The children of Israel excedingly fearing Holofernes forces. 3. prouide to resist him, by the exhortation of the High Priest, vsing both humaine, 8. and diuine meanes.
1Then the children of Israel, who dwelt in the land of Juda, hearing these things, were exceedingly afraid of him.Allora i figliuoli d'Israele, che abitavano la terra di Giuda, udite tali cose, ebbero gran paura di sua venuta.THEN the children of Israel, which dwelt in the Land of Iuda, hearing these thinges, were sore asrayd of his presence.Tunc audientes hæc filii Israël qui habitabant in terra Juda, timuerunt valde a facie ejus. 2Dread and horror seized upon their minds, lest he should do the same to Jerusalem and to the temple of the Lord, that he had done to other cities and their temples.Il tremore, e lo spavento invase i loro spiriti, temendo, ch'ei non facesse a Gerusalemme, e al tempio del Signore quello, che avea fatto alle altre città, e ai loro templi.Trembling also, and horrour inuaded their senses, lest he would doe that to Ierusalem and to the temple of our Lord, which he had done to other cities, and their temples.Tremor et horror invasit sensus eorum, ne hoc faceret Jerusalem et templo Domini, quod fecerat ceteris civitatibus et templis earum. 3And they sent into all Samaria round about, as far as Jericho, and seized upon all the tops of the mountains:E mandaron gente per tutta la Samaria, e nelle vicinanze sino a Jericho, e occuparono tutte le cime dei monti:And they sent into al Samaria round about, as for as Iericho, and preoccupated al the toppes of mountaynes:Et miserunt in omnem Samariam per circuitum usque Jericho, et præoccupaverunt omnes vertices montium: 4And they compassed their towns with walls and gathered together corn for provision for war.E cinsero di mura i loro villaggi, e misero insieme del grano preparandosi alla guerra.and they compassed their townes with walles, and gathered together corne for prouision of battel.et muris circumdederunt vicos suos, et congregaverunt frumenta in præparationem pugnæ. 5And Eliachim the priest wrote to all that were over against Esdrelon, which faceth the great plain near Dothain, and to all by whom there might be a passage of way, that they should take possession of the ascents of the mountains, by which there might be any way to Jerusalem, and should keep watch where the way was narrow between the mountains.E il sommo sacerdote Eliachim scrisse a tutti quelli, che abitavano verso Esdrelon, la quale sta dirimpetto alla gran pianura vicina a Dothaim, e a tutti quelli de' luoghi, per dove quegli potea passare.Eliachim the priest wrote to al, that were against Esdrelon, which is against the face of the great fielde beside Dothain, and to al, by whom there might be passage of way, that they should take the ascentes of the mountaynes, by which there might be way to Ierusalem, and should keepe watch, where the way was narrow betwen the mountaynes.Sacerdos etiam Eliachim scripsit ad universos qui erant contra Esdrelon, quæ est contra faciem campi magni juxta Dothain, et universos per quos viæ transitus esse poterat,
6And the children of Israel did as the priest of the Lord Eliachim had appointed them.Che occupassero le alture dei monti per le quali si potea giungere a Gerusalemme, e mettesser presidi ai passi stretti, che potean esservi tralle montagne.And the children of Israel did according as the Priest of our Lord, Eliachim had appointed them.ut obtinerent ascensus montium, per quos via esse poterat ad Jerusalem, et illic custodirent ubi angustum iter esse poterat inter montes. 7And all the people cried to the Lord with great earnestness, and they humbled their souls in fastings, and prayers, both they and their wives.E i figliuoli d'Israele eseguirono i comandi del sacerdote del Signore Eliachim.And al the people cried to our Lord with great instance, and they humbled their soules in fastings, and prayers they & their wiues.Et fecerunt filii Israël secundum quod constituerat eis sacerdos Domini Eliachim. 8And the priests put on haircloths, and they caused the little children to lie prostrate before the temple of the Lord, and the altar of the Lord they covered with haircloth.E tutto il popolo alzò le sue voci al Signore con gran fervore, e umiliarono le anime loro co' digiuni, e colle orazioni eglino, e le loro donne.And the Priestes put on heareclothes, and they laide the infantes prostrate against the face of the temple of our Lord, and the altar of our Lord they couered with hearecloth:Et clamavit omnis populus ad Dominum instantia magna, et humiliaverunt animas suas in jejuniis et orationibus, ipsi et mulieres eorum. 9And they cried to the Lord the God of Israel with one accord, that their children might not be made a prey, and their wives carried off, and their cities destroyed, and their holy things profaned, and that they might not be made a reproach to the Gentiles.E i sacerdoti si vestirono di cilizi, e prostraron per terra i fanciulli davanti al tempio del Signore, e copersero con cilizio l'altare del Signore.and they cried to our Lord the God of Israel With one accord, that their infantes might not be geuē into praye, & their wiues into spoile, and their cities into destruction, and their holie thinges into pollution, and they be made a reproch to the Gentiles.Et induerunt se sacerdotes ciliciis, et infantes prostraverunt contra faciem templi Domini, et altare Domini operuerunt cilicio:
10Then Eliachim the high priest of the Lord went about all Israel and spoke to them,E alzaron tutti insieme le grida al Signore Dio d'Israele, affinchè non fossero rapiti i loro fanciulli, e menate via le loro mogli, e sterminate le loro città, e contaminato il loro santuario, ed essi ridotti ad essere lo scherno delle nazioni.Then Eliachim the high Priest of our Lord went about al Israel and spake to them,et clamaverunt ad Dominum Deum Israël unanimiter ne darentur in prædam infantes eorum, et uxores eorum in divisionem, et civitates eorum in exterminium, et sancta eorum in pollutionem, et fierent opprobrium gentibus. 11Saying: Know ye that the Lord will hear your prayers, if you continue with perseverance in fastings and prayers in the sight of the Lord.Allora Eliachim sommo Sacerdote del Signore girò attorno per tutto Israele parlando loro,saying: Know ye, that our Lord wil heare your prayers, if continewing you continew in fastinges and prayers in the sight of our Lord.Tunc Eliachim sacerdos Domini magnus circuivit omnem Israël, allocutusque est eos, 12Remember Moses the servant of the Lord overcame Amalec that trusted in his own strength, and in his power, and in his army, and in his shields, and in his chariots, and in his horsemen, not by fighting with the sword, but by holy prayers:Dicendo: Sappiate, che il Signore esaudirà le vostre preghiere, se sarete perseveranti ne' digiuni, e nelle orazioni dinanzi, al Signore,Be mindful of Moyses the seruant of our Lord, who ouerthrew Amalec trusting in his power, and in his might, and in his armie, & in his shieldes, & in his chariotes, & in his horsemen, not by fighting, but with holie prayers:dicens: Scitote quoniam exaudiet Dominus preces vestras, si manentes permanseritis in jejuniis et orationibus in conspectu Domini. 13So all the enemies of Israel be, if you persevere in this work which you have begun.Ricordatevi di Mosè servo del Signore, il quale non col ferro combattendo, ma colle orazioni sante pregando abbattè Amalec, che confidava nel suo valore, nella sua possanza, e nelle sue schiere, e ne suoi scudi, e ne suoi cocchi, e nella sua cavalleria:so shal al the enemies of Israel be; if you perseuere in this worke, which you haue begunne.Memores estote Moysi servi Domini, qui Amalec confidentem in virtute sua, et in potentia sua, et in exercitu suo, et in clypeis suis, et in curribus suis, et in equitibus suis, non ferro pugnando, sed precibus sanctis orando dejecit: 14So they being moved by this exhortation of his, prayed to the Lord, and continued in the sight of the Lord.Lo stesso sarà di tutti i nemici d'Israele, se voi sarete perseveranti a fare quel che avete cominciato.They therfore at this exhortation of his, beseching our Lord, continewed in the sight of our Lord,sic erunt universi hostes Israël, si perseveraveritis in hoc opere quod cœpistis. 15So that even they who offered the holocausts to the Lord, offered the sacrifices to the Lord girded with haircloths, and with ashes upon their head.A queste esortazioni adunque quelli raccomandandosi al Signore, non si partirono dal cospetto del Signore.so that they also, which offered the holocaustes to our Lod, did offer the sacrifices to our Lord girded with heareclothes, and there were ashes vpon their head.Ad hanc igitur exhortationem ejus deprecantes Dominum, permanebant in conspectu Domini,
16And they all begged of God with all their heart, that he would visit his people Israel.Talmente che quelli ancora, che offerivano olocausti al Signore, presentavano a lui le vittime vestiti di cilizio, e colla testa coperta di cenere.And they al prayed God with al their hart, that he would visite his people Israel.ita ut etiam hi qui offerebant Domino holocausta, præcincti ciliciis offerrent sacrificia Domino, et erat cinis super capita eorum. 17E tutti di tutto cuore pregavano Dio, che visitasse il suo popolo d'Israele.Et ex toto corde suo omnes orabant Deum, ut visitaret populum suum Israël.
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Haydock
Juda, whither those had retreated who had escaped the fury of the Assyrians, under Theglathphalassar, etc. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Temples. Surrendering would not secure these things; so that their very life and religion were at stake. Resistance, in other circumstances, would have been rashness. (Calmet)
Calmet
Greek adds, "because they were recently come up from captivity, and lately all the people had been collected out of Judea, and the vessels, and the altar, and the house, had been purified from profanation," (Haydock) to which they had been exposed under Manasses, (chap. 5:23.; Calmet) who with several of his subjects had been made prisoner, and was now at Babylon; or, if returned, (Haydock) was wholly taken up with the concerns of his soul, and committed the care of affairs to Eliachim. See Josephus, [Antiquities?] 10:4., and 2 Paralipomenon 33:12, 16. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Samaria, though an enemy's country, as the danger was common. (Menochius)
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War. Greek adds, "as the harvest was just ended."
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Haydock
Priest. Greek, "the great priest in Jerusalem, in those days, wrote to the inhabitants of Betouloua, (Haydock; Bethulia, in the tribe of Simeon) and of Betemestham, (Bethsames; Calmet) which is over-against Esdrelon, and the plain near Dothaim, giving orders to seize the mountainous ascents, by which there was a passage into Judea; and it was easy to stop their progress, as the passage was narrow, and would not admit above two men at once." This reminds us of the heroic resistance which Leonidas, with his 300 Spartans, made to the millions in the army of Xerxes, at Thermopylae. (Haydock)
It seems that Jews attempted to defend these defiles. They had received the orders before the enemy encamped near Scythopolis.
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Calmet
Them. Greek adds, "and the senate of all the people of Israel, which sat at Jerusalem." Serarius thinks that Manasses was busy fortifying the city, and had committed the rest of the kingdom to Eliachim, (Menochius; Worthington) who receives such high commendations, Isaias 22:20. (Calmet)
Houbigant
But is more probable that he was at Babylon. (Houbigant)
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Haydock
Wives. Greek adds, "and their little ones, and beasts, and every sojourner, and hired servant and slave. They put sackcloth on their loins, and every man, woman, and child, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, fell prostrate before the temple, and sprinkled ashes on their heads." The very beasts were covered with sackcloth, to denote the general sorrow. (Haydock)
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Haydock
Priests. Greek, "and they spread their sackclothes before the Lord, and arrayed the altar with sackcloth." (Haydock)
Calmet
This spectacle must have made impression on the most obdurate. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Off. Literally, "divided" from their husbands, (Haydock) or among the victors. (Menochius)
Gentiles. Greek adds, "and God heard their petition, and rescued them from their affliction; and all the people fasted many days in all Judea and Jerusalem, before the sanctuary of the Lord all mighty; and the high priest, Joachim, and all the priests who stood before the Lord, and ministered to the Lord, having their loins girded with sackcloth, offered the accustomed holocaust and the vows and presents of the people, and ashes were upon their caps, and they cried to the Lord with all their power, to look down graciously upon all the house of Jerusalem. And," Judith 5.
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Israel, before the approach of the enemy. (Haydock) (ver. 5.)
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Calmet
Clothes, conformably to the advice of Joel, 1:13. (Calmet)
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The second part. Gods people are in great feare and distresse.
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The high priest managed also the temporal afsayres of the cōmon welth, at this time, by consent & commission of king Manasses, as is most probable these thinges happening shortly after his repentāce. 2. Paral. 33.
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Concordanza Exo. 17.
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san Melitone di Sardi † 180 d.C. Melito, the Philosopher part1
… For he was subject to no control, and carried off the wives of many: for his lust was great, like that of Zuradi the Persian, his friend. Again, the people of Acte worshipped Dionysus, a king, because he had recently
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2. TREMOR ET HORROR INVASIT SENSUS EORUM. — Graeca uberius habent: Et timuerunt valde a facie ejus, et pro Jerusalem, et templo Domini Dei sui turbati sunt, quia recenter fuerant ascendentes de captivitate, et nuper omnis populus congregatus fuerat ex Judaea, et vasa, et altare, et domus (Dei, id est templum) ex profanatione sanctificata erant. Multi, ut dixi in prooemio cum Bellarmino, Saliano et aliis, haec referunt ad Manassen regem Juda, qui cum suis captus in Babylone, liber dimissus est in regnum, ac poenitens templum a se per idola profanatum purgavit, verique Dei cultui restituit. Verum haec etiam fuit captivitas, et liberatio Manassis regis, non totius populi. Adde quod Manassis regis nulla toto hoc libro fiat mentio, quod utique fieri debuisset, cum ad eum, utpote regem, potius quam Eliachim Pontificem pertineret Judaeam contra Holofernem munire, et fauces nondum immisso praesidio insidere. Quare melius alii ad tempora Xerxis haec referunt, cum jam reaedificatum esset templum a Chaldaeis profanatum et combustum. Dices: Quomodo Judaei reversi recenter e captivitate tantas habuere vires et animos, ut castris tam numerosis et validis sese opponere auderent? Respondeo id factum metu captivitatis, cujus acerbitatem et aerumnas nuper in Babylone senserant, ac metu perdendae verae religionis. Nabuchodonosor enim minabatur Deo, et templo excidium, quia solus ut Deus adorari volebat. Hoc autem Judaeis verum Deum colentibus videbatur intolerabile, ut mallent mori quam id permittere. Denique innumerabilis fuit Judaeorum propago, et per generationem multiplicatio instar ranarum et piscium, uti fuit tempore Mosis, Exodi I. Nam Josephus, lib. XI Antiq. cap. IV, reversorum e captivitate Babylonica puberum anno secundo Darii Hystaspis numerat quater millena millia, et insuper 620 millia, idque ex tribubus Juda et Benjamin duntaxat, quibus ex caeteris decem tribubus plurimi se adjunxerunt. Itaque facile potuerunt conflare exercitum numerosum, qui se opponeret Holoferni, maxime in faucibus et praeruptis montium, ubi unus valet decem hostibus resistere.
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4. ET CONGREGAVERUNT FRUMENTA. — Nam ipsorum agri recenter demessi erant, ut addunt Graeca: "Reliquis casibus, ait libro III, cap. III, Vegetius, potest in tempore subveniri: pabulatio, et annona in necessitate non habent remedium, nisi ante condita." Ideoque vetus Romanorum disciplina, "in plerisque oppidis ad usum anni totius, in aceto, frumento, larido, atque hordeo et paleis condita habebat," inquit in Gordiano Capitolinus. Nam, ut ait Vegetius, lib. III, cap. III, "saepius penuria quam pugna consumit exercitum, et ferro saevior fames est. In omni expeditione unum et maximum consilium est, ut tibi sufficiat victus, hostes frangat inopia. Ante igitur quam inchoetur bellum, de copiis expensisque solers debet esse tractatus, ut pabula frumentum, caeterasque annonarias species, quas a Provincialibus consuetudo deposcit, maturius exigantur, et in opportunis ad rem gerendam, ac munitissimis locis amplior semper modus, quam proficit, aggregetur." Et cap. XXVI: "Qui frumentum necessariumque commeatum non praeparat, vincitur sine ferro."
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5. SACERDOS ETIAM ELIACHIM — Graece Joachim, uti et a Nostro vocatur cap. XV, vers. 9. Idem enim haec duo nomina significant, scilicet Dei stator aut statorius, qui scilicet stare fecit acies Judaeorum contra Holofernem. Deus enim ita dicitur אל El, quam יו Io, quod est abbreviatum Jehova. Hinc patet tempore Xerxis haec contigisse. Tunc enim Pontifex fuit Joachim, ut dixi in prooemio, qui deficiente rege, rempublicam administrabat: nam, ut ait Josephus, lib. II Contra Apion.: "Judaicae reipublicae constitutio communiter sacerdotibus, ut maxima quaeque administrent, committit. Omnium vero Pontifici, aliorum rursum sacerdotum principatum demandat." Breviter vero: "Sacerdotes, inquit, sunt inspectores omnium, judices eorum quae ambigua, vindices eorum quae damnata." Circuivit omnem Israel, ut omnes ad constantiam, confidentiam et perseverantiam in orationibus et jejuniis hortaretur, promittens eis, si id facerent, victoriam. "Praecepta Christi, ait S. Ambrosius, serm. 86, arma sunt Christianis, et divinus timor terrorem a nobis expellit hostilem. Arma autem haec nostra sunt, quibus nos Salvator instruxit, oratio, misericordia atque jejunium. Jejunium enim melius quam murus tuetur; misericordia facilius liberat quam rapina; oratio longius vulnerat quam sagitta. Sagitta enim non nisi proxime conspectum percutit adversarium; oratio autem longius positum vulnerat inimicum." Graeca fusius hic habent: Joachim summus Pontifex, atque omnes qui coram Domino stabant Sacerdotes, caeteri qui Domino ministrabant, saccis lumbos suos accincti offerebant juge illud holocaustum et vota; et voluntaria populi donaria, pulvisque super eorum cidares, seu mitras erat, et clamabant ad Dominum ex tota virtute sua, in bonum; sive ut ad benefaciendum et subveniendum visitaret omnem domum Israel. Pontificem hunc imitentur Episcopi et Principes, populos sibi commissos circumeant, visitent, animent, instruant, corrigant.
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8. ET CLAMAVIT OMNIS POPULUS AD DOMINUM INSTANTIA MAGNA. — Nota hic usum, modum et vim publicae orationis et poenitentiae in publica calamitate, Christianis imitandum, ut simili modo calamitates suas avertant. Nimirum primo, clamavit omnis populus instantia magna; secundo, humiliaverunt animas suas in jejuniis et orationibus; tertio, induerunt se ciliciis; quarto, prostraverunt infantes coram Domino et templo; quinto, altare operuerunt cilicio, ut publico quasi religionis, justitiae, templique et altaris luctu Deum ad miserandum et succurrendum provocarent; ut quasi manu facta, vique illata, ut ait Tertullianus in Apol. cogerent. Idem fecerunt Ninivitae, Jonae II, et Machabaei, I Mach. III, 47, ideoque omnes a Deo exaudiri et liberari meruerunt. Graeca uberius habent: Populus erat jejunans (et jejunando orans) complures dies in omni Judaea et Jerusalem ante faciem Sanctorum, puta Sancti et Sancti sanctorum, hoc est templum. Qui enim erant in Jerusalem oraturi, adibant templum; qui vero foris erant, faciem vertebant versus templum.
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11. TUNC ELIACHIM SACERDOS DOMINI MAGNUS CIRCUIVIT OMNEM ISRAEL, — ut omnes ad constantiam,
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13. MEMORES ESTOTE MOYSI SERVI DOMINI, QUI AMALEC, etc. — Vide historiam Exodi XVII, ubi eam explicui. Nota: Eliachim aeque ac Moyses duo hic ad bellum praecipit, primum ut Deum invocent, ab eoque victoriam postulent et exspectent, secundum ut urbes suas muniant, transitus occupent, omniaque humana praesidia ad resistendum conquirant. Deus enim non adjuvat desides, sed laborantes et pugnantes. Vidit hoc gentilis Cato apud Sallustium in bello Catil. dicens: "Non votis, neque suppliciis muliebribus auxilia deorum parantur; vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo, prospere omnia cedunt;" nimirum: Altitonans adjuvat non tonantem, sed conantem.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.