JACOBINI, Lodovico. — Cardinal, b. 6 Jan. 1832 at Genzano, d. 27 Feb. 1887 at Rome. He began his studies at the Seminary of Albano, completed them in Rome, and became an apprentice in the secretariat of Ecclesiastical Affairs.
Secretary of Propaganda for Oriental affairs, he served as one of the under-secretaries of the Vatican Council. Archbishop of Thessalonica in partibus, he was appointed in 1874 nuncio to Vienna, during a difficult period in relations between the Dual Monarchy and the Catholic Church, owing to the unilateral denunciation of the Concordat in 1870, followed four years later by the promulgation of three laws asserting the primacy of the State over the Church, on endowments, and on the State recognition of religious corporations. During his stay in the Habsburg capital, Nuncio J. also began fruitful diplomatic activity to achieve a modus vivendi that would end the Kulturkampf in Germany, an effort initiated in Sept. 1879, when J. held an exhaustive exchange of ideas with Bismarck, and continued in Nov. in talks with Hübler, delegate of the chancellor, and with Prince Reuss, Prussian ambassador to Vienna. Created cardinal by Leo XIII on 19 Sept. 1879 and named Secretary of State in Oct. of the following year, he continued the policy of accommodation with Prussia and succeeded in bringing the Kulturkampf to an end.