Philosophy
Filosofia · 283 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsPhilosophers (Filosofi)
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Acri, Francesco
ACRI, FRANCESCO. - Philosopher, b. in Catanzaro on 19 March 1834, d. in Bologna on 21 Nov. 1913. He is commonly recognized as the most… -
Alexander of Aphrodisias (ALESSANDRO D'AFRODISIA)
ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS. - Peripatetic philosopher from Caria and celebrated commentator on Aristotle. He lived at the end of the 2nd… -
Allievo, Giuseppe
ALLIEVO, GIUSEPPE. - Philosopher and educationist, b. at S. Germano, a village in the Vercelli area, on 14 Sept. 1830, d. at Turin on 24… -
Ammonius Sacca (AMMONIO SACCA)
AMMONIUS SACCA. - Philosopher who lived in Alexandria between 175 and 242 A.D.: he is the founder of Neoplatonism. As a young man he earned… -
Anaxagoras (ANASSAGORA)
ANAXAGORAS. - Greek philosopher, b. at Clazomenae ca. 499 B.C. He lived in Athens for 30 years and enjoyed the friendship of Pericles. In… -
Andronico of Rhodes (ANDRONICO DI RODI)
ANDRONICO OF RHODES. - Peripatetic philosopher of the 1st century B.C., tenth head of the Lyceum. His name is linked to the edition of… -
Ardigò, Roberto
ARDIGÒ, ROBERTO. - Philosopher, b. at Casteldidone (Cremona) in 1828 to a modest family, d., by suicide, at Mantua in 1920. He completed,… -
Avenarius, Richard
AVENARIUS, RICHARD. - Philosopher and physicist, b. in Paris in 1845, d. in Zurich in 1896. He taught philosophy at the University of… -
Avicebron
AVICEBRON. - Jewish poet and philosopher of the 11th century. It is barely a century ago (1846) that, thanks to S. Munk, it became possible… -
Bacon, Francis (BACONE, FRANCESCO)
BACON, FRANCIS. - Philosopher and statesman, b. 22 Jan. 1561 near London, son of Nicholas, keeper of the great seal to Queen Elizabeth and… -
Baeumker, Clemens
BAEUMKER, CLEMENS. - Philosopher and historian of ancient, patristic and medieval philosophy, b. in Paderborn on 16 Sept. 1853, d. in… -
Baillie, James
BAILLIE, JAMES. - English philosopher, b. Oct. 24, 1872, d. at Weybridge on June 9, 1940. From 1902 to 1924 he was professor of moral… -
Bain, Alexander
BAIN, ALEXANDER. - Scottish philosopher and educationist, b. at Aberdeen in 1818, d. there in 1903. He taught at the Universities of… -
Baldinotti, Cesare
BALDINOTTI, CESARE. - Philosopher, of the Benedictine Olivetan Order, b. in Florence on 12 July 1747, d. in Padua on 23 Dec. 1821. He was… -
Balmes, Jaime
BALMES, JAIME. - Philosopher, apologist, sociologist and politician, b. at Vich, in Catalonia, on 28 Aug. 1810, and d. there on 9 July… -
Barberis, Alberto
BARBERIS, ALBERTO. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher, of the Congregation of the Mission, b. in Monferrato on 14 Jan. 1847, d. in Piacenza at… -
Barbo, Paolo
BARBO, PAOLO. - Philosopher and theologian, b. at Soncino (Crema) and therefore also called Soncinas. Having entered the Dominicans while… -
Bardili, Christoph Gottfried
BARDILI, CHRISTOPH GOTTFRIED. - German philosopher, b. at Blaubeuren in Württemberg on 18 May 1761, d. at Mergelstetten on 5 June 1808. He… -
Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, Jules (BARTHELEMY-SAINT-HILAIRE, JULES)
BARTHÉLEMY-SAINT-HILAIRE, JULES. - Philosopher and politician, b. in Paris on 19 Aug. 1805, d. there on 24 Nov. 1895. He was a conformist… -
Barzellotti, Giacomo
BARZELLOTTI, GIACOMO. - Philosopher, b. in Florence in 1844, d. in Rome in 1917. He taught at Pisa and at Rome. A pupil of Mamiani, in part… -
Bayle, Pierre
BAYLE, PIERRE. - Protestant philosopher and man of letters, b. at Carla (Ariège) on 18 Nov. 1647, d. at Rotterdam on 28 Dec. 1706. In 1669… -
Becher, Erich
BECHER, ERICH. - German philosopher, b. in Reinshagen (Remscheid) on Sept. 1, 1882, d. Jan. 5, 1929 in Munich, where he had been a… -
Beneke, Friedrich Eduard
BENEKE, FRIEDRICH EDUARD. - Philosopher, b. in Berlin on 17 February 1798, d. there on 1 March 1854. B.'s work, spiritually connected with… -
Bentham, Jeremy
BENTHAM, JEREMY. - Philosopher and jurist, b. in London on 15 Feb. 1748, d. there on 6 June 1832. He was of a very precocious intellect, so… -
Bergson, Henri
BERGSON, HENRI. - Philosopher, b. in Paris on 18 Oct. 1859 to a Jewish family of Irish origin, d. there on 4 Jan. 1941. A pupil of… -
Biester, Johann Erich
BIESTER, JOHANN ERICH. - Philosopher, b. in Lübeck on 17 Nov. 1749, d. in Berlin on 20 Febr. 1816. He belonged to the circle of Mendelssohn… -
Blondel, Maurice
BLONDEL, MAURICE. - Philosopher, b. at Dijon on 2 Nov. 1861, d. at Aix-en-Provence on 5 June 1949. From 1897 professor of Philosophy at the… -
Bonatelli, Francesco
BONATELLI, FRANCESCO. - Spiritualist philosopher, b. at Iseo on 25 April 1830, d. on 13 May 1911 at Padua, where he taught at the… -
Bonnetty, Augustin
BONNETTY, AUGUSTIN. - French philosopher and historian, b. at Entrevaux on 9 April 1798, d. at Paris on 29 March 1879. In 1830 he founded… -
Borrelli, Pasquale
BORRELLI, PASQUALE. - Philosopher, b. at Tornareccio (Chieti) on 8 June 1782, d. at Naples in 1849. He had a very eventful and adventurous… -
Bosanquet, Bernard
BOSANQUET, BERNARD. - Philosopher, b. in Northumberland on 14 June 1848, d. on 8 Feb. 1923 in London, where he lived continuously from 1881… -
Boström, Christopher Jacob
BOSTRÖM, CHRISTOPHER JACOB. - Swedish philosopher, b. at Piteå in 1797, d. at Uppsala, where he was a professor, in 1866. Though following… -
Boutroux, Étienne-Émile-Marie (BOUTROUX, ETIENNE-EMILE-MARIE)
BOUTROUX, ÉTIENNE-ÉMILE-MARIE. - French philosopher, b. at Montrouge (Seine) on 28 July 1845 and d. at Paris on 23 Nov. 1921. After… -
Bovio, Giovanni
BOVIO, GIOVANNI. - Thinker and politician, b. at Trani in 1837, d. at Naples on 15 April 1903. In his time he was one of the most prominent… -
Bradley, Francis Herbert
BRADLEY, FRANCIS HERBERT. - English philosopher, b. at Glasbury (Wales) on 30 Jan. 1846 and d. at Oxford on 18 Sept. 1924. He is the last… -
Brentano, Franz
BRENTANO, FRANZ. - Philosopher, b. at Marienberg near Boppard on the Rhine on 16 January 1838 into a Catholic family of Italian origin, d.… -
Bruno, Giordano
BRUNO, GIORDANO. - Philosopher and man of letters, in the world FILIPPO, b. at Nola (Naples) in 1548, d. at Rome in 1600. Having completed… -
Büchner, Ludwig
BÜCHNER, LUDWIG. - German philosopher, b. in Darmstadt on 29 March 1824, d. there on 1 May 1899. A physician, he came under the influence… -
Buzzetti, Vincenzo
BUZZETTI, VINCENZO. - First and principal promoter, at the beginning of the last century, of the revival of Thomistic philosophy in Italy.… -
Caird, Edward
CAIRD, EDWARD. - English philosopher, b. at Greenock (Scotland) on 22 March 1835, d. at Oxford on 1 Nov. 1908. He held the chair of moral… -
Campailla, Tommaso
CAMPAILLA, TOMMASO. - Naturalist and philosopher, b. at Modica (Ragusa) in 1668, d. there in 1740. > (by courtesy of Dr. D. Degenhart) >… -
Campanella, Tommaso
CAMPANELLA, TOMMASO. - Life and works. - Giovanni Domenico C. was born at Stilo, in Calabria, on 5 September 1568; he entered the Dominican… -
Canella, Giulio
CANELLA, GIULIO. - Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. in Padua on 5 Dec. 1881, missing in action in Macedonia on 25 Nov. 1916. He studied in… -
Cantoni, Carlo
CANTONI, CARLO. - Philosopher, b. at Groppello Cairoli (Pavia) on 12 April 1840, d. at Pavia on 11 September 1906. He studied at Turin and… -
Carabellese, Pantaleo
CARABELLESE, PANTALEO. - Philosopher, b. at Molfetta (Bari) on 6 July 1877, d. at Genoa on 19 Sept. 1948. First a professor at the… -
Caro, Edmé-Marie (CARO, EDME-MARIE)
CARO, EDMÉ-MARIE. - Philosopher, b. at Poitiers on 4 March 1826, d. at Paris on 13 July 1887. A brilliant mind and a forceful polemicist,… -
Cesalpino, Andrea
CESALPINO, ANDREA. - Philosopher and naturalist, b. at Arezzo in 1519, d. at Rome on 23 February 1603. He taught medicine at the University… -
Chiapelli, Alessandro (CHIAPPELLI, ALESSANDRO)
CHIAPELLI, ALESSANDRO. - Philosopher, b. at Pistoia on 20 Nov. 1857, professor at Naples from 1887 to 1908, d. there in 1931. A… -
Chinazzi, Giuseppe
CHINAZZI, GIUSEPPE. - Philosopher and politician, b. at Oviglio in 1839, d. at Genoa in 1897. He was first an officer in the Piedmontese… -
Cohen, Hermann
COHEN, HERMANN. - German philosopher, b. at Goswig on July 4, 1842, d. at Berlin on Apr. 4, 1918. He taught from 1879 to 1912 at the… -
Coimbra, Leonardo
COIMBRA, LEONARDO. - Portuguese philosopher and politician, b. in the district of Felgueiras on 30 Dec. 1883, d. in an automobile accident… -
Colecchi, Ottavio
COLECCHI, OTTAVIO. - Philosopher, b. at Pescocostanzo (Aquila) on 18 Oct. 1773, d. at Naples on 25 Aug. 1847. Ordained a priest in the… -
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (CONDILLAC, ETIENNE BONNOT DE)
CONDILLAC, ÉTIENNE BONNOT DE. - Philosopher and educationist, b. at Grenoble on 30 Sept. 1715, d. at Flux in the Orléanais in 1780. He was… -
Conti, Augusto
CONTI, AUGUSTO. - Man of letters, historian, philosopher and politician, b. at S. Pietro alle Fonti, near S. Miniato al Tedesco, on 6 Dec.… -
Cornoldi, Giovanni
CORNOLDI, GIOVANNI. - Jesuit, one of the principal restorers of Thomism in Italy, b. in Venice on 29 Sept. 1822, d. in Rome on 18 Jan.… -
Cousin, Victor
COUSIN, VICTOR. - Philosopher, b. in Paris on 28 Nov. 1792, d. at Cannes on 14 Jan. 1867. He taught at the École Normale from 1814 to 1820,… -
Cowton (de Couton), Robert
COWTON (de COUTON), ROBERT. - English philosopher, Franciscan. The life and doctrine of C. are too little known for one to have an exact… -
Cremonini, Cesare
CREMONINI, CESARE. - Philosopher, b. at Cento in 1550 or 1552, d. in 1631. After having taught at Ferrara, he was a colleague of Galileo at… -
Crusius, Christian August
CRUSIUS, CHRISTIAN AUGUST. - Protestant philosopher and theologian, b. at Lenau (Saxony) on 10 Jan. 1715, d. there on 18 Oct. 1775. In… -
Czolbe, Heinrich
CZOLBE, HEINRICH. - German philosopher, b. in Königsberg on 30 Dec. 1819, d. there on 19 Feb. 1873. He belongs to the school of materialist… -
D'Acquisto, Benedetto
D'ACQUISTO, BENEDETTO. - Philosopher, b. at Monreale in 1790, d. there on 7 Aug. 1867. A Franciscan, he passed through all the ranks of his… -
David the Armenian (DAVIDE ARMENO)
DAVID THE ARMENIAN. - Christian Neoplatonic philosopher, b. in Armenia (province of Hark), unknown, or almost so, in the West until the… -
Delbos, Esteban-Marie-Victor (DELBOS, ESTÉBAN-MARIE-VICTOR)
DELBOS, ESTEBAN-MARIE-VICTOR. - Philosopher, b. at Figeac (Lot) on 26 Sept. 1862, d. at Paris on 16 June 1916. Professor from 1886 in… -
De Mandato, Pio
DE MANDATO, PIO. - Jesuit, b. in Naples on 11 Dec. 1850, d. in Rome on 11 Apr. 1914. He devoted a great part of his activity to the… -
De Maria, Michele
DE MARIA, MICHELE. - Jesuit, b. at Cervinara (Avellino) on 8 February 1836, d. at Rome on 16 February 1913. He was professor of philosophy… -
Democritus (DEMOCRITO)
DEMOCRITUS. - Greek philosopher, b. at Abdera (Thrace) ca. 460 B.C., d. there at the age of 109. He traveled within the Greek world and,… -
De Ruggiero, Guido
DE RUGGIERO, GUIDO. - Historian of philosophy and publicist, b. in Naples on March 23, 1888, d. in Rome on Dec. 29, 1948. Professor of the… -
De Sarlo, Francesco
DE SARLO, FRANCESCO. - Philosopher, b. at S. Chirico Raparo (Potenza) on 15 Feb. 1854, d. at Florence on 14 Jan. 1937. He began as a… -
Destutt de Tracy, Antoine-Louis-Claude
DESTUTT de TRACY, ANTOINE-LOUIS-CLAUDE. - Politician and philosopher, b. in Paris on 10 June 1754, d. there on 10 March 1836. He adhered to… -
Deutinger, Martin
DEUTINGER, MARTIN. - Philosopher, b. at Langenpreising (Upper Bavaria) on 24 March 1815, d. at Pfäfers (Switzerland) on 9 September 1864.… -
De Wulf, Maurice
DE WULF, MAURICE. - Distinguished historian of medieval philosophy, b. at Poperinge in Belgium on 6 April 1867 and d. there on 23 December… -
Diderot, Denis
DIDEROT, DENIS. - Philosopher, b. at Langres (Champagne) on 5 Oct. 1713, d. at Paris on 30 July 1784. Destined by his father for the… -
Di Giovanni, Vincenzo
DI GIOVANNI, VINCENZO. - Historian and philosopher, priest, b. at Salapante (Trapani) in 1832, d. there in 1903. He was professor of… -
Dilthey, Wilhelm
DILTHEY, WILHELM. - German philosopher, b. 19 Nov. 1833 at Biebrich, d. 10 Oct. 1911 at Siusi (Bolzano). He was professor at Basel, Kiel,… -
Dühring, Karl Eugen (DUHRING, KARL EUGEN)
DÜHRING, KARL EUGEN. - Philosopher, b. in Berlin in 1833, d. in Nowawes in 1921. From 1863 to 1877 he was a Privatdozent in Berlin. A… -
Duns Scotus, Giovanni (DUNS SCOTO, GIOVANNI)
DUNS SCOTUS, GIOVANNI. - Franciscan philosopher and theologian. SUMMARY: I. Life. - II. Works. - III. Character. - IV. Philosophy. - V.… -
Eisler, Rudolf
EISLER, RUDOLF. - Philosopher, b. in Vienna on 7 Jan. 1873, d. there on 14 Dec. 1926. He completed his studies in Leipzig, where he carried… -
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
EMERSON, RALPH WALDO. - American thinker and writer, b. in Boston on May 25, 1803 to a Puritan family, d. at Concord on Apr. 25, 1882. He… -
Empedocles of Agrigento (EMPEDOCLE DI AGRIGENTO)
EMPEDOCLE of AGRIGENTO - E. [depicted] by Luca Signorelli in the chapel of B. Bozio in the cathedral of Orvieto (1502-1504). between the… -
Endres, Joseph Anton
ENDRES, JOSEPH ANTON. - Philosopher, b. at Untermeltingen (Germany) on 12 May 1863, d. at Bidingen on 19 Jan. 1924. A disciple of G. von… -
Epicurus (EPICURO)
EPICURUS. - I. LIFE. - Greek philosopher, founder of the school that took its name from him, b. of Athenian parents, on the 10th of… -
Erdmann, Benno
ERDMANN, BENNO. - Philosopher, b. at Glogau (Silesia) on 30 May 1851, d. at Berlin on 7 Jan. 1921. He studied philosophy and science at… -
Eucken, Rudolf
EUCKEN, RUDOLF. - Philosopher, b. at Aurich on 5 Jan. 1846, d. at Jena on 6 Sept. 1926. He was professor of philosophy at Basel in 1871-74,… -
Fardella, Michelangelo
FARDELLA, MICHELANGELO. - Philosopher, b. at Trapani in 1650, d. at Naples on 8 Jan. 1718. He was in Messina in contact with G. A. Borelli,… -
Farges, Albert
FARGES, ALBERT. - Neo-Scholastic Sulpician philosopher, b. in 1848 at Beaulieu, d. on 9 June 1926. He taught in the Seminaries of Bruges… -
Fechner, Gustav Theodor
FECHNER, GUSTAV THEODOR. - German philosopher, b. at Gross-Särchen (Lower Lusatia) on 19 Apr. 1801, d. after a long university career at… -
Feldmann, Joseph
FELDMANN, JOSEPH. - German philosopher, priest, b. at Olpe (Meschede) on 23 Feb. 1878, d. at Paderborn on 29 July 1927. He earned his… -
Ferguson, Adam
FERGUSON, ADAM. - Scottish moralist, sociologist and historian, b. at Logiereit in 1724, from 1764 > FERENTINO, DIOCESE of - Panorama of F.… -
Ferrari, Giuseppe
FERRARI, GIUSEPPE. - Philosopher and politician, b. in Milan on 7 March 1811, d. in Rome on 1 July 1876. A disciple of Romagnosi, in 1838… -
Ferri, Luigi
FERRI, LUIGI. - Philosopher, b. in Bologna on 15 June 1826, d. in Rome on 19 March 1895. He completed his early studies in his native city,… -
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas
FEUERBACH, LUDWIG ANDREAS. - German philosopher, b. at Landshut on 28 July 1804, son of the celebrated jurist Anselm, d. at Rechenberg… -
Fichte, Immanuel Hermann
FICHTE, IMMANUEL HERMANN. - Thinker, b. in Jena on 18 July 1796, d. in Stuttgart on 8 Aug. 1879, son of Johann Gottlieb (v.), whose works… -
Fiorentino, Francesco
FIORENTINO, FRANCESCO. - Philosopher, b. at Sambiase (Catanzaro) on 1 May 1834, d. at Naples on 22 Dec. 1884. He did his early studies in… -
Fischer, Engelbert Lorentz
FISCHER, ENGELBERT LORENTZ. - German philosopher, priest, b. at Aschaffenburg on 12 Oct. 1845, d. as parish priest at Würzburg on 17 Jan.… -
Fornari, Vito
FORNARI, VITO. - Philosopher and man of letters, b. at Molfetta on 10 March 1821, d. at Naples on 6 March 1900. A solitary and meditative… -
Forster, Frobenius
FORSTER, FROBENIUS. - Benedictine, born at Königfeld on 30 August 1709, died at Regensburg on 11 October 1791. He entered the monastery of… -
Fortunato, Ferrari da Brescia
FORTUNATO, FERRARI DA BRESCIA. - Franciscan philosopher and mathematician, b. at Brescia on 1 December 1701, d. at Madrid on 11 May 1734.… -
Fouillée, Alfred
FOUILLÉE, ALFRED. - Philosopher, b. at La Poueze (Maine-et-Loire) in 1838, d. at Lyon in 1912. After the publication of the Philosophie de… -
Fries, Jakob Friedrich (FRIES, JACOB FRIEDRICH)
FRIES, JAKOB FRIEDRICH. - Philosopher, b. at Barby (Saxony) on 23 Aug. 1773, d. at Jena on 10 Aug. 1843. He was educated in the schools of… -
Fröhsammer, Jakob (FROHSCHAMMER, JACOB)
FRÖHSAMMER, JAKOB. - Philosopher b. 6 Jan. 1821 at Illkoven (Ratisbon), d. 14 Apr. 1893 at Bad Kreut. Ordained priest in 1847, he taught,… -
Galluppi, Pasquale
GALLUPPI, PASQUALE - Philosophy, born at Tropea, in Calabria, to Baron Vincenzo on 2 April 1770, died at Naples on 13 December 1846. He… -
Gassendi, Pierre
GASSENDI, PIERRE. - French philosopher, b. 22 Jan. 1592 at Champtercier (Digne), d. in Paris on 24 Oct. 1655. A canon and preacher, he… -
Genovesi, Antonio
GENOVESI, ANTONIO. - Philosopher and economist, b. at Castiglione (Salerno) on 1 Nov. 1712, d. at Naples on 23 Sept. 1769. Having entered… -
Gentile, Giovanni
GENTILE, GIOVANNI. - Philosopher, educationist and politician, b. at Castelvetrano (Trapani) on 30 May 1875, d. assassinated at Florence on… -
Gerard of Cremona (GERARDO DA CREMONA)
GERARD OF CREMONA. - Medieval translator, b. at Cremona in 1114, d. in 1187. He translated scientific and philosophical works from Arabic… -
Gerdil, Hyacinthe-Sigismond
GERDIL, HYACINTHE-SIGISMOND. - Cardinal, philosopher, educationalist and theologian, b. at Samoëns (Savoy) on 23 June 1718, d. in Rome on… -
Geyser, Joseph
GEYSER, JOSEPH. - German Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. 16 March 1869 at Erkelenz (Rhineland), d. 11 April 1948 at Siegsdorf. He obtained… -
Giles of Lessines (EGIDIO DI LESSINES)
GILES OF LESSINES. - Dominican master and one of the first supporters of St. Thomas, b. at Lessines (Belgium) around 1230; d. around 1304.… -
Gioia, Melchiorre
GIOIA, MELCHIORRE. - Politician and writer, b. at Piacenza on 20 Sept. 1767, d. at Milan on 2 Jan. 1829. In 1784 he entered the Collegio… -
Goffredo of Fontaines (GOFFREDO DI FONTAINES)
GOFFREDO OF FONTAINES. - Secular master of the University of Paris from 1283 to 1296, d. after 1303. He is the author of fifteen Quodlibeta… -
Gratry, Alphonse
GRATRY, ALPHONSE. - Philosopher, b. at Lille on 30 March 1805, d. at Montreux on 7 Feb. 1872. After completing his secondary studies he… -
Gredt, Joseph August
GREDT, JOSEPH AUGUST. - Benedictine philosopher, b. in Luxembourg on 30 July 1863, d. in Rome on 29 Jan. 1940. Already a priest, he was a… -
Green, Thomas Hill
GREEN, THOMAS HILL. - English philosopher, b. at Birkin (Yorkshire) on 7 Apr. 1836, d. at Oxford on 26 March 1882. From 1878 until his… -
Gualtiero of Bruges (GUALTIERO DI BRUGES)
GUALTIERO OF BRUGES. - Franciscan, b. in 1225, d. in 1307. He was provincial of France and bishop of Poitiers (1279-1306). He taught in… -
Guastella, Cosmo
GUASTELLA, COSMO. - Philosopher, b. at Misilmeri (Palermo) on 28 Jan. 1854, d. at Palermo on 11 Sept. 1922. He devoted himself to… -
Guido Terreni
GUIDO TERRENI. - Theologian and canonist, b. at Perpignan at the end of the 13th century (1260?), d. at Avignon on 21 Aug. 1342. He held… -
Gutberlet, Konstantin
GUTBERLET, KONSTANTIN. - Theologian and philosopher, b. at Geismar on 10 Jan. 1837, d. at Fulda on 27 Apr. 1928. He completed his studies… -
Hamann, Johann Georg
HAMANN, JOHANN GEORG. - Philosopher, b. at Königsberg on 27 Aug. 1730, d. at Münster on 21 June 1788. After a disorderly youthful life, the… -
Hamelin, Octave
HAMELIN, OCTAVE. - Philosopher, b. at Lion d'Angers (Maine-et-Loire), on 22 July 1856, d. at Hucker (Landes) on 8 Sept. 1907 in a generous… -
Hamilton, William
HAMILTON, WILLIAM. - Philosopher, b. in Glasgow on 8 March 1788, d. in Edinburgh on 6 May 1856. After studying in his native city and at… -
Hartley, David
HARTLEY, DAVID. - Philosopher, b. at Armley (Yorkshire) on 30 Aug. 1705, d. at Bath on 28 Aug. 1757. A notable exponent of the materialist… -
Hartmann, Eduard von
HARTMANN, EDUARD von. - Philosopher, b. in Berlin on 23 Feb. 1842, d. on 5 June 1906 in the suburb of Gross-Lichterfelde, where he lived in… -
Hegel, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm
HEGEL, GEORG FRIEDRICH WILHELM. - He is the principal representative of modern idealism: b. in Stuttgart on 24 Aug. 1770, d. in Berlin on… -
Heraclitus of Ephesus (ERACLITO DI EFESO)
HERACLITUS OF EPHESUS. - Greek philosopher who lived approximately between 540 and 475 B.C. Of noble lineage, he displayed throughout his… -
Hertling, Georg Friedrich von
HERTLING, Georg Friedrich von. - Philosopher and politician, b. 31 Aug. 1843 in Darmstadt, d. 4 Jan. 1919 in Ruhpolding (western Bavaria).… -
Hobbes, Thomas
HOBBES, THOMAS. - Philosopher, b. at Malmesbury on 5 Apr. 1588, d. at Hardwicke on 4 Dec. 1679. He studied at Oxford; then, still young, he… -
Holbach, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron of (HOLBACH, PAUL HEINRICH DIETRICH, BARONE DI)
HOLBACH, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Baron of. - Philosopher, b. at Heidelsheim (Palatinate) in 1723, d. at Paris, where he had settled since… -
Holkot, Roberto
HOLKOT, ROBERTO. - Dominican philosopher and theologian, born probably at Northampton on an unknown date, d. 1349. He taught as doctor… -
Huber, Johann Nepomuk (HUBER, JOHANN NĚPOMUK)
HUBER, JOHANN NEPOMUK. - Catholic theologian and philosopher, b. in Munich on 18 Aug. 1830, d. there on 20 March 1879. From 1859 he was… -
Hügel, Friedrich von
HÜGEL, FRIEDRICH von. - Religious writer, b. in Florence on 5 May 1852 to an Austrian father and a Scottish mother, d. in London on 27 Jan.… -
Hume, David
HUME, DAVID. - Philosopher, b. 26 Apr. 1711 at Ninewells (southern Scotland), d. at Edinburgh 25 Aug. 1776. He studied at the University of… -
Hurtado, Pedro de Mendoza
HURTADO, PEDRO de MENDOZA. - Theologian and philosopher of the Society of Jesus, b. in 1578 at Valmaseda, d. on 16 Nov. 1615 at Madrid. He… -
Husserl, Edmund
HUSSERL, EDMUND. - Philosopher and psychologist, b. at Prossnitz (Moravia), 8 April 1859, d. at Freiburg im Breisgau, 26 April 1938. He… -
Hutcheson, Francis
HUTCHESON, FRANCIS. - English philosopher, b. at Drumalig (Ireland) on 8 Aug. 1694, d. at Glasgow in 1747. From 1729 he was professor of… -
Huxley, Thomas Henry
HUXLEY, THOMAS HENRY. - Naturalist and philosopher, b. 4 May 1825 at Ealing, d. 29 June 1895 at Eastbourne. He did not have a regular… -
Isaac ben Solomon Israeli (ISACCO BEN SALOMON ISRAELI)
ISAAC BEN SOLOMON ISRAELI. - Jewish philosopher, b. in Egypt ca. 865, d. at Tunis ca. 955. He practiced medicine at the court of the… -
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich
JACOBI, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH. - Philosopher, b. in Düsseldorf on 25 January 1743, d. in Munich on 10 March 1819. He cultivated literary and… -
James, William
JAMES, WILLIAM. - Philosopher, psychologist and educationist, b. in New York on 11 Jan. 1842, d. at Chocorua (New Hampshire) on 26 Aug.… -
Janet, Paul-Alexandre-René
JANET, PAUL-ALEXANDRE-RENÉ. - Philosopher, b. in Paris on 30 Apr. 1823, d. there on 4 Oct. 1899. He was first a student at the École… -
Jodl, Friedrich
JODL, FRIEDRICH. - Positivist philosopher, b. 23 Aug. 1849 in Munich, d. 26 Jan. 1914 in Vienna. He taught in Prague and Vienna. He… -
Joseph the Philosopher (GIUSEPPE IL FILOSOFO)
JOSEPH THE PHILOSOPHER. - Byzantine monk, b. at Ithaca ca. 1280, d. at Thessalonica ca. 1330. He studied Greek philosophy in that city.… -
Jouffroy, Théodore
JOUFFROY, THÉODORE. - French philosopher, b. at Pontets (Doubs) on 7 July 1796, d. at Paris on 1 March 1842. He first studied under the… -
Kant, Immanuel
KANT, IMMANUEL. - Philosopher, b. at Königsberg, capital of East Prussia, on 22 April 1724, d. there on 12 February 1804. He is unanimously… -
Kilwardby, Robert
KILWARDBY, ROBERT. - English Dominican, b. in the county of Leicester ca. 1200, d. at Viterbo on 11 Sept. 1279. He entered the Order… -
Klimke, Friedrich
KLIMKE, FRIEDRICH. - Jesuit, philosopher, b. June 18, 1878 at Golinov, in Upper Silesia, d. in Rome on Jan. 9, 1924. He taught history of… -
Külpe, Oswald
KÜLPE, OSWALD. - Psychologist and philosopher, b. at Candau on 3 Aug. 1862, d. at Munich on 30 Dec. 1915. After having been an assistant to… -
Labanca, Baldassarre
LABANCA, BALDASSARRE. - Philosopher and historian of religions, b. at Avignon on 17 Aug. 1829, d. at Rome on 23 Jan. 1913. He first taught… -
Laberthonnière, Lucien
LABERTHONNIÈRE, LUCIEN. - Oratorian, writer on the philosophy of religion, b. at Chazalet (Indre) on 5 Oct. 1860, d. in Paris on 6 Oct.… -
Lachelier, Jules
LACHELIER, JULES. - Philosopher, b. 27 May 1832 at Fontainebleau, d. there 18 Jan. 1918. Professor at the Lycée of Caen (1864), he… -
La Forge, Louis de
LA FORGE, LOUIS de. - Physician and philosopher, b. in Paris at the beginning of the seventeenth century. He practiced medicine at Saumur.… -
Lambert of Saint-Bertin (LAMBERTO DI SAINT-BERTIN)
LAMBERT OF SAINT-BERTIN. - Benedictine, b. around 1061, d. June 22, 1125 at St-Bertin. He entered (1070-72) the monastery of St-Bertin,… -
La Mettrie, Julien-Offroy de
LA METTRIE, JULIEN-OFFROY de. - Physician and philosopher, b. at St-Malo on 25 Dec. 1709, d. at Berlin on 11 Nov. 1751. He was a military… -
Lange, Friedrich Albert
LANGE, FRIEDRICH ALBERT. - German philosopher, b. at Wald near Solingen on 29 Sept. 1828, d. at Marburg on 21 Dec. 1875. After having… -
Laromiguière, Pierre
LAROMIGUIÈRE, PIERRE. - Philosopher, b. at Livignac (Aveyron) on 3 Nov. 1756, d. at Paris on 12 Aug. 1837. He was ordained a priest in… -
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED WILHELM. - Born in Leipzig on 21 June 1646, died in Hanover on 14 Nov. 1716: philosopher, mathematician, scholar; one of… -
Lepidi, Alberto
LEPIDI, ALBERTO. - Dominican philosopher and theologian, b. at Popoli (Abruzzo) in 1838, d. at Rome (phot. Gab. fot. nas.) LEPANTO. -… -
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien (LĚVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN)
LÉVY-BRUHL, LUCIEN. - Philosopher and sociologist, b. in Paris on 10 April 1857, d. there on 13 March 1939. Professor at the Sorbonne,… -
Liberatore, Matteo
LIBERATORE, MATTEO. - Philosopher and theologian (Int. Enc. Cult.) LIBER CENSUUM ROMANAE ECCLESIAE - Beginning of the original manuscript… -
Littré, Maximilien-Paul-Émile
LITTRÉ, MAXIMILIEN-PAUL-ÉMILE. - Writer on science and philosopher, b. in Paris on 1 February 1801, d. there on 2 June 1881. He studied… -
Locke, John
LOCKE, JOHN. - Philosopher, b. 29 Aug. 1632 at Wrington (Bristol) of a Puritan family, d. 28 Oct. 1704 at Oates (Essex). He did his studies… -
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann
LOTZE, RUDOLF HERMANN. - Philosopher, b. 23 May 1817 at Bautzen, d. 1 July 1881 at Berlin. He studied medicine and philosophy at the… -
Lucretius, Titus Carus (LUCREZIO, TITO CARO)
LUCRETIUS, TITUS CARUS. - Roman poet and philosopher, b. between 99 and 95, d. between 55 and 51 B.C. About his life the information is… -
Mach, Ernst
MACH, ERNST. - German physicist and philosopher, b. at Tufany (Moravia) on 18 Feb. 1838, d. at Haar (Munich) on 19 Feb. 1916. He taught… -
Mager, Alois
MAGER, ALOIS. - Benedictine, philosopher and psychologist, b. at Zimmern near Rottweil (Swabia) on 21 Aug. 1883, d. at Salzburg on 26 Dec.… -
Maier, Heinrich
MAIER, HEINRICH. - Philosopher, b. at Heidenheim (Württemberg) on 5 Feb. 1867, d. at Berlin on 28 Nov. 1933. Having earned his doctorate in… -
Maimon, Salomon
MAIMON, SALOMON. - Philosopher, b. at Neschwitz (Lithuania) in 1754, d. at Nieder-Siegersdorf (Liegnitz, southern Silesia) on 22 Nov. 1800.… -
Maine de Biran, François-Pierre
MAINE DE BIRAN, FRANÇOIS-PIERRE. - Philosopher and politician, b. at Bergerac on 29 Nov. 1776, d. at Paris on 22 July 1824. A nobleman,… -
Mamiani, Terenzio della Rovere
MAMIANI, TERENZIO della ROVERE. - Politician and writer, b. at Pesaro on 27 Sept. 1799, d. at Rome on 21 June 1885. He took an active part… -
Mandonnet, Pierre
MANDONNET, PIERRE. - Historian of the Church and of medieval theology, b. at Beaumont (Puy-de-Dôme) on 26 Feb. 1858, d. at Saulchoir on 4… -
Mansel, Henry Longeville
MANSEL, HENRY LONGEVILLE. - English theologian and philosopher, b. at Casgrove (Northamptonshire) on 6 Oct. 1820, d. at Oxford on 31 July… -
Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), Roman Emperor (MARCO AURELIO (MARCUS AURELIUS ANTONINUS), IMPERATORE ROMANO)
MARCUS AURELIUS (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), Roman Emperor. - Emperor and philosopher, b. in Rome on 26 March 121, d. at Vindobona on 17… -
Maréchal, Joseph
MARÉCHAL, JOSEPH. - Philosopher, b. at Charleroi in Belgium on 1 July 1878, d. at Louvain on 11 Dec. 1944. He entered the Society of Jesus… -
Mariano, Raffaele
MARIANO, RAFFAELE. - Writer of philosophy and history of religions, b. at Capua on 5 Sept. 1840, d. at Florence on 1 Dec. 1912. He taught… -
Marsilius of Padua (MARSILIO DA PADOVA)
MARSILIUS OF PADUA. - Political writer, b. in Padua in 1275-80 to Bonmatteo dei Mainardini, notary of the University, d. in 1342-43 at the… -
Martinetti, Piero
MARTINETTI, PIERO. - Philosopher, b. at Pont (Aosta) on 21 Aug. 1872, d. there on 22 March 1943. He was professor of philosophy at the… -
Masci, Filippo
MASCI, FILIPPO. - Philosopher, b. at Francavilla al Mare on 29 Sept. 1844, d. at Naples on 7 Dec. 1922. He taught philosophy at the… -
Masdeu, Baltasar
MASDEU, BALTASAR. - Jesuit, Neo-Scholastic philosopher, b. in Palermo on 7 May 1741, d. in Palma de Mallorca on 31 Dec. 1820. After a… -
Matthew of Gubbio (MATTEO DA GUBBIO)
MATTHEW OF GUBBIO. - Master of logic and philosophy, of Averroistic tendency, first presumably at Perugia, then (1337-47) at Bologna. Some… -
Mattiussi, Guido
MATTIUSSI, GUIDO. - Jesuit philosopher and theologian, b. at Vergnacco (Udine) on 14 Apr. 1852, d. at Gorizia on 12 March 1925. Having… -
Mauro, Silvester (MAURO, SILVESTRO)
MAURO, SILVESTER. - Philosopher and theologian, b. at Spoleto on 31 Dec. 1619, d. at Rome on 13 Jan. 1687. Having entered the Society of… -
Mendelssohn, Moses
MENDELSSOHN, MOSES. - Philosopher, b. in Dessau on 6 Sept. 1729, d. in Berlin on 4 Jan. 1786. Already initiated, in Dessau, into the works… -
Mercier, Désiré
MERCIER, DÉSIRÉ. - Philosopher, founder of the Institute of Philosophy of the University of Louvain, cardinal and primate of Belgium, b. at… -
Michalski, Konstanty (MICHALSKY, KONSTANTY)
MICHALSKI, KONSTANTY. - Priest of the Polish Mission, distinguished scholar of medieval philosophy, b. 12 April 1879 at Mala Dabrowka… -
Mill, James
MILL, JAMES. - Historian and philosopher, b. at Northwater Bridge (southern Scotland) on 6 April 1773, d. in London on 26 June 1836. He… -
Morando, Giuseppe
MORANDO, GIUSEPPE. - Philosopher, b. in Genoa on 28 Jan. 1866, d. in Voghera on 4 May 1914. He was a lecturer at the Universities of Padua… -
Natorp, Paul
NATORP, PAUL. - Philosopher, b. in Düsseldorf on 24 Jan. 1854, d. in Marburg on 17 Aug. 1924, professor of philosophy at that University… -
Niccolò of Amiens (NICCOLÒ DI AMIENS)
NICCOLÒ OF AMIENS. - Medieval master active in the second half of the 12th century, perhaps until the beginning of the 13th century. He is… -
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm
NIETZSCHE, FRIEDRICH WILHELM. - Philologist and philosopher, b. at Röcken in Saxony on 15 Sept. 1844, d. at Weimar on 25 Aug. 1900. A… -
Nifo, Agostino
NIFO, AGOSTINO. - Philosopher, b. at Sessa (Salerno) in 1469-70 (whence he is often called simply Suessanus), d. between 1539 and 1546. He… -
Numenius of Apamea (NUMENIO DI APAMEA)
NUMENIUS OF APAMEA. - Philosopher of the 2nd century AD, born in Apamea (Syria), author of important works (On the Divergence of the… -
Ollé-Laprune, Léon (OLLE-LAPRUNE, LÉON)
OLLÉ-LAPRUNE, LÉON. - Philosopher, b. in Paris on 25 July 1839, d. there on 13 Feb. 1898. A pupil of the École normale supérieure, he began… -
Orestano, Francesco
ORESTANO, FRANCESCO. - Philosopher, b. at Alia on 14 April 1873, d. at Rome on 19 Aug. 1945. He taught (1907-24) history of philosophy at… -
Paulsen, Friedrich
PAULSEN, FRIEDRICH. - Philosopher, b. at Langenhorn (eastern Silesia) on 16 July 1846, d. at Steglitz (Berlin) on 14 Aug. 1908. He began… -
Pendasio, Federico
PENDASIO, FEDERICO. - Mantuan philosopher; from 1564 to 1570 he was a rival of Francesco Piccolomini for the chair of natural philosophy at… -
Pesch, Tillmann
PESCH, TILLMANN. - Jesuit, brother of the preceding, philosopher, b. at Cologne on 1 February 1836, d. at Valkenburg on 18 October 1899.… -
Peter of Abano (PIETRO D'ABANO)
PETER OF ABANO. - Physician and philosopher, b. at Abano (Padua) in 1257, d. at Padua ca. 1315. After completing his early studies at… -
Philostratus (Φιλόστρατος) (FILOSTRATO (ΦΙΛΆΣΤΑΣΤΟΣ))
PHILOSTRATUS (Φιλόστρατος). - Name of four sophists of the imperial age, natives of Lemnos. I. Son of Verus, Philostratus of LEMNOS is said… -
Planck, Max
PLANCK, MAX. - Thinker and scientist, b. in Kiel on 23 April 1858, d. in Göttingen on 4 October 1947. > (from J. Demers, Oud nederlandsche… -
Plotinus (PLOTINO)
PLOTINUS. - Greek philosopher, b. at Lycopolis (Egypt) in 205 A.D. A disciple, for eleven years, of Ammonius Saccas in Alexandria, he… -
Plutarch of Chaeronea (PLUTARCO DI CHERONEA)
PLUTARCH OF CHAERONEA. - Greek philosopher and historian, b. in Chaeronea (Boeotia) between 46 and 50 A.D. He studied philosophy and…