in re by which the creditor has a special security over movable property and constitutes one of the legitimate…
Plekhanov, Georgi Valentinovich(PLECHANOV, GEORGI VALENTINOVIČ)Vol. IX, p. 979 PLECHANOV, GEORGI VALENTINOVIČ. — Born in 1856, died on 31 May 1918, one of the most important theorists of Russian Marxism and, more generally, of…
Pleroma (ΠΛΉΡΩΜΑ)Vol. IX, p. 979 PLEROMA (πλήρωμα). - A technical term of the gnosis of Valentino and his adherents (Marco, Tolomeo, Pistis Sophia, etc.). The word, which was also in use…
Pliny the Elder(PLINIO IL VECCHIO)Vol. IX, p. 980 PLINIO IL VECCHIO — P. in his study and depiction of the world according to the author himself. Miniature from the Historia naturalis, cod. Vat. lat. 1956,…
Pliny the Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus)(PLINIO IL GIOVANE (CAIUS PLINIUS CAECILIUS SECUNDUS))Vol. IX, p. 980 PLINIO il GIOVANE (Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus). – The nephew on his sister’s side of the naturalist Plinio il Vecchio (v.), he was born at Como in 62…
Plombières, Congress of(PLOMBIÈRES, CONVEGNO DI)Vol. IX, p. 981 PLOMBIÈRES, CONVEGNO. — The personal policy of Napoleon III, aimed on the one hand at securing the triumph of the principle of nationality in Italy and on the…
Plotinus(PLOTINO)Vol. IX, p. 982 PLOTINO. — Greek philosopher, b. at Lycopolis (Egypt) in 205 A.D. For eleven years a disciple of Ammonius Saccas in Alexandria, he followed the emperor Gordian…
Plumier, CharlesVol. IX, p. 983 PLUMIER, CHARLES. - Minims, naturalist-botanist, b. in Marseille on Apr. 20, 1646, d. at Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) on Nov. 16, 1704. He made his profession…
Plunket, Oliver, Blessed, Martyr(PLUNKET, OLIVER, BEATO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 983 PLUNKET, OLIVER, blessed, martyr. — Of a noble Irish family, born at Loughcrew (County Meath) in 1629, died in London on 11 July 1681. He went to Rome in 1645…
Pluntēria (Πλυντήρια)(PLINTERIE (ΠΛΥΝΤΉΡΙΑ))Vol. IX, p. 981 PLINTERIE (Πλυντήρια). - From πλύνω, “I wash,” a purification festival celebrated—probably on 25 Thargelion (May-June)—in honour of Athena as the second…
Pluralism(PLURALISMO)Vol. IX, p. 984 PLURALISM. - In opposition to monism (v.), it is the doctrine according to which reality is constituted by multiple and diverse beings. Aristotelian philosophy…
Plutarch and Companions, Saints, Martyrs(PLUTARCO E COMPAGNI, SANTI MARTIRI)Vol. IX, p. 985 PLUTARCO and Companions, holy martyrs. — Commemorated together on 28 June, although they did not perish on the same day. The entry in the Martyrologium…
Plutarch of Chaeronea(PLUTARCO DI CHERONEA)Vol. IX, p. 984 PLUTARCO di CHERONEA. – Greek philosopher and historiographer, born at Cheronea (Boeotia) between 46 and 50 A.D. He studied philosophy and mathematics in…
PluteoVol. IX, p. 985 PLUTEUS. - This denotes an element, usually of marble, though sometimes of wood (in Syria), used as an enclosure. The plutei of Traiano (anaglypta Traiani), in…
Plutocracy(PLUTOCRAZIA)Vol. IX, p. 986 PLUTOCRACY. — According to the etymological meaning, p. (from πλοῦτος = “wealth” and κράτος = “power”) signifies the dominion of wealth or of the men who…
Plymouth, Diocese of(PLYMOUTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 986 PLYMOUTH, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in England constituted as an independent entity in 1850; it comprises the counties of Devonshire, Cornwall,…
