Dauid for more securitie goeth againe to Achis king of Geth, 5. obtaineth of him the citie of Siceleg, (6. by which meanes it becometh subiect to the kinges of Iuda) 8. and maketh prayes vpon the enemies of King Achis.
1And David said in his heart: I shall one day or other fall into the hands of Saul: is it not better for me to flee, and to be saved in the land of the Philistines, that Saul may despair of me, and cease to seek me in all the coasts of Israel? I will flee then out of his hands.Ma David diceva in cuor suo: Io cadrò o prima, o dopo nelle mani di Saul: non è egli meglio ch'io fugga, e mi salvi nel paese dei Filistei, affinchè Saul perduta ogni speranza, finisca di andar cercandomi per tutto il paese d'Israele? fuggirò adunque dalle sue mani.AND Dauid sayd in his hart: at length I shal fal one day into the handes of Saul: is it not better that I flee, and be saued in the Land of the Philistians, that Saul may despaire, and cease to seeke me in al the coastes of Israel? I wil flee therefore his handes.Et ait David in corde suo: Aliquando incidam una die in manus Saul: nonne melius est ut fugiam, et salver in terra Philisthinorum, ut desperet Saul, cessetque me quærere in cunctis finibus Israël ? fugiam ergo manus ejus. 2And David arose, and went away, both he and the six hundred men that were with him, to Achis, the son of Maoch, king of Geth.E David si mosse, e coi secento uomini, che eran seco, andò a trovare Achis figliuolo di Maoch, re di Geth.And Dauid arose, and went himselfe, and the six hundred men with him, to Achis the sonne of Maoch, the King of Geth.Et surrexit David, et abiit ipse, et sexcenti viri cum eo, ad Achis filium Maoch regem Geth. 3And David dwelt with Achis at Geth, he and his men; every man with his household, and David with his two wives, Achinoam, the Jezrahelitess, and Abigail, the wife of Nabal of Carmel.E David fece sua dimora con Achis in Geth, egli, e la sua gente, ciascuno colla sua famiglia, ed erano con David le sue due mogli. Achinoam di Jezrael, e Abigail vedova di Nabal del Carmelo.And Dauid dwelt with Achis in Geth, he and his men; euerieman & his house, and his two wiues, Achinoam the Iezrahelite, and Abigail the wife of Nabal of Carmel.Et habitavit David cum Achis in Geth, ipse et viri ejus: vir et domus ejus: et David, et duæ uxores ejus, Achinoam Jezrahelitis, et Abigail uxor Nabal Carmeli. 4And it was told Saul that David was fled to Geth, and he sought no more after him.E Saul riseppe, come David era fuggito in Geth, e non si mosse più per cercarlo.And it was told Saul that Dauid was fled into Geth, and he added no more to seeke him.Et nuntiatum est Sauli quod fugisset David in Geth, et non addidit ultra quærere eum.
5And David said to Achis: If I have found favour in thy sight, let a place be given me in one of the cities of this country, that I may dwell there: for why should thy servant dwell in the royal city with thee?Ma David disse ad Achis: Se io ho trovata grazia negli occhi tuoi, siami dato luogo in una delle città di questa regione per abitarvi: imperocché a qual fine starà teco il tuo servo nella città del re?And Dauid sayd to Achis: If I haue grace in thy sight, let there a place be geuen me in one of thy cities of this countrie, that I may dwel there: for why abideth thy seruant in the citie of the king with thee?Dixit autem David ad Achis: Si inveni gratiam in oculis tuis, detur mihi locus in una urbium regionis hujus, ut habitem ibi: cur enim manet servus tuus in civitate regis tecum ? 6Then Achis gave him Siceleg that day: for which reason Siceleg belongeth to the kings of Juda unto this day.Achis pertanto gli assegnò subito Siceleg, e in questo modo Siceleg diventò città de' regi di Giuda, com'è anche adesso.Achis therefore gaue him in that day Siceleg: for which cause Siceleg became the kinges of Iuda vntil this day.Dedit itaque ei Achis in die illa Siceleg: propter quam causam facta est Siceleg regum Juda usque in diem hanc. 7And the time that David dwelt in the country of the Philistines, was four months.E il tempo che David passò nel paese de' Filistei fu di quattro mesi.And the number of the daies, that Dauid dwelt in the country of the Philistians, was foure monethes.Fuit autem numerus dierum quibus habitavit David in regione Philisthinorum, quatuor mensium. 8And David and his men went up, and pillaged Gessuri, and Gerzi, and the Amalecites: for these were of old the inhabitants of the countries, as men go to Sur, even to the land of Egypt.E David si mosse colla sua gente, e mettevano saccomanno Gessuri, e Gerzi e gli Amaleciti: perocché quei borghi in quel paese erano abitati anticamente sulla strada di Sur sino al paese di Egitto.And Dauid went vp, and his men, and draue prayes out of Gessuri, and Gerzi, and from the Amalecites: for these villages were inhabited in the land in old time, as men goe to Sur, as farre as the Land of Aegypt.Et ascendit David et viri ejus, et agebant prædas de Gessuri, et de Gerzi, et de Amalecitis: hi enim pagi habitabantur in terra antiquitus, euntibus Sur usque ad terram Ægypti. 9And David wasted all the land, and left neither man nor woman alive: and took away the sheep, and the oxen, and the asses, and the camels, and the apparel, and returned and came to Achis.E David desolava tutto quel paese, e non vi lasciava vivo nè uomo, nè donna: e prendendo le pecore, e i bovi, e gli asini, e i cammelli, e le suppellettili, se ne tornava a trovare Achis.And Dauid stroke al the land, neither left he anie man or woman: and taking the sheepe & oxen, and asses, & camels, and garments, he returned & came to Achis.Et percutiebat David omnem terram, nec relinquebat viventem virum et mulierem: tollensque oves, et boves, et asinos, et camelos, et vestes, revertebatur, et veniebat ad Achis.
10And Achis said to him: Whom hast thou gone against to day? David answered: Against the south of Juda, and against the south of Jerameel, and against the south of Ceni.E Achis diceagli: In qual parte hai tu oggi portata la guerra? Rispondea David: Verso la parte meridionale di Giuda, verso la parte meridionale di Jerameel, e verso la parte meridionale di Ceni.And Achis sayd to him: Whom hast thou set vpon to day? Dauid answered: Against the south of Iuda, and against the south of Ieremiel, and against the south of Ceni.Dicebat autem ei Achis: In quem irruisti hodie ? Respondebat David: Contra meridiem Judæ, et contra meridiem Jerameel, et contra meridiem Ceni. 11And David saved neither man nor woman, neither brought he any of them to Geth, saying: Lest they should speak against us. So did David, and such was his proceeding all the days that he dwelt in the country of the Philistines.David non lasciava la vita a nissun uomo, o donna, nè alcuno ne conduceva Geth, dicendo: Potrebbero parlare contro di noi. Così fece David; e questo fu il suo costume per tutto il tempo che abitò nel paese de' Filistei.Dauid gaue life neither to man nor woman, neither brought them into Geth, saying: Lest perhaps they speake against vs. These thinges did Dauid, and this was decreed of him al the daies that he dwelt in the countrie of the Philistians.Virum et mulierem non vivificabat David, nec adducebat in Geth, dicens: Ne forte loquantur adversum nos: Hæc fecit David: et hoc erat decretum illi omnibus diebus quibus habitavit in regione Philisthinorum. 12And Achis believed David, saying: He hath done much harm to his people Israel: Therefore he shall be my servant for ever.Per la qual cosa Achis avea fidanza in Davidde, e diceva: Egli ha fatto gran male al suo popolo d'Israele: ei sarà dunque per sempre mio servo.Achis therefore did credite Dauid, saying: Manie euils hath he wrought against his people Israel: Therefore he shal be my seruant for euer.Credidit ergo Achis David, dicens: Multa mala operatus est contra populum suum Israël: erit igitur mihi servus sempiternus.
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Year of the World 2947.
Du Hamel
Hands. God requires that we should act with prudence. (Du Hamel)
Du Hamel
David probably consulted the Lord, and sent ambassadors to Achis, before he went into his dominions, (Menochius) where he had been in such danger before. (Du Hamel)
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Maoch, or Maacha, 3 Kings 2:29. This king had perhaps seen David, when he counterfeited madness. But now he was convinced that, by granting him protection, he would greatly annoy Saul, and draw many brave men out of his dominions.
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Household. They were aware of the cruelty of Saul. The names of these valiant men are specified, 1 Paralipomenon 12:1., etc.
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Country, less peopled, and more remote from the sea.
With thee. David was attended like a king, so that he wished to avoid giving umbrage to Achis, and, at the same time, keep his own men at a greater distance from the contagious morals of the idolaters.
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Day. This was written some time after the death of Samuel.
Siceleg belonged at first to Juda, and was afterwards given to the tribe of Simeon, till it fell into the hands of the Philistines, and being restored by them to David, was considered afterwards as the property of the kings of Juda. It lay not far from Horma, Josue 19:4.
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Calmet
Months. Hebrew, "days and four months." The former expression denotes a year; though some would have it, that David remained "four months and a few days" in the country. He probably continued so many months at Geth, (ver. 9, 11,) and about a year at Siceleg. (Calmet)
Du Hamel
Septuagint have "days, four months;" and Salien adopts that term. (Haydock) See 1 Kings 29:3. (Du Hamel)
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Challoner
Pillaged Gessuri, etc. These probably were enemies of the people of God; and some, if not all of them, were of the number of those whom God had ordered to be destroyed; which justifies David's proceedings in their regard. Though it is to be observed here, that we are not under an obligation of justifying every thing that he did: for the Scripture, in relating what was done, doth not say that it was well done. And even such as are true servants of God, are not to be imitated in all they do. (Challoner)
Calmet
The nations of Chanaan, who inhabited as far as Egypt, and the Amalecites, who had escaped the arms of Saul, were devoted to destruction, Exodus xvii., etc. In such cases, any man might fall upon them, without any other formal declaration of war. (Calmet)
Menochius
There was another Gessuri of Syria, in the tribe of Manasses, across the Jordan. (Menochius)
Calmet
The country which these people inhabited, to the south of Palestine, was afterwards depopulated by the kings of Egypt and of Syria, in their continual wars, so that many of the cities which are mentioned in Scripture, were never known to profane geographers. (Calmet)
Menochius
St. Jerome, (Trad.) Sa, and others, think that David attacked some of the Philistines. But it is as probable at least that he would abstain from molesting them, who had so generously afforded him an asylum. Salien concludes, that he did not attack the other nations, (except the Amalecites, who were sufficiently marked out for destruction, Deuteronomy 25:19,) without consulting the Lord, by the high priest, as he was accustomed to do in every difficulty. (Salien, the year of the world 2979) (Menochius)
Haydock
They all dwelt in part of the land of Chanaan, (Worthington) which was sufficient. (Haydock)
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Abulensis
Apparel. Saul alone had been ordered to destroy all the property of Amalec. (Abulensis)
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Jerameel, the son of Esron, inhabited the most southern parts of Juda.
Haydock
Ceni, or the Cinites, descendants of Jethro, (Calmet) who dwelt at Arad and the environs. The words of David might signify that he attacked these people of Israel, as Achis understood him; or that he made inroads upon those who dwelt to the south of them, which was really the case. (Haydock)
Menochius
At his return, he passed by Siceleg, where he left the spoil, carrying some of the choicest things, as a present, to Achis. (Menochius)
Salien
But he suffered none of the human race to be carried away captive, lest any of them might disclose the true state of affairs to the king, who might have apprehended that the injured nations would make an attack upon his dominions. (Salien)
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Calmet
Harm. Hebrew, "he hath made himself stinking (an object of horror) to his people." A strong expression used, Genesis 34:30., and Exodus 5:21. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "he is quite covered with confusion." Achis supposed that David had thus forfeited all his pretensions to dwell among, much less, to reign over Israel: so that he might keep him always in his service. (Haydock)
Theodoret
In the mean time, Saul was exterminating the people of Gabaon, which brought a pestilence on Israel, 40 years after. (Theodoret)
Salien
He perhaps supposed that the oath of Josue had not been yet put in execution, as it ought to be, herein indulging too much his cruel temper. (Salien)
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Pillaged Gessuri, etc.... These probably were enemies of the people of God: and some, if not all of them, were of the number of those whom God had ordered to be destroyed: which justifies David’s proceedings in their regard. Though it is to be observed here, that we are not under an obligation of justifying every thing that he did: for the scripture, in relating what was done, does not say that it was well done. And even such as are true servants of God, are not to be imitated in all they do.
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These countries were neither subiect to the Philistijms not to the Israelites, and were also of those nations whom God had cōmanded to dest•roy, dwelling within the land of Chanaan. Deut, 25.
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1. ALIQUANDO INCIDAM UNA DIE IN MANUS SAUL. — David licet enim ipse a Deo per Samuelem unctus esset in regem, tamen id erat eo casu duntaxat, quo ipse superviveret regi Sauli. Aut putabat David se hac unctione et promissione Dei posse excidere per peccata sua, ut permissu Dei in manus Saul incideret, regnoque et vita excideret, uti exciderat Saul. Ita Abulensis.
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2. ET SURREXIT DAVID ET ABIIT IPSE, ET SEXCENTI VIRI CUM EO, AD ACHIS FILIUM MAOCH, REGEM GETH, — quae erat una ex quinque urbibus et satrapiis Philistinorum. Hic est Achis, ad quem antea fugerat David, cap. xxi, ac accusationes Philistinorum metuens coram eo simulans se stultum liber evaserat. Jam vero idipsum non timuit, eo quod nunc ubique etiam in Philistaea constaret inveteratum et continuum odium Saulis in Davidem: quare a Davide licet jam cognito nihil sibi metuebat Achis, imo sperabat eo se duce fideli contra Saulem hostem suum usurum.
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3. ET HABITAVIT DAVID CUM ACHIS IN GETH, IPSE ET VIRI EJUS; VIR ET DOMUS EJUS. — A Geth, dicti sunt Gethaei fidissimi et fortissimi milites Davidis, quia scilicet eum fugientem in Geth secuti erant, ibique cum eo habitabant. Erant ergo ipsi origine Judaei, non Gethaei et Philistini; nam expresse, vers. 2, dictum est sexcentos hosce viros ex Judaea cum Davide profugisse in Geth.
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5. CUR ENIM MANET SERVUS TUUS IN CIVITATE REGIS TECUM? — Cupiebat David ab Achis ejusque aula separari multis de causis. Prima, ut liberius excurrere posset in Philisteos et Amalecitas; secunda, ut pudori uxorum suarum militumque suorum consuleret; tertia, ne milites sui aulicorum fastu, gula, luxuria, ac praesertim infidelitate et idololatria inficerentur.
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6. DEDIT EI ITAQUE ACHIS IN DIE ILLA SICELEG. — «Siceleg» urbs primo sorte obtigit tribui Judae, Josue cap. xv, vers. 31; deinde data tribui Simeonis, Josue cap. xix, vers. 5; postea a Philistinis occupata. Porro Siceleg Hebraice idem est quod angustia sextarii, ait Pagninus, idque congrue ad hunc locum. In ea enim resedit David cum suis militibus, laborans angustia victus et potus.
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7. FUIT AUTEM NUMERUS DIERUM, QUIBUS HABITAVIT DAVID IN REGIONE PHILISTINORUM, QUATUOR MENSIUM. — Hebraice dicitur mansisse dies et quatuor menses, hoc est, per annum et quatuor menses. Verum alii passim dicunt Davidem tantum mansisse apud Achis quatuor mensibus et aliquot diebus. Hoc enim exigit versio Latina vulgata, itaque censent Abulensis, Serarius, Salianus et alii.
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8. ET AGEBAT PRAEDAS DE GESSURI ET DE GERZI ET DE AMALECITIS. — Incolae «Gessuri,» aeque ac «Gerzi» et «Amalecitae» erant hostes Israelis, ac proinde David de iis juste agebat praedas.
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9. NEC RELINQUEBAT VIVENTEM VIRUM ET MULIEREM. — David jus habuit ex lege Deut. cap. xx, quae jubet omnes incolas terrae Hebraeis a Deo promissae occidi. David ergo quasi belli Israelis dux a Saule auctoratus, publicam auctoritatem habuit haec omnia faciendi, Deique jussa exsequendi. Ita Abulensis, Cajetanus et alii.
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10. IN QUEM IRRUISTI HODIE? RESPONDEBAT DAVID: CONTRA MERIDIEM JUDAE. — Mentitur David se in Judaeos hostes Achis regis irruisse, cum irruisset in Philisteos, Chananeos et Amalecitas socios Achis. Mendacium hoc officiosum erat, quod David necessarium putabat ad tuendam vitam.
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12. CREDIDIT ERGO ACHIS DAVID. — Mirum fuit ex tot cladibus et caedibus Philistinorum a Davide editis, nullam permanasse ad aures Achis regis. Humanitus vix fieri id poterat; sed Deus qui omnia Davidis opera dirigebat, ita haec pariter direxit, ut nil resciret Achis. Sicut enim soporem immisit in tota castra Saulis ad salvandum Davidem, cap. xxvi, vers. 12; sic hic immisit quasi inadvertentiam et caecitatem in Achis omnesque aulicos.
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… Saul li vince più volte e li respinge dalla montagna verso la pianura (I Sam. 13-14; 17); ma nella dura battaglia decisiva presso la montagna di Gelboe viene sconfitto, e si toglie la vita (I Sam. 31; II Sam. 1). David, il quale, fuggito dalla corte di Saul, si era trattenuto qualche tempo a Geth (I Sam. 27, 1-7) offrendo i suoi servizi al re Achis, mantiene all'inizio del suo regno buoni rapporti con i F., ma poi, occupata la forte città di Gerusalemme (Iebus) e unite al suo regno anche le …
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GETH (EBR. GATH, ACCAD. GIMTU, « PRESSOIO »)
… NELLA BIBLIA): Ios. 11, 22; I Sam. 17, 4; II Sam. 21, 19 sgg.; I Par. 20, 6. Fu punita per aver tenuto l'arca di Jahweh, che vi seminò la morte (I Sam. 5, 7-10; 6, 17). Vi si rifugiò due volte David perseguitato da Saul (I Sam. 21, 11-16; 27, 2-11), presso il re Achis (v.).
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… Per questo rimase anche in seguito « proprietà della corona » dei re di Giuda, David vi rimase 16 mesi (I Sam. 27, 5 sgg.) fino a che fu data alle fiamme dagli Amaleciti (ibid. 30, 1 sgg.).
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SIMEONE (EBR. ŠIM'ÔN, GRECO ΣΥΜΖΌΝ)
… I Simeoniti forniscono ancora 7100 guerrieri a David (I Par. 12, 25). Ma già in quest'epoca, e sempre più spesso in seguito, le città già di S. vengono censite come giudaiche: Bethel, Ramoth a sud, Arama, Asan (I Sam. 30, 27-30), Bersabee (II Sam. 24, 7; I Reg. 19, 3; II Reg. 23, 8), Siceleg (I Sam. 27, 6), ecc. (cf. I Par. 4, 28-31).
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AMALECITI (EBR. AMALEQ; VOLGATA [COI SETTANTA] AMALEC E AMALECITES)
… Saul li sconfisse col loro re Agag (v.) « da Hevila sino a Sur di fronte all'Egitto », distruggendoli quasi completamente (I Sam. 15, 2-9). Anche David, dapprima per incarico del re filisteo Achis (I Sam. 27, 8), poi per riavere le persone rapite (I Sam. 30, 1-20), condusse da Siceleg vittoriose spedizioni contro gli A. Infine, al tempo di Ezechia, « cinquecento uomini della tribù
2. Da Ios. 13, 2 e I Sam. 27, 8 risulta l'esistenza dei Gessurei, piccolo regno amalccita a sud della Filistea e a est della frontiera d'Egitto. …
… Nella lista di Sesonq I a Karnak si riscontra Iurahma e Iurhem, che rappresentano l'ebraico I. David dava a credere ad Achis di Geth che razzava gli ierameeliti (I Sam. 27, 8 sgg.), mentre invece mandava loro parte del bottino razzato ai nemici di Giuda (I Sam. 30, 29).
Sulla via di S. Pangalo del Signore trovò Agar fuggitiva (Gen. 16, 7); vi passò Abramo nel discendere in Egitto (ibid. 20, 1). Il nome ritorna nell'espressione « da Hevila sino a S. di fronte all'Egitto » o « sulla frontiera d'Egitto » (I Sam. 15, 7; 27, 8) ed indicare la residenza dei discendenti di Ismaele e di Amalec.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.