PEPOLI, FAMILY. — The first P. of whom there is certain information is the b. NICCOLÒ,
(as with s. Martino di Tours) the casula or planeta derived, while the piviale (pluvialis) derived from the lacerna. It was later, between the 8th and 9th centuries, that, with other kinds of clothing coming into use, the paenula and the lacerna became exclusively ecclesiastical and liturgical garments. Various types of paenula are represented in depictions of episcopi and presbyteri; thus s. Ambrogio (v.) is dressed in the 5th-century Milanese mosaic (A. Ratti, Il più antico ritratto di s. Ambrogio, in Ambrosia-
Franciscan, who lived in the 13th century; but only somewhat later did this family begin to take part in the turbulent affairs of the Comune of Bologna, leading the Geremei faction and seeking to obtain the lordship at the beginning of the 14th century: the attempt was, however, cut short by riots, which led to the P.’s flight from the city.
In 1337 TADDEO P., skillfully insinuating himself between the factions and taking advantage of the failure of the enterprise of Giovanni di Boemia and Bertrando del Poggetto, succeeded in being acclaimed lord during the general Parliament of the Comune: he then assumed the significant title of conservator of peace and justice and even managed to obtain the vicariate from Benedetto XII. Taddeo’s sons, GIACOMO and GIOVANNI, were unable to withstand the Visconti advance and, abandoned by Ettore di Durafort, general of the Papal States, ceded the lordship for 200,000 florins to Giovanni Visconti, returning to private life. In the 15th century three P. were professors at Bologna; during the 16th century, UGO P. served with Giovanni dei Medici, and in the 18th century notable literary works were produced by CORNELIO and ALESSANDRO (1757–96), the latter of whom also founded a printing house in Venice. In the 19th century the following are remembered: CARLO (1796–1881), for having taken part in the uprisings of ’51, together with the Bonapartists, and for having been a deputy in the Roman Consulta of ’48; ANNA (1783–1844), the preceding man’s sister and author of important works devoted to the education of women; GIOACCHINO NAPOLEONE (1825–81), a combatant in the Papal army of ’48, a collaborator with Cavour in making Napoleon III favorably disposed toward Piedmontese policy, and Minister of Agriculture under Rattazzi (1862).