P
1,512 articles · 233 under Pr · English index · Indice italiano-
Prades, Jean Martin de
Anti-Catholic writer, b. at Castelsarrasin (diocese of Montauban) in 1720, d. at Glogau in 1782. Having gone to Paris to take his degree in theology, he made… -
Prado, Jerónimo de
Jesuit, b. at Baeza (Andalusia) in 1547, d. at Rome on 13 Jan. 1595. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1572, he was for 16 years professor of exegesis in… -
Pradt, Dominique Dufour de (PRADT, DOMINIQUE DUPOUR DE)
French prelate, b. 23 April 1759 at Allanches, d. 18 March 1837 in Paris. A deputy of the clergy to the Estates General in 1789, he voted against the Civil… -
Praecepta de Chartis Perditis
PRAECEPTA DE CHARTIS PERDITIS: v. APPENNES. -
Praeclara Custos Virginum
Hymn of Matins for the feast of the Immaculate Conception, composed in the 17th century and introduced into the Breviary in 1845. The author is unknown. In… -
Praedestinatus
An anonymous and untitled work, to which the first editor, J. Sirmond, gave this title. The first book combats 90 heresies, the penultimate of which is the… -
Praetextatus, Vettius Agorius (Vettius Agorius Praetextatus) (PRETESTATO, VETTIO AGORIO (VETTIUS AGORIUS PRAETEXTATUS))
A characteristic representative of the religious syncretism of the educated classes in the 4th century, he was, together with Nicomachus Flavianus and… -
Praetorium (PRETORIO)
Etymologically, it is the place where the Roman praetor established the office of judge. Originally, in mobile camps, it was the tent of the… -
Praetorius, Michael
Composer and music theorist, b. 15 Feb. 1571 at Kreuzburg (Thuringia), d. 15 Feb. 1621 at Wolfenbüttel (Brunswick). He was organist (from 1604), chapel master… -
Pragmatic Sanction (PRAMMATICA SANZIONE)
I. Pragmatica sanctio is the name applied in the late Roman Empire to a type of imperial constitution, whose nature is disputed and not reducible to a single… -
Pragmatism (PRAGMATISMO)
A direction in contemporary philosophy, among the most fortunate and widespread, which has had vast and at times profound repercussions, not only in the field… -
Prague, Archdiocese of (PRAGA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
Capital city of Czechoslovakia and archdiocese situated in the center of Bohemia on the banks of the Vltava, built on 7 hills. Because of its position and its… -
Prat, Ferdinand
Exegete, b. at La Préterie (Aveyron, France) on 10 Feb. 1857, d. at Toulouse on 4 Aug. 1938. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1876, he studied Oriental… -
Prati, Giovanni
Poet, b. Jan. 27, 1814 at Campomaggiore near Dasindo (Trento), d. in Rome on May 9, 1884. His poetic activity can be divided into three periods. The first (c.… -
Prato (a Prato), Giovanni
Priest and journalist, b. at Rovereto on 29 Oct. 1812, d. there on 13 June 1883. A priest in 1835, in 1842 he took up the teaching of religion at the Seminary… -
Prato, Diocese of (PRATO, DIOCESI DI)
City and diocese in Tuscany, united with Pistoia (v.). The diocese, established in 1653 by the dismemberment of a part of the territory of the diocese of… -
Praxedes, Saint (PRASSEDE, SANTA)
She is commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on July 21; the Itineraries of the 7th century record her buried in the cemetery of Priscilla on the Via… -
Prayer (PREGHIERA)
Language of praise, or invocation, or petition, addressed by man to God. SUMMARY: I. Nature and definition. - II. Psychology. - III. Forms and degrees. - IV.… -
Prayer (Ascetic) (ORAZIONE (ASCETICA))
I. DEFINITION. - An intimate converse of the soul with God and the saints, or a pious elevation of the mind to God (St. John Damascene, De Fide, III, 24: PG… -
Prayer Book
PRAYER BOOK: v. BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. -
Prayer (Liturgy) (ORAZIONE (LITURGIA))
Here the term o. is taken in the precise meaning it assumes in the liturgy: the prayer recited by the officiant (bishop or priest) as an interpreter before God… -
Preaching (PREDICAZIONE)
PREDICAZIONE: v. ORATORIA SACRA. -
Pre-Adamism (PREADAMISMO)
PREADAMISMO: v. POLIGENISMO. -
Preambles of the Faith (Praeambula Fidei) (PREAMBOLI DELLA FEDE (PRAWAMBULA FIDEI))
This expression designates the truths that must and can be known by reason before, through infused faith and actual Grace, the faithful adhere to the revealed… -
Preanimism (PREANIMISMO)
PREANIMISMO: v. PRIMITIVI, RELIGIONE dei. -
Prebend (PREBENDA)
From Lat. praebere (to furnish) it is the revenue of an ecclesiastical benefice. The term belongs to ecclesiastical literature and indicates the right that a… -
Precaria
Name of an agrarian contract that was widely diffused especially between the 6th and 12th centuries. As a rule its object was the conferral in usufruct of an… -
Pre-Caroline Minuscule, Script and Illumination (MINUSCOLA PRECAROLINA, SCRITTURA E MINIATURA)
MINUSCOLA PRECAROLINA, SCRITTURA e MINIATURA: v. CAROLINA SCRITTURA e MINIATURA. -
Precedence (PRECEDENZA)
It is the right to precede other persons and therefore to have the most noble place in assemblies and functions of a public character. Its foundation rests on… -
Precept (PRECETTO)
I. NOTION. - It is a command given by the competent authority for a determined period of time, or even in perpetuity, to individual persons even if in fact… -
Prechtl
German Benedictine controversialist, b. at Hahnbach (Palatinate) on 20 Aug. 1757, d. at Amberg on 12 June 1832. A priest in 1781, he taught canon law and… -
Preconio, Ottaviano
Conventual Franciscan theologian, b. at Castroreale (Messina) around the end of the 15th century, d. at Palermo on 18 July 1568. A master of theology and a… -
Preconization (PRECONIZZAZIONE)
It is the proclamation of the elevation of an ecclesiastic to the episcopal or cardinalatial dignity. It is carried out after an informative process, requested… -
Predella
In wood and marble, it is the panel or marble slab in the form of a very elongated rectangle, often divided into various compartments, which constitutes the… -
Predelli, Riccardo
Scholar, b. at Rovereto on 19 May 1840, d. at Venice on 1 March 1909. Forced to leave his native Trentino because of his Italian sentiments, he moved to… -
Predestinarianism (PREDESTINAZIONISMO)
A heresy that attributes both the salvation of the elect and the damnation of the reprobate solely to an eternal and unconditional decree of God, and excludes… -
Predestination (PREDESTINAZIONE)
It is the design conceived by God to lead the rational creature to the supernatural end, which is eternal life. I. THE TEACHING OF REVELATION. - The Gospel is… -
Predetermination (PREDETERMINAZIONE)
PREDETERMINAZIONE: V. PREMOZIONE FISICA. -
Predicables (PREDICABILI)
The term (Gk. κατηγορούμενα, whence also, in Italian, "categoremes") means "that which can be predicated" of another. In a technical sense in logic, the… -
Predicament (PREDICAMENTO)
PREDICAMENTO: v. CATEGORIA. -
Pre-established Harmony (ARMONIA PRESTABILITÀ)
It is a doctrine — or hypothesis — central to Leibniz, which, although it has various historical roots (Pythagorean harmony, Platonic mimesis of ideas in… -
Preface (PREFAZIO)
It is the solemn prayer of praise and thanksgiving sung or recited, after the Offertory has ended, at the beginning of the action of the Sacrifice. The word P.… -
Prefect of Pontifical Ceremonies (PREFETTO DELLE CERIMONIE PONTIFICIE)
PREFETTO DELLE CERIMONIE PONTIFICIE: V. FAMIGLIA PONTIFICIA. -
Prefecture Apostolic of Misurata (MISURATA, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is situated in the eastern coastal part of Tripolitania. It was erected on 22 June 1939 with part of the territory of the then apostolic vicariate of… -
Prefecture Apostolic of Miyazaki (MIYAZAKI, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
Located in the eastern part of the island of Kyushu (southern Japan), it comprises the two civil provinces of M. and Oita. This circumscription was first… -
Prefecture of Sikasso (SIKASSO, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is located in French West Africa, specifically in Sudan. It was erected on 27 Oct. 1947 with the two administrative districts of S. and Koutiala, detached… -
Prefecture of Sikkim (SIKKIM, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)
It is located in northeastern India. On July 3, 1883 and March 20, 1912, respectively, British Bhutan, constituting the civil district of Kalimpong, and a part… -
Pregnancy (GRAVIDANZA)
It is the state of a woman who carries within herself one or more fertilized ova that develop, through the stages of embryo and fetus, up to that organic… -
Pregnancy Toxicoses (INTOSSICAZIONI GRAVIDICHE)
Under this designation it is intended to group together all those morbid states whose principal characteristics are that they are closely bound to the pregnant… -
Prehistory (Religious Manifestations) (PREISTORIA (MANIFESTAZIONI RELIGIOSE))
By prehistory is meant the most ancient phases of human civilizations for which written evidence is lacking and which can be partially reconstructed only on… -
Prelate (Prae-Latus, Antistes, Praesul) (PRELATO (PRAE-LATUS, ANTISTES, PRAESUL))
A person superior to others in dignity. In current canon law, in the strict sense, it designates members of the secular or regular clergy having jurisdiction… -
Prelature Nullius (PRELATURA NULLIUS)
P. nullius (that is, nullius dioeceseos) in a generic sense indicates a church which is withdrawn from the jurisdiction of the bishop. In a specific sense it… -
Preliminary Investigation (ISTRUTTORIA)
It is the activity intended to submit, from the evidentiary standpoint, to the judge's examination the material of cognition necessary for the determination of… -
Preliminary Questions (PREGIUDIZIALI, QUESTIONI)
These are the questions that in a given judicial proceeding must be resolved preliminarily, since their decision necessarily affects the principal action. It… -
Premarital Examination (PREMATRIMONIALE, VISITA)
A medical examination imposed or recommended, according to the various nations, on those intending to enter into marriage, and which entails the issuance of a… -
Premoli, Orazio
Barnabite, b. at Crema on 20 May 1864, d. at Segni (Rome) on 22 Aug. 1928. First rector of the "Zaccaria" Institute in Milan, then assistant general; historian… -
Premoli, Paolo Filippo
Barnabite, b. at Crema in 1692, d. there on 21 March 1771. Penitentiary and commentator of Holy Scripture at the cathedral of Bologna, confessor of Card.… -
Premonstratensians (PREMOSTRATENSI)
Canons regular who took their name from Prémontré (diocese of Soissons), where in 1120 they were founded by St. Norbert of Xanten (v.) according to the rule of… -
Prepositi
They were the officials in charge of administration in the cemetery basilicas of St. Peter, St. Paul, St. Lawrence and St. Pancras, and of their lighting, as… -
Prepositus of Cremona (PREPOSITINO DI CREMONA)
Theologian and liturgist, b. c. 1150, d. in Paris c. 1210. He studied law perhaps at Bologna and theology at Paris, at the school of Maurice of Sully; having… -
Pre-Raphaelites and Pre-Raphaelism (PRERAFFAELLITI E PRERAFFAELLISMO)
These are the terms by which the followers of a particular aesthetic doctrine, and the doctrine itself, are designated; they established themselves in England… -
Presbyterianism (PRESBITERIANESIMO)
I. THE PRESBYTERIAN SYSTEM. - Presbyterianism is above all a conception of the Church which, unlike episcopalianism and congregationalism, implies two… -
Presbyterium (Sacrarium, Sanctuary) (PRESBITERIO (SACRARIUM, SANTUARIO))
The space intended for the bishop and the priests during sacred functions. It was located opposite the entrance, slightly raised by one or more steps, thus… -
Presciti
PRESCITI: v. PREDESTINAZIONE. -
Prescription (PRESCRIZIONE)
It is a means by which, through the passage of time and the concurrence of determinate conditions and circumstances, someone acquires or loses a right or is… -
Presentation Brothers (FRATELLI DELLA PRESENTAZIONE)
In 1802, at Waterford, Edmund Ignatius Rice founded the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools of Ireland (v.) for the instruction and religious… -
Presentation of Mary, Saint, Feast of the (PRESENTAZIONE DI MARIA S.MA, FESTA DELLA)
The feast of the P. is one of the minor Marian feasts of the universal Church and is celebrated with double major rite on Nov. 21. The only liturgical text… -
Preservation of the Faith and Provision of New Churches in Rome (PRESERVAZIONE DELLA FEDE E PROVISTA DI NUOVE CHIESE IN ROMA)
Established by Pius XI (motu proprio In allocutione, of 5 Aug. 1930: AAS, 22 [1930], p. 337) in replacement and expansion of the Opera della p. d. f., created… -
President of the Tribunal (PRESIDENTE DEL TRIBUNALE)
He is the magistrate placed at the head of a collegiate tribunal; to him belongs the direction of the proceedings, and in general the adoption of the measures… -
Prešov of the Ruthenians, Diocese of (PRESOV DEI RUTENI, DIOCESI DI)
Diocese (eparchy) in Slovakia, of the Byzantine-Slavic rite. It was formed by dividing up the territory of the diocese of Mukačevo. In 1790 Bishop Andrea… -
Preston, Thomas Scott
Priest, b. July 23, 1824 in Hartford, in the state of Connecticut (U.S.A.), d. Nov. 4, 1891 in New York. Of strong character and great piety, he studied at the… -
Presumed Right (DIRITTO QUESITO)
Canon 10 of the CIC, in conformity with what Roman law established, namely that a law cannot have effect with respect to facts that occurred prior to its… -
Presumption (PRESUNZIONE)
The term p. can be understood in several senses: in the order of feeling, it indicates exaggerated confidence in one's own qualities: it is therefore a form of… -
Presumption (Canon Law) (PRESUNZIONE (DIRITTO CANONICO))
A logical argument whereby, on the basis of the bond of causality that links certain natural and human events to one another, one may deduce the truth or, at… -
Preternatural Gifts (DONI PRETERNATURALI)
I. NOTION. - By this expression are usually meant the privileges that Adam and Eve received at the beginning, in the state of innocence, together with… -
Preti, Mattia, called Il Cavalier Calabrese (PRETI, MATTIA, DETTO IL CAVALIER CALABRESE)
Painter, b. at Taverna (Catanzaro) on 24 Feb. 1613, d. at Malta on 3 Jan. 1699. Barely more than seventeen years old, he went to Naples, and from there… -
Pretoria, Archdiocese of (PRETORIA, ARCIDIOCESI DI)
In the Union of South Africa. The city of P. is the seat of the civil government and capital of the province of Transvaal. In 1869, Fr. Le Bihan preached a… -
Prevention (Economic Problem) (PREVENZIONE (PROBLEMA ECONOMICO))
In economics it is the operation by which provisions are set aside which, although subtracted from ordinary consumption, are not yet productive saving (which… -
Prevention (of Jurisdiction) (PREVENZIONE (DI GIURISDIZIONE))
It is the effect attached to the exercise of a priority, whereby one judge, by preventing the exercise of jurisdiction of another judge, who is likewise… -
Preventive Pedagogy (PEDAGOGIA PREVENTIVA)
It is that aspect of educational method which consists in making the pupil aware of his duties and of the prescriptions imposed upon him, and then in watching… -
Previati, Gaetano
Painter, b. in Ferrara on 31 Aug. 1852, d. in Lavagna on 21 June 1920. As a young man he attended the studio of Amos Cassioli in Florence, then moved (1877) to… -
Previtali, Andrea, also known as Cordegliacchi (PREVITALI, ANDREA, DETTO ANCHE CORDEGLIACHI)
Painter, b. c. 1470, d. in Bergamo in 1528. > (photo by Autor) PREVITALI, ANDREA, also called CORDEGLIAGHI - The Virgin with the Child; at the sides the… -
Prevost d'Exiles, Antoine-François (PRÉVÔST D'EXILES, ANTOINE-FRANÇOIS)
French writer, b. at Hesdin in Artois on 1 April 1697, d. at St-Firmin near Chantilly on 29 November 1763. The son of a king's prosecutor, he was a novice in… -
Prevost, Eugène (PREVÔST, EUGÈNE)
In religion Eugène de la Croix, founder of the Congregations of the Priestly Fraternity and of the Oblates of Bethany, b. 24 Aug. 1860 at Saint-Jérôme de… -
Preysing, Konrad von
Cardinal, b. 30 Aug. 1880 at Kronwinkel (archdiocese of Munich and Freising), d. 21 Dec. 1950 at Berlin. He studied law at the University of Munich and of… -
Price (PREZZO)
I. NOTION. - P. is the value of a unit of goods or service, expressed in money. In free and voluntary exchanges, the p. generally rises as demand increases… -
Pride (SUPERBIA)
It is the disordered love of one's own excellence (Sum. theol., 2a-2ae, q. 84, a. 2). By excellence must be understood everything that elevates one's own… -
Prie, René de
Cardinal, b. in Touraine in 1451, d. 9 September 1519 at the abbey of Notre-Dame de Lyre (Evreux). A cousin of Cardinal Georges d'Amboise, minister of King… -
Priest Gianni (Prete Janni) (PRETE GIANNI (PRETE JANNI))
Throughout the Middle Ages, particularly after the 13th century, the legend of the existence of the mysterious kingdom of Prester John was widely diffused in… -
Priesthood (SACERDOZIO)
From sacra dare, "to furnish, to perform the sacred action," it is the religious-social office and function that an individual holds as the official… -
Priesthood of Christ (SACERDOZIO DI CRISTO)
I. DOCU- MENTI DELLA RIVELAZIONE [DOCUMENTS OF REVELATION]. - The religious relationship between creatures and the Creator is not exhausted in an internal… -
Priesthood of the Faithful (SACERDOZIO DEI FEDELI)
It is the power to participate in the acts of Christian worship communicated to the faithful in Baptism. I. THE PRIESTHOOD OF THE FAITHFUL IN REVELATION AND IN… -
Priestly Fraternity (FRATERNITÀ SACERDOTALE)
Institution that arose in Paris in 1901 on the initiative of Fr. M. E. Prevost (b. 1860, d. 1946), to give priests houses of shelter and rest, where they can… -
Priestly Friendship (AMICIZIA SACERDOTALE)
Secret society for the formation of the young clergy. In documents it is indicated by the abbreviation A. S. It was founded in Turin by Fr. Niccolò von… -
Priestly Society of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei (SOCIETÀ SACERDOTALE DELLA SANTA CROCE ED «OPUS DEI»)
It is the first secular institute of pontifical right, approved according to the norms of the constitution Provida Mater Ecclesia of 2 February 1947, and it is… -
Priest, Presbyterate (PRESBITERO, PRESBITERATO)
Greek term (πρεσβύτερος: elder) by which the second degree (priest) of the hierarchy of Order (v.) is designated. I. ORIGIN. - In the New Testament the… -
Priests of Mercy (PRETI DELLA MISERICORDIA)
A congregation of missionary priests first called the "Society of the Missions of France," founded by Fr. G. B. Rauzan (1757-1847) in Lyon in 1808, for the… -
Priests of Saint Mary of Tinchbray (SACERDOTI DI SANTA MARIA DI TINCHEBRAY)
They were founded in 1851 by Fr. Charles Duguey, then assistant parish priest of Tinchebray, diocese of Séez in France. Fr. Duguey first opened the College of… -
Priests of the Most Holy Sacrament (SACERDOTI DEL S.MO SACRAMENTO)
A religious congregation commonly called the Fathers Sacramentines (S.S.S.), founded in Paris on 13 May 1856 by Bl. Peter Julian Eymard (v.), approved by the… -
Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Bétharram (PRETI DEL SACRO CUORE DI GESÙ DI BÉTHARRAM)
Religious congregation founded by St. Michael Garicoits in 1832 at Bétharram for the education of youth in schools and colleges, for preaching among the people… -
Priests of the Schools of Charity (SACERDOTI DELLE SCUOLE DI CARITÀ)
Religious congregation, also known under the name of the Cavanis Institute, founded in Venice by the servants of God Antonangelo and Marcantonio Cavanis on 2… -
Priests of the Stigmata of N (PRETI DELLE STIMMATE DI N)
They began in Verona on 4 Nov. 1816 as a private union of secular priests for the free operation of a charity school that grew into a gymnasium, and for every… -
Prima
Canonical hour recited at the beginning of the day. It consists of two distinct parts, Prime properly so called (the office of the choir) and the office of the… -
Primacy of Jesus Christ (PRIMATO DI GESÙ CRISTO)
The primacy of J.C. in the history of humanity is a fact, attested by chronology. His appearance in the world marked the overturning of the course of the… -
Primacy of Saint Peter and of the Roman Pontiff (PRIMATO DI SAN PIETRO E DEL ROMANO PONTEFICE)
The primacy which the Catholic Church recognizes in St. Peter within the college of the Apostles, and in every Roman Pontiff as the successor of Peter among… -
Primary Qualities (PRIMARIE, QUALITÀ)
They are, according to the common acceptation after Locke (v.), the qualities (v.) of bodies without which the body itself would be inconceivable and which are… -
Primasius (PRIMASIO)
Bishop of Hadrumetum (Byzacena), who lived in the 6th century and died shortly after 552. In the "Three Chapters controversy" he followed the conflicting… -
Primatial See (PRIMAZIALE, SEDE)
It is that cathedral church over which presides a bishop adorned with the title of primate over a determined region. As such the primate precedes the other… -
Primicerius and Secundicerius (PRIMICERIO E SECUNDICERIO)
P. (qui primus cerae seu matriculae erat inscriptus), was originally the one who held the highest office in a given order and was therefore written first at… -
Primitives (PRIMITIVI)
Until about 1860 the question of "regression" or "degeneration" was still alive, that is, whether the primitive peoples, who were then called "savages," of… -
Primo and Feliciano, Saints, Martyrs (PRIMO E FELICIANO, SANTI, MARTIRI)
They are commemorated in the Hieronymian Martyrology on 19 June as buried in an arenarium at the fifteenth mile of the Via Nomentana. On that day they are… -
Primo Die Quo Trinitas
Hymn of Matins of the ordinary Office of Sunday; by an unknown author; it is found in manuscripts of the 9th century (C. Dreves - C. Blume, Anal. hymn., LI.… -
Prince Albert, Diocese of (PRINCE ALBERT, DIOCESI DI)
In the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The Catholic population numbers 32,475 souls gathered in 44 parishes and 78 secondary missions: 36 diocesan priests… -
Prince-Rupert, Apostolic Vicariate of (PRINCE-RUPERT, VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DI)
Located in the extreme northwest of Canada; it is entrusted to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. Hunters and coureurs des bois, married to Indian women, were the… -
Principle (PRINCIPIO)
From primum-capere (caput) it is that which comes first, the origin, the beginning (initium, exordium, origo); it corresponds to the Greek ἀρχή: commencement… -
Prisca, Saint (PRISCA, SANTA)
In Rome in the 7th century a P. martyr was commemorated on Jan. 18, also remembered by the Gregorian Sacramentary. The Itineraries of the same century remember… -
Priscilla
PRISCILLA (PRISCA): v. AQUILA E PRISCILLA (PRISCA). -
Priscilla, Cemetery of (PRISCILLA, CIMITERO DI)
On the Via Salaria nuova (today the entrance is at Via Salaria 430). It is indicated in the Depositio martyrum and in the Leonine Sacramentary - for the… -
Priscillian and Priscillianism (PRISCILLIANO E PRISCILLIANISMO)
Heresiarch, intruded bishop of Avila (ca. 345-85), whose tragic fortunes criticism is progressively clarifying. The accusations of heresy against him derive… -
Prisco, Giuseppe
Cardinal, b. at Boscotrecase (Naples) on 8 Sept. 1833, d. at Naples on 4 Feb. 1923. He studied at the Seminary of Naples, under the guidance of G. Sanseverino… -
Prison (CARCERE)
The Romans called carcer the place of custody for those condemned to the death penalty or to corporal punishments; and, both among them and among nearly all… -
Priuli, Alvise
Scholar and prelate, b. in Venice at the beginning of the 16th century, d. in Padua on 15 July 1560. He was part of that Paduan circle which formed around… -
Privation (PRIVAZIONE)
PRIVAZIONE: V. PENA; PENE VENDICATIVE. -
Priverno, Diocese of (PRIVERNO, DIOCESI DI)
PRIVERNO, Diocese of: V. TERRACINA, DIOCESI di: -
Privilege (PRIVILEGIO)
A juridical norm contained in the law or issued by a superior for the benefit of a category or of a person. From the sources of Roman law it emerges that the… -
Privileges of the Clergy (PRIVILEGI DEI CHIERICI)
These are special immunities that form part of the broader category of ecclesiastical immunity (v.) and together represent the so-called personal immunity.… -
Prjasev, Diocese of (PRJASEV, DIOCESI DI)
PRJASEV, DIOCESE OF: v. PRESOV dei BUTENI, DIOCESE of. -
Prńsdoces, Saint, Martyr (PRŃSDOCE, SANTA, MARTIRE)
PRŃSDOCE, santa, martire: v. BERNICE, PRŃSDOCE AND DOMININA, saints, martyrs. -
Pro Apostolic Prefects and Pro Apostolic Vicars (PRO PREFETTI APOSTOLICI E PRO VICARI APOSTOLICI)
PRO PREFETTI APOSTOLICI e PRO VICARI APOSTOLICI: v. PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA; VICARIATO APOSTOLICO. -
Proba
Poetess, daughter of the consul Petronius Probianus (322) and wife of the praefectus urbi Adelius (351), she introduced into Christianity the fashion (v.… -
Probabiliorism (PROBABILIORISMO)
From the Latin comparative probabilior (more probable); it denotes the moral system which, in doubt about the lawfulness of an action, holds that it is lawful… -
Probabilism (PROBABILISMO)
I. MORAL THEOLOGY. - The term is used in theology to designate the moral system that admits as a legitimate norm of conduct, in the face of uncertainty of… -
Probability (PROBABILITÀ)
In the sense now common, a fact is probable which, while not presenting itself as absolutely certain, is nevertheless presumable to have happened or to be… -
Probability, Calculus of (PROBABILITÀ, CALCOLO DELLE)
Science that deals, both from the theoretical and from the practical point of view, with the study of causal or random events, that is, of those physical… -
Probatica
The "sheep" gate (προβατική), in Jerusalem. An ancient tradition, both Eastern and Western, has identified, on the basis of certain Greek codices and of the… -
Probation (PROBANDATO)
By p. is meant that period of time which the aspirant to the religious life places before the postulancy (v.) or the novitiate (v.), when the postulancy is not… -
Probinus, Roman Senator (PROBINO, SENATORE ROMANO)
Consul in 489, he was, together with Festus (v.), at the head of the opposition against Pope Symmachus. He received praise from Ennodius of Pavia (Opusc., VI… -
Problematicism (PROBLEMATICISMO)
"Problematicism" generally denotes every "critical philosophy," that is, every method that intends to begin philosophizing with an examination of its own… -
Probst, Ferdinando (PROBST, FERDINANO)
Liturgist, b. at Ehingen (Württemberg) on 29 March 1816, d. at Breslau on 26 Dec. 1899. He did his early studies in his native town, which he later completed… -
Probus, Marcus Aurelius (M. Aurelius Probus), Roman Emperor (PROBO, MARCO AURELIO (M. AURELIUS PROBUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
Born at Sirmium on 19 August 232, died there in September 282. He had a rapid and brilliant career in the army and was showered with honors by the emperors. In… -
Procaccini
Family of Bolognese painters, later transferred to Milan. ERCOLE THE ELDER, the progenitor, b. in Bologna in 1515, d. in Milan on 5 Jan. 1595. Lomazzo recalls… -
Process (PROCESSO)
In a broad sense, "process" means a body of norms that regulate and govern any procedure directed toward the ascertainment and definition, or the realization… -
Procession (PROCESSIONE)
From pro "forward" and cedere "to walk," it is in general the ceremonial, public, measured-pace advance of a group that precedes or follows an image or an… -
Processus and Martinianus, Saints, Martyrs (PROCESSO E MARTINIANO, SANTI, MARTIRI)
According to P. Franchi de' Cavalieri, their supposed status as jailers of the apostles Peter and Paul, indicated in the legendary Passio, would have… -
Prochiro (PRÓCHIRO)
An Eastern compilation, in a proem and forty titles, probably promulgated in 879, during the reign of Basil I, Constantine and Leo. It takes its name from what… -
Prochorus (Prochorus, Πρόχορος) (PRÓCORO (PROCHORUS, ΠΡΌΓΟΡΕΣ))
One of the seven deacons (Acts 6:5) ordained by the Apostles for the service of the community of Jerusalem (ibid. 6:1-6), third in the series after Stephen and… -
Proclus, Saint (PRÓCLO, SANTO)
Bishop of Constantinople, d. 446; in 426 he was appointed bishop of Cyzicus, but had to remain in Constantinople because his diocesans refused him. In 428-30… -
Procopius of Caesarea (PROCOPIO DI CESAREA)
Byzantine historian, b. toward the end of the 5th century, d. after 563. Little is known of his life: he studied law and in 527, by the will of Justin… -
Procopius of Gaza (PROCOPIO DI GAZA)
A notable representative of the Christian school of Gaza, d. ca. 530; author of great biblical commentaries in the form of "chains" (v.). 163 epistles of P.… -
Procopius of Sázava (Prokop), Saint (PROCOPIO DI SÁZAVA (PROKOP), SANTO)
B. at Chotouň in Bohemia, d. 25 March 1053. Educated at Vyšehrad in Hungary, in the Slavic rite, he returned to Bohemia with the intention of contributing to… -
Procopius, Saint, Martyr (PROCOPIO, SANTO, MARTIRE)
He is commemorated by the Greeks and Latins on 8 July. According to Eusebius, he was the first martyr of Caesarea in Palestine in the persecution of… -
Procopius the Great (PROCOPIO IL GRANDE)
Commander of the Hussites, b. c. 1380, d. at Lipany on 30 May 1434. Ordained a priest, he sided with the most radical party of the Hussites (the Taborites)… -
Procula, Claudia
Name attributed to Pilate's wife by an ancient tradition. She was readily held to belong to the gens Procula, which, according to Tacitus, belonged to the… -
Procuracy (PROCURA)
PROCURA: v. RAPPRESENTANZA. -
Procurator (PROCURATORE (PROCURATOR))
A name designating certain officials of the Roman imperial period. Their institution goes back to Augustus, who had placed procuratores Augusti, of equestrian… -
Procurator General (PROCURATORE GENERALE)
In canon law, he is the religious who ordinarily handles with the Roman Curia the affairs of the religious society to which he belongs, and has an honorary… -
Procurators of the Sacred Apostolic Palaces (PROCURATORI DEI SACRI PALAZZI APOSTOLICI)
A college of persons (currently 12), chosen from the entire Order of the p. of the Curia, to whom is granted the right to present and defend the rights of… -
Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
Decoration (cross) instituted by Leo XIII with the apostolic letter Quod singulari Dei concessi of 17 July 1888 (Acta Leonis XIII, 8 [1889], p. 259), so that… -
Professional Orders and Colleges (ORDINI E COLLEGI PROFESSIONALI)
Professional orders and colleges (the former for the professions whose practice requires a doctoral degree and the latter for those for which a diploma… -
Professional Representation (RAPPRESENTANZA PROFESSIONALE)
Alongside the notion of political representation, the notably different notion of professional representation has been increasingly taking shape in recent… -
Professional Unions (UNIONI PROFESSIONALI)
UNIONI PROFESSIONALI : V. ORDINI E COLLEGI PROFESSIONALI. -
Profession of Faith (PROFESSIONE DI FEDE)
In a broad sense it is any external act of Christian virtue that presupposes faith: in a proper and formal sense it is the explicit manifestation of one's own… -
Profit (PROFITTO)
This term generally means the net return of the entrepreneur, corresponding to the interest that belongs to the capitalist and to the wages owed to the worker.… -
Profumo, Attilio
Archaeologist and historian, b. in Genoa in 1859, d. in Rome in 1945. He first studied architecture in Naples, then, having moved to Rome, he devoted himself… -
Progeny (PROLE)
From proles, it is offspring, that is, the aggregate of children, the subject of rights and duties within the family. The natural instinct, which places the… -
Progress (PROGRESSO)
Without reference to particular activities (economic, spiritual, industrial, juridical, etc.), the word currently sums up two converging concepts: the… -
Progressive Paralysis (PARALISI PROGRESSIVA)
PARALISI PROGRESSIVA: V. DEMENZA. -
Prohászka, Ottokar
One of the greatest Hungarian writers of the 20th century, b. at Nitra on 10 Oct. 1858, d. at Budapest on 2 Apr. 1927. He completed his studies in Rome, at the… -
Prohibited Societies (Secret Societies) (SOCIETÀ PROIBITE (SÈTTE))
By their very nature, those societies are forbidden which propose an unlawful end to themselves, or which, while pursuing a good end, intend to attain it by… -
Prohibited Time (TEMPO PROIBITO)
Canon 1108 § 1 of the CIC establishes the principle of freedom to contract marriage at any time, abolishing the local prohibitions still existing here and… -
Prohibitionism (PROIBIZIONISMO)
In its modern meaning, it designates legislation tending to prohibit the consumption of alcoholic beverages by means of bans on sale and, at times, on… -
Pro Juárez, Miguel Agustín
Jesuit, b. at Concepción del Oro (Zacatecas) on 18 Jan. 1891, d., shot, in Mexico City on 23 Nov. 1927. Having entered the Society of Jesus in 1911, he was… -
Prokopovich, Feofan (Trofane) (PROKOPOVIĆ, FEOFAN (TROFANE))
Ecclesiastic and politician, adviser to Peter the Great, standard-bearer of the Protestantizing tendency in the Russian Church and theology, b. at Kiev on 8… -
Proletariat (PROLETARIATO)
In ancient Rome, proletarians or capite censi were those who were registered in the census only for their person and not for their property (capite censi), or… -
Promise (PROMESSA)
It is the cause of an obligatory relationship, unilateral or bilateral, produced by the will of one or more persons who freely and spontaneously bind… -
Promoter of Justice (PROMOTORE DI GIUSTIZIA)
The promotor of justice (p. di g.) is a minister of the Tribunal who, under the guidance of the Ordinary (or, in the tribunals of the Holy See, of the judges… -
Promoter of the Faith (PROMOTORE DELLA FEDE)
The P. of the F. (quaesitor de honoribus caelestium) is the priest who by office must safeguard the rights of the faith and the observance of ecclesiastical… -
Promotion (PROMOZIONE)
An Italianized English word, frequently used to mean the advancement of workers both in the technical-professional sense (the ladder of classifications from… -
Propaganda
If certain truth (whether revealed, scientific or moral) conquers minds slowly and therefore requires dissemination and popularization, simple opinions that… -
Propagation of Christianity (PROPAGAZIONE DEL CRISTIANESIMO)
I. L'OPERA APOSTOLICA. - It is easy to follow the stages of the growing expansion of the faith in the apostolic age: the first called were the Hebraizing Jews… -
Propagation of the Faith, Pontifical Work of the (PROPAGAZIONE DELLA FEDE, OPERA PONTIFICIA DELLA)
PROPAGAZIONE DELLA FEDE, OPERA PONTIFICIA della: v. OPERE PONTIFICIE MISSIONARIE. -
Proper of Saints (PROPRIUM SANCTORUM)
PROPRIUM SANCTORUM : v. SANTORALE. -
Proper of Time (PROPRIUM DE TEMPORE)
PROPRIUM DE TEMPORE : v. TEMPORALE. -
Property (PROPRIETÀ)
A juridical term indicating the relationship of eminent sovereignty or dominion that a person (individual or collective, private or public) comes to acquire… -
Prophet (PROFETA)
I. NELLA S. SCRITTURA. - (Heb. nābhi; Lat. propheta from Gk. προφήτης). One who, by divine vocation, speaks in the place and in the name of God (Deut. 18:18… -
Propitiatory (PROPIZIATORIO)
A gold plate that covered the upper part of the Ark of the Covenant (v.). Of unspecified thickness, it measured two and a half cubits (= approx. 1.31 m) in… -
Proposition (PROPOSIZIONE)
From Lat. pro-ponere, "to place before." The Greek πρότασις (προκτίθημι) corresponds to it, referring, for the most part, to the proposition as the premise of… -
Proposition, Breads of the (PROPOSIZIONE, PANI DELLA)
Twelve ritual loaves offered to God every Sabbath on a special table in the Sanctuary, where they remained for the whole week. They are called lēhem pāniem… -
Prosdocimo, Saint (PROSDOCIMO, SANTO)
According to what is commonly related of him, he would have been a disciple of St. Peter and sent by him to Padua as its first bishop; he would then have… -
Proselyte (PROSELITO)
A believer of non-Israelite origin who had embraced the Mosaic religion (προσήλυτος "one who has come over, added"). Philo (v.) considers the Jewish law… -
Proserpina
PROSERPINA : v. ORFICI MISTERI. -
Prospero Antichi, called Il Bresciano (PROSPERO ANTICHI, DETTO IL BRESCIANO)
Sculptor, b. in Brescia, active in Rome from c. 1580, d. there in 1599. He belongs to the group of Lombard artists who cooperated, under the pontificates of… -
Prosper of Aquitaine (PROSPERO DI AQUITANIA)
Gallo-Roman theologian, b. at the end of the 4th century, d. around 455. Around 426 he composed his Carmen de ingratis in 1002 hexameters (PL 51, 91-148)… -
Prostitution (PROSTITUZIONE)
It is sexual activity exercised outside of marriage, especially by women and usually for profit, with anyone who requests it. It is said "especially by women,"… -
Prostration (Προσκύνησις) (PROSTRAZIONE (ΠΡΟΣΚΎΝΗΣΙΣ))
It is the act of throwing oneself to the ground, touching it with one's forehead, a sign of the deepest humiliation and submission. A natural act found in the… -
Protagoras (PROTAGORA)
PROTAGORA: v. SOFISTI. -
Protasius, Saint Martyr (PROTASIO, SANTO MARTIRE)
PROTASIO, santo martire: v. GERVASIUS AND PROTASIUS, saints, martyrs. -
Protectionism (PROTEZIONISMO)
Protectionism is part of that artificial system of expedients and maneuvers that constitutes economic policy. I. PROTECTIONISM AND FREE TRADE. - 1. Antagonism.… -
Protection of Workers (PROTEZIONE DEI LAVORATORI)
The protection or safeguarding of labor is a principle common to contemporary States, often proclaimed in constitutional charters or in special charters, and… -
Protection of Young Women, International Catholic Association of Works for the (PROTEZIONE DELLA GIOVANE, ASSOCIAZIONE CATTOLICA INTERNAZIONALE DELLE OPERE per la)
The Association carries out a work not of redemption but of preservation on behalf of the young woman in the face of the dangers she may encounter in travel…