**TRENDELENBURG, FRIEDRICH ADOLF** – Spiritualist philosopher, born at Lutin on 30 November 1802, died in Berlin on 24 January 1872.
Dissatisfied with modern thought, he turned to the study of classical thought, particularly that of Plato and Aristotle, from whom he drew the fundamental lines of his organic conception of the world, inspired by a constructive finalism of the real, both in nature and in history. Fundamental are his studies on the history of classical (especially Aristotle) and modern (Leibniz, Spinoza) thought, and in particular noteworthy is the objection he raised against Hegelian dialectic, which made an epoch: Hegel asserts that dialectic must proceed from pure thought without empirical presuppositions (*reines, voraussetzungsloses Denken*), but in reality he introduces at every point images and concepts drawn from experience, such as those of movement, “development,” internal and external, “whole and parts,” etc. (*Logische Untersuchungen*, 2nd ed., III, Leipzig 1862, p. 36 ff.). It was this difficulty that first nourished Kierkegaard’s critique of idealism and then, through K. Fischer (*System der Logik u. Metaphysik oder Wissenschaftslehre*, 3rd ed., Heidelberg 1909, p. 199 ff.), stimulated Spaventa and Gentile to the “reform” of Hegelian dialectic. T. also contributed in large part to the revival of Aristotelian studies in Germany and of the doctrine of “intentionality” by F. Brentano and speculative phenomenology (1917); a disciple of T. was
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**TREIA** – The Madonna del Soccorso, a 15th-century wooden sculpture. Accademia Georgica dei Sollevati.
In 1440, Treia was elevated to the status of a city by Pope Eugene IV, with its own Curia, seminary, and all the rights, honors, and prerogatives of episcopal cities. Its territory was separated from that of Camerino, and the archbishop of Camerino was given perpetual administration of Treia, with the obligation to reside there for several months each year, to appoint a vicar general, and to sign all acts with the combined title of Archbishop of Camerino and Perpetual Administrator of Treia. However, given the distance between Camerino and Treia, Pope Benedict XV, with the apostolic constitution *Boni Pastoris* of 20 February 1920, perpetually united the diocese of Treia with that of San Severino, whose bishop became the perpetual administrator of Treia.
Treia was the birthplace of the Blessed Peter of Treia, a renowned preacher and promoter of peace in the Marches, which were torn by internal strife; he died in Girolo (Ancona), where his tomb is venerated. Cardinal Nicola Grimaldi (1768–1845), governor of Rome during the pontificate of Gregory XVI, who created him cardinal, was also from Treia; he was a benefactor of the city, to which he sent the two marble statues of the Apostles Peter and Paul, originally from the tomb of Emperor Otto II.
Notable in Treia are the Cathedral, dedicated to the Annunciation, and in the surrounding area the sanctuary of the Crucifix and the small sanctuary of the Madonna del Ponte in the hamlet of Passo di Treia. Treia was also known for the literary Accademia dei Sollevati (15th–16th centuries), which was revived in 1776 under the name Società Georgica dei Sollevati for agricultural studies and experiments; it is housed in a palace designed by Valadier.
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