PHARAOH (Egyptian Par-ō [prʃʰiʃ] "elevated house," that is, the royal palace; Hebrew par'ōh, Greek Φαραώ[ν], Latin Pharao[n]). - A term used to designate the house of the king in Egypt and, from the 18th dynasty onward, the person of the king; from 900 B.C. the term regularly precedes, as a title, the name of the king; whence Flavius Josephus (Antiq. Jud., VIII, 6, 2): ὁ Φαραὼν κατ' Αἰγυπτίους βασιλέα σημαίνει. In the Bible from Gen. 12:15-20 onward, with reference to the times of Abraham, of Moses and of the Exodus, the king of Egypt is always impersonally called Pharaoh.
Rationalist criticism made use, among other things, of this argument to deny validity to the Sacred Books. In reality the documents of the Old Kingdom already admit the use of the term to designate the person of the king, although it is also applied to the royal palace.
Bibliography7 worksF. Vigouroux, Les Livres Saints et la critique rationaliste, IV, 5th ed., Paris 1902, p. 375 sq.; C. Lagier, Pharaon, in DB, V, coll. 190-93
BIBL.: F. Vigouroux, Les Livres Saints et la critique rationaliste, IV, 5th ed., Paris 1902, p. 375 sq.; C. Lagier, Pharaon, in DB, V, coll. 190-93; A. Erman-H. Ranke, Ägypten und ägyptisches Leben, 2nd ed., Tübingen 1923; A. Moret, Le Nil et la civilisation égyptienne, Paris 1926, pp. 158-59; A. Erman-H. Grapow, Wörterbuch d. ägyptischen Sprache, I, Leipzig 1926, p. 516 sq.; Horapollinis Hieroglyphica, essay by F. Sbordone, Naples 1940, pp. 124-25, § 61; H. van De Walle - J. Vergote, Traduction des Hieroglyphica d'Horapollon, in Chron. d'Egypte, 17 (1943), pp. 84-87.
Calderini, Aristide. “FARAONE (EGIZ. PAR-Ō [PRƩʰIƩ] « CASA ELEVATA », CIOÈ LA REGGIA; EBR. PAR'ŌH, GR. ΦΑΡΑΏ[Ν], LAT. PHARAO[N]).” In Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, coll. 1032–1033. Città del Vaticano: Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950. https://azioneromana.com/article/faraone-egiz-par-o-prshhish-casa-elevata-cioe-la-reggia-ebr-par-oh-gr-pharao-n-lat-pharao-n.
MLA
Calderini, Aristide. “FARAONE (EGIZ. PAR-Ō [PRƩʰIƩ] « CASA ELEVATA », CIOÈ LA REGGIA; EBR. PAR'ŌH, GR. ΦΑΡΑΏ[Ν], LAT. PHARAO[N]).” Enciclopedia Cattolica, vol. V, Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico, 1950, coll. 1032–1033. Azione Romana, https://azioneromana.com/article/faraone-egiz-par-o-prshhish-casa-elevata-cioe-la-reggia-ebr-par-oh-gr-pharao-n-lat-pharao-n.
BibTeX
@incollection{ec5_faraone_egiz_par_o_prshhish_ca,
author = {Calderini, Aristide},
title = {FARAONE (EGIZ. PAR-Ō [PRƩʰIƩ] « CASA ELEVATA », CIOÈ LA REGGIA; EBR. PAR'ŌH, GR. ΦΑΡΑΏ[Ν], LAT. PHARAO[N])},
booktitle = {Enciclopedia Cattolica},
volume = {V},
pages = {1032--1033},
note = {Cited by column},
publisher = {Ente per l’Enciclopedia Cattolica e per il Libro Cattolico},
address = {Città del Vaticano},
year = {1950},
url = {https://azioneromana.com/article/faraone-egiz-par-o-prshhish-casa-elevata-cioe-la-reggia-ebr-par-oh-gr-pharao-n-lat-pharao-n}
}
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