P
1,512 articles · 102 under Ph · English index · Indice italiano-
Chasuble (Planeta, Casula, Amphibolus) (PIANETA (PLANETA, CASULA, AMPHIBOLUS))
A sacred outer vestment, proper to priests in the celebration of Mass. In current use, for two or three centuries, it has consisted of a scapular with two… -
Phacee (PHACEE)
King of Israel (736-732 B.C.), 18th after the division of the Kingdom, insistently called "son of Remaliah" (II Kings 15:27, 30; Isa. 7:4, 5, 9; 8:6), a figure… -
Phaceia (PHACEIA)
King of Israel, 17th after the division of the Kingdom. He succeeded his father Menahem (v.), and reigned for about two years (737-736 B.C.). His religious and… -
Phalanstery (FALANSTERIO)
FALANSTERIO: V. FOURIER, CHARLES. -
Phaleg (PHALEG)
A descendant of Shem and son of Heber; brother of Joktan and father of Reu, one of the ancestors of Abraham. He was called P. "because in his time the world… -
Phanar (Φανάρεσιον) (FANAR (ΦΑΝΆΡΕΣΙΟΝ))
A quarter of Constantinople, on the Golden Horn. Here the Greek patriarch and many Greek families had their seat after the Turkish conquest (1453), some of… -
Phanuel (PHANUEL)
Name given to the place where Jacob wrestled with the angel (Gen. 32:30). P. was located, very probably, along the river Jabbok. Its name is explained by the… -
Pharan
Desert of Arabia Petraea, called today Badjet et-Tih. It is formed by a broad plain bordering to the east on the valley 'Arabah, which extends from the south… -
Pharaoh (FARAONE)
PHARAOH: V. MAR ROSSO, PASSAGGIO del. -
Pharaoh (FARAONE)
A term used to designate the house of the king in Egypt and, from the 18th dynasty onward, the person of the king; from 900 B.C. the term regularly precedes… -
Phares
One of the twins born to the Canaanite Tamar by her father-in-law Judah, son of Jacob. He was to have been the second-born, but he was the first. The birth of… -
Pharisees (FARISEI)
In Greek Φαρισαῖοι, from the Aramaic Ρέντζαϊδ, a plural adjective meaning "divided," "separated." It seems that by this name the Pharisees were designated by… -
Pharmacist (FARMACISTA)
The pharmacist, the natural collaborator of the physician (v.), shares with him, albeit in a subordinate role, the nobility and importance of the mission. The… -
Pharmacology (FARMACOLOGIA)
The word, introduced into the medical vocabulary in the 1600s, in its etymology means the study of drugs (medicaments and poisons) and at first was confused… -
Phasga (PHASGA)
Western spur of Mount Nebo (v.), today Sijâgâh (Aramaic: "monastery"), consecrated to the memory of Moses' vision. In the possession of the Custody of the Holy… -
Phat-Diem, Apostolic Vicariate of (PHAT-DIEM, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
On the southern coast of Tonkin, Vietnam. On July 24, 1678 the apostolic vicariate of Tonkin was divided into those of Eastern Tonkin (today Haiphong) and… -
Phebe (FEBE)
FEBE: v. PHOEBE. -
Phebe (Φώβη "Radiant") (PHOEBE (ΦΏΒΩΙ «RAGGIANTE»))
A woman commended by St. Paul to the Romans (Rom. 16:1-2) on three counts: 1) as "our sister," that is, as a Christian, converted from paganism; this seems to… -
Phenomenism (FENOMENISMO)
In its most rigorous expression, it is the philosophical system that denies the reality of being or the thing in itself beyond the pure phenomenon (v.), and… -
Phenomenology (FENOMENOLOGIA)
A term used, it seems, for the first time by J. H. Lambert (1764) and then by Kant, to indicate that particular philosophical science whose task would be to… -
Phenomenon (FENOMENO)
From the Greek φαίνομαι, "to show, to bring to light" (root φα, "to shine," "light"), it means appearance, presentation: everything that appears and shows… -
Philadelphia (FILADELFIA)
Città della Lidia in Asia Minore, a nord-ovest del monte Tmolo (oggi Bosdağ) nella valle del Cogamia. Fondata da Attalo II Filadelfo, re di Pergamo (159-138 a.… -
Philadelphia, Archdiocese of (FILADELFIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
A city of the State of Pennsylvania and seat of a metropolitan archdiocese having as suffragans the dioceses of Altoona, Erie, Harrisburg, Pittsburg and… -
Philadelphia (City of the Decapolis) (FILADELFIA (CITTÀ DELLA DECAPOLI))
FILADELFIA (città della Decapoli): v. RABHA, RABBATH AMMON. -
Philanthropism (FILANTROPISMO)
FILANTROPISMO: v. BASEDOW, JOHANN BERNHARD. -
Philemon, Epistle to (FILEMONE, EPISTOLA N)
Letter written by St. Paul to the disciple and friend Ph., on behalf of the fugitive slave Onesimus. This writing, often called a "note," presents all the… -
Philemon of Theraide, Saint (FILEMONE DI TERAIDE, SANTO)
Martyr, died under Diocletian. According to his legendary Passio, P. was a stage actor. Having converted to Christianity, he suffered martyrdom at Antinoe… -
Philip, Apostle, Saint (FILIPPO, APOSTOLO, SANTO)
One of the "twelve," from Bethsaida (v.), the fifth in the lists (Mt. 10:3; Mk. 3:18; Lk. 6:14; Acts 1:13). In the Gospels, only John gives biographical… -
Philip Benizi, Saint (FILIPPO BENIZI, SANTO)
Born in Florence on 15 Aug. 1233, he did his higher studies at the Universities of Paris and Padua, where he took his degree in medicine. Having entered the… -
Philip, Bishop of Bracla, Saint (FILIPPO, VESCOVO DI BRACLEA, SANTO)
Martyr, died under Diocletian in 304. His authentic Latin Passio, which goes back to a Greek original, narrates with interesting details the torments suffered… -
Philip, Bishop of Gortyna (FILIPPO, VESCOVO DI GORTINA)
Little is known of him; the only source on which the surviving information depends is Eusebius of Caesarea. He was bishop between 160 and 170; Dionysius of… -
Philip Herod (FILIPPO ERODE)
Tetrarch, son of Herod the Great and of Cleopatra of Jerusalem. He was designated tetrarch in his father's will. The regions of his tetrarchy were: 1) Iturea… -
Philip Herod (FILIPPO ERODE)
Son of Herod the Great and of Mariamne II, husband of Herodias. He is called only F. in Mk. 6:17, whereas Flavius Josephus (Antiq. Iud., XVIII, 5, 1, 4; Bell.… -
Philip II Augustus, King of France (FILIPPO II, AUGUSTO, RE DI FRANCIA)
Having succeeded his father, Louis VII, in 1180, at a very young age (he was born in Paris on 21 Aug. 1165), he spent his whole life in the defense of the… -
Philip III, King of Spain (FILIPPO III, RE DI SPAGNA)
B. in Madrid on 14 April 1578, d. on 31 March 1621. He married Margaret of Austria. He ascended the throne in 1598, and with him the predominance at the… -
Philip II, King of Spain (FILIPPO II, RE DI SPAGNA)
B. at Valladolid on 21 May 1527 to Charles V and Elizabeth of Portugal. Besides his own mother, he had as teachers d. Juan de Zuniga and d. Juan Martínez… -
Philip IV, King of Spain (FILIPPO IV, RE DI SPAGNA)
B. in Madrid on 8 April 1605, d. on 17 September 1665. He married Isabella of Bourbon and then Mariana of Austria. He ascended the throne in 1621. He was… -
Philip IV of France, the Fair (FILIPPO IV, RE DI FRANCIA, IL BELLO)
B. in 1268 at Fontainebleau, d. there on 29 Nov. 1314. Son of Philip III and Isabella of Aragon, he was instructed in the sciences by the cleric Guillaume… -
Philip Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (FILIPPO MARIA VISCONTI, DUCA DI MILANO)
FILIPPO MARIA VISCONTI, duca di MILANO: v. VISCONTI, FAMILY. -
Philip Neri, Saint (FILIPPO NERI, SANTO)
Born in Florence on 21 July 1515 in the parish of S. Pier Gattolini, to ser Francesco and Lucrezia da Mosciano. FILIPPO NERI, saint - Wax mask of the face of… -
Philip of Bagnacavallo (FILIPPO DA BAGNACAVALLO)
FILIPPO da BAGNACAVALLO: V. PORCACCI, FILIPPO. -
Philip of Campello (FILIPPO DI CAMPELLO)
Franciscan of the 13th century, born at Campello sul Clitunno, near Spoleto. A tradition founded on a brief of Innocent IV dated 10 July 1253, addressed to F.… -
Philip of Harveng (of Bonne-Espérance) (FILIPPO DI HARVENG (DI BONNE-ESPÉRANCE))
Premonstratensian theologian, b. at Harveng (Belgium) ca. 1100 and d. at Bonne-Espérance on 11 April 1183. The son of poor parents, he probably studied in… -
Philip of Heinsberg (FILIPPO DI HEINSBERG)
Archbishop of Cologne. Having become, while still young, provost of the Chapter of Liège at Cologne, he administered the archdiocese of Cologne as… -
Philip of Side (FILIPPO DI SIDE)
Christian historian of the 5th century, born at Side, in Pamphylia. There he was a disciple of Rhodon, and later the successor of Didymus the Blind as head of… -
Philip of Swabia (FILIPPO DI SVEVIA)
Born on 26 July 1178, to Frederick Barbarossa and Beatrice of Burgundy, the fourth son of their union, he was created, at barely thirteen years of age, bishop… -
Philip of the Most Holy Trinity (FILIPPO DELLA S.MA TRINITÀ)
Philosopher, theologian and mystic of the Discalced Carmelites, in the world Julien Esprit, b. in Malaucène (Vaucluse), on 19 July 1603, d. in Naples on 21… -
Philippi (FILIPPI)
The first city of Macedonia evangelized during the second apostolic journey by Paul and Silas, to whom Timothy and Luke had joined themselves. The passage into… -
Philippines (FILIPPINE)
Archipelago of 7,083 islands, which closes the South China Sea to the south. It has an area of 396,285 sq km (slightly less than Italy) with 19.5 million… -
Philip the Arab (M. Julius Philippus) (FILIPPO L'ARABO (M. IULIUS PHILIPPUS))
Roman emperor, b. around 204 at Shahba in Trachonitis, d. at Verona in Oct. 249. Son of Julius Marinus, an Arab sheikh, he married Otacilia Severa, by whom he… -
Philip the Chancellor (FILIPPO IL CANCELLIERE)
Theologian, b. in Paris ca. 1160-85, d. there on 25 Dec. 1236. He is not to be identified, as was done for a long time, with the poet Philip de Grève. From ca.… -
Philip the Deacon (FILIPPO DIACONO)
Second of the 7 deacons ordained by the Apostles (Acts 6:9), also called Philip the evangelist (Acts 21:8) to distinguish him from the apostle of the same… -
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy (FILIPPO IL BUONO, DUCA DI BORGOGNA)
B. at Dijon on 30 June 1396, to John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, d. at Bruges on 15 June 1467. Founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The murder… -
Philip the Magnanimous (FILIPPO IL MAGNANIMO)
Landgrave of Hesse, b. 13 Nov. 1504, d. 31 March 1567. He succeeded his father William II in 1509 and, after some years of regency, assumed power in 1518… -
Philip V, King of Spain (FILIPPO V, RE DI SPAGNA)
B. at Versailles on 19 Dec. 1683 to Louis, Dauphin of France, and Maria Anna of Bavaria, d. 9 July 1746. He was invested by the king of France with the duchy… -
Philistines (FILISTEI)
A people known almost exclusively from the books of the Old Testament. In the time of the Judges and the first kings, Saul and David, the P. settled in the… -
Phillips, George
Jurist, b. Jan. 6, 1804 in Königsberg, d. Sept. 6, 1872 at Aigen near Salzburg. Extraordinary professor of German law at the University of Berlin, he abjured… -
Philo (FILONE)
The greatest writer of the Jews of Alexandria, b. ca. 30 B.C., d. ca. A.D. 50. Of a distinguished family (Fl. Josephus, Antiq. Jud., XVIII, S. 1), he received… -
Philokalia (Φιλοκαλία) (FILOCALIA (ΦΙΛΟΚΑΛΊΑ))
1. Name designating a collection of fragments, largely scriptural, of Origen, gathered by St. Basil and by St. Gregory of Nazianzus around 358. The personality… -
Philology (FILOLOGIA)
Philology is a discipline that seeks to restore historically the spiritual unity of a people through the manifestations of its being — poetry, letters and art… -
Philomena, Saint (FILOMENA, SANTA)
In 1802 a body was extracted from the cemetery of Priscilla, whose tomb bore an inscription in red lead, on three tiles, of which the last had been moved to… -
Philo of Carpasia (FILONE DI CARPASIA)
From Carpasium, in Cyprus, or from Carpathos, an island between Crete and Rhodes, he lived in the first half of the 5th century. He was a bishop, author of a… -
Philo of Larissa (FILONE DI LARISSA)
FILONE di LARISSA: v. ACADEMIES (I. Greek Pa.). -
Philoponus, John (FILOPONO, GIOVANNI)
Monophysite philosopher and theologian of the 6th century, also called John the Grammarian, b. in Alexandria toward the end of the 5th century, d. after the… -
Philoromus, Saint, Martyr (FILOROMO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
FILOROMO, santo, martire: v. FILEA and FILOROMO, saints, martyrs. -
Philosophy (FILOSOFIA)
The term ph. ("love of wisdom"), which according to Plutarch is traced back to Pythagoras (H. Diels, Doxographi Graeci, 2nd ed., Berlin and Leipzig 1929, 280 b… -
Philosophy of Action (AZIONE, FILOSOFIA DELL')
Under the name philosophy of action are sometimes included various currents and systems (pragmatism, certain forms of voluntarism). Here we refer to the… -
Philosophy of Law (FILOSOFIA DEL DIRITTO)
It is the discipline that investigates the concept of law in its logical universality, the idea of justice as the supreme principle and criterion of its value… -
Philosophy of the Spirit (FILOSOFIA DELLO SPIRITO)
An expression popularized and made current by B. Croce (b. 1866), so that in ordinary language it serves as a synonym for the Crocean system. But, naturally, a… -
Philostorgius (FILOSTORGIO)
Christian historian, b. ca. 386 at Borissos, in Cappadocia Secunda, to Arian parents. At the age of twenty he met Eunomius of Cyzicus, the leader of… -
Philostratus (Φιλόστρατος) (FILOSTRATO (ΦΙΛΆΣΤΑΣΤΟΣ))
Name of four sophists of the imperial age, natives of Lemnos. I. Son of Verus, Philostratus of LEMNOS is said to have taught rhetoric (mid-2nd century AD) in… -
Philotheos Kokkinos (FILOTEO KOKKINOS)
Theologian and Palamite of the 14th century, from Thessalonica. His fame depends on the fact that, being a simple monk on Athos, he was charged with drawing up… -
Philoxenian, Biblical Version (FILOSSENIANA, VERSIONE BIBLICA)
FILOSSENIANA, VERSIONE BIBLICA: V. SIRIACHE, VERSIONI, DELLA BIBBIA. -
Philoxenus of Mabbug (FILOSSENO DI MABBÙG)
Syriac Monophysite theologian of the 5th-6th centuries. A native of Persia, he studied at the school of the Persians, then at Edessa, where he adhered… -
Phinees
Son of Eleazar and grandson of Aaron, third high priest of Israel. His mother was a daughter of Phutiel, whom the Targum of Pseudo-Jonathan identifies with… -
Phira, Diocese of (PHIRA, DIOCESI DI)
PHIRA, DIOCESI DI: v. SANTORINO, DIOCESI di. -
Phithom
A city of northern Egypt (Hebr. Pitōm; Egyptian pr-jtm; Coptic πεθομί or πειθομί; Septuagint Πειθώ). According to Ex. 1:11, an Egyptian king, presumably Ramses… -
Phnom-Penh, Apostolic Vicariate of (PHNOM-PENH, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
It comprises the entire kingdom of Cambodia and some provinces of Cochinchina. On July 19, 1649, this territory was included in the apostolic vicariate of… -
Phobia (FOBIA)
From the Greek φόβος = fear, a particular form of idea that untimely, obstinately, in spite of the subject's will, becomes lodged in the course of thought… -
Phocas, Byzantine Emperor (FOCA, IMPERATORE BIZANTINO)
Having seized the throne in 602, killed in 610. St. Gregory the Great addressed benevolent expressions of homage to him and urged him to moderation toward his… -
Phoenicia and Phoenicians (FENICIA E FENICI)
Phoenicians (Φοίνιτζες) is the name given by the Greeks to the inhabitants of the coastal region west of Lebanon, who instead gave themselves the name… -
Phoenix (FENICE)
A symbolic bird originating from India, according to the Physiologus (J. Strzygowski, Der Bilderkreis des griechischen Physiologus, Leipzig 1890, p. 4), from… -
Phoenix Islands (FENICE, ISOLE DELLA)
FENICE, ISOLE della: v. GILBERT, APOSTOLIC VICARIATE of the ISLANDS. -
Phogor (PHOGOR)
A mountain in Moab (Num. 23:28) north of Phasga (v.), which seems to be identifiable with the present-day range of el-Mušakkar located north of that of Nebo… -
Photinus (FOTINO)
Heretic of the 4th century. A compatriot, disciple and deacon of Marcellus, of Ancyra (the Eastern councils insist greatly on this dependence), P., who… -
Photinus, Saint, Martyr (FOTINO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
PHOTINUS, saint, martyr: v. FOTINO, santo, martire. -
Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople (FOZIO, PATRIARCA DI COSTANTINOPOLI)
Without repeating what is said about the schism of Photius under the entry Byzantium, a brief biography of Photius is given here, along with some notes to… -
Photomechanical Arts (FOTOMECCANICHE, ARTI)
This name designates those processes that allow images to be printed by means of a matrix which, instead of being worked by hand (v. ENGRAVING), is obtained by… -
Phrenology (FRENOLOGIA)
From φρήν = mind and λόγος = discourse. A theory due to F. J. Gall and his pupil and collaborator J. K. Spurzheim (1808-1809), which maintained that the… -
Phul
King of Assyria (II Kings 15:19 and I Chron. 5:26), to be identified "with absolute certainty" (O. Hellmann) with the great king Tiglath-Pileser (745-727), the… -
Phylacteries (FILATTERIE)
Strips of parchment on which passages of the Mosaic Law are written. This custom, attested among the Jews not only by the Gospel (Mt. 23:5) but also by Flavius… -
Phylogeny (FILOGENESI)
Within the framework of the theory of evolution, it denotes the historical order according to which the various groups of living beings would have gradually… -
Physical Indeterminism (INDETERMINISMO FISICO)
Physical i. depends on the uncertainty principle, the foundation of atomic mechanics, due to W. Heisenberg. In classical mechanics determinism holds, already… -
Physical Laws and Statistical Laws (LEGGI FISICHE E LEGGI STATISTICHE)
In the complex of natural phenomena that form the object of scientific research, two groups can be distinguished. One of them is constituted by all those… -
Physical Premotion (PREMOZIONE FISICA)
It is the prior and immediate concurrence or influence of God upon the activity of every creature and especially upon human action, even free action, according… -
Physical Theories (TEORIE FISICHE)
By physical theory is meant, in the most general sense, a rational explanation of a phenomenon or of a set of physical phenomena, where explanation means… -
Physician (MEDICO)
The profession of the physician occupies, by excellence and importance, the first place after that of the priest. Ancient deontological texts such as, for… -
Physics (FISICA)
From the Greek φύσις (nature). This is the name given to the science that studies the generic properties of matter and of the elementary particles that… -
Physiocrats, Physiocracy (FISIOCRATI, FISIOCRAZIA)
An economic doctrine set forth in France by François Quesnay, the founder of political economy as a systematic science and, at the same time, the founder of… -
Physiologus
Name of a Christian work that gives an allegorical interpretation of the facts (or supposed facts) of the life of animals and minerals. The interpretation… -
Physiology (FISIOLOGIA)
From the Greek φύσις = nature and λογέω = I investigate, physiology is the science of the functioning of the living organism. Being eminently experimental in… -
Phytolatry (FITOLATRIA)
FITOLATRIA: v. PIANTA, CULTO della.