Tumor(TUMORE)Vol. XII, p. 390 TUMOR. – From tumor = swelling, more properly called “neoplasm” (from the Greek = new formation), is an atypical proliferation of elements of the organism’s…
Tungchow, Apostolic Prefecture of(TUNGCHOW, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XII, p. 392 TUNGCHOW, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the centre of the province of Shensi (northern China). It was erected as a mission sui iuris on 3 Nov. 1931, with 12…
Tunic(TUNICA)Vol. XII, p. 392 TUNICA. – A word from the Indo-European root tun, “to cover, tighten, bind”; diminutives: tunicula, tunicella; Italian: tonaca. Corresponding to the Greek…
TunisiaVol. XII, p. 395 TUNISIA. – Arab state of North Africa, independent until 1881, then (Treaty of Bardo) a French protectorate, and since 1946 an associated state within the…
Tunja, Diocese of(TUNJA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 397 TUNJA, DIOCESE OF. - Diocese and city in the Republic of Colombia (South America). It has an area of 29,094 sq. km., with a population of 924,000 inhabitants,…
TunkersVol. XII, p. 397 TUNKERS. – Derogatory name given to the German Baptists, also called Dunkers. I. HISTORY. - This branch of the Baptists was founded at Marienborn (Wetterau) in…
Tunki, Apostolic Prefecture of(TUNKI, PREFETTURA APOSTOLICA DI)Vol. XII, p. 397 TUNKI, APOSTOLIC PREFECTURE of. - In the south-eastern part of the province of Anhwei, in central China. It was erected on 22 Feb. 1937 from 6 civil…
Tunstall, CuthbertVol. XII, p. 397 TUNSTALL, CUTHBERT. – Theologian and bishop, born at Hackforth around 1474, died in London on 18 November 1559. After graduating from Oxford, he was appointed…
Tuntang, Archdiocese of(TUNTANG, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 397 TUNTANG, ARCIDIOCESI di: v. PECHINO, ARCIDIOCESI di.
Tura, Cosimo, called Cosmè(TURA, COSIMO, DETTO COSMÉ)Vol. XII, p. 397 TURA, COSIMO, called COSMÉ. – Painter, b. at Guarda Ferrarese about 1430 and d. at Ferrara in Apr. 1495. From an examination of his youthful works, such as the…
Turati, FilippoVol. XII, p. 398 TURATI, FILIPPO. – Politician, founder of the Italian Socialist Party, born at Canzo (Como) on 27 November 1857, died in exile in Paris on 30 March 1932. He…
Turco-Mongols(TURCO-MONGOLI)Vol. XII, p. 407 TURCO-MONGOLI. — I. The Turkic peoples have spread throughout Asia and Europe. In south-eastern Europe there are the Ottoman Turks of Anatolia, the only ones…
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich(TURGENEV, IVAN SERGEEVIĆ)Vol. XII, p. 409 TURGENEV, IVAN SERGEEVIĆ. — Russian writer, b. at Orel on 28 October 1818, d. on 22 August 1883 at Bougival in France. He spent a large part of his life in…
Turibius (Thoribus, Turribus), Saint(TURIBIO (THORIBUS, TURRIBUS), SANTO)Vol. XII, p. 409 TURIBIO (Thoribus, Turribus), saint. — Bishop of Astorga (Galicia) in the mid-fifth century. Absent from his homeland for many years, apparently with the aim…
Turibulum(TURIBOLO)Vol. XII, p. 410 TURIBOLO. — From the Latin thus, thuris, “incense,” it is a metal vessel for burning perfumes, whose religious use is attested, in the West as in the East, by…
Turin Society of Saint Joseph(PIA SOCIETÀ TORINESE DI SAN GIUSEPPE)Vol. IX, p. 802 PIA SOCIETÀ TORINESE DI SAN GIUSEPPE. — It was founded in Turin on 19 March 1873 by the servant of God, Father Leonardo Murialdo, to provide poor and abandoned…
Turin, Archdiocese of(TORINO, ARCIDIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 217 TORINO, ARCIDIOCESI. — At the time of its foundation, the diocese of Torino comprised the entire territory between the dioceses of Ivrea, Asti, Acqui, Alba,…
Turinaz, Charles-FrançoisVol. XII, p. 415 TURINAZ, CHARLES-FRANÇOIS. — Bishop, born at Chambéry on 2 February 1838, died at Nancy on 19 October 1918. In Rome he obtained degrees in theology and canon…
TurioVol. XII, p. 415 TURIO. — Ancient city of Magna Graecia in the Gulf of Taranto, founded by the survivors of Sibari, a short distance from the ancient and prosperous city. Pliny…
Turkey(TURCHIA)Vol. XII, p. 398 TURKEY. - The Turkish Republic, proclaimed on 31 Oct. 1923, is the state that emerged from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the national revival…
Turkmenistan, Republic of(TURKMENISTAN, REPUBBLICA DEL)Vol. XII, p. 415 TURKMENISTAN, REPUBLIC of: v. U.S.S.R.
Turks, Adedato(TURCHI, ADEDATO)Vol. XII, p. 398 TURCHI, ADEDATO. — Capuchin, orator, bishop. Born at Parma on 5 August 1724, died there on 2 September 1803. He entered the Capuchins at Carpi on 21 August…
Turmel, JosephVol. XII, p. 415 TURMEL, JOSEPH. — Modernist theologian, born in Rennes on 13 December 1859, died there on 5 February 1943. He was ordained a priest on 3 June 1882 and…
Turpiloquy(TURPILOQUIO)Vol. XII, p. 416 TURPILOQUIO. — It is speech concerning shameful things, which furnish the intellect and the will with material for dishonest thoughts and actions. Already St.…
TurrettiniVol. XII, p. 416 TURRETTINI. — A Lucchese family, whose progenitor, FRANCESCO, abandoned Lucca in 1574 and settled in Geneva in 1593. Among his descendants the following became…
Tursi, Diocese of(TURSI, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 416 TURSI, DIOCESE OF: v. ANGLONA E TURSI, DIOCESE OF. TUSCANIA, DIOCESE OF - The 8th-century crypt. - Tuscania, church of S. Pietro.
Tuscania, Diocese of(TUSCANIA, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 417 TUSCANIA, DIOCESI di. — In Latium, in the province of Viterbo, united with the diocese of Viterbo (v., also for the statistical data). T. stands on the slope…
Tuscany(TOSCANA)Vol. XII, p. 236 TUSCANY. - I. GEOGRAPHY. - It is the largest of the historical regions of peninsular Italy (23,000 km²). As such, it comprises lands of highly diverse nature…
Tusculum, Counts of(TUSCOLO, CONTI DI)Vol. XII, p. 417 TUSCOLO, CONTI di. – A great family of the eleventh century, descended from Teofilatto (v.). In their eagerness to contest primacy with the Crescenzi (v.),…
Tusculum, Diocese of(TUSCOLO, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 417 TUSCOLO, DIOCESI di: v. FRASCATI, DIOCESI di.
Tutelage-Tutor(TUTELA-TUTORE)Vol. XII, p. 418 TUTELA-TUTORE. - Tutelage (tutela, patrocinium, praesentia) is, according to the jurist Servius (fr. 1, pr. D. 26, 1), “vis ac potestas ad tuendum cum, qui…
Tuticorin, Diocese of(TUTICORIN, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 419 TUTICORIN, DIOCESE of. - Situated in south-eastern India, it overlooks the Gulf of Mannar (the ancient Fishery Coast or Coast of the Pearl Fishers), in the sea…
Tuy, Diocese of(TUY, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 419 TUY, DIOCESI of. — City and diocese in the extreme western part of Spain; suffragan of the metropolitan see of S. Giacomo di Compostella. It has an area of…
Tuziorism(TUZIORISMO)Vol. XII, p. 419 TUZIORISMO. - From opinio tutior (= “safer opinion”), it is one of the moral systems (v.) that arose to resolve problems concerning conscience (v.) when it is…
Twelve Brothers, Saints, Martyrs(DODICI FRATELLI, SANTI, MARTIRI)Vol. IV, p. 1027 TWELVE BROTHERS, saints, martyrs. — A highly legendary Passio, composed toward the end of the 8th century, speaks of twelve brothers, sons of Bonifazio and…
Twelve Tables(DODICI TAVOLE)Vol. IV, p. 1027 TWELVE TABLES. – A collection of legislative norms, drawn up by extraordinary magistrates (decemviri legibus scribundis) appointed for the years 451 and 450…
Tyche (Τύχη)Vol. XII, p. 420 TYCHE (Τύχη). – Greek divinity symbolizing adverse or favorable fortune (her name is cognate with τυγχένω = to obtain by lot), and thus parallel to the Roman…
Tychicus (Τυχικός « fortunate », Tychicus)(TICHICO (ΤΥΧΙΚΌΣ « FORTUNATO », TYCHICUS))Vol. XII, p. 74 TICHICO (Τυχικός “fortunate,” Tychicus). — A Christian of proconsular Asia, probably from Ephesus, and a faithful companion and collaborator of St. Paul. He…
Tympanum(TIMPANO)Vol. XII, p. 93 TIMPANO : v. FRONTONE.
Tynemouth, Diocese of(TYNEMOUTH, DIOCESI DI)Vol. XII, p. 421 TYNEMOUTH, DIOCESI di: v. HEXHAM E NEWCASTLE, DIOCESI di.
Type(TIPO)Vol. XII, p. 99 TYPE. — By t., or “typical phenomenon,” one should understand that phenomenon which, given a collectivity of phenomena that differ from one another within…
Typical(TIPICO)Vol. XII, p. 97 TYPICON. — From the Greek «τυπικόν», it means rule, regulation. These T., which exercised such considerable influence on the development of Byzantine law,…
Typical, Sense(TIPICO, SENSO)Vol. XII, p. 98 TYPOLOGICAL SENSE. — That one of the biblical senses (v.) which, beyond the literal sense, expresses a reality (person, event, institution) signified by…
Typographic Enterprises(IMPRESE TIPOGRAFICHE)Vol. VI, p. 1002 IMPRESE TIPOGRAFICHE: v. MARCHE TIPOGRAFICHE.
Tyranny and Tyrannicide(TIRANNIA E TIRANNICIDIO)Vol. XII, p. 106 TYRANNY and TYRANNICIDE. – Tyrant (τύραννος) and tyranny are relative terms, the latter denoting a form of government and the former the person who establishes…
Tyre (Heb.-Phoenician Şor, Şor; cf. Şor « fortress »; Gr. Τύρος; Mod. Şūr)(TIRO (EBR.-FENICIO ŞOR, ŞOR; CF. ŞOR « ROCCA »; GR. TOPOÇ; MOD. ŞUR))Vol. XII, p. 108 TIRO (Hebrew-Phoenician Şor, Şor; cf. şor “rock”; Greek Topoç; modern Şur). — Principal city of Phoenicia. The origins of the seafaring city of T. perhaps go…
TyropoeonVol. XII, p. 421 TYROPOEON. - Name given by Fl. Giuseppe (Antiq. Ind., V, 4, 1: ἡ τῶν τυροποιῶν φάραγξ “valley of the cheesemakers”) to the valley which in his time divided the…
Tyrrell, GeorgeVol. XII, p. 421 TYRRELL, GEORGE. — English modernist theologian, born in Dublin on 6 February 1861, died at Storrington (Sussex) on 15 July 1909. Raised in Calvinism, while…
Tçuzzu, João RodriguezVol. XI, p. 1097 TÇUZZU, João RODRIGUEZ. — Jesuit, missionary, and historian, born at Sernancelhe (diocese of Lamego, Portugal) ca. 1561, died at Macao (China) in 1634. Having…
Tönnies, FerdinandVol. XII, p. 212 TÖNNIES, FERDINAND. - Sociologist, born at Oldensworth (Schleswig) on 26 July 1855, died on 9 Apr. 1936. Having taken a doctorate in philosophy, he devoted…
Tübingen(TUBINGA)Vol. XII, p. 387 TUBINGA. — City of Germany in Württemberg; renowned for its University, which made it one of the principal beacons of the sciences from the humanist period…
