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Pobedonostsev, Konstantin Petrovich(POBÉDONOSCEV, KONSTANTINI PETROVIĆ)Vol. IX, p. 988 POBÉDONOSCEV, KONSTANTINI PETROVIĆ. — Russian jurist and statesman, b. in Moscow on 18 Nov. 1827, d. in St Petersburg on 10 March 1907. After completing his…
Poccetti, Bernardino Barbattelli detto Il(POCCETTI, BERNARDINO BARBATELLI, DETTO IL)Vol. IX, p. 988 POCCETTI, BERNARDINO BARBATELLI, detto il. - Painter, also called Bernardino delle Facciate, delle Muse e delle Grottesche, born in Firenze in 1548, died there…
Podestà, Francesco(PODESTI, FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 988 PODESTI, FRANCESCO. - Painter, born in Ancona on 21 March 1800, died in Rome on 10 February 1895. Having moved to Rome at an early age, he was a pupil of…
Podgorica(PODGORITZA)Vol. IX, p. 988 PODGORITZA. — This is ancient “Dioclea” in eastern Illyricum, where in 1873 a large, translucent white glass dish with raised edges was discovered, on which…
Podlachia, Diocese of(PODLACHIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 988 PODLACHIA, DIOCESI di: v. SIEDLCE, DIOCESI di.
Podocataro, LudovicoVol. IX, p. 988 PODOCATARO, LUDOVICO. - Cardinal, physician, papal secretary, born at Nicosia on the Island of Cyprus around 1430 into a noble family, died at Rome on 25 Aug.…
Poe, Edgar AllanVol. IX, p. 989 POE, EDGAR ALLAN. — American poet and narrator, born in Boston on 9 January 1809, died in Baltimore on 7 October 1849. After an unsuccessful attempt at a…
Poggi, GiuseppeVol. IX, p. 993 POGGI, GIUSEPPE. – Born at Piozzano (Piacenza) on 21 Aug. 1761, died at Ruebelle, near Montmorency, on 19 Feb. 1842. Known as the director of the Annali…
Poggio Mirteto, Diocese of(POGGIO MIRTETO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 993 POGGIO MIRTETO, DIOCESI di: v. SABINA, DIOCESI di.
Poggio, GiovanniVol. IX, p. 993 POGGIO, GIOVANNI. - Cardinal, born in Bologna on 21 January 1493 to Cristoforo, secretary to Giovanni II Bentivoglio, and Francesca Quistelli. He was in Spain…
Pogliasca, Giovanni FrancescoVol. IX, p. 993 POGLIASCA, GIOVANNI FRANCESCO. - Man of letters and jurist, born at La Spezia. He died in 1561. He was chaplain to Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, then…
Pohle, JosephVol. IX, p. 993 POHLE, JOSEPH. - Theologian, b. at Niederspay (Coblenza) on 13 March 1852, d. at Breslavia on 21 February 1922. He studied philosophy and theology at the…
PoimandresVol. IX, p. 993 POIMANDRES: v. ERMETICI, LIBRI.
Poincaré, Jules-Henri(POINGARÉ, JULES-HENRY)Vol. IX, p. 993 POINGARÉ, JULES-HENRY. – Mathematician and thinker, born in Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle) on 29 April 1854, died in Paris on 17 July 1912. He taught (1881) in the…
Poincaré, RaymondVol. IX, p. 994 POINCARÉ, RAYMOND. — French politician, born on 20 August 1860 in Bar-le-Duc (Meuse), died on 15 October 1934 in Paris. At the age of 27, in 1887, he was…
Pointe-Noire, Apostolic Vicariate of(POINTE-NOIRE, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 994 POINTE-NOIRE, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — In French Equatorial Africa. It originated from the apostolic vicariate of French Congo, erected on 28 May 1886 with…
Poissy, Colloquy of(POISSY, COLLOQUIO DI)Vol. IX, p. 994 POISSY, COLLOQUIUM of. — The dissensions provoked by Calvinist preaching in the Kingdom of France, and the factions that had arisen from it, especially among…
Poitiers, Diocese of(POITIERS, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 995 POITIERS, DIOCESE of. — City and diocese of the department of Vienne in France; it comprises the two civil departments of Vienne and Deux-Sèvres, with an area…
Polanco, Juan AlonsoVol. IX, p. 997 POLANCO, JUAN ALONSO. - Jesuit, historian, b. at Burgos in 1516, d. at Rome on 21 Dec. 1576. A “Magister artium” at Paris, apostolic secretary at Rome, he…
Poland(POLONIA)Vol. IX, p. 1019 POLAND. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - Poland, as constituted after the Second World War (1945), presents significant differences from the state that existed between 1918…
Poland, Sacred(POLONIA SACRA)Vol. IX, p. 1029 POLONIA SACRA. — Periodical of the Faculty of Theology of the Jagellonian University of Krakow, published since 1948. It deals principally with the…
Polar Regions(TERRE POLARI)Vol. XI, p. 1209 POLAR LANDS. - GEOGRAPHY - This designation refers to the whole of the continental or insular territories extending through the regions near the Poles. While…
Polding, John BedeVol. IX, p. 998 POLDING, JOHN BEDE. – Archbishop of Sydney, born on 18 November 1794 in Liverpool, died on 16 March 1877 in Sydney. Having been orphaned, he was adopted by his…
Pole, Margaret, Blessed(POLE, MARGARET, BEATA)Vol. IX, p. 998 POLE, MARGARET, blessed. – English martyr, born at Castle Farley, near Bath, on 14 August 1473, to Giorgio Plantageneto, duke of Clarence; died in London on 27…
Pole, ReginaldVol. IX, p. 998 POLE, REGINALD. — Born at Stourton Castle (Staffordshire) in March 1500 to Sir Richard (d. 1505), whose mother was the half-sister of Margherita Beaufort,…
Polemio, Silvio(POLEMIO SILVIO)Vol. IX, p. 999 POLEMIO SILVIO. - Gallic writer. He lived in the fifth century and was a friend of St. Ilario and of Bishop Eucherio of Lyon. He seems to have held offices at…
Poletti, LuigiVol. IX, p. 999 POLETTI, LUIGI. – Architect, born in Modena on 28 October 1792, died in Milan on 2 August 1869. As a young man he studied in Bologna at the Accademia…
Poliander (Graumann), Johann(POLIANDER (GRAUMANN) JOHANN)Vol. IX, p. 1000 POLIANDER (GRAUMANN) JOHANN. - Lutheran reformer, b. at Neustadt am Main in 1487, d. at Königsberg in 1541. He studied at Leipzig, where he became rector of…
Policastro, Diocese of(POLICASTRO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1002 POLICASTRO, DIOCESI di. – City and diocese in the province of Salerno; it has an area of 1,200 sq km and a population of 70,000 inhabitants, all Catholics,…
Polidoro da CaravaggioVol. IX, p. 1003 POLIDORO da CARAVAGGIO. - Painter, born c. 1500 at Caravaggio, died at Messina (killed by a servant in the course of a robbery) in 1543. Lomazzo has…
Polignac, Melchior deVol. IX, p. 1008 POLIGNAC, MELCHIOR de. - Cardinal, diplomat, and apologist, b. at Puy-en-Velay on 11 Oct. 1661, d. at Paris on 20 Nov. 1741. He studied at Paris, becoming…
Polish Friars(FRATRES POLONI)Vol. V, p. 1052 FRATRES POLONI. — Antitrinitarian, Socinian heretics who existed in Poland in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. When Fausto Socini moved to Poland in…
Politi, Lancelotto (Ambrosio Catarino)(POLITI, LANCELLOTTO (AMBROGIO CATARINO))Vol. IX, p. 1009 POLITI, LANCELLOTTO (AMBROGIO CATARINO). — Dominican theologian, born at Siena ca. 1484, died at Naples on 8 November 1553. Consistorial advocate under Leo X…
Political Assemblies(ASSEMBLEE POLITICHE)Vol. II, p. 123 ASSEMBLEE POLITICHE : v. PARLAMENTI.
Political Economy(ECONOMIA POLITICA)Vol. V, p. 55 POLITICAL ECONOMY. — As many definitions have been given of p. e. as there have been phases in its doctrinal development; indeed, the nature of every…
Political Elections(ELEZIONI POLITICHE)Vol. V, p. 162 POLITICAL ELECTIONS. — Under a system of representative democracy, every citizen who possesses the qualifications established by law is called upon to…
Political Freedoms(LIBERTÀ POLITICHE)Vol. VII, p. 774 POLITICAL FREEDOMS. — These are the most immediate practical applications of the principle of freedom in a truly democratic State, that is, one which…
Politics(POLITICA)Vol. IX, p. 1010 POLITICS. — The etymology, from Greek πόλις = city, suggests the first and most general meaning of the term, insofar as it highlights the object to which it…
Poliziano, Angelo(POLIZIANO, ANGIOLO)Vol. IX, p. 1012 POLIZIANO, ANGIOLO. – From Montepulciano, where he was born on 14 July 1454 and from which he later derived the name Politismus, Agnolo Ambrogiu soon came to…
Pollaiuolo, Antonio di Jacopo Benci, detto del(POLLAIOLO, ANTONIO DI JACOPPO BENCI, DETTO DEL)Vol. IX, p. 1017 POLLAIOLO, ANTONIO son of JACOPPO BENCI, called del. — Painter, sculptor, goldsmith, and architect, born in Florence ca. 1431 (according to others, 1426, or…
Pollaiuolo, Piero(POLLAIOLO, PIERO)Vol. IX, p. 1017 POLLAIOLO, PIERO – Coronation of the Virgin (1483). S. Gimignano, Collegiana. The artist’s first stay in Rome dates to 1469. The impression left by his…
Polliaco, Johannes De (John of Pouilly)(GIOVANNI DI POUILLY (DE POLLIACO))Vol. VI, p. 374 GIOVANNI di POUILLY (de Polliaco). - Scholastic philosopher and theologian, d. after 1322. A disciple of Goffredo di Fontaines (de Fontibus), he became…
Polo, MarcoVol. IX, p. 1018 POLO, MARCO — The oldest Venetian redaction of the Milione (first half of the 14th century) — Rome, Biblioteca Casanatense, MS 3999, fol. 7. Works of genuine…
Polvara, GiuseppeVol. IX, p. 1029 POLVARA, GIUSEPPE. - Painter and architect, b. at Pescarenico (Lecco) on 23 Nov. 1884, d. at Milano on 20 Feb. 1950. Ordained priest in 1909, he assumed the…
Polyandry(POLIANDRIA)Vol. IX, p. 1000 POLIANDRIA. – From the Greek πολύς = much and ἀνήρ = man, it is the simultaneous marital cohabitation of one woman with several men. I. MORAL THEOLOGY AND…
Polyandry(POLIANDRO)Vol. IX, p. 1001 POLIANDRO. – From the Greek πολύς = many and ἀνὴρ = man, this is a term employed by Fr. G. Marchi to designate a tomb containing several human bodies…
PolybiblionVol. IX, p. 1030 POLYBIBLION. — With the aim of providing information on the content and value of the principal contemporary literary production, both French and foreign, P.…
Polycarp, Saint(POLICARPO, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1001 POLICARPO, saint. — A disciple of the apostle s. Giovanni (Eusebius, Hist. eccl., V, 20, 5 ff.) and ordained by him bishop of Smyrna (Tertullian, De praescr.,…
Polycrates of Ephesus(POLICRATE DI EFESO)Vol. IX, p. 1002 POLICRATES OF EPHESUS. – In a letter of reply to Pope Victor (189–99) and to the Roman Church, he defended the Quartodeciman tradition of the Church in Asia…
Polycronius(POLICRONIO)Vol. IX, p. 1003 POLICRONIO. - Bishop of Apamea in Syria, d. c. 430. He was the brother of Teodoro di Mopsuestia and is praised by Teodoreto, who concludes his Storia…
Polyembryony(POLIEMBRIONIA)Vol. IX, p. 1003 POLIEMBRIONIA: v. ANIMAZIONE; REGOLAZIONE. POLIDORO DA CARAVAGGIO - Christ falls under the Cross - Naples, Pinacoteca.
Polyeuto, Saint, Martyr(POLIEUTO, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 1003 POLIEUTO, saint, martyr. — On his tomb, in Melitene in Armenia, a church already existed at the end of the 4th century, and another was dedicated to him in…
Polygamy(POLIGAMIA)Vol. IX, p. 1004 POLIGAMIA: V. POLIANDRIA; POLIGINIA.
Polygenism(POLIGENISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1004 POLYGENISM. — From the Greek πολός = much and γένος = origin, it is the hypothesis that derives the present human race from several original couples, whether…
Polyglot Bibles(POLIGLOTTE, BIBBIE)Vol. IX, p. 1008 POLIGLOTTE, BIBBIE: v. BIBBIA.
Polygyny(POLIGINIA)Vol. IX, p. 1006 POLIGINIA. – From the Greek πολύς = much and γυνή = wife, it is the simultaneous marital cohabitation of one man with several women. I. MORAL THEOLOGY AND…
Polynesians, Religion of the(POLINESIANI, RELIGIONE DEI)Vol. IX, p. 1008 POLINESIANI, RELIGIONE dei: v. PRIMITIVI, RELIGIONE DEI.
Polyphony(POLIFONIA)Vol. IX, p. 1003 POLIFONIA. – From the Greek πολός = much and φωνή = sound, voice, this is music based on the simultaneous association of two or more parts, whether or not they…
Polyptych(POLITTICO)Vol. IX, p. 1012 POLYPTYCH. - A term generally used to denote a complex of more than three painted panels, joined together by an architectural framework. A diptych, in fact, is…
Polytheism(POLITEISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1008 POLYTHEISM. — From the Greek πολίς = many and θεός = god, it is the belief in and worship of several divinities independent of one another, as opposed to…
Pomarancio, Cristoforo Roncalli, detto ilVol. IX, p. 1031 POMARANCIO, CRISTOFORO RONCALLI, known as il. — Painter, born in Pomarance, near Volterra, in 1552, died in Rome on 14 May 1626. A pupil of Niccolò Circignani,…
Pomba, Giuseppe(POMBA, GIUSEPPE,)Vol. IX, p. 1031 POMBA, GIUSEPPE, - Bookseller, printer, and publisher, born in Turin on 4 February 1795, died there on 3 November 1876. He began his career in 1807 as a…
Pombal de Carvalho e Mello, Sebastião José, Marquess of(POMBAL DE CARVALHO E MELLO, SEBASTIÁN JOSÉ, MARCHESE DI)Vol. IX, p. 1031 POMBAL de CARVALHO e MELLO, SEBASTIÁN JOSÉ, marquis. — Born in Lisbon on 15 May 1699, died at Pombal on 8 May 1782. In 1739 he was sent to London as chargé…
Pomerio, GiulianoVol. IX, p. 1032 POMERIO, GIULIANO. - Priest and orator, born in Mauritania; about the middle of the fifth century he moved to Gaul (Gennadius, De viris illustr., 66), taking…
PompaVol. IX, p. 1032 POMPA. — From the Greek πομπή “procession” (from πέμπω “send,” “accompany”), it is the solemn procession that in Greece and Rome accompanies: 1) magistrates…
Pompallier, Jean-Baptiste-FrançoisVol. IX, p. 1032 POMPALLIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE-FRANÇOIS. — Born on 11 December 1801 in Lyon, he died at Puteaux (Paris) on 21 December 1871. Ordained a priest in 1829, he had…
Pompei (Beata Vergine Maria del Santo Rosario in Valle di P.), Prelature Nullius of(POMPEI (BEATA VERGINE MARIA DEL S. ROSARIO IN VALLE DI P.), PRELATURA NULLIUS DI)Vol. IX, p. 1035 POMPEI (BEATA VERGINE MARIA DEL S. ROSARIO IN VALLE DI P.), PRELATURE NULLIUS. — Valle di P. was a place inhabited by little more than a hundred farmers when…
Pompeii(POMPEI (GR. ΠΟΜΝΊΓΙΑ))Vol. IX, p. 1035 POMPEI (Gr. Πομνίγια). — Situated on the great coastal road from Naples toward southern Italy, it was founded by Oscan peoples of Campania near the lower…
Pompilio Maria Pirrotti, Saint(POMPILIO MARIA PIRROTTI, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1036 POMPILIO MARIA PIRROTTI, saint. — Piarist, b. at Montecalvo Irpino (Avellino) on 29 Sept. 1710, d. at Campi Salentina (Lecce) on 15 July 1766. He taught in…
Pomponazzi (Pompacius, de Pomponacis), Maestro Pietro(POMPONAZZI (POMPACIUS, DE POMPONACIIS), MAESTRO PIETRO)Vol. IX, p. 1036 POMPONAZZI (Pompacius, de Pomponaciis), MAESTRO PIETRO. — Aristotelian philosopher, born at Mantua on 16 September 1462, son of Gian Niccolò, died at Bologna…
Pomponia GrecinaVol. IX, p. 1037 POMPONIA GRECINA. - A Roman noblewoman, wife of Aulo Plauzio. According to the testimony of Tacito (Annal., XIII, 32), around A.D. 58, “superstitionis externae…
PomposaVol. IX, p. 1037 POMPOSA. - È un piccolo centro del comune di Codigoro (Ferrara) appartenente alla diocesi di POMPOSA - Scenes from the Apocalypse. Detail of the frescoes of…
Ponce, Diocese of(PONCE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1039 PONCE, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese of Central America on the island of Puerto Rico; immediately subject to the Holy See. It has an area of 1,200 sq. km.,…
Poncelet, AlbertVol. IX, p. 1039 PONCELET, ALBERT. — Jesuit, hagiographer, born in Liège on 30 August 1861, died in Montpellier on 19 January 1912. He entered the Order in 1878 and was…
Poncius (Ponce), JohnVol. IX, p. 1039 PONCIUS (PONCE), JOHN. — Franciscan Scotist theologian, born in Cork (Ireland) in 1603, died in Paris ca. 1672. He completed his philosophical studies at…
Pondicherry, Archdiocese of(PONDICHÉRY, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1039 PONDICHÉRY, ARCHDIOCESE of. — In the colony of P., founded by French merchants in 1674, the Capuchins of Madras established themselves in 1677; they also…
Ponens (Ponente)(PONENTE (PONENS))Vol. IX, p. 1040 PONENTE (ponens). — A designation applied particularly to prelates entrusted with reporting on causes or affairs dealt with before the tribunals or…
Ponta Grossa, Diocese of(PONTA GROSSA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1040 PONTA GROSSA, DIOCESE of. – City and diocese in the State of Paraná, Brazil. It has an area of 40,000 sq km and a population of 350,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Pontano, GiovanniVol. IX, p. 1040 PONTANO, GIOVANNI. — Humanist and poet, later calling himself Gioviano because of the planet under which he was born and the character he believed he had…
Pontecorvo, Diocese of(PONTECORVO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1041 PONTECORVO, DIOCESI di: v. AQUINO, SORA, PONTECORVO, DIOCESI di.
Pontelli, Bartolomeo, detto BaccioVol. IX, p. 1042 PONTELLI, BARTOLOMEO, called BACCIO. — Architect and woodworker, born in Florence before 1450, died in Urbino after 1494. A pupil of Francione, he is mentioned…
Pontian, Pope(PONZIANO, PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIANO, papa, santo, martire - Epitaffio marmoreo (sec. III) con il monogramma Martyr, aggiunto - Roma, cimitero di S. Callisto. più volte ristampata, e in…
Pontianak, Apostolic Vicariate of(PONTIANAK, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1042 PONTIANAK, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — It is situated in the central-western part of Borneo, formerly Dutch (Indonesia). The present-day mission began on 11…
Pontifex Maximus(PONTEFICE MASSIMO)Vol. IX, p. 1041 PONTEFICE MASSIMO. — In the religious constitution of ancient Rome, the college of pontiffs was charged with supervising the entire body of the national…
Pontifical(PONTIFICALE)Vol. IX, p. 1047 PONTIFICALE. – This is the liturgical book containing the description (rubrics) and the formularies of the functions normally reserved to the bishop…
Pontifical Aid Work(ASSISTENZA, OPERA PONTIFICIA)Vol. II, p. 131 ASSISTENZA, OPERA PONTIFICIA: v. PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA.
Pontifical Archiatra (Archiatros)(ARCHIATRA (ARCHIATRO) PONTIFICIO)Vol. I, p. 1070 PONTIFICAL ARCHIATRA (ARCHIATRO). — He is the Pope’s private or confidential physician. The absence of any reference to this designation in the papal yearbooks…
Pontifical Audiences(UDIENZE PONTIFICIE)Vol. XII, p. 436 UDIENZE PONTIFICIE: v. TABELLA, UDIENZE di.
Pontifical Chapel(CAPPELLA PONTIFICIA)Vol. III, p. 430 CAPPELLA PONTIFICIA. – This name is generally used collectively to designate the dignitaries who ordinarily take part in the solemn sacred functions performed…
Pontifical Commission for Assistance(PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA)Vol. IX, p. 1049 PONTIFICIA COMMISSIONE ASSISTENZA: V. COMMISSIONI PONTIFICIE.
Pontifical Commissions(COMMISSIONI PONTIFICE)Vol. IV, p. 58 PONTIFICAL COMMISSIONS. — From the designation itself it is clear that through them the Supreme Pontiff entrusts certain experts with a special task concerning…
Pontifical Equestrian Orders(ORDINI EQUESTRI PONTIFICI)Vol. IX, p. 174 PONTIFICAL EQUESTRIAN ORDERS. — These are the corporations established by the Roman pontiffs for the purpose of rewarding persons deserving of recognition for…
Pontifical Family(FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. V, p. 610 PONTIFICAL FAMILY. — This is the family, in the broad sense, of the Roman Pontiff, as head of the entire Church, and therefore invested with sovereign…
Pontifical Gendarmerie(GENDARMERIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. V, p. 1183 PONTIFICAL GENDARMERIE. — It is one of the corps of the Pontifical armed forces. The institution of the Pontifical Gendarmerie, through the corps of the…
Pontifical Law(JUS PONTIFICIUM)Vol. VII, p. 400 JUS PONTIFICIUM. – Title of the quarterly journal founded in Rome in 1921 by the Rev. Alberto Toso (author of a highly regarded commentary on the CIC), devoted…
Pontifical Law of Propaganda Fide(JUS PONTIFICIUM DE PROPAGANDA FIDE)Vol. VII, p. 400 JUS PONTIFICIUM DE PROPAGANDA FIDE. – This is the collection of documents concerning the missions compiled by the Lazarist bishop Raffaele De Martinis…
Pontifical Missionary Works(OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE)Vol. IX, p. 123 OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE — Two pages from a notebook of Fr. Chaumont, with the names of the members of the first two “tens” of the Work of the Propagation…
Pontifical Noble Guard(GUARDIA NOBILE PONTIFICIA)Vol. VI, p. 720 GUARDIA NOBILE PONTIFICIA. — It is the first, in order of precedence, of the Papal armed corps. The G. n. p. were established by Pius VII by motu proprio of 11…
Pontifical Protectorate(PROTETTORIA PONTIFICIA)Vol. X, p. 127 PONTIFICAL PROTECTORATE. — The pontifical protectorate is a particular form of protection by the Roman Pontiff extended to religious Orders, abbeys, religious…
Pontifical Society of Saint Francis Xavier for Foreign Missions(PIA SOCIETÀ SAN FRANCESCO SAVERIO PER LE MISSIONI ESTERE)Vol. IX, p. 801 PIUS SOCIETY OF SAINT FRANCIS XAVIER FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. - It was founded by the Servant of God Guido M. Conforti, in Parma, in 1895. The religious…
Pontifical Swiss Guard(GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA)Vol. VI, p. 721 GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA. — This is a corps of Swiss soldiers serving in Vatican City (Cohors pedestris Helvetiorum a sacra custodia Pontificis). As early…
Pontifical Work of the Holy Childhood(SANTA INFANZIA, OPERA PONTIFICIA DELLA)Vol. X, p. 1082 HOLY CHILDHOOD, PONTIFICAL WORK of: v. OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE, III. O. p. della S. Infanzia.
Pontifical Yearbook(ANNUARIO PONTIFICIO)Vol. I, p. 839 PONTIFICAL YEARBOOK. — Official repertory of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the Roman Curia, and the papal court, compiled annually at the Secretariat…
Pontius, Basilio (Legionensis, Ponce de León)Vol. IX, p. 1049 PONTIUS, BASILIO (Legionensis, PONCE de LEÓN). - Augustinian theologian, b. at Granata on 6 Sept. 1596, d. at Salamanca on 28 Aug. 1629. He taught theology at…
Pontormo, Jacopo Carucci (Carrucci), detto ilVol. IX, p. 1049 PONTORMO, JACOPO CARUCCI (CARRUCCI), known as Il. - Florentine painter, b. 24 May 1494 near Empoli, d. in Florence in 1557. Son of Bartolomeo di Jacopo di…
Pontremoli, Diocese of(PONTREMOLI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1050 PONTREMOLI, DIOCESE of. — It is the northernmost of the four dioceses of Lunigiana and extends its jurisdiction over the upper and, partially, middle Val di…
Ponza di San Martino, GustavoVol. IX, p. 1051 PONZA DI SAN MARTINO, GUSTAVO. - Statesman, born at Cuneo on 6 Jan. 1810, died at Dronero on 6 Sept. 1876. Having entered the administrative career at a young…
Ponziano, Cemetery of(PONZIANO, CIMITERO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1051 PONZIANO, CIMITERO di. — It is situated on the right of the Via Portuense, with an entrance from the Monteverde hill, at Via Alessandro Poerio 57. It is…
Ponziano, Pope, Saint, Martyr(PONZIANO, PAPA, SANTO, MARTIRE)Vol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIANO, POPE, saint, martyr. — According to the Liberian Catalogue and the Liber Pontificalis, P. was a Roman, the son of a certain Calpurnius; he was pope…
PonzioVol. IX, p. 1052 PONZIO. - Biographer of s. Cipriano. Some thirty codices have transmitted a work narrating the life of s. Cipriano from his Baptism to his election as bishop,…
Pool of Bethesda(PISCINA PROBATICA)Vol. IX, p. 950 PISCINA PROBATICA : v. PARALITICO; PROBATICA PISCINA.
Poole (Pole, Polus), MatthewVol. IX, p. 1053 POOLE (POLE, POLUS), MATTHEW. — Puritan minister and biblical commentator, b. at York in 1624, d. at Amsterdam in 1679. Admitted to Emmanuel College,…
Poona, Diocese of(POONA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1053 POONA, diocese of. — In central-southern India. The territory initially belonged to the apostolic vicariate of Bombay; on 8 March 1854 it was divided into the…
Poor Brothers of Saint Francis Seraphic(FRATELLI POVERI DI SAN FRANCESCO SERAFICO)Vol. V, p. 1023 POOR BROTHERS OF ST FRANCIS SERAPHIC. – They were founded by Fr. Giovanni Hover (1816–64) at Aachen in 1861 under the influence of the ven. Francesca…
Poor Clares(CLARISSE)Vol. III, p. 1030 POOR CLARES. - The name of the Second Order founded by s. Francesco d'Assisi with s. Chiara d'Assisi in 1212 and, at first, propagated especially by card.…
Poor Clares(MONACHE POVERE CLARISSE)Vol. VIII, p. 746 MONACHE POVERE CLARISSE. — The Institute arose through the union of the independent Communities of Poor Clares existing in Newry, Cavan, Keady, and…
Poor Daughters Of Saint Anthony(POVERE FIGLIE DI SANT'ANTONIA)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE FIGLIE DI SANT'ANTONIA. — Religious institute founded by Sister Miradio della Provvidenza di S. Gaetano (Giulia Bonifacio), a former Alcantarine nun, at…
Poor Daughters of Saint Joseph Calasanctius (Florence)(FIGLIE POVERE DI SAN GIUSEPPE CA-LASANZIO (FIRENZE))Vol. V, p. 772 FIGLIE POVERE DI SAN GIUSEPPE CA-LASANZIO (Firenze). — On 24 June 1889, the archbishop of Siena, Mons. Zini, a Piarist, clothed the first five poor Calasanzian…
Poor Daughters of the Stigmata of Saint Francis(POVERE FIGLIE DELLE STIMMATE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE FIGLIE DELLE STIMMATE DI SAN FRANCESCO. — Founded in Florence in 1848 by Anna Lapini dei Fiorelli. Purpose: free Christian and religious education for…
Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ(POVERE ANCELLE DI GESÙ CRISTO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE ANCELLE DI GESÙ CRISTO. – Religious institute founded at Dernbach (Hesse) in 1848 by Maria Caterina Kasper for the instruction and education of young…
Poor Handmaids of the Mother of God(POVERE ANCELLE DELLA MADRE DI DIO)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POOR HANDMAIDS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD. – Institute founded in Westminster (England) in 1868 by the devout lady Maria Maddalena Taylor. The purpose proposed by…
Poor Lombards(POVERI LOMBARDI)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERI LOMBARDI. – Heretical sect, widespread in Lombardy, arising through separation from the Poor of Lyon or Waldensians. Already in the earliest period of…
Poor School Sisters Of The Third Order Of Saint Francis(POVERE SUORE SCOLASTICHE DEL TERZ'ORDINE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POOR SCHOOL SISTERS OF THE THIRD ORDER OF ST FRANCIS. - Founded by d. Sebastiano Schwarz, parish priest at Vöcklabruck (diocese of Linz). In 1842 he began to…
Poor Sisters of Buenos Aires of Saint Joseph(POVERE SUORE BONAERENSI DI SAN GIUSEPPE)Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE SUORE BONAERENSI DI SAN GIUSEPPE. - The Institute was founded on 28 January 1880, when Mother Camila Rolón, with the approval of the archbishop of…
Poor Sisters of Nazareth(POVERE SUORE DI NAZARET)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DI NAZARET. – In 1850 Cardinal Wiseman, Archbishop of Westminster, conceived the idea of a hospice for the elderly similar to the French ones of…
Poor Sisters of Saint Francis(POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POOR SISTERS OF SAINT FRANCIS. - A religious institute founded in Aachen by Francesca Schervier, who, in 1845, joined with four other young women in placing…
Poor Sisters Of Saint Francis Of Perpetual Adoration(POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO DELL'ADORAZIONE PERPETUA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DI SAN FRANCESCO DELL'ADORAZIONE PERPETUA. — Institute founded on 20 December 1860 at Olpe (Diocese of Paderborn) by Teresa Bonzel. Within a…
Poor Sisters Of The Immaculate Virgin Mary(POVERE SUORE DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE DELL'IMMACOLATA VERGINE MARIA. – Founded by Giovanni Schneider, parish priest of S. Mattia in Breslavia, in 1854. Its initial purpose was the…
Poor Sisters of the Schools of Our Lady (Budweis)(POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (BUDWEIS))Vol. IX, p. 1112 POOR SISTERS OF THE SCHOOLS OF OUR LADY (BUDWEIS). - Fr Gabriele Schneider, chaplain of Hirschau (diocese of Budweis in Bohemia), around 1848 conceived the…
Poor Sisters of the Schools of Our Lady (Munich)(POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (MONACO))Vol. IX, p. 1112 POVERE SUORE DELLE SCUOLE DI NOSTRA SIGNORA (MONACO). – The Institute was founded in Regensburg in 1833 through the efforts of Msgr. G. M. Wittmann, parish…
Poor Teaching Sisters of Our Lady(POVERE SUORE INSEGNANTI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA)Vol. IX, p. 1113 POVERE SUORE INSEGNANTI DI NOSTRA SIGNORA. – In 1860 the bishop of Colocza, Giuseppe Kunszt, summoned to his diocese some of the P. S. of the Schools of Our…
Popayán, Archdiocese of(POPAYÁN, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1053 POPAYÁN, ARCHDIOCESE of. - City and archdiocese in the Republic of Colombia, department of Cauca. The archdiocese covers an area of 30,000 sq. km., with a…
Pope(PAPA)Vol. IX, p. 476 PAPA. — From the Greek πάππας, πάπας (= father), an honorific title now reserved in the Catholic Church for the Supreme Pontiff. SUMMARY: I. Origin of the…
Pope, AlessandroVol. IX, p. 1053 POPE, ALESSANDRO. - English poet, b. in London on 21 May 1688, d. at Twickenham on 30 May 1744. He began his poetic career at a very early age with the…
PoplifugiaVol. IX, p. 1053 POPLIFUGIA. — Feast of 5 July in the oldest Roman calendar, the only one that preceded the Nonae of a month. Separated from the Nonae Caprotinae by the…
Popol VuhVol. IX, p. 1054 POPOL VUH. - The P. V. (= national book) may be regarded as the Bible of the Quiché Maya (v. MAYA, religione dei). It deals with subjects concerning cosmogony,…
Poppe, EdwardVol. IX, p. 1057 POPPE, EDWARD. - Priest, promoter of the Eucharistic Crusade, b. at Temache on the Scheldt on 18 Dec. 1890, d. at Moerzeke (Vlaanderen) on 10 June 1924.…
Poppea (Poppaea Sabina)Vol. IX, p. 1057 POPPEA (Poppaea Sabina). - Nero’s favourite, daughter of T. Ollius, of extraordinary beauty and intelligence, but licentious and shameless, she married Rufinus…
Poppo, Saint(POPPONE, SANTO)Vol. IX, p. 1057 POPPONE, saint. – Benedictine abbot, born in 978 of a noble Flemish family, died at Marchiennes on 25 January 1048. He was one of the most capable…
Popular Iconography(ICONOGRAFIA POPOLARE)Vol. VI, p. 902 POPULAR ICONOGRAPHY. – Sacred images have also been represented in ways suited to the taste, beliefs, and needs of the common people, either by inexperienced…
Popular Religious Festivals(FESTE RELIGIOSE POPOLARI)Vol. V, p. 729 FESTE RELIGIOSE POPOLARI. — Not outside the Church, but alongside it and together with it, the people have created and preserved interesting manifestations…
Popular Union(UNIONE POPOLARE)Vol. XII, p. 525 UNIONE POPOLARE. — Association formed among the Catholics of Italy, after the dissolution of the Opera dei Congressi (v.), in order to gather, according to the…
Population(POPOLAZIONE)Vol. IX, p. 1054 POPULATION. — It is the totality of all the inhabitants of a country, a region, a city, etc. Its size and composition vary incessantly as a result of births…
PopuloniaVol. IX, p. 1057 POPULONIA. - Ancient Etruscan city (Pupluna) and ancient diocese on the promontory of Piombino near Porto Baratti; it was a Roman municipality but already in…
Porcacci (Porcatius), FilippoVol. IX, p. 1058 PORCACCI (Porcatius), FILIPPO. — Scotist philosopher and theologian of the Friars Minor Conventual, born at Bagnacavallo (Ravenna), died at Rome, at SS.…
Porcari, StefanoVol. IX, p. 1058 PORCARI, STEFANO. — Born at the beginning of the 15th century in Rome, he died in Rome on 9 January 1453. In 1427 he is found in Florence, as captain of the…
Porcelain(PORCELLANA)Vol. IX, p. 1058 PORCELAIN. - It is one of the great classes into which ceramic products are divided (v.). Its body is artificially compounded cold from the ternary base of…
Porcia (de Purlileis, di Porciglia)Vol. IX, p. 1060 PORCIA (de Purlileis, di PORCIGLIA). — A feudal family of the Patriarchate of Aquileia, it possessed its estates between the Tagliamento and the Livenza and…
Porcio, Festo(FESTO PORCIO)Vol. V, p. 730 FESTO PORCIO: v. PORCIO FESTO.
Porcius Festus(PORCIO FESTO)Vol. IX, p. 1060 PORCIUS FESTUS. – Procurator of Judaea from 60 to 61–62 A.D. (U. Holzmeister’s dates), of whom Acts 24:27–27:1 speaks. He is praised for his judgment and…
Porete, Marguerite(PORETE, MARGHERITA)Vol. IX, p. 1061 PORETE, MARGHERITA. - Heretical Beguine, born in Hainaut (diocese of Cambrai), died at the stake in Paris on 1 June 1310. She was the author of a mystical…
Poreč, Diocese of(PARENZO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 525 PARENZO, DIOCESI di. – Town and diocese on the western coast of Istria, formerly in the province of Pola. First a Roman municipium, then a colony under…
Pornography(PORNOGRAFIA)Vol. IX, p. 1062 PORNOGRAPHY. — From the Greek πονύγραφος, painter or writer of prostitution. According to the etymological meaning of the word, it denotes obscenity exhibited…
Porphyry(PORFIRIO)Vol. IX, p. 1062 PORFIRIO. — Philosopher, born in 232–33 A.D., probably at Tyre (Vita Plotini, VII), or perhaps at Batanea, an obscure land of Syria or Palestine, as might be…
Porpora, Nicola AntonioVol. IX, p. 1063 PORPORA, NICOLA ANTONIO. - Composer and teacher, b. in Napoli on 19 Aug. 1686, d. there on 12 Feb. 1766. He studied music at the Conservatorio dei Poveri di…
Porres, Martín de, Blessed(PORRES, MARTÍN DE, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORRES, MARTÍN de, blessed. - Dominican lay brother, b. at Lima on 9 Dec. 1579, d. there on 3 Nov. 1639. A black mulatto, Bl. M. was the son of a noble Spanish…
Porro, Giovanni Angelo, Blessed(PORRO, GIOVANNI ANGELO, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORRO, GIOVANNI ANGELO, blessed. - Servite, born in Milan around 1450 of a noble family, died there on 24 October 1506. At the age of fifteen he entered the…
Porsch, FelixVol. IX, p. 1063 PORSCH, FELIX. - German Catholic politician, b. at Ratibor on 30 Apr. 1853, d. at Breslavia on 8 Dec. 1930. A lawyer and counsellor of the episcopal…
Port Elizabeth, Diocese of(PORT ELIZABETH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1067 PORT ELIZABETH, DIOCESE of. – In the eastern region of the Union of South Africa. It was erected on 30 July 1847 as the apostolic vicariate of the Cape of Good…
Port Moresby, Apostolic Vicariate of(PORT MORESBY, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)Vol. IX, p. 1069 PORT MORESBY, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of. — Situated in Australian New Guinea (Papussia). On 19 July 1844, the apostolic vicariate of Western Oceania was divided…
Port of Spain, Archdiocese of(PORTO DI SPAGNA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1070 PORTO DI SPAGNA, ARCIDIOCESI di. – It is situated in the British West Indies and has its see on the island of Trinidad; it comprises the Windward or Leeward…
Port Pirie, Diocese of(PORT PIRIE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1086 PORT PIRIE, DIOCESE of. — On 13 May 1887, the northern territory was detached from the diocese of Adelaide (Australia), and the diocese of Port Augusta was…
Port Victoria, Diocese of(PORT VICTORIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PORT VICTORIA, DIOCESI di: v. SEYCHELLES, DIOCESI di.
Port-au-Prince (Porto Principe), Archdiocese of(PORTO PRINCIPE (PORT-AU-PRINCE), ARCIDIQUESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO PRINCIPE (PORT-AU-PRINCE), ARCHDIOCESE OF. - Archdiocese and capital city of the Republic of Haiti in Central America. Its suffragans are the dioceses of…
Port-de-Paix, Diocese of(PORTO PACE (PORT-DE-PAIX), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO PACE (PORT-DE-PAIX), DIOCESE of. – City and diocese of the Republic of Haiti, suffragan of the archdiocese of Porto Principe, capital of the Noroeste…
Port-RoyalVol. IX, p. 1086 PORT-ROYAL. — Cistercian monastery founded in 1204 and elevated to an abbey in 1212, famous in the seventeenth century as a center of Jansenism (v. GIANSENIO e…
Porta, Ardicino I DellaVol. IX, p. 1064 PORTA, ARDICINO I della. — Cardinal, born at Suno (Novara) in an unknown year, died in Rome on 9 April 1434. A doctor of both laws, he had a family before…
Porta, Ardicino II DellaVol. IX, p. 1064 PORTA, ARDICINO II della. - Cardinal, nephew of the preceding, b. at Suno (Novara) c. 1434, d. at Rome on 4 March 1493. He entered the ecclesiastical career at…
Porta, CarloVol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, CARLO. – Poet, born in Milan on 15 June 1776, died there on 5 January 1821. He lived always in his native city, employed at the Intendancy of Finance,…
Porta, CostanzoVol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, COSTANZO. - Conventual Franciscan, musician, born in Cremona in 1505, died in Padua on May 26, 1601. He was subsequently director, often also founder or…
Porta, Simone (Porzio, Portius, Porcius)Vol. IX, p. 1065 PORTA, SIMONE (PORZIO, Portius, Porcius). - Aristotelian philosopher, born in Naples in 1496, died there in 1554. His main works are: De mente humana…
Portal(PORTA)Vol. IX, p. 1063 PORTA. — In antiquity, alongside the monumental type, already present in Egyptian and Assyrian civilization and destined in the imperial period to develop into…
Portalegre, Diocese of(PORTALEGRE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1065 PORTALEGRE, DIOCESE of. — The diocese of P. is situated northeast of Lisbon, almost on the frontier with Spain, in Portugal. Its episcopal see is in the city…
Portaliès, Eugène(PORTALIÈ, EUGÈNE)Vol. IX, p. 1066 PORTALIÈ, EUGÈNE. - Jesuit, theologian, born at Mende on Jan. 3, 1852, died at Amélie-les-Bains (Toulouse) on Apr. 20, 1909. Having entered the Order in 1867,…
PorticoVol. IX, p. 1067 PORTICO. – The classical type of the p., developed in Greco-Roman art, appears as an elongated rectangular building, open on one of its long sides and closed…
Portio Legitima(PORZIONE LEGITTIMA)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PORZIONE LEGITTIMA: v. SUCCESSIONE EREDITARIA.
Portio Parochialis(PORZIONE PARROCCHIALE)Vol. IX, p. 1088 PARISH PORTION. — The parish portion or canonical portion (called before the CIC the “funerary fourth”) is a sum to be deducted from the emolument offered on…
Portland in Oregon, Archdiocese of(PORTLAND IN OREGON, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1068 PORTLAND IN OREGON, ARCHDIOCESE of. — An archdiocese and city in the State of Oregon, U.S.A. By an indult of the Holy See dated 28 Feb. 1836, the county of…
Portland, Diocese of(PORTLAND, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1068 PORTLAND, diocese of. – Diocese and city in the State of Maine, U.S.A. The diocese was erected by Pius IX on 8 December 1854 for the States of Maine and New…
Porto (Oporto), Diocese of(PORTO (OPORTO), DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1069 PORTO (OPORTO), DIOCESE of. — The diocese of P. or O. is situated in northwestern Portugal, between the dioceses of Braga, Vila Real, Lamego, Viseu, and…
Porto Alegre (Portalegrè nel Brasile), Archdiocese of(PORTALEGRE NEL BRASILE (PORTO ALEGRE), ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1066 PORTALEGRE NEL BRASILE (PORTO ALEGRE), ARCHDIOCESE of. — Capital city and archdiocese in the State of Rio Grande do Sud in Brazil. It has an area of 44,620 sq.…
Porto e Santa Rufina, Diocese of(PORTO E SANTA RUFINA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO e SANTA RUFINA, DIOCESI di. — In Latium, in the province of Rome, it is one of the seven suburbicarian sees held by a cardinal of the Order of Bishops.…
Porto Luigi, Diocese of(PORTO LUIGI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1083 PORTO LUIGI, DIOCESI di. - The island of Mauritius and the other adjoining islets (S. Brandon, Rodriguez, Agalega, Farguhas, Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia,…
Porto Nacional, Diocese of(PORTO NAZIONALE, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1084 PORTO NAZIONALE, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese in the State of Goias, Brazil. It has an area of 250,000 sq km and a population of 213,000 inhabitants, of whom…
Portogruaro, Diocese of(PORTOGRUARO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1083 PORTOGRUARO, DIOCESI di. — Recent excavations have brought to light a new burial area with two enclosures, containing quadrangular chambers with three apses,…
Portrait(RITRATTO)Vol. X, p. 590 PORTRAIT. — I. ARCHAEOLOGY. — The portrait was a characteristic feature of Roman art. The Christians had no portraits either of the Savior or of the Blessed…
Portsmouth, Diocese of(PORTSMOUTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. IX, p. 1087 PORTSMOUTH, DIOCESIS of. — City in England. The diocese (a suffragan of Westminster) was founded in 1882 by the division of the diocese of Southwark. It…
Portugal(PORTOGALLO)Vol. IX, p. 1070 PORTUGAL. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - Portuguese territory constitutes the western margin of the Iberian plateau, which declines toward the coast in plains and terraces,…
Portuguese Society for Catholic Missions(SOCIETÀ PORTOGHESE PER LE MISSIONI CATTOLICHE)Vol. XI, p. 524 PORTUGUESE SOCIETY FOR CATHOLIC MISSIONS. - Its specific purpose is religious assistance and evangelization in the Portuguese overseas dioceses, and also in…
PortunaliaVol. IX, p. 1088 PORTUNALIA. - A festival on 17 August in the oldest Roman calendar, dedicated to the god Portuno, whose character is described by literary evidence in…
Porzio, CamilloVol. IX, p. 1088 PORZIO, CAMILLO. - Historian, b. in Napoli around 1526, d. there in 1580. He wrote La congiura dei baroni del Regno di Napoli contra il re Ferdinando I…
Posadas, Francisco de, Blessed(POSADAS, FRANCISCO DE, BEATO)Vol. IX, p. 1089 POSADAS, FRANCISCO de, blessed. — Spanish Dominican, born in Cordova on 25 November 1644, died there on 20 November 1713. He exercised the apostolate, renewing…
Poseidon (ΠΟΣΕΙΔΏΝ)(POSEIDONE (ΠΟΣΕΙΔΏΝ))Vol. IX, p. 1089 POSEIDONE (Ποσειδών). — God of the waters, whose prerogative seems symbolized by the root common to his name (πόσις, ποντίζω, πάνταμαις; v. H. L. Ahrens, Über…
PositioVol. IX, p. 1089 POSITIO. – It is the writing in which a fact is set forth and affirmed before the authority. In ancient law, p. was called the exposition de plano of the…
Positivism(POSITIVISMO)Vol. IX, p. 1090 POSITIVISM. — Philosophical (scientific, historical) tendency that arose in the 19th century and predominated in its second half (classical p.), but…
Possessio, Presa di(POSSESSO, PRESA DI)Vol. IX, p. 1094 POSSESSION, TAKING OF. — It is one of the subsequent acts by which canonical provision is carried out. I. GENERAL CONCEPT. – To prevent harmful uncertainties…
