Expositions on the Book of Psalms 103
103.1 Psalm CIII PL 36, 1352
1. …“Bless the Lord, O my soul! and all that is within me, His holy Name” (ver. 1). I suppose that he speaketh not of what is within the body; I do not suppose him to mean this, that our lungs and liver, and so forth, are to burst forth into the voice of blessing of the Lord. There are lungs in our breast indeed, like a kind of bellows, which send forth successive breathings, which breathing forth of the air inhaled is pressed out into voice and sound, when the words are articulated; nor can any utterance sound forth from our mouth, but what the pressed lungs have given vent to; but this is not the meaning here; all this relateth to the ears of men. God hath ears: the heart also hath a voice. A man speaketh to the things within him, that they may bless God, and saith unto them, “all that is within me bless His holy Name!” Dost thou ask the meaning of what is within thee? Thy soul itself. In saying then, “all that is within me, bless His holy Name,” it only repeateth the above, “Bless the Lord, O my soul:” for the word “Bless,” is understood. Cry out with thy voice, if there be a man to hear; hush thy voice, when there is no man to hear thee; there is never wanting one to hear all that is within thee. Blessing therefore hath already been uttered from our mouth, when we were chanting these very words. We sung as much as sufficed for the time, and were then silent: ought our hearts within us to be silent to the blessing of the Lord? Let the sound of our voices bless Him at intervals, alternately, let the voice of our hearts be perpetual. When thou comest to church to recite a hymn, thy voice soundeth forth the praises of God: thou hast sung as far as thou couldest, thou hast left the church; let thy soul sound the praises of God. Thou art engaged in thy daily work: let thy soul praise God. Thou art taking food; see what the Apostle saith: “Whether ye eat or drink, do all to the glory of God.” I venture to say; when thou sleepest, let thy soul praise the Lord. Let not thoughts of crime arouse thee, let not the contrivances of thieving arouse thee, let not arranged plans of corrupt dealing arouse thee. Thy innocence even when thou art sleeping is the voice of thy soul.
Scio quia debitores nos tenetis, non necessitate, sed quod est vehementius, charitate. Debemus autem hoc primo Domino Deo nostro, qui habitans et in vobis exigit ista de nobis: deinde domno et patri, praesenti et jubenti et oranti pro me; deinde vestrae violentiae qua extorquetis etiam infirmis viribus nostris. Tamen, quantum Dominus donat, qui et ipsas vires vobis orantibus donare dignetur, quoniam psalmi hujus primas partes die jam nuper praecedente tractavimus; etiam sequentia suscipienda sunt, et illo adjuvante, in cujus nomine coepimus, terminanda sunt. Commendaveramus autem Charitati vestrae, qui adfuistis, totum istum psalmum figuratis mysteriis esse contextum. Unde quod difficilius quaeritur, solet dulcius inveniri. Nec putetis ista vobis obscuritate subtracta, sed difficultate condita; ad hoc, quod saepe jam diximus, ut detur petentibus, inveniatur a quaerentibus, intretur a pulsantibus . Sed opus est nobis aliquanto majore et silentio vestro, et patientia vestra, ut pauca quae dicturi sumus, non per strepitum tempus amplius occupent. Pauca enim nos dicere temporis cogit angustia, quod novit et Charitas vestra debere nos exsequiis fidelis corporis solemne obsequium. Ecce jam quae dicta sunt repetere, et rursus exponere non cogamur: si defuerunt aliqui, qui non audierunt, non deessent; prodest autem illis fortasse, quod non audiunt modo quod audierunt qui adfuerunt, ut et ipsi discant adesse. Legamus ergo cursim.
103.2 PL 36, 1352
2. “Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all His rewards” (ver. 2). But the rewards of the Lord cannot be before thine eyes unless thy sins are before thine eyes. Let not delight in past sin be before thine eyes, but let the condemnation of sin be before thine eyes: condemnation from thee, forgiveness from God. For thus God rewardeth thee, so that thou mayest say, “How shall I reward the Lord for all His rewards unto me?” This it was that the martyrs considering (whose memory we are this day celebrating), and all the saints who have despised this life, and as ye have heard in the Epistle of St. John, laid down their lives for the brethren, which is the perfection of love, even as our Lord saith: “Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends:” this the holy martyrs, then, considering, despised their lives here, that they might find them there, following our Lord’s words when He said, “He that loveth his life, shall lose it; and he that loseth his life for My sake, shall keep it unto life eternal.”…“Forget not,” he saith, “all His rewards:” not awards, but “rewards.” For something else was due, and what was not due hath been paid. Whence also these words: “What,” he asketh, “shall I reward the Lord for all His rewards unto me?” Thou hast rewarded good with evil; He rewardeth evil with good. How hast thou, O man, rewarded thy God with evil for good? Thou who hast once been a blasphemer, and a persecutor, and injurious, hast rewarded blasphemies. For what good things? First, because thou art: but a stone also is. Next, because thou livest: but a brute also liveth. What reward wilt thou give the Lord, for His having created thee above all the cattle; and above all the fowls of the air, in His image and likeness? Seek not how to reward Him: give back unto Him His own image: He requireth no more; He demandeth His own coin.…
[«vers. 1, 2.] Benedic, anima mea, Dominum.» Omnium nostrum anima dicat, una facta in Christo. «Domine Deus meus, magnificatus es nimis.» Unde magnificatus es? «Confessionem et decorem induisti.» Confitemini, ut decoremini, ut induat vos. «Circumamictus lucem sicut vestimentum.» Circumamictus Ecclesiam suam; quia ipsa facta est lux in illo, quae prius erat tenebrae in se, dicente Apostolo: «Fuistis aliquando tenebrae, nunc autem lux in Domino» . «Extendens coelum sicut pellem:» vel tam facile quam tu pellem, si tam facile sit, tanquam ad litteram accipias: vel auctoritatem Scripturarum intelligamus distentam per totum mundum nomine pellis; quia mortalitas in pelle significatur, dispensata est autem nobis omnis auctoritas Scripturarum divinarum per homines mortales, quorum jam mortuorum fama distenditur.
103.3 PL 36, 1353
3. Think thou, soul, of all the rewards of God, in thinking over all thy wicked deeds: for as many as are thy sins, so many are His rewards of good. And what present, what offering, what sacrifice, canst thou ever tender unto Him?…What wilt thou reward the Lord with? For thou wast reflecting, and couldest not find: “I will receive the cup of salvation.” What? hath not the Lord Himself given the cup of salvation? Reward Him from thine own, if thou canst. I would say, No, do it not; reward Him not from thine own; God doth not will to be rewarded from thine own. If thou rewardest Him from thine own, thou rewardest sin. For all that thou hast thou hast from Him: sins only thou hast of thine own. He doth not wish to be rewarded from thine, He doth will from His own. Just as, if thou shouldest bring to a husbandman, from the land which he hath sown, an ear of wheat, thou hast rewarded him from the husbandman’s own produce; if thorns, that hast offered him of thine own. Reward truth, in truth praise the Lord: if thou shalt choose to reward Him from thine own, thou wilt lie. He who speaketh a lie, speaketh of his own. If he who speaketh a lie, speaketh of his own: so he who speaketh truth, speaketh of the Lord’s. But what is to receive the cup of salvation, but to imitate the Passion of our Lord?…I will receive the cup of Christ, I will drink of our Lord’s Passion. Beware that thou fail not. But, “I will call upon the Name of the Lord.” They then who failed, called not upon the Lord; they presumed in their own strength. Do thou so return, as remembering that thou art returning what thou hast received. So then let thy soul bless the Lord, as not to forget all His rewards.
[«vers. 3.] Qui protegit in aquis superiora ejus.» Cujus superiora? Coeli. Quid est coelum? Figurate duntaxat diximus Scripturam divinam. Quae superiora Scripturae divinae? Praeceptum, quo nihil est eminentius, charitatis. Quare autem aquis comparata est charitas? «Quia charitas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis» . Unde aqua ipse Spiritus? Quia «stabat Jesus, et clamabat: Si quis sitit, veniat ad me et bibat. Qui credit in me, flumina aquae vivae fluent de ventre ejus.» Unde probamus quia de Spiritu dictum est? Dicat ipse Evangelista, qui sequitur et ait: «Hoc autem dicebat de Spiritu, quem accepturi erant hi qui in eum fuerant credituri» . «Qui ambulat super pennas ventorum:» id est, super virtutes animarum. Quae est virtus animae? Ipsa charitas. Quomodo autem ille super illam ambulat? Quia major est charitas Dei in nos, quam nostra in Deum.
103.4 PL 36, 1353
4. Hear ye all His rewards. “Who forgiveth all thy sin: who healeth all thine infirmities” (ver. 3). Behold His rewards. What, save punishment, was due unto the sinner? What was due to the blasphemer, but the hell of burning fire? He gave not these rewards: that thou mayest not shudder with dread: and without love fear Him.…But thou art a sinner. Turn again, and receive these His rewards: He “forgiveth all thy sin.”…Yet even after remission of sins the soul herself is shaken by certain passions; still is she amid the dangers of temptation, still is she pleased with certain suggestions; with some she is not pleased, and sometimes she consenteth unto some of those with which she is pleased: she is taken. This is infirmity: but He “healeth all thine infirmities.” All thine infirmities shall be healed: fear not. They are great, thou wilt say: but the Physician is greater. No infirmity cometh before the Almighty Physician as incurable: only suffer thou thyself to be healed: repel not His hands; He knoweth how to deal with thee. Be not only pleased when He cherisheth thee, but also bear with Him when He useth the knife: bear the pain of the remedy, reflecting on thy future health.…Thou dost not endure in uncertainty: He who promised thee health, cannot be deceived. The physician is often deceived: and promiseth health in the human body. Why is he deceived? Because he is not healing his own creature. God made thy body, God made thy soul. He knoweth how to restore what He hath made, He knoweth how to fashion again what He hath already fashioned: do thou only be patient beneath the Physician’s hands: for He hateth one who rejects His hands. This doth not happen with the hands of a human physician.…
[«vers. 4.] Qui facit angelos suos spiritus, et ministros suos ignem flagrantem:» id est, eos qui jam spiritus sunt, qui spirituales, non carnales sunt, facit angelos suos, mittendo ut praedicent ejus Evangelium. «Et ministros suos ignem flagrantem.» Nisi enim ardeat minister praedicans, non accendit eum cui praedicat.
103.5 PL 36, 1353
5. “Who redeemeth thy life from corruption” (ver. 4). Behold, “the body which is corrupted, weigheth down the soul.” The soul then hath life in a corruptible body. What sort of life? It suffereth burdens, it beareth weights. How great obstacles are there to thinking of God Himself, as it is right that men should think of God, as if interrupting us from the necessity of human corruption? how many influences recall us, how many interrupt, how many withdraw the mind when fixed on high? what a crowd of illusions, what tribes of suggestions? All this in the human heart, as it were, teemeth with the worms of human corruption. We have set forth the greatness of the disease, let us also praise the Physician. Shall not He then heal thee, who made thee such as to be in health, hadst thou chosen to keep the law of health which thou hadst received?…First think of thine own health. Sometimes a man is stricken in his own house, on his bed, with a more than usually manifest disorder; although this disorder too, which men dislike to contemplate, be plain; yet each man may be attacked with that sickness for which human physicians are sought, and may gasp with fever in his bed; perhaps he may wish to consider of his domestic affairs, to make some order or disposition relating to his estate or his house; at once he is recalled from such cares by the anxiety of his friends, plainly expressed around him, and he is advised to dismiss these subjects, and first to take thought for his health. This then is addressed unto thee, and to all men: if thou art not sick, think of other things: if thy very infirmity prove thee sick, first take heed of thy health. Christ is thy health: think therefore of Christ. Receive the cup of His saving Health, “who healeth all thine infirmities;” if thou shalt choose, thou shalt gain this Health.…For thy life hath been redeemed from corruption: rest secure now: the contract of good faith hath been entered upon; no man deceives, no man circumvents, no man oppresses, thy Redeemer. He hath here made a barter, He hath already paid the price, He hath poured forth His blood. The only Son of God, I say, hath shed His blood for us: O soul, raise thyself, thou art of so great price.…“He redeemeth thy life from corruption.”
[«vers. 5, 6.] Fundavit terram super firmamentum ejus.» Firmavit Ecclesiam super firmamentum Ecclesiae. Quod est firmamentum Ecclesiae, nisi fundamentum Ecclesiae? Quod est fundamentum Ecclesiae, nisi de quo dicit Apostolus: «Fundamentum nemo potest ponere praeterquam quod positum est, quod est Christus Jesus» ? Et ideo tali fundamento suffulta, quid meruit audire? «Non inclinabitur in saeculum saeculi. Fundavit terram super firmitatem ejus,» id est, firmavit Ecclesiam super fundamentum Christum. Nutabit Ecclesia si nutaverit fundamentum: sed unde nutabit Christus, qui antequam veniret ad nos, et carnem susciperet, «omnia per ipsum facta sunt, et sine ipso factum est nihil» ; qui omnia continet majestate, et nos bonitate? Non nutante Christo, «non inclinabitur in saeculum saeculi.» Ubi sunt qui dicunt perisse de mundo Ecclesiam, quando nec inclinari potest?
103.6 PL 36, 1353
6. “Who crowneth thee with mercy and loving-kindness.” Thou hadst perhaps begun to be in a manner proud, when thou didst hear the words, “He crowneth thee.” I am then great, I have then wrestled. By whose strength? By thine, but supplied by Him.…He crowneth thee, because He is crowning His own gifts, not thy deservings. “I laboured more abundantly than they all,” said the Apostle; but see what he addeth: “yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.” …It is then by His mercy that thou art crowned; in nothing be proud; ever praise the Lord; forget not all His rewards. It is a reward when thou, a sinner and an ungodly man, hast been called, that thou mayest be justified. It is a reward, when thou art raised up and guided, that thou mayest not fall. It is a reward, when strength is given thee, that thou mayest persevere unto the end. It is a reward, that even that flesh of thine by which thou wast oppressed riseth again and that not even a hair of thy head perisheth. It is a reward, that after thy resurrection thou art crowned. It is a reward, that thou mayest praise God Himself for evermore without ceasing.…
Sed unde coepit Dominus asserere istam Ecclesiam, revelare, incipere, ostendere, diffundere? unde coepit hoc? quid erat primo? «Quia fundavit terram super firmamentum ejus, non inclinabitur in saeculum saeculi. Abyssus sicut vestimentum amictus ipsius.» Cujus? numquid forte Dei? Sed jam de amictu ejus dixerat, «Circumamictus lucem, velut vestimentum.» Audio Deum luce vestitum, et lux ipsa si volumus, nos sumus. Quid est, si volumus? Si jam tenebrae non sumus. Ergo si Deus luce vestitus est, cujus rursum vestimentum est abyssus? Abyssus enim dicitur immensa aquarum copia: omnis aqua, omnis humida natura, atque substantia circumquaque diffusa per maria, et flumina, et antra occulta, simul uno nomine abyssus vocatur. Ergo terram intelligimus, de qua dixit, «Fundavit terram super firmamentum ejus; non inclinabitur in saeculum saeculi;» de illa dictum credo, «Abyssus sicut vestimentum amictus ipsius.» Terrae enim quasi vestimentum est aqua, circumdans eam et contegens eam. Sed aliquando in diluvio ita crevit haec vestis terrae, ut omnia omnino cooperiret, et transcenderet altissimos montes, sicut Scriptura testatur, cubitis ferme quindecim . Fortasse ipsum tempus significavit iste psalmus, cum diceret, «Abyssus sicut vestimentum amictus ipsius.»
103.7 PL 36, 1354
7. After the battle, then, I shall be crowned; after the crown, what shall I do? “He who satisfieth thy longing with good things” (ver. 5).…Seek thy own good, O soul. For one thing is good to one creature, another to another, and all creatures have a certain good of their own, to the completeness and perfection of their nature. There is a difference as to what is essential to each imperfect thing, in order that it may be made perfect; seek for thy own good. “There is none good but One, that is, God.” The highest good is thy good. What then is wanting unto him to whom the highest good is good? For there are inferior goods, which are good to different creatures respectively. What, brethren, is good unto the cattle, save to fill the belly, to prevent want, to sleep, to indulge themselves, to exist, to be in health, to propagate? This is good to them: and within certain bounds it hath an allotted measure of good, granted by God, the Creator of all things. Dost thou seek such a good as this? God giveth also this: but do not pursue it alone. Canst thou, a coheir of Christ, rejoice in fellowship with cattle? Raise thy hope to the good of all goods. He will be thy good, by whom thou in thy kind hast been made good, and by whom all things in their kind were made good. For God made all things very good.…
«Super montes stabunt aquae:» id est vestimentum terrae, quod est abyssus, ita crevit, ut etiam super montes aquae starent. Legimus hoc, ut dixi, factum in diluvio. Inde loquebatur Propheta? narrabat nobis praeterita, an praenuntiabat futura? Sed si narraret praeterita, non nobis diceret, «Super montes stabunt aquae;» sed, Super montes steterunt aquae. Praeteritum enim tempus pro futuro solere poni in Scripturis, ita praevidente Spiritu quae ventura sunt, quasi jam facta sint, solemus legere. Inde est quod illud in alio psalmo novimus omnes, ubi tanquam Evangelium recitatur: «Foderunt manus meas et pedes, dinumeraverunt omnia ossa mea; super vestimentum meum miserunt sortem» . Omnia quasi jam facta commemorantur, quae utique adhuc ventura cernebantur. Sed quantum potest nostra diligentia? quantum autem potest tanta occupatio? aut quando sic vacat, ut possimus pro certo dicere: Ita est? Animadvertimus saepe Prophetas praeterito tempore verborum dicere quae futura sunt; figura autem futuri dicere praeterita, non facile occurrit legenti. Non audeo dicere, Non est; sed certe studiosis earum Litterarum indixerim quid quaerant. Si invenerint, et ad nos attulerint, gratulabimur adolescentium studiis otiosorum occupati senes, et ex eorum ministerio et nos aliquid discemus. Non enim dedignamur; quando Christus de omnibus docet. Hoc ergo dicit: «Super montes stabunt aquae.» Propheta curans futura praedicere, non narrare praeterita, propterea dixit, quia Ecclesiam futuram in diluvio persecutionum volebat intelligi. Fuit enim tempus aliquando, quo terram Dei, Ecclesiam Dei cooperuerant aquae persequentium; et ita cooperuerant, ut non apparerent nec ipsi magni, qui sunt montes. Quando enim ubique fugiebant, quomodo non minus apparebant? Et fortasse de illis aquis est vox illa: «Salvum me fac, Deus, quoniam intraverunt aquae usque ad animam meam» . Maxime aquae quae mare faciunt, procellosae, infructuosae. Non enim quamcumque terram cooperuerit aqua marina, fecundabit eam potiusquam ad sterilitatem perducet. Erant enim et montes sub aquis; quia super montes stabant aquae: populi resistentes superaverant auctoritatem omnium ubique fortiter evangelizantium verbum Dei, cooperuerant eos aquae, et super illos stabant aquae, dicebant, Preme, preme; et premebant: Exstingue, non appareant. Dicebant ista, et praevalebant super martyres, et fugiebant ubique Christiani, et fuga quadam occultabantur Apostoli. Unde fuga occultabantur Apostoli? Quia super montes stabant aquae. Erat potestas aquarum magna. Sed quamdiu? Audi quod sequitur.
103.8 PL 36, 1355
8. When shall my longing be satisfied with good things? when, dost thou ask? “Thy youth shall be renewed as the eagle’s.” Dost thou then ask when thy soul is to be satisfied with good things? When thy youth shall be restored. And he addeth, as an eagle’s. Something here lieth hidden; what however is said of the eagle, we will not pass over silently, since it is not foreign to our purpose to understand it. Let this only be impressed upon our hearts, that it is not said without cause by the Holy Spirit. For it hath intimated unto us a sort of resurrection. And indeed the youth of the eagle is restored, but not into immortality, for a similitude hath been given, as far as it could be drawn from a thing mortal to signify a thing immortal, not to demonstrate it. The eagle is said, after it becometh overpowered with bodily age, to be incapable of taking food from the immoderate length of its beak, which is always increasing. For after the upper part of its beak, which forms a crook above the lower part, hath increased from old age to an immoderate length, the length of this increase will not allow of its opening its mouth, so as to form any interval between the lower beak and the crook above. For unless there be such an opening, it hath no power of biting like a forceps, by which to shear off what it may put within its jaws. The upper part therefore increasing, and being too far hooked over, it cannot open its mouth, and take any food. This old age doth to it, it is weighed down with the infirmity of age, and becometh too weak from want of power to eat; two causes of infirmity assaulting it, old age, and want. By a natural device, therefore, in order in some measure to restore its youth, the eagle is said to dash and strike against a rock the upper lip of its beak, by the too great increase of which the opening for eating is closed: and by thus rubbing it against the rock, it breaketh off the weight of its old beak, which impeded its taking food. It cometh to its food, and everything is restored: it will be after its old age like a young eagle; the vigour of all its limbs returneth, the lustre of its plumage, the guidance of its wings, it flieth aloft as before, a sort of resurrection taketh place in it. For this is the object of the similitude, like that of the Moon, which after waning and being apparently intercepted, again is renewed, and becometh full; and signifieth to us the resurrection; but when it is full it doth not remain so; again it waneth, that the signification may never cease. Thus also what hath here been said of the eagle: the eagle is not restored unto immortality, but we are unto eternal life; but the similitude is derived from hence, that the rock taketh away from us what hindereth us. Presume not therefore on thy strength: the firmness of the rock rubbeth off thy old age: for that Rock was Christ. In Christ our youth shall be restored like that of the eagle.…
[«vers. 7.] Ab increpatione tua fugient.» Et hoc factum est, fratres; ab increpatione Dei fugerunt aquae: hoc est, a pressura montium recesserunt. Jam montes ipsi exstant Petrus et Paulus: quomodo eminent? Qui ante a persecutoribus premebantur, nunc ab imperatoribus venerantur. Fugerunt enim aquae ab increpatione Dei: quia cor regum in manu Dei; deflexit quo voluit , jussit per eos pacem dari Christianis; emicuit et eminuit auctoritas apostolica. Numquid et quando supra erant aquae, montium defecerat magnitudo? Sed tamen, fratres mei, ut omnes viderent eminentiam montium, per quos montes salus esset generi humano, quia, «Levavi oculos meos in montes, unde veniet auxilium mihi» ; ab increpatione Dei fugerunt aquae. «A voce tonitrus tui formidabunt.» Jam quis non terreatur a voce Dei per Apostolos, voce Dei per Scripturas, per nubes ejus? Conquievit mare, formidaverunt aquae, nudati sunt montes, jussit imperator. Sed quis jussisset, nisi Deus tonuisset? Quia voluit Deus, illi jusserunt, et factum est. Ergo nullus sibi hominum arroget aliquid; formidaverunt aquae, sed «a voce tonitrus tui.» Nam ecce, cum voluit Deus, fugerunt aquae, ne premerent montes; antequam id fieret, et sub aquis firmi erant montes.
103.9 PL 36, 1355
9. “The Lord executeth mercy and judgment for all them that are oppressed with wrong” (ver. 6).…An adulterous woman is brought forward to be stoned according to the Law, but she is brought before the Lawgiver Himself.…Our Lord, at the time she was brought before Him, bending His Head, began writing on the earth. When He bent Himself down upon the earth, He then wrote on the earth: before He bent upon the earth, He wrote not on the earth, but on stone. The earth was now something fertile, ready to bring forth from the Lord’s letters. On the stone He had written the Law, intimating the hardness of the Jews: He wrote on the earth, signifying the productiveness of Christians. Then they who were leading the adulteress came, like raging waves against a rock: but they were dashed to pieces by His answer. For He said to them, “He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.” And again bending His head, He began writing on the ground. And now each man, when he asked his own conscience, came not forward. It was not a weak adulterous woman, but their own adulterate conscience, that drove them back. They wished to punish, to judge; they came to the Rock, their judges were overthrown by the Rock.…
[«vers. 8-10.] Ascendunt montes, et descendunt campi, in locum quem fundasti eis.» Adhuc de aquis loquitur. Non hic montes accipiamus, quasi terrenos; neque campos, quasi terrenos: sed fluctus tam magnos, ut montibus comparentur. Fluctuavit aliquando mare, et fluctus ejus tanquam montes fuerunt, qui montes illos Apostolos operirent. Sed quamdiu «ascendunt montes, et descendunt campi?» Saevierunt, et placati sunt. Cum saeviebant, montes erant: cum placati sunt, campi facti sunt; fundavit enim eis locum. Est quidam meatus, quasi profundus locus, quo recepta sunt quodammodo omnia saevientia corda mortalium. Quam multi modo, et salsi, et amari sunt; et tamen quieti? Quam multi sunt qui dulcescere nolunt? Qui sunt qui dulcescere nolunt? Qui in Christum adhuc credere nolunt. Et quamvis multi sunt qui nondum crediderunt, quid faciunt Ecclesiae? Montes erant aliquando, modo campi sunt: tamen, fratres mei, et malacia mare est. Quare enim non saeviunt modo? quare non insaniunt? quare non dant operam? Si non possunt evertere terram nostram, certe contegere. Quare non? Audi: «Terminum posuisti quem non transgredientur, neque revertentur tegere terram.»
10. Quid ergo, quia jam fluctus amarissimi modum acceperunt, ut liceat nobis talia etiam libere praedicare; quia terminum acceperunt debitum, quia transgredi non possunt impositum finem, neque revertentur tegere terram; quid fit in ipsa terra? quae operationes ibi fiunt, quam jam mare nudavit? Etsi ad ejus oram tenues fluctus perstrepunt, etsi adhuc murmurant Pagani; sonitum littorum audio, diluvium non perhorresco. Quid ergo, quid fit in terra? «Qui emittis fontes in convallibus. Emittis,» inquit, «fontes in convallibus.» Convalles nostis quid sint, depressa loca terrarum. Nam collibus et montibus contraria figura opponuntur valles vel convalles. Colles et montes, tumores terrarum sunt; valles autem vel convalles, humilitates terrarum. Noli contemnere humilitates; inde fluunt fontes: «Emittis fontes in convallibus.» Audi montem: dicit Apostolus, «Plus illis omnibus laboravi.» Magnitudo quaedam commendatur; statim tamen, ut profluant aquae, convallem se fecit: «Non ego autem, sed gratia Dei Mecum» . Non repugnat ut qui sunt montes, sint et convalles; sicut enim montes dicuntur propter spiritualem magnitudinem, ita et convalles propter sui spiritus humilitatem. «Non ego,» inquit, «sed gratia Dei mecum. Non ego,» convallis est; et «gratia Dei mecum,» fons est. «Qui emittis fontes in convallibus.» De Spiritu dicebatur quod modo commemoravi, «Si quis sitit, veniat ad me, et bibat. Qui credit in me, flumina aquae vivae fluent de ventre ejus. Hoc autem dicebat de Spiritu, quem accepturi erant hi qui in eum fuerant credituri.» Videamus si convalles sunt, ut emittantur fontes in convallibus. Audi prophetam: «Super quem requiescet Spiritus meus, nisi super humilem, et quietum, et trementem verba mea» ? Quid est, «Super quem requiescet Spiritus meus, super humilem et quietum?» Quis habebit fontem meum? Convallis.
103.10 PL 36, 1366
10. Execute mercy to the wicked, not as being wicked. Do not receive the wicked, in so far forth as he is wicked: that is, do not receive him as if from inclination towards and love for his iniquity. For it is forbidden to give unto a sinner, and to receive sinners. Yet how is this, “Give unto every man that asketh of thee”? and this, “if thine enemy hunger, feed him”? This is seemingly contradictory: but it is opened to those who knock in the name of Christ, and will be clear unto those who seek. “Help not a sinner:” and, “give not to the ungodly;” and yet, “give unto every man that asketh of thee.” But it is a sinner who asketh of me. Give, not as unto a sinner. When dost thou give as unto a sinner? When that which maketh him a sinner, pleaseth thee so that thou givest.…Let those who give to a man who fights with wild beasts, tell me why they give? Why doth he give to this man? He loveth that in him, in which consists his greatest sin; this he feedeth, this he clotheth in him, wickedness itself, made public by all witnessing it. Why doth the man give, who giveth to actors, or to charioteers, or to courtesans? Do not these very persons give to human beings? But it is not the nature of God’s work that they attend to, but the iniquity of the human work.…When therefore thou givest, thou givest to infamy, not to bravery. As then he who giveth to the fighter of beasts, giveth not to the man, but to a most infamous profession; for if he were only a man, and not a fighter of beasts, thou wouldest not give; thou honourest him in vice, not nature: so on the other hand, if thou give to the righteous, if thou give to the prophet, if thou give to the disciple of Christ anything of which he is in want, without thinking that he is Christ’s disciple, that he is God’s minister, that he is God’s steward; but art thinking in that case of some temporal advantage, for instance, that when perchance he shall be needful to thy cause, he may be bought for thee, because thou hast given him something; thou hast no more given to the righteous, if thou hast thus given, than he gave to the man, when he gave to the beast-fighter. The matter, then, most beloved, is quite open to us, and I conceive, that although it was obscure, it is now clear. It was to this that the Lord bound thee, when He said, “He who hath received the righteous man.” That were enough. But as the righteous may be received with another intention,…He saith, “He who receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man:” that is, receiving him in consideration of his righteousness:…that is, because he is Christ’s disciple, because he is a steward of the Mystery: “Verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.” So understand, he who receiveth a sinner in the name of a sinner shall lose his reward.
Ergo praedicatores verbi, et jumenta et servi sunt. Producat terra, si irrigata est, «fenum jumentis, et herbam servituti hominum.» Ipse est enim fructus, ut possit fieri quod dictum est in Evangelio: «Ut et ipsi recipiant vos in tabernacula aeterna» . Vide de feno quid facias, vide de re vili quid emas. «Ut recipiant vos,» inquit, «in tabernacula aeterna:» ubi erunt ipsi, illuc vos recipiant. Quare hoc? Quia «qui suscipit justum in nomine justi, mercedem justi accipiet: et qui suscipit prophetam in nomine prophetae, mercedem prophetae accipiet: et qui dederit calicem aquae frigidae uni ex his minimis, tantum in nomine discipuli; amen dico vobis, non perdet mercedem suam» . Quam mercedem non perdet? Recipient vos in tabernacula aeterna. Quis non festinet? qui non alacrius currat? Si terra estis, rigamini de fructu operum Dei: ne dicatis, Non sunt cum quibus faciamus; praedicatores nostri, jumenta triturantia, homines servientes non indigent nostri. Quaere tamen, ne quis indigeat: postremo, et qui non indiget, inveniat in te quod nolit accipere. Accipit enim bonam voluntatem, cum tu accipias pacem: etsi enim non quaerit datum, sed requirit fructum . Quaere tamen, ne quis indigeat; et noli dicere: Si petierit, dabo. Exspectas ergo ut petat? Sic pascis bovem Dei, quomodo transeuntem mendicum? Illi petenti das, quia scriptum est, «Omni petenti te, da» . De isto quid scriptum est? «Beatus qui intelligit super egenum et pauperem» . Quaere cui des: «Beatus» enim «qui intelligit super egenum et pauperem,» qui praeoccupat vocem petituri. Si sic inter vos indigent milites Christi, ut etiam petant; videte ne vos judicent, antequam petant. Quomodo, inquis, quaero? Esto curiosus, esto providus; prospice, attende unde quisque vivat, unde se transigat, unde habeat: non reprehendetur ista curiositas tua; terra eris «producens fenum jumentis, et herbam servituti hominum.» Curiosus esto, et intellige super egenum et pauperem. Alius ad te venit, ut petat; alium tu praeveni, ne petat. Sicut enim de illo qui te quaerit dictum est, «Omni petenti te, da;» sic de illo quem tu debes quaerere dictum est, Sudet eleemosyna in manu tua, donec invenias justum cui eam tradas. Cum enim dandum sit et istis pauperibus petentibus; non enim ab eis inhibuit Deus eleemosynas, cum Christus de ipsis dicat, «Quando facis epulum, convoca caecos, claudos, debiles, non habentes unde tibi reddant; retribuetur autem tibi in resurrectione justorum» : voca et ipsos, pasce et ipsos; epulare, cum illi epulantur; delectare, cum illi saginantur; illi enim pane tuo, tu justitia Dei. Nemo vobis dicat: Praeceptum est a Christo ut servo Dei detur, mendico non detur. Absit; prorsus impius ista loquitur. Da illi, sed multo magis illi. Ille enim petit, et in voce petentis agnoscis cui des: ille autem quanto minus petit, tanto magis tibi vigilandum est ut praeoccupes petiturum; aut forte modo non petiturum, et aliquando damnaturum. Itaque curiosi estote ad ista, fratres mei; invenietis multorum Dei servorum indigentiam, tantum ut velitis invenire. Sed quia delectat vos excusatio qua vultis dicere, Nesciebamus; propterea non invenitis.
103.11 PL 36, 1356
11. …On this account therefore be merciful without fear, extend love even unto thine enemies: punish those who chance to belong to thy government, restrain them with affection, with charity, in regard to their eternal salvation; lest while thou sparest the flesh, the soul perish. Do this: and though thou have to endure many, over whom thou canst not exercise discipline, because thou hast no lawful authority over them; bear their injuries; be without apprehension. He will show mercy unto thee if thou shalt have been merciful: thou shalt be merciful, without the injuries thou sufferest losing their punishment; “To Me belongeth vengeance, I will repay,” saith the Lord.
«Inter medium montium pertransibunt aquae.» Huc usque a Lectore pronuntiatus est Psalmus, huc usque Charitati vestrae sufficiat. Hoc dicemus, et in nomine Dei sermonem terminabimus. Quid est, «Inter medium montium pertransibunt aquae?» Audivimus qui sint montes, magni praedicatores verbi, sublimes angeli Dei, quamvis adhuc in carne mortali: excelsi non sua virtute, sed illius gratia; quantum autem ad ipsos attinet, convalles sunt, humiliter emittunt fontes. Et «inter medium montium,» inquit, «pertransibunt aquae.» Putemus hoc ita dictum, Inter Apostolorum medium pertransibunt praedicationes verbi veritatis. Quid est, Inter medium Apostolorum? Quod medium dicitur, commune est. Res communis, unde omnes aequaliter vivunt, media est, nec attinet ad me; sed nec attinet ad te, nec ad me. Propterea loquimur et sic de aliquibus hominibus: Habent inter se pacem, habent inter se fidem, habent inter se charitatem; sic certe dicimus. Quid est, inter se? In medio sui. Quid est, in medio sui? Commune est illis. Audi aquas inter medium montium. Quia communis illis fides erat, nec quisque aquas quasi proprias et suas habebat. Si enim non sunt in medio, quasi privatae sunt, non publice fluunt; et ego habeo meam, et ille habet suam, non est in medio quod et ego et ipse habeat; sed talis non est pacifica praedicatio. At vero ut inter medium montium fluant aquae, audi vocem montis: «Deus,» inquit, «pacis det vobis idipsum sapere in invicem» . Et iterum: «Ut idipsum sapiatis omnes, et non sint in vobis schismata» . Quod sentio, sentis; in medio fluit aqua: non habeo quasi privatum meum, nec tu privatum tuum. Veritas nec mea sit propria, nec tua, ut et tua sit et mea: «Inter medium montium pertransibunt aquae.» Audi ipsum montem, ut dixi, quia «inter medium montium pertransibunt aquae. Sive autem ego, sive illi, sic praedicamus, et sic credidistis» . Securus dixit, «Sive ego, sive illi, sic praedicamus, et sic credidistis:» inter medium enim montium fluebant aquae; nulla de aquis discordia montium, sed pax consensionis, et societas charitatis: si quis autem vellet aliud praedicare, jam de suo praedicaret, non de medio. Et audi quid de illo dicatur ab ipso qui emisit fontes in convallibus: «Qui loquitur mendacium, de suo loquitur» . Itaque ne acciperetur aliquis mons non de medio, sed de suo manans, ait Apostolus: «Quisquis vobis evangelizaverit praeterquam quod accepistis, anathema sit.» Et vide quemadmodum noluerit de monte praesumi: ne forte mons discedat ab aquis per medium currentibus, et aliquid proprium velit influere. «Licet si nos» (Et quantus mons dixit hoc! quam uberrime aqua fluebat de convalle ejus! Tamen hoc volebat ut medios inter montes curreret, et ibi esset fides certa populorum, quod inter se medium atque commune Apostoli retinebant). «Licet si nos,» inquit. Et tu, Paule, potes aliquid aliter praedicare? de Paulo quaestio; audi quod sequitur: «Licet si nos, aut angelus de coelo annuntiaverit vobis praeterquam quod accepistis; anathema sit» . Si veniat mons aliud evangelizans, anathemetur; si veniat angelus aliud evangelizans anathemetur. Unde hoc? Quia de privato vult fluere, non de medio. Et hoc forte homo carnali nebula praepeditus, et a fonte communi ad propriam suam falsitatem redactus, possit hoc facere; numquid et angelus? vere numquid et angelus? Si angelus de proprio fluens in paradiso non esset auditus, non praecipitaremur in mortem. Media aqua posita erat hominibus, praeceptum Dei: aqua media, aqua quodam modo publica, sine fraude valebat, quod diximus Charitati vestrae, sine labe, sine coeno fluebat. Si ipsa aqua semper biberetur, semper viveretur. Venit angelus lapsus de coelo, factus serpens, quia insidiose jam venena spargere cupiebat: emisit venenum, de proprio locutus est, de suo; quia «qui loquitur mendacium, de suo loquitur:» et miseri audiendo dimiserunt quod commune erat, unde beati erant; et ad suum proprium redacti, cum volunt perverse esse similes Deo (hoc enim eis dixerat, «Gustate, et eritis sicut dii» [Gen. III, 5]), appetentes quod non erant, quod acceperant amiserunt. Ergo, fratres, ad hoc valeat quod diximus Charitati vestrae, propter fontes: ut fluant de vobis, convalles estote, et cum omnibus conferte quod de Deo habetis. Inter medium fluant aquae, nulli invideatis; bibite, saturamini; manate saturati. Ubique communis aqua Dei habeat gloriam, non hominum privata mendacia.
103.12 PL 36, 1368
12. “He made His ways known unto Moses” (ver. 7).…For the Law was given with this view, that the sick might be convinced of his infirmity, and pray for the physician. This is the hidden way of God. Thou hadst long ago heard, “Who healeth all thine infirmities.” Their infirmities were as yet hidden in the sick; the five books were given to Moses: the pool was surrounded by five porches; he brought forth the sick, that they might lie there, that they might be made known, not that they might be healed. The five porches discovered, but healed not, the sick; the pool healed when one descended, and this when it was disturbed: the disturbance of the pool was in our Lord’s Passion.…Since therefore this is a mystery there, he teacheth that the Law was given that sinners might be convinced of their sin, and call upon the Physician in order to receive grace.…Therefore, as I had begun to say, because this is a great mystery in the Law, that it was given with this view, that by the increase of sin, the proud might be humbled, the humbled might confess, the confessing might be healed; these are the hidden ways, which He made known to Moses, through whom He gave the Law, by which sin should abound, that grace might more abound.…“He hath made known His good pleasure unto the children of Israel.” To all the children of Israel? To the true children of Israel; yea, to all the children of Israel. For the treacherous, the insidious, the hypocrites, are not children of Israel. And who are the children of Israel? “Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile.”
Ergo quia dicebamus, fratres, et de pascendis pauperibus; cum Dominus loculos haberet, tamen quando dixit Judae eum tradituro, «Quod facis, fac velociter;» non intelligentes caeteri quid dixisset, arbitrati sunt eum dixisse, ut aliquid praepararet quod daretur pauperibus. Ille enim loculos habebat, hoc in Evangelio scriptum est . Possent hoc suspicari, nisi hoc haberet in consuetudine Dominus? De his ergo quae dabantur et in loculos mittebantur, dabatur tamen et illis pauperibus, quos Deus docuit non contemnendos. Sed si illum non contemnis, quanto magis bovem per quem trituratur haec area? quanto magis servum tuum? Non indiget cibo, forte veste indiget. Non indiget veste, forte tecto indiget, forte ecclesiam fabricat, forte aliquid utile in domo Dei molitur; exspectat ut attendas, exspectat ut intelligas super egentem et pauperem. Tu contra, terra dura, lapidea, non irrigata, aut frustra irrigata, servas tibi dicere: Non sciebam, non noveram, nemo mihi dixit. Nemo tibi dixit! Christus non cessat dicere, propheta non cessat dicere: «Beatus qui intelligit super egenum et pauperem.» Non vides arcam inanem praepositi tui: vides certe vel surgentem fabricam, quo intraturus et oraturus es. Nonne admovetur oculis tuis? Nisi forte putatis, fratres, quia praepositi vestri thesaurizant: et novimus multos non thesaurizare, et ad quotidiana egere, de quibus omnino non creditur; quos et vos inveniretis, si velletis, si circumspiceretis, si ad hoc vigilaretis, ut fructum daretis. Dixi quod potui, quantum potui. Puto autem manifestos nos esse vobis, sicut ait Apostolus, non ideo nos dicere, ut in nos ista faciatis. Praestet Deus ut haec non frustra dixerim: praestet Deus ut terra irrigata sitis, non lapidea, sicut Judaeorum, unde tabulas lapideas accipere meruerunt; sed terra fructifera, terra quae irrigata reddat agricolae. Illi ipsi corde lapideo, quod significatum est lapideis tabulis, decimas dabant. Etiam gemitis, et nihil adhuc exit. Si gemitis, parturite; si parturitis, parite. Quare gemitus inanis? quare gemitus sterilis? Viscera torquentur, an non est intus quod edatur? «Rigans montes de superioribus suis: de fructu operum tuorum satiabitur terra.» Beati qui faciunt, beati qui ista fructuose audiunt, beati qui non inaniter clamant. «De fructu operum tuorum satiabitur terra: producens fenum jumentis, et herbam servituti hominum.» Utquid hoc? «Ut educat panem de terra.» Quem panem? Christum. De qua terra? De Petro, de Paulo, de caeteris dispensatoribus veritatis. Audi quia de terra: «Habemus,» inquit, «thesaurum istum in vasis fictilibus, ut eminentia sit virtutis Dei» . Ipse est panis qui de coelo descendit , ut e terra educatur, cum per servorum suorum carnem praedicatur. Terra fenum producit, ut panem de terra educat. Quae terra fenum producit? Plebes piae, plebes sanctae. Ut de qua terra panis educatur? Verbum Dei de Apostolis, de dispensatoribus Sacramentorum Dei, adhuc in terra ambulantibus, adhuc corpus terrenum portantibus.
103.13 PL 36, 1369
13. “The Lord is full of compassion and mercy: long-suffering, and of great mercy” (ver. 8). Why so long-suffering? Why so great in mercy? Men sin and live; sins are added on, life continueth: men blaspheme daily, and “He maketh His sun to rise over the good and the wicked.” On all sides He calleth to amendment, on all sides He calleth to repentance, He calleth by the blessings of creation, He calleth by giving time for life, He calleth through the reader, He calleth through the preacher, He calleth through the innermost thought by the rod of correction, He calleth by the mercy of consolation: “He is long-suffering, and of great mercy.” But take heed lest by ill using the length of God’s mercy, thou treasure up for thyself, as the Apostle saith, wrath in the day of wrath.…For some there are who prepare to turn, and yet put it off, and in them crieth out the raven’s voice, “Cras! Cras!” The raven which was sent from the ark, never returned. God seeketh not procrastination in the raven’s voice, but confession in the wailing of the dove. The dove, when sent forth, returned. How long, To-morrow! To-morrow!? Look to thy last morrow: since thou knowest not what is thy last morrow, let it suffice that thou hast lived up to this day a sinner. Thou hast heard, often thou art wont to hear, thou hast heard to-day also; daily thou hearest, and daily thou amendest not.…
[«vers. 15.] Et vinum laetificat cor hominis.» Nemo se ad ebrietatem paret; imo se omnis homo ad ebrietatem paret. «Calix tuus inebrians quam praeclarus est» ! Nolumus dicere: Nemo se inebriet. Inebriamini, sed videte unde. Si vos inebriat calix Domini praeclarus, videbitur ista inebrietas in operibus vestris, videbitur in sancto amore justitiae, videbitur postremo in alienatione mentis vestrae, sed a terrenis in coelum. «Ut exhilaret faciem ejus in oleo.» Video quae terra quantum fructum educat, si producat fenum jumentis. Non isti servi vendunt quod dant; non enim venditores Evangelii sunt: gratis dant, quia gratis acceperunt. Gaudent bonis operibus vestris; hoc enim vobis prodest: non enim quaerunt datum, sed requirunt fructum. Quid est exhilaratio faciei in oleo? Gratia Dei, nitor quidam in manifestationem; sicut dicit Apostolus: «Unicuique autem datur Spiritus ad manifestationem» . Gratia quaedam quae est hominum ad homines perspicua, ad conciliandum sanctum amorem, oleum dicitur, in nitore divino; et quoniam excellentissima in Christo apparuit, totus orbis eum diligit: qui cum contemptus hic esset, adoratur modo ab omni gente: «Quoniam ipsius est regnum, et ipse dominabitur gentium» . Tanta est enim ejus gratia, ut multi qui in eum non credunt, laudent eum, et propterea dicant nolle se in eum credere, quia nemo potest implere quod jubet. Laudando impediuntur, qui in illum vituperando saeviebant. Amatur tamen ab omnibus, praedicatur ab omnibus; quia excellenter unctus, ideo Christus. Christus enim unctus, a chrismate dictus Christus. Messias hebraice, graece Christus, latine Unctus: sed corpus suum totum perunguit. Omnes ergo venientes accipiunt gratiam, ut exhilaretur facies in oleo.
103.14 PL 36, 1370
14. “He will not alway be chiding: neither keepeth He His anger for ever” (ver. 9). Since it is in consequence of His anger that we live in the scourges and corruption of mortality: we have this in punishment for the first sin.…Is it not through His anger, my brethren, that “in the sweat of thy face and in toil thou shalt eat bread, and the earth shall bear thorns and thistles unto thee”? This was said to our forefathers. Or if our life is different from this; if thou canst, turn unto some pleasure, where thou mayest not feel thorns. Choose what thou hast wished, whether thou art covetous or luxurious; to name these two alone; add a third passion, that of ambition; how great thorns are there in the desire of honours? in the luxury of lusts how great thorns? in the ardour of covetousness how great thorns? What troubles are there in base loves? What terrible anxieties here in this life? I omit hell. Beware lest thou even now become a hell unto thyself. The whole of this, my brethren, is the result of His anger: and when thou hast turned thyself unto works of righteousness, thou canst not but toil upon earth; and toil endeth not before life endeth. We must toil on the way, that we may rejoice in our country. He therefore consoleth by His promises thy toil, thy labours, thy troubles, saying to thee, “He will not alway be chiding.”
«Et panis cor hominis confirmat.» Quid est hoc, fratres? Quasi coegit intelligi de quo pane diceret. Panis enim iste visibilis stomachum confirmat, ventrem confirmat: est alius panis qui cor confirmat, quia panis est cordis. Jam enim dixerat de pane superius, «Ut educat panem de terra,» sed non dixerat qualis panis sit ille. «Et vinum laetificat cor hominis.» Videtur jam dicere de spirituali vino; nam id laetificat cor hominis. Sed adhuc putetur de vino isto dici, quia ebrii quasi laeti corde videntur apparere. Utinam laetentur, et non rixentur. Dicis mihi: Quid laetius ebrio? Imo quid insanius ebrio? quid plerumque iracundius? Est ergo vinum quod vere laetificat cor, et non novit aliud nisi laetificare cor. Sed ne putes hoc quidem de spirituali vino debere accipi, de illo pane autem non; quod et ipse spiritualis sit, exposuit et ipsum: «Et panis,» inquit, «cor hominis confirmat.» Ergo sic accipe de pane, quomodo accipis de vino; intus esuri, intus siti: «Beati» enim «qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quia ipsi saturabuntur» . Panis ille justitia est, vinum illud justitia est: veritas est, veritas Christus est . «Ego sum,» inquit, «panis vivus, qui de coelo descendi» ; et, «Ego sum vitis, vos sarmenta» . «Et panis cor hominis confirmat.»
103.15 PL 36, 1370
15. “He hath not dealt with us according to our sins” (ver. 10). Thanks unto God, because He hath vouchsafed this. We have not received what we were deserving of: “He hath not dealt with us according to our sins, nor rewarded us according to our wickednesses.” “For as the height of heaven above the earth, so hath the Lord confirmed His mercy toward them that fear Him” (ver. 11). Observe the heaven: everywhere on every side it covereth the earth, nor is there any part of the earth not covered by the heaven. Men sin beneath heaven: they do all evil deeds beneath the heaven; yet they are covered by the heaven. Thence is light for the eyes, thence air, thence breath, thence rain upon the earth for the sake of its fruits, thence all mercy from heaven. Take away the aid of heaven from the earth: it will fail at once. As then the protection of heaven abideth upon the earth, so doth the Lord’s protection abide upon them that fear Him. Thou fearest God, His protection is above thee. But perhaps thou art scourged, and conceivest that God hath forsaken thee. God hath forsaken thee, if the protection of heaven hath forsaken the earth.
[«vers. 16.] Satiabuntur ligna campi:» sed de ista gratia educta de terra. «Ligna campi,» plebes populorum. «Et cedri Libani quas plantavit.» Cedri Libani, potentes in saeculo, et ipsi satiabuntur. Pervenit panis, et vinum, et oleum Christi ad senatores, ad nobiles, ad reges; satiata sunt ligna campi. Prius humiles satiati sunt, deinde etiam cedri Libani, sed «quas plantavit» ipse: piae cedri, religiosi fideles; tales enim plantavit. Nam et impii sunt cedri Libani, quia, «Conteret Dominus cedros Libani» . Libanus enim mons est; ibi istae arbores etiam secundum litteram annosissimae sunt et excellentissimae. Libanus autem interpretatur, sicut legimus in eis qui ista scripserunt, Candidatio. Libanus dicitur candidatio: videtur autem candidatio esse saeculi hujus, modo nitentis et fulgentis in pompis suis. Sunt ibi cedri Libani quas plantavit Dominus; ipsae satiabuntur quas plantavit Dominus. Nam «arbor,» inquit, «quam non plantavit Pater meus, eradicabitur» . «Et cedri Libani quas plantavit.»
103.16 PL 36, 1371
16. “Look, how wide the east is from the west; so far hath He set our sins from us” (ver. 12). They who know the Sacraments know this; nevertheless, I only say what all may hear. When sin is remitted, thy sins fall, thy grace riseth; thy sins are as it were on the decline, thy grace which freeth thee on the rise. “Truth springeth from the earth.” What meaneth this? Thy grace is born, thy sins fall, thou art in a certain manner made new. Thou shouldest look to the rising, and turn away from the setting. Turn away from thy sins, turn unto the grace of God; when thy sins fall, thou riseth and profitest.…One region of the heaven falleth, another riseth: but the region which is now rising will set after twelve hours. Not like this is the grace which riseth unto us: both our sins fall for ever, and grace abideth for ever.
[«vers. 17.] Illic passeres nidificabunt. Fulicae domus dux est eorum.» Ubi passeres nidificabunt? In cedris Libani. Jam audivimus quae sint cedri Libani, nobiles saeculi, excelsi genere, opibus, honoribus: et ipsae cedri satiantur, illae tamen quas plantavit ipse. In his cedris passeres nidificant. Qui sunt passeres? Aves quidem et volatilia coeli sunt passeres, sed minuta volatilia solent dici passeres. Sunt ergo quidam spirituales nidificantes in cedris Libani: id est, sunt quidam servi Dei audientes in Evangelio, «Dimitte omnia tua,» vel, «vende omnia tua, et da pauperibus, et habebis thesaurum in coelis; et veni, sequere me» . Et non tantum hoc audierunt magni, sed audierunt et parvi, et voluerunt hoc facere et parvi, et esse spirituales; non jungi uxoribus, non macerari cura filiorum, non habere proprias sedes quibus deligarentur, sed ire in vitam quamdam communem. Sed quid dimiserunt isti passeres? Minuti enim saeculi hujus passeres videntur. Quid dimiserunt? quid magnum dimiserunt? Alius se convertit, dimisit cellam patris sui inopem, vix unum lectum et unam arcam. Convertit se tamen, factus est passer, quaesivit spiritualia. Bene, optime; non illi insultemus, non dicamus: Nihil dimisisti. Non superbiat qui multa dimisit. Petrus ut sequeretur Dominum, novimus quod piscator erat, quid potuit dimittere? Vel frater ejus Andreas, vel filii Zebedaei Joannes et Jacobus, etiam ipsi piscatores ; et tamen quid dixerunt? «Ecce nos dimisimus omnia, et secuti sumus te» . Non ei dixit Dominus: Oblitus es paupertatem tuam; quid dimisisti ut totum mundum acciperes? Multum dimisit, fratres mei, multum dimisit, qui non solum dimisit quidquid habebat, sed etiam quidquid habere cupiebat. Quis enim pauper non turgescit in spem saeculi hujus? quis non quotidie cupit augere quod habet? Ista cupiditas praecisa est: ibat in immensum, accepit modum, et nihil dimissum est? Prorsus totum mundum dimisit Petrus, et totum mundum Petrus accepit. Quasi nihil habentes, et omnia possidentes . Faciunt hoc multi: ista faciunt qui parum habent, et veniunt, et fiunt passeres utiles. Minuti videntur, quia non habent altitudinem dignitatis saecularis: nidificant in cedris Libani. Etenim et cedri Libani, nobiles et divites et excelsi hujus saeculi, quoniam cum timore audiunt, «Beatus qui intelligit super egenum et pauperem;» attendunt res suas, villas suas, et omnes superfluas copias, quibus videntur excelsi, et praebent illas servis Dei; dant agros, dant hortos, aedificant ecclesias, monasteria, colligunt passeres, ut in cedris Libani nidificent passeres. Ergo satiantur «cedri» «Libani quas plantavit» Dominus, et «illic passeres nidificabunt.» Attendite totam terram, si non ita est. Ut loquerer ista, non solum credidi, sed et vidi; dedit mihi intellectum ipsum experimentum. Interrogate latissimas terras qui nostis, et videte in quam multis cedris Libani passeres illi, de quibus locutus sum, nidificant.
103.17 PL 36, 1372
17. “Yea, like as a father pitieth his own children, even so hath the Lord had mercy on them that fear Him” (ver. 13). Let Him be as angry as He shall will, He is our Father. But He hath scourged us, and afflicted us, and bruised us: He is our Father. Son, if thou bewailest, wail beneath thy Father; do not so with indignation, do not so with the puffing up of pride. What thou sufferest, whence thou mournest, it is medicine, not punishment; it is thy chastening, not thy condemnation. Do not refuse the scourge, if thou dost not wish to be refused thy heritage: do not think of what punishment thou sufferest in the scourge, but what place thou hast in the Testament.
Sed tamen, fratres mei, ipsi passeres si spirituales sunt, quamvis nidificent in cedris Libani, non pro magno habere debent cedros Libani, et putare illos esse superiores, a quibus eorum necessaria complentur. Passeres enim sunt; illae autem cedri Libani sunt. Ergo «fulicae domus dux est» passerum. Quamvis in cedris Libani nidificent passeres, non tamen cedri Libani duces sunt passerum. Ecce satiabuntur ligna campi, omnes populi; et cedri Libani satiabuntur, quas plantavit Dominus, omnes nobiles et excelsi fideles. Illic, id est in cedris Libani, passeres nidificabunt; praebebunt ramos facultatum suarum colligendis minutis spiritualibus. Praebent ista, faciunt haec cedri Libani quas plantavit Dominus; faciunt, et libenter faciunt; noverunt quid faciant, noverunt quid accipiant. Sed passeres quamvis in cedris Libani nidificabunt, «Fulicae domus dux est eorum.» Quae est fulicae domus? Fulica, sicut omnes novimus, marina avis est; vel in stagnis est, vel in mari est. Habet quamdam domum non facile in littore terrae, aut nunquam; sed in iis quae in media aqua sunt: plerumque ergo in petris quas aqua circumdat. Intelligimus ergo petram esse idoneam fulicae domum, nusquam fortius et firmius habitat, quam in petra. In quali petra? In mari constituta. Etsi tunditur fluctibus, frangit tamen fluctus, non frangitur: hoc habet magnum petra in mari constituta. Quanti fluctus contuderunt petram nostram, Dominum Christum? Elisi sunt in illum Judaei; illi fracti sunt, ille integer mansit. Et unusquisque imitans Christum, ita sit in isto saeculo, id est in isto mari, ubi non potest nisi procellas tempestatesque sentire, ut nulli vento cedat, nulli fluctui, sed omnia excipiat, et integer maneat. Ergo fulicae domus et fortis est, et humilis. Non habet domum fulica in excelsis; nihil illa domo firmius, et nihil humilius. In cedris quidem nidificant passeres, propter praesentem necessitatem: sed petram illam habent ducem, quae fluctibus tunditur, et non frangitur; imitantur enim Christi passiones. Et si forte cedri Libani iratae fuerint, et aliquid molestiae vel scandali servis Dei in ramis suis commoverint, volabunt quidem inde passeres; sed vae cedro remanenti sine nidis passerum. Passeres enim non naufragabunt, non peribunt; quia «fulicae domus dux est eorum.»
103.18 PL 36, 1372
18. “For He knoweth our forming” (ver. 14): that is, our infirmity. He knoweth what He hath created, how it hath fallen, how it may be repaired, how it may be adopted, how it may be enriched. Behold, we are made of clay: “The first man is of the earth, earthy: the second man is the Lord from heaven.” He sent even His own Son, Him who was made the second man, Him who was God before all things. For He was second in His coming, first in His returning: He died after many, He arose before all. “He knoweth our forming.” What forming? Ourselves. Why sayest thou that He knoweth? Because He hath pitied. “Remember that we are but dust.” Addressing God Himself, he saith, “Remember,” as if God could forget: He perceiveth, He knoweth in such a manner that He cannot forget. But what meaneth, “Remember”? Let thy mercy continue towards us. Thou knowest our forming; forget not our forming, lest we forget thy grace.
[«vers.» 18.] Quid ergo sequitur? «Montes altissimi cervis.» Cervi, magni, spirituales, transcendentes in cursu omnia spinosa veprium atque silvarum. «Qui perficit,» inquit, «pedes meos sicut cervi, et super excelsa statuet me» . Teneant montes altos, alta praecepta Dei; sublimia cogitent, teneant ea quae multum eminent in Scripturis, justificentur in summis: cervis enim sunt illi montes altissimi. Quid de humilibus bestiis? quid de lepore? quid de ericio? Lepus minutum animal et infirmum, ericius etiam spinosum: illud animal timidum, illud animal spinis coopertum. Spinae quid significant, nisi peccatores? Qui peccat quotidie, etiamsi non magna peccata, minutissimis spinis coopertus est. In eo quod timet, lepus est; in eo quod minutissimis peccatis operitur, ericius est: et non potest tenere excelsa illa et perfecta praecepta. Illi enim «montes altissimi cervis.» Quid ergo? isti pereunt? Non. Sic enim «montes altissimi cervis,» ut et his videas quid sequatur: «Petra refugium ericiis et leporibus.» Quia factus est Dominus refugium pauperi . Ponas petram illam in terra, refugium est ericiis et leporibus: ponas illam in mari, domus est fulicae. Ubique utilis petra. Et in montibus ipsa utilis: montes sine petrae fundamento ruerent in profundum. Nonne jamdudum de montibus dicebatur: «Illic volatilia coeli inhabitabunt; de medio petrarum dabunt voces suas?» Ubique ergo petra refugium nostrum: sive in montibus excelsa sit, sive in mari tundatur fluctibus, non frangatur, sive in terra solidetur; ad illam cervi, ad illam fulica, ad illam lepus et ericius. Tundant pectora lepores, et ericii confiteantur peccata sua: licet cooperti sint minutis quidem quotidianisque peccatis; non eis tamen deest petra, quae illos docuit dicere, «Dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris» . «Petra refugium ericiis et leporibus.»
103.19 PL 36, 1373
19. “Man, his days are but as grass” (ver. 15). Let man consider what he is; let not man be proud. “His days are but as grass.” Why is the grass proud, that is now flourishing, and in a very short space dried up? Why is the grass proud that flourisheth only for a brief season, until the sun be hot? It is then good for us that His mercy be upon us, and from grass make gold. “For he flourisheth as a flower of the field.” The whole splendour of the human race; honour, powers, riches, pride, threats, is the flower of the grass. That house flourisheth, and that family is great, that family flourisheth; and how many flourish, and how many years do they live! Many years to thee, are but a short season unto God. God doth not count, as thou dost. Compared with the length and long life of ages, all the flower of any house is as the flower of the field. All the beauty of the year hardly lasteth for the year. Whatever there flourisheth, whatever there is warmed with heat, whatever there is beautiful, lasteth not; nay, it cannot exist for one whole year. In how brief a season do flowers pass away, and these are the beauty of the herbs! This which is so very beautiful, this quickly falleth. Inasmuch then as He knoweth as a father our forming, that we are but grass, and can only flourish for a time; He sent unto us His Word, and His Word, which abideth for evermore, He hath made a brother unto the grass which abideth not. Wonder not that thou shalt be a sharer of His Eternity; He became Himself first a sharer of thy grass. Will He who assumed from thee what was lowly, deny unto thee what is exalted in respect of thee?
[«vers. 19.] Fecit lunam in tempora.» Intelligimus spiritualiter Ecclesiam crescentem de minimo, et ista mortalitate vitae quodammodo senescentem; sed ut propinquet ad solem. Non istam lunam dico visibilem oculis, sed quae hoc nomine significatur. Ista quando obscura erat Ecclesia, quando nondum apparebat, nondum eminebat, seducebantur homines, et dicebatur, Haec est Ecclesia, hic est Christus; «ut sagittarent in obscura luna rectos cord.» . Modo quam caecus est qui plena luna errat? «Fecit lunam in tempora.» Hic enim temporaliter transit Ecclesia; non enim hic erit semper ista mortalitas: augeri et minui aliquando transibit; in tempora facta est. «Sol agnovit occasum suum.» Et hic quis sol, nisi sol ille justitiae, quem sibi non ortum impii plangent in die judicii? Qui dicturi sunt in illo die, «Ergo erravimus a via veritatis, et justitiae lumen non luxit nobis, et sol non ortus est nobis» . Ei sol iste oritur, qui intelligit Christum. Recedit autem ab intellectu ejus Christus, qui sic iratus fuerit fratri suo, ut teneat odium. Itaque «irascimini, et nolite peccare» . Charitas etsi irascitur aliquando, ut corrigat, non tenetur rea; quia non inveteravit ira, ut verteretur in odium. Si autem ira conversa fuerit in odium, occidit sol super iracundiam vestram. «Non» igitur «occidat sol super iracundiam vestram» .
103.20 PL 36, 1373
20. “The wind shall go over on it, it shall not be; and the place thereof shall know it no more” (ver. 16). For he is not speaking of grass, but of that for whose sake even the Word became grass. For thou art man, and on thy account the Word became man. “All flesh is grass:” “and the Word was made flesh.” How great then is the hope of the grass, since the Word hath been made flesh? That which abideth for evermore, hath not disdained to assume grass, that the grass might not despair of itself.
Nec putetis, fratres, ideo nonnulis solem esse adorandum, quia sol in Scripturis aliquando Christum significat. Talis est enim dementia hominum; quasi adorandum aliquid dicatur, cum dicitur, Sol Christum significat. Adora ergo et petram, quia Christum significat . «Sicut ovis ad victimam» «ductus est» ; adora et ovem, quia Christum significat. «Vicit leo de tribu Juda» ; adora et leonem, quia Christum significat. Videte quam multa Christum significent; omnia ista Christus in similitudine, non in proprietate. Quaeris proprietatem Christi? «In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat apud Deum.» Ecce proprietas Christi, per quam factus es. Vis audire et proprietatem per quam refectus es? «Et Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis» . Caetera similitudines sunt. Intellige, esto Scripturae capax, ut aliud videas objici oculis tuis, aliud innui cordi tuo.
103.21 PL 36, 1374
21. In thy reflections therefore on thyself, think of thy low estate, think of thy dust: be not lifted up: if thou art anything better, thou wilt be so by His Grace, thou wilt be so by His mercy. For hear what followeth: “but the mercy of the Lord endureth for ever and ever upon them that fear Him” (ver. 17). Ye who fear not Him, will be grass, and in grass, and in torment with the grass: for the flesh shall arise unto the torment. Let those who fear Him rejoice, because His mercy is upon them.
Sol ergo ille, jam securi dicimus, sol ille justitiae, non sine causa impiis non oritur, etsi volunt: ipsa enim Sapientia dicit, «Quaerent me mali, et non invenient. Quaerent, et non invenient.» Et quare? Oderunt enim sapientiam. Ipsa Sapientia loquitur, et dicit: «Quaerent me mali, et non invenient; oderunt enim sapientiam» . Si ergo oderunt, quare quaerunt? Quaerunt, non ut fruantur, sed ut inflentur; quaerunt sermonibus, oderunt moribus. «Spiritus enim sanctus disciplinae fugiet fictum, et auferet se a cogitationibus quae sunt sine intellectu» . Non ergo sol ille oritur impiis, non oritur malis. At vero de isto sole quid dictum est? «Qui facit solem suum oriri super bonos et malos, et pluit super justos et injustos» . Ergo de illo sole justitiae nescio quid significat psalmus iste secundum mysterium; nam videmus ista fieri in creatura etiam secundum speciem rerum visibilium: «Sol agnovit occasum suum.» Quid est, «Sol agnovit occasum suum?» Christus agnovit passionem suam: occasus Christi, passio Christi. Sed numquid sic sol occidit, ut non oriatur? «Numquid qui dormit, non adjiciet ut resurgat» ? nonne ipse dixit, «Dormivi turbatus?» et de illo dictum est, «Exaltare super coelos, Deus» ? Ergo, «Sol agnovit occasum suum:» quid est, «agnovit?» Approbavit, placuit ei. Et unde ostendimus quia agnovit, hoc est, placuit ei? Quid enim non novit Deus? quid non novit Christus? Et tamen dicturus est in fine quibusdam: «Non novi vos» . Quomodo ergo ibi, «Non novi vos,» non est quasi, Mihi ignoti estis, sed, non mihi placetis; sic et hic, «agnovit occasum suum,» placuit illi occasus suus. Si enim ei displiceret, quomodo pateretur? Homini enim, quia non est ille sol, etiamsi displiceat passio sua, patitur et quod non vult. Ille autem non pateretur, nisi ei placeret: id est, nisi agnosceret occasum suum, non occideret; quia ipse ait, «Potestatem habeo ponendi animam meam, et potestatem habeo iterum sumendi eam: nemo tollit eam a me, sed ego ipse eam pono a me» . Ergo, «agnovit occasum suum.»
103.22 PL 36, 1374
22. “And His righteousness upon children’s children” (ver. 18). He speaketh of reward, “upon children’s children.” How many servants of God are there who have not children, how much less children’s children? But He calleth our works our children; the reward of works, our “children’s children.” “Even upon such as keep His covenant.” Let men beware that all may not conceive what is here said to belong to themselves: let them choose, while they have the choice. “And keep in memory His commandments to do them.” Thou wast already disposed to flatter thyself, and perhaps to recite to me the Psalter, which I have not by heart, or from memory to say over the whole Law. Clearly thou art better in point of memory than I, better than any righteous man who doth not know the Law word for word: but see that thou keep the commandments. But how shouldest thou keep them? Not by memory, but by life. “Such as keep in memory His commandments:” not, to recite them; but, “to do them.” And now perhaps each man’s soul is disturbed. Who remembereth all the commandments of God? who remembereth all the writings of God? Lo, I wish not only to hold them in my memory, but also to do them in my works: but who remembereth them all? Fear not: He burdeneth thee not: “on two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”…
[«vers.» 20, 21.] Et quid, cum occidit sol, cum passus est Dominus? Factae sunt quaedam tenebrae in Apostolis, defecit spes eorum, quibus primo magnus et redemptor omnium videbatur. Quare? «Posuisti tenebras, et facta est nox: ibi pertransibunt omnes bestiae silvae. Catuli leonum rugientes, ut rapiant, quaerentes a Deo escam sibi». Quid intelligam spiritualiter catulos leonum, nisi spiritualia nequitiae ? quid intelligam nisi mala daemonia, quae daemonia pascuntur erroribus hominum? Sunt enim principes daemoniorum, et sunt daemonia quaedam contemptibilia. Ista daemonia seducere animas quaerunt, sed ubi sol non ortus est; tenebrae enim sunt. Et cum tenebrae sunt, quaerunt catuli leonum quos devorent. Ipse leo major, princeps omnium talium leonum, quid de illo dictum est? «Nescitis quia adversarius vester diabolus, tanquam leo rugiens circuit, quaerens quem devoret» ? Ideo «quaerentes a Deo escam sibi;» quia nec tentari quis potest a diabolo, nisi permittente Deo. Job sanctus ante diabolum erat, et tamen longe ab illo erat: aspectu ante illum, potestate remotus ab illo. Quando auderet tentare vel carnem, vel facultates ejus quas possidebat, nisi accepisset potestatem? Quare autem datur potestas? Aut ad damnandos impios, aut ad probandos pios. Juste hoc totum Dominus agit; et in neminem habet diabolus potestatem, vel in aliquid ejus, nisi ille concedat, cui est potestas summa et sublimis. Sic diabolo, sic homini nulla est potestas in hominem, nisi desuper detur. Stabat judex vivorum et mortuorum ante hominem judicem, et inflavit se homo judex videns ante se Christum, et ait: «Nescis quia potestatem habeo occidendi et dimittendi te?» At ille qui venerat et eum docere, a quo judicabatur: «Non haberes,» inquit, «in me potestatem, nisi esset tibi desuper data» . Et homo et diabolus et quaelibet daemonia nonnisi accepta potestate nocent: sed proficientibus non nocent. Malis ita sunt tanquam ignis feno; bonis ita sunt tanquam ignis auro. Manducatus est Judas ut fenum; probatus est Job ut aurum. «Posuisti tenebras, et facta est nox: illic pertransibunt omnes bestiae silvae.» Jam bestiae silvae alio modo: alio enim et alio modo semper ista intelliguntur; quomodo Dominus ipse agnus, ipse leo. Quid tam diversum quam agnus et leo? Sed qualis agnus? Qui vinceret lupum, vinceret leonem. Ipse petra, ipse pastor, ipse janua. Pastor intrat per januam: et dicit, «Ego sum pastor bonus;» et dicit, «Ego sum janua» . Ipsum leonis nomen Dominum significat; quia, «Vicit leo de tribu Juda» , et diabolum; quia, «Conculcavit leonem et draconem» . Discite sic intelligere, cum figurate ista dicuntur; ne forte ubi legeritis quod Christum significat petra , ubique petram Christum putetis. Significat alia atque alia, sicut littera quo loco ponatur vide, ibi intelligis ejus vim. Si audieris litteram primam in nomine Dei, et putaveris eam semper ibi ponendam, delebis eam in nomine diaboli. Ab eadem enim littera incipit nomen Dei, a qua incipit nomen diaboli; et nihil tam disjunctum, quam Deus et diabolus. Vide ergo quam absurdus est a rebus et humanis et divinis, qui dixerit de littera singulari D, Non debet haberi in capite nominis diaboli, et cum quaesieris, quare? respondeat: Ego in nomine Dei legi istam litteram. Ridetur iste; nam nec talis est cui digneris reddere rationem. Nolite ergo tam pueriliter sapere etiam ista divina, ut forte aliquis vestrum, quia dixi superius bestias silvae significare Gentes, modo autem dico bestias silvae significare daemonia et angelos praevaricationis, putet iis me aliquid contrarium dicere. Similitudines enim sunt, et in quocumque loco sunt, circumstantia sui exponuntur. «Illic pertransibunt omnes bestiae silvae.» Ubi? In nocte quam posuit Dominus, quia «sol agnovit occasum suum. Catuli leonum rugientes, ut rapiant, quaerentes a Deo escam sibi.» Merito Dominus venturus ad occasum suum, ipse sol justitiae agnoscens occasum suum, ait discipulis, tanquam tenebris futuris, circuituro leone, ut quaereret quem devoraret, quod ille leo neminem devoraret, nisi peteret: «Hac nocte,» inquit, «postulavit satanas vexare vos sicut triticum; et ego rogavi pro te, Petre, ne deficiat fides tua» . Nonne Petrus cum ter negavit , jam inter dentes leonis erat? «Catuli leonum rugientes, ut rapiant, et ut quaerant a Deo escam sibi.»
103.23 PL 36, 1376
23. “The Lord hath prepared His throne in heaven” (ver. 19). Who but Christ hath prepared His throne in heaven? He who descended and ascended, He who died, and rose from the dead, He who lifted up to heaven the manhood He had assumed, hath Himself prepared His throne in heaven. The throne is the seat of the Judge: observe therefore ye who hear, that “He hath prepared His throne in heaven.”…The kingdom is the Lord’s, and He shall be the Governor among the people. “And His kingdom shall rule over all.”
[«vers. 22.] Ortus est sol.» Qui dixit, «Potestatem habeo ponendi animam meam, et potestatem habeo iterum sumendi eam; agnovit occasum suum,» et posuit eam; «ortus est sol,» et recepit eam. «Ortus est sol,» quia occidit sol, sed non exstinctus est sol. Adhuc eis qui non intelligunt Christum, ipsa nox est; adhuc eis sol ortus non est: instent, ut intelligant, ne rapiantur a rugiente leone. Nam ecce quibus ortus est, non eos audent invadere catuli leonum. Sequitur enim: «Ortus est sol, et congregati sunt, et in cubilibus suis cubabunt.» Magis magisque ubi oritur sol iste, ut intelligatur ab orbe terrarum, et clarificetur Christus in toto mundo, congregantur catuli leonum; illa daemonia recedunt a persecutione Ecclesiae, quae instigabant persequi domum Dei, operando in filiis diffidentiae. Nam dictum est: «Secundum principem potestatis aeris, qui nunc operatur in filiis infidelitatis» . Modo jam quia nemo eorum persequi audet Ecclesiam, «ortus est sol, et congregati sunt.» Et ubi sunt? «Et in cubilibus suis cubabunt.» Cubilia eorum, corda infidelium. Quam multi gerunt leones cubantes in cordibus suis? Non inde erumpunt, non faciunt impetum in istam peregrinantem Jerusalem. Quare non faciunt? Quia jam «ortus est sol,» et splendet in toto orbe terrarum.
103.24 PL 36, 1376
24. “Bless ye the Lord, ye Angels of His, ye that are mighty in strength: ye that fulfil His word” (ver. 20). By the word of God, then, thou art not righteous, nor faithful, unless when thou dost it. “Ye that are mighty in strength, ye that fulfil His commandment, and hearken unto the voice of His words.”
[«vers.» 23.] Ergo vide quid sequatur, quia «ortus est sol, et congregati sunt, et in cubilibus suis cubabunt.» Quid tu, o homo Dei? quid tu, o Ecclesia Dei? quid tu, o corpus Christi, cujus caput in coelo est? quid tu facis, o homo, unitas ejus? «Exiet,» inquit, «homo ad opus suum.» Operetur ergo iste homo opera bona in securitate pacis Ecclesiae, operetur usque in finem. Aliquando enim erit quaedam contenebratio, et fiet quidam impetus, sed in vespera, id est in fine mundi: modo-autem in pace et tranquillitate operatur Ecclesia; quia «exiet homo ad opus suum, et ad operationem suam usque ad vesperam.»
103.25 PL 36, 1377
25. “Bless ye the Lord, all ye His hosts: ye servants of His that do His pleasure” (ver. 21). All ye angels, all ye that are mighty in strength: ye that do His word: all ye His hosts, ye servants of His that do His pleasure, do ye, ye bless the Lord. For all they who live wickedly, though their tongues be silent, by their lips do curse the Lord. What doth it profit if thy tongue singeth a hymn, while thy life breatheth sacrilege? By living ill thou hast set many tongues to blasphemy. Thy tongue is given to the hymn, the tongues of those who behold thee, to blasphemy. If then thou dost wish to bless the Lord, do His word, do His will.…
[«vers. 24.] Quam magnificata sunt opera tua, Domine!» Merito magna, merito excelsa. Ubi facta sunt opera ista tam magna? quae illa statio Dei ubi stetit, vel quae illa sessio ubi sedit, et ista operatus est? quis locus ubi ista operatus est? unde processerunt primo ista tam pulchra? Si ad litteram accipias, omnis ordinata creatura, ordinate currens, ordinate pulchra, ordinate oriens, ordinate occidens, ordinate peragens omnia tempora, unde processit? Ipsa autem Ecclesia quomodo accepit incrementa, successus, perfectionem? Quomodo destinatur ad finem quemdam immortalitatis? Quibus praeconiis praedicatur? quibus mysteriis commendatur? quibus sacramentis occultatur? qua praedicatione revelatur? Ubi fecit haec Deus? Video magna opera: «Quam magnificata sunt opera tua, Domine!» Quaero ubi fecerit, locum non invenio; sed video quid sequatur: «Omnia in sapientia fecisti.» Ergo omnia in Christo fecisti. Ille contemptus, ille expalmatus, ille consputus, ille spinis coronatus, ille crucifixus, omnia in illo fecisti. Audio, audio quid de illo tuo milite nunties hominibus; quid de illo praecone sancto praedices gentibus, Christum Dei Virtutem, et Dei Sapientiam. Irrideant Judaei crucifixum Christum, quia scandalum est eis; irrideant Pagani crucifixum Christum. quia stultitia est eis: «Nos autem,» inquit, «praedicamus Christum crucifixum, Judaeis quidem scandalum, Gentibus autem stultitiam; ipsis vero vocatis Judaeis et Graecis Christum Dei Virtutem, et Dei Sapientiam» . «Omnia in sapientia fecisti.»
103.26 PL 36, 1377
26. “Bless ye the Lord, all ye works of His, in all places of His dominion” (ver. 22). Therefore in every place. Let Him not be blessed where He ruleth not: “in all places of His dominion.” Let no man perchance say: I cannot praise the Lord in the East, because He hath departed unto the West; or, I cannot praise Him in the West, because He is in the East. “For neither from the east, nor from the west, nor yet from the desert hills. And why? God is the Judge.” He is everywhere, in such wise that everywhere He may be praised: He is in such wise on every side, that we may be joyful in Him on every side: He is in such wise blessed on every side, that on every side we may live well.…“In every place of His dominion: bless thou the Lord, O my soul!” The last verse is the same as the first: blessing is at the head of the Psalm, blessing at the end; from blessing we set out, to blessing let us return, in blessing let us reign.
«Repleta est terra creatura tua.» Repleta est terra creatura Christi. Et quomodo? Quomodo videmus: quid enim non a Patre per Filium creatum est? Quidquid ambulat et repit in terris, quidquid natat in aquis, quidquid volat in aere, quidquid in coelo circumagitur, quanto magis terra, totus mundus creatura Dei est. Sed nescio quid hic significat de quadam creatura nova, de qua dicit Apostolus, «Si qua in Christo nova creatura, vetera transierunt; ecce facta sunt sunt omnia» «nova: omnia autem ex Deo» . Nova creatura quae facta est, omnes credentes in Christum, exuentes se veterem hominem, et induentes novum . «Repleta est terra creatura tua.» In uno loco terrae crucifixus erat, in uno exiguo loco cecidit granum illud in terram, et mortificatum est; sed magnum fructum attulit. Singularis eras, Domine Jesu, donec transires; agnosco in alio psalmo vocem tuam, qua dixisti: «Singularis ego sum, donec transeam» . Singularis ergo eras, donec transires; singularis eras, cum agnovisti occassum tuum: sed ab occasu in ortum transisti. Ortus es, splenduisti, clarificatus es, cum in coelum ascendisti, et «repleta est terra creatura tua.» Psalmum, fratres, nondum finivimus; sed aliquid inde in nomine Christi etiam ad diem Dominicum differamus.