Expositions on the Book of Psalms 135
135.1 Psalm CXXXV PL 36, 1755
1. Very pleasant ought it be to us, and we should rejoice because it is pleasant, to which this Psalm exhorteth us. For it says, “Praise the name of the Lord” (ver. 1). And it forthwith appends the reason, why it is just to praise the name of the Lord. “Praise the Lord, ye servants.” What more just? what more worthy? what more thankful?…For if He teaches His own servants who have deserved well of Him, the preachers of His Word, the rulers of His Church, the worshippers of His name, the obeyers of His command, that in their own conscience they should possess the sweetness of their life, lest they be corrupted by the praise or disheartened by the reproach of men; how much the more is He above all, the unchangeable One, who teacheth these things, neither the greater if thou praisest, or the less if thou reproachest.…For ye will do nothing out of place, by praising your Lord, as servants. And if ye were to be for ever only servants, ye ought to praise the Lord; how much more ought ye servants to praise the Lord, that ye may hereafter gain the privilege of sons?
[«vers. 1.] Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus, quoniam in saeculum misericordia ejus.» Psalmus iste laudem continet Dei, et eodem modo in omnibus suis versibus terminatur. Proinde, quamvis hic in laudem Dei multa dicantur, maxime tamen ejus misericordia commendatur, sine cujus commendatione apertissima nullum versum claudi voluit, per quem Spiritus sanctus condidit Psalmum. Memini autem me in psalmo centesimo quinto, qui similiter incipit, quoniam codex quem intuebar, non habet, «in aeternum;» sed, «in saeculum misericordia ejus;» quaesisse quid potius intelligere deberemus: in graeco enim sermone scriptum est, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα quod et «in saeculum,» et «in aeternum» interpretari potest. Sed quid illic, ut potui, disseruerim, etiam hic retexere longum est. In isto autem psalmo etiam idem ipse codex non habet, «in saeculum,» quod plerique habent; sed, «in aeternum misericordia ejus.» Quod etsi post judicium, quo in fine saeculi vivi et mortui judicandi sunt, missis justis in vitam aeternam, iniquis autem in ambustionem aeternam, non sint deinceps futuri quorum adhuc misereatur Deus; recte tamen intelligi potest in aeternum futura misericordia ejus, quam suis sanctis fidelibusque largitur: non quia in aeternum miseri erunt, et ideo in aeternum misericordia ejus indigebunt; sed quia ipsa beatitudo quam misericorditer miseris praestat, ut esse miseri desinant, et beati esse incipiant, non habebit finem, ideo «in aeternum misericordia ejus.» Quod enim justi erimus ex iniquis, sani ex infirmis, vivi ex mortuis, immortales ex mortalibus, beati ex miseris, misericordia ejus est. Hoc autem quod ita erimus, in aeternum erit: ergo «in aeternum misericordia ejus.» Proinde, «Confitemini Domino,» id est, confitendo laudate Dominum; «quoniam bonus.» Nec pro hac confessione aliquid estis temporale sumpturi; «quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus,» id est, beneficium quod vobis misericorditer praestat, aeternum est. Quod autem habet, «Quoniam bonus,» graecus habet ἀγαθὸς: non sicut in psalmo centesimo et quinto; quod ibi est, «Quoniam bonus,» graecus habet χρηστός. Ideo nonnulli illud interpretati sunt, Quoniam suavis est. ἀγαθὸς autem non utcumque bonus, sed excellentissime bonus est.
135.2 PL 36, 1756
2. …Therefore, “Ye who stand in the house of the Lord, in the courts of the house of our God, praise the Lord” (ver. 2). Be thankful; ye were without, and ye stand within. Since then ye stand, is it a small thing for you to think where He should be praised, who raised you when you were cast down, and caused you to stand in His house, to know Him, and to praise Him? Is it a small boon, that we stand in the house of the Lord?…If one thinks of this, and is not unthankful, he will utterly despise himself in comparison with the love of his Lord, who hath done so great things for him. And since he hath nothing wherewith to repay God for so great benefits, what remains for him but to give Him thanks, not to repay Him? It belongs to the very act of thanksgiving, to “receive the cup of the Lord, and to call upon His name.” For what can the servant repay the Lord for all that He hath given him?
[«vers.» 2, 3.] Deinde sequitur: «Confitemini Deo deorum; quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus. Confitemini Domino dominorum; quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus.» Quinam sint dii et domini, quorum deorum et dominorum sit Deus et Dominus, qui est verus Deus; merito quaeri solet. Et scriptum invenimus in alio psalmo, deos etiam homines appellatos, sicuti est, «Deus stelit in synagoga deorum; in medio autem deos discernit:» et paulo post, «Ego dixi, Dii estis et filii Excelsi omnes; vos autem ut homines moriemini, et sicut unus ex principibus cadetis.» Quod testimonium etiam Dominus in Evangelio commemorat dicens: «Nonne scriptum est in Lege vestra, quia, Ego dixi, Dii estis? Si illos dixit deos, ad quos sermo Dei factus est, et non potest solvi Scriptura; quem Pater sanctificavit, et misit in mundum, vos dicitis quia, Blasphemas, quia dixi, Filius Dei sum» ? Non ergo quia boni sunt omnes, sed quia sermo Dei ad illos factus est, appellati sunt dii. Nam si propterea quia boni essent omnes, non sic eos dijudicaret. Cum enim dixisset, «Deus stetit in synagoga deorum;» non ait, In medio deos et homines discernit, tanquam ostendens quid intersit inter deos et homines: sed, «In medio» inquit, «deos discernit.» Deinde sequitur, «Usquequo judicatis iniquitatem» ? et caetera: quae utique non omnibus sed quibusdam dicit, quia discernens dicit; et tamen «in medio deos discernit.»
135.3 PL 36, 1757
3. What reason shall I give why you should praise Him? “Because the Lord is good” (ver. 3). Briefly in one word is here explained the praise of the Lord our God. “The Lord is good;” good, not in the same manner as the things which He here made are good. For God made all things very good; not only good, but also very good. He made the sky and earth, and all things which are in them good, and He made them very good. If He made all these things good, of what sort is He who made them?…
Sed quaeritur, si homines ad quos sermo Dei factus est, dii vocantur, utrum et Angeli vocandi sunt dii; cum hominibus justis et sanctis maximum praemium promittatur aequalitas Angelorum. Et in Scripturis quidem nescio utrum vel possit, vel facile possit reperiri, aperte dictos Angelos deos; sed cum de Domino Deo dictum esset, «Terribilis super omnes deos,» cur hoc dixerit, continuo velut exponendo conjunxit, «Quoniam dii Gentium daemonia» . Super tales deos dixit Dominum terribilem in sanctis suis, quos coelos fecit, a quibus daemonia terrerentur. Sic enim sequitur, «Dominus autem coelos fecit.» Non ergo, Dii sine additamento; sed, Dii Gentium daemonia: superius tamen, «Terribilis,» inquit, «super omnes deos;» non ait, super omnes deos Gentium, quamvis intelligi hoc voluerit, addendo quod sequitur, «Quoniam dii Gentium daemonia.» Quod quidem in hebraeo dicitur non ita esse scriptum; sed, «Dii Gentium simulacra.» Quod si verum est, multo magis credendi sunt Septuaginta divino Spiritu intepretati, quo Spiritu et illa dicta sunt quae in hebraeis litteris sunt. Eodem namque operante Spiritu, etiam hoc dici oportuit quod dictum est, «Dii Gentium daemonia:» ut intelligeremus sic etiam in hebraeo positum, «Dii Gentium simulacra;» ut daemonia potius quae sunt in simulacris, significarentur. Nam quod attinet ad ipsa simulacra, quae graece appellantur idola, quo nomine jam utimur pro latino, oculos habent et non vident; et caetera quae de his ideo dicuntur, quia omni sensu carent: quocirca nec terreri possunt, quia nisi ea quae sentiunt, terreri utique non possunt. Quomodo ergo dictum est de Domino, «Terribilis est super omnes deos, quoniam dii Gentium simulacra,» nisi per simulacra intelligantur daemonia, quae terreri possunt? Unde ait et Apostolus, «Scimus quia nihil est idolum:» hoc enim retulit ad materiam terrenam sensu carentem. Item ne quisquam putaret non esse aliquam viventem sentientemque naturam, quae Gentium sacrificiis delectetur, adjunxit: «Sed quae immolant Gentes, daemoniis immolant, et non Deo. Nolo vos socios fieri daemoniorum» . Si ergo nusquam in eloquiis divinis reperitur sanctos Angelos appellatos deos, ea mihi causa potissimum occurrit, ne isto nomine homines ad hoc aedificarentur, ut ministerium vel servitium religionis, quae graece liturgia, vel latria dicitur, sanctis Angelis exhiberent; quod nec ipsi exhiberi ab hominibus volunt, nisi illi Deo qui et ipsorum et hominum Deus est. Unde multo utilius Angeli vocantur, qui latine nuntii nuncupantur; ut per nomen non substantiae, sed officii, satis intelligamus illum Deum a nobis eos coli velle, quem nuntiant. Totam ergo istam quaestionem breviter Apostolus solvit, ubi ait: «Nam etsi sunt qui dicantur dii, sive in coelo, sive in terra; quemadmodum sunt dii multi et» «domini multi, sed nobis unus Deus, Pater, ex quo omnia, et nos in ipso, et unus Dominus Jesus Christus, per quem omnia, et nos per ipsum» .
135.4 PL 36, 1758
4. How far can we speak of His goodness? Who can conceive in his heart, or apprehend how good the Lord is? Let us however return to ourselves, and in us recognise Him, and praise the Maker in His works, because we are not fit to contemplate Him Himself. And in hope that we may be able to contemplate Him, when our heart hath been purified by faith, that hereafter it may rejoice in the Truth; now as He cannot be seen by us, let us look at His works, that we may not live without praising Him. So I have said, “Praise the Lord, for He is good; sing praises unto His Name, for He is sweet”.…He is Mediator, and thereupon is sweet. What is sweeter than angels’ food? How can God not be sweet, since man ate angels’ food? For men and angels live not on different meat. That is truth, that is wisdom, that is the goodness of God, but thou canst not enjoy it in like wise with the angels.…That man might eat angels’ food, the Creator of the angels was made man. If ye taste, sing praises; if ye have tasted how sweet the Lord is, sing praises; if that which ye have tasted has a good savour, praise it; who is so unthankful to cook or purveyor, as not to return thanks by praising what he tastes, if he be pleased by any food. If we are not silent on such occasions, shall we be silent concerning Him, who has given us all things?…
[«vers.» 4.] Confiteamur ergo «Deo deorum, et Domino dominorum; quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus. Qui fecit mirabilia magna solus.» Sicut in omnium versuum novissimis partibus positum est, «Quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus;» sic in omnium capitibus quamvis non sit positum, subaudiendum est, «Confitemini.» Quod in graeco evidentius apparet. Appareret autem et in latino, si eamdem locutionem transferre potuissent interpretes nostri. Quod quidem in isto versu possent, si dicerent, «facienti mirabilia:» quod enim nos habemus, «Qui fecit mirabilia;» graecus habet, «facienti mirabilia»; ubi necessario «Confitemini» subauditur. Atque utinam vel pronomen adderent, ut dicerent, Ei «qui facit;» vel, ei «qui fecit;» vel, ei «qui firmavit:» quia etiam sic facile intelligeretur «Confitemini» esse subaudiendum. Nunc vero ita obscurum factum est, ut qui codicem graecum sive nescierit inspicere, sive neglexerit, possit putare, «Qui fecit coelos, Qui firmavit terram, Qui fecit luminaria, quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus,» ideo dictum, quasi propterea ista fecerit, «Quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus:» cum ad ejus misericordiam illi pertineant, quos de miseria liberat; non autem ut ejus misericordiae fuisse intelligamus facere coelum et terram et luminaria, cum illud sit bonitatis ejus qui creavit omnia bona valde . Creavit autem, ut essent omnia ; hoc vero misericordiae, ut a peccatis nostris mundet nos, et a miseria liberet in aeternum. Ita ergo nos alloquitur Psalmus: «Confitemini Deo deorum, confitemini Domino dominorum;» confitemini ei «qui facit mirabilia magna solus;» confitemini ei «qui fecit coelos in intellectu;» confitemini ei «qui firmavit terram super aquas;» confitemini ei «qui fecit luminaria magna solus.» Cur autem confiteamur, in omnium versuum finibus ponit, «Quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus.»
135.5 PL 36, 1758
5. “For the Lord hath chosen Jacob to Himself, Israel for His own possession” (ver. 4).…Let not Jacob therefore extol himself, let him not boast himself, or ascribe it to his own merits. He was known before, predestinated before, elected before, not elected for his own merits, but found out, and gifted with life by the grace of God. So with all the Gentiles; for how did the wild-olive deserve, that it should be grafted in, from the bitterness of its berries, the barrenness of its wildness? It was the wood of the wilderness, not of the Lord’s field, and yet He of His mercy grafted the wild-olive into the (true) olive. But up to this time the wild-olive was not grafted in.
[«vers.» 5-10.] Sed quid est, «Qui fecit mirabilia magna solus?» an quia multa mirabilia per Angelos et per homines fecit? Sunt quaedam magna quae solus Deus facit, et ipsa exsequitur dicens, «Qui fecit coelos in intellectu, Qui firmavit terram super aquas, Qui fecit luminaria magna solus:» ideo et hic addidit, «solus.» quia caetera mirabilia quae dicturus est, per homines fecit. Cum enim dixisset, «Qui fecit luminaria magna solus;» quae sint eadem luminaria, secutus aperuit, «Solem in potestatem diei, lunam et stellas in potestatem noctis.» Deinde incipit dicere quae per Angelos vel per homines fecerit: «Qui percussit Aegyptum cum primogenitis eorum;» et caetera. Universam igitur creaturam, non utique Deus per aliquam creaturam, sed solus fecit. Cujus creaturae quasdam partes excellentiores commemoravit, ex quibus universa cogitaremus, intelligibiles coelos et visibilem terram: et quoniam sunt etiam coeli visibiles, commemoratis eorum luminaribus totum coeleste corporeum ut ab ipso factum acciperemus, admonuit.
135.6 PL 36, 1759
6. …“Because,” says he, “I know that the Lord is great, and our God is above all gods” (ver. 5). If we should say to him, we ask thee, explain to us His greatness; would he not perchance answer us, He whom I see is not so very great, if He be able to be expounded by me. Let him then return to His works, and tell us. Let him hold in his conscience the greatness of God, which he has seen, which he has committed to our faith, whither he could not lead our eyes, and enumerate some of the things which the Lord hath done here; that unto us, who cannot see His greatness as he can, He may become sweet through the works of His which we can comprehend.…
Quanquam id quod ait, «Qui fecit coelos in intellectu,» vel, sicut alii interpretati sunt, «in intelligentia,» utrum coelos intelligibiles significare hoc modo voluerit, an in suo intellectu, vel in sua intelligentia fecisse coelos, hoc est in sua Sapientia, sicut alibi scriptum est, «Omnia in Sapientia fecisti» , eo modo insinuans unigenitum Verbum, quaeri potest. Sed si ita est, ut in suo intellectu fecisse accipiamus Deum coelos, cur tantum de coelis hoc ait, cum omnia in eadem Sapientia fecerit? An ibi tantum exprimendum fuit, ut in caeteris etiam tacitum posset intelligi: ut iste sit sensus, «Qui fecit coelos in intellectu, Qui fundavit terram super aquas;» ut et hic subaudias, «in intellectu: Qui fecit luminaria magna solus, solem in potestatem diei, lunam et stellas in potestatem noctis;» utique, «in intellectu?» Quomodo ergo «solus,» si hoc est «in intellectu,» vel «in intelligentia,» quod est «in Sapientia,» id est, in Verbo unigenito? An quia Trinitas non sunt tres dii, sed unus Deus, ad id refertur quod solus Deus fecit, quia non creaturam per creaturam fecit?
135.7 PL 36, 1759
7. “All whatsoever the Lord willed, He made in the heaven, and in the earth, in the sea, and in all its deep places” (ver. 6). Who can comprehend these things? Who can enumerate the works of the Lord in the heaven and earth, in the sea, and in all deep places? Yet if we cannot comprehend them all, we should believe and hold them without question, because whatever creature is in heaven, whatever is in earth, whatever is in the sea and in all deep places, has been made by the Lord.…
Sed quid est, «Qui firmavit terram super aquas?» Obscura enim quaestio est; quia terra gravior videtur, ut non portari aquis, sed aquas potius portare credatur. De qua re ne adversus eos qui se putant ista certis rationibus comperisse, contentiose Scripturas nostras defendere videamur; sive illud ita, sive aliter sit, habemus quod de proximo intelligamus, terram quae habitatur ab hominibus et terrestria continet animalia, quae alio modo in Scripturis arida dicitur, sicut scriptum est, «Appareat arida, et vocavit Deus aridam terram» , super aquas esse fundatam, quod aquis circumfluentibus supereminet. Non enim quae dicitur littoraria civitas super mare fundata, ita sub ea mare est, quemadmodum sunt aquae sub speluncarum cameris, aut sub navibus supernatantibus; sed ideo super mare dicitur, quia inferiori mari supereminet. Sic dictus est Pharao exisse «super aquam:» ita enim habet graecus, quod quidam Latini habent, «ad aquam» ; sic Dominus «super puteum sedebat» : quod ambo superiores essent quam flumen et puteus; ille juxta flumen, iste juxta puteum.
135.8 PL 36, 1759
8. “Raising the clouds from the ends of the earth” (ver. 7). We see these works of God in His creation. For the clouds come from the ends of the earth to the midst thereof, and rain; thou scannest not whence they arise. Hence the prophet signifies this, from “the ends of the earth,” whether it be from the bottom, or from the circumference of the ends of the earth, whencesoever He wills He raises the clouds, only from the earth. “He hath made lightnings into rain.” For lightnings without rain would frighten thee, and bestow nothing on thee. “He maketh lightnings unto rain.” It lightens, and thou tremblest; it rains, thou rejoicest. “He hath made lightnings unto rain.” He who terrified thee, Himself causest that thou shouldest rejoice. “Who bringeth the winds out of His treasures,” their causes are hidden, thou knowest not whence they come. When the wind blows, thou feelest it; why it blows, or from what treasure of His wisdom it is brought forth, thou knowest not; yet thou owest to God the worship of faith, for it would not blow unless He had bidden who made it, unless He had brought it forth who created it.
Si autem etiam aliquid aliud, quod ad nos magis pertinet, ista dicta significant: «fecit Deus coelos in intellectu,» spirituales sanctos suos, quibus non tantum credere, verum etiam intelligere divina donavit: hoc qui nondum possunt, et solam fidem firmissimam tenent, tanquam infra coelos terrae nomine figurantur. Et quia in Baptismo quem acceperunt, inconcussa credulitate consistunt; ideo dictum est, «Firmavit terram super aquas.» Item quia scriptum est de Domino Jesu Christo quod in illo sint «omnes thesauri sapientiae et scientiae absconditi» ; haec autem duo, id est sapientiam et scientiam, distare inter se aliquid, alia quoque Scripturarum testantur eloquia, maxime loquente sancto Job, ubi quodammodo singula definiuntur; ait enim, «Dixit autem homini, Ecce pietas est sapientia, abstinere autem a malo scientia est» (Job XXVIII, 28): non incongruenter intelligimus sapientiam in cognitione et dilectione ejus quod semper est, atque incommutabiliter manet, quod Deus est. Nam et quod ait, «Ecce pietas est sapientia,» θεοσέβεια dicta est in graeco: quod ut totum latine exprimatur, Dei cultus dici potest. «Abstinere autem a malo,» quod dixit esse scientiam, quid est aliud, quam in medio nationis tortuosae et perversae, tanquam in nocte hujus saeculi, caute prudenterque versari ; ut abstinendo quisque ab iniquitate non confundatur tenebris, proprii muneris luce discretus? Cum ergo quodam loco Apostolus concordem gratiarum varietatem in hominibus Dei vellet ostendere, haec in primis duo posuit dicens, «Alii quidem datur per Spiritum sermo sapientiae;» hoc esse arbitror, «Solem in potestatem diei: Alii sermo scientiae secundum eumdem Spiritum;» hoc est, «lunam.» Deinde quodammodo «stellas» commemorari puto in eo quod dicitur, «Alii fides in eodem Spiritu, alii curationum donatio in uno Spiritu, alii operationes virtutum, alii prophetia, alii dijudicatio spirituum, alii genera linguarum, alii interpretatio sermonum» . Nihil enim horum est quod in hujus saeculi nocte non sit necessarium: quae cum transierit, necessaria ista non erunt: ideo, «in potestatem noctis. In potestatem» quippe ait, vel «diei» vel «noctis,» ut potestas esset die lucere vel nocte; quod in spiritualibus donis sic intelligitur, quia dedit potestatem filios Dei fieri . «Qui percussit Aegyptum, cum primogenitis eorum.» Percussit et saeculum, cum his quae praecipua putantur in saeculo.
135.9 PL 36, 1760
9. We see therefore these things in that work of His; we praise, we marvel at, we bless God; let us see what He has done among men for His people. “Who smote the first-born of Egypt” (ver. 8). But withal those divine doings are told which thou mightest love, those are not told which thou mightest fear. Attend, and see that also when He is angry, He doeth what He willeth. “From man even unto beast. He sent signs and wonders into the midst of thee, O Egypt!” (ver. 9). Ye know, ye have read what the hand of the Lord did by Moses in Egypt, to crush and cast down the proud Egyptians, “on Pharaoh and on all his servants.” Little did He in Egypt: what did He after His people was led out thence? “Who smote many nations” (ver. 10), who possessed that land, which God willed to give His people. “And slew mighty kings, Sehon king of the Amorites, and Og the king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan” (ver. 11). All these things which the Psalm records simply, do we read likewise in others of the Lord’s books, and there the hand of the Lord is great. When thou seest what has been done to the wicked, take heed lest it be done to thee.…But when the good man sees what the wicked has suffered, let him cleanse himself from all iniquity, lest he fall into a like punishment, a like chastisement. Then ye have thoroughly understood these things. What did God then? He drove out the wicked, “And he gave their land for an inheritance, even an inheritance to Israel His servant” (ver. 12).
[«vers. 11-26.] Qui eduxit Israel de medio eorum.» Eduxit etiam sanctos ac fideles suos de medio malorum. «In manu potenti et brachio excelso.» Quid potentius, quid excelsius eo de quo dictum est: «Et brachium Domini cui revelatum est» ? «Qui divisit mare Rubrum in divisiones.» Dividit etiam, ut unus atque idem Baptismus aliis sit in vitam, aliis sit in mortem. «Et eduxit Israel per medium ejus.» Educit etiam innovatum populum suum per lavacrum regenerationis. «Et excussit Pharaonem et virtutem ejus in mari Rubro.» Celeriter interimit et peccatum suorum reatumque ejus per Baptismum. «Qui traduxit populum suum in deserto.» Traducit et nos in hujus saeculi ariditate et sterilitate, ne in ea pereamus. «Qui percussit reges magnos, et occidit reges fortes.» Percutit atque occidit etiam a nobis diabolicas et noxias potestates. «Seon regem Amorrhaeorum.» Germen inutile vel Tentationem calentem, quod interpretatur Seon; regem Amaricantium, quod interpretatur Amorrhaeorum. «Et Og regem Basan.» Coacervantem, quod interpretatur Og; et regem Confusionis, quod interpretatur Basan: quid enim coacervat diabolus, nisi confusionem? «Et» «dedit terram eorum haereditatem, haereditatem Israel servo suo.» Dat etiam quos diabolus possidebat, haereditatem semini Abrahae, quod est Christus. «Quia in humilitate nostra memor fuit nostri. Et redemit nos ab inimicis nostris:» sanguine Unigeniti sui. «Qui dat escam omni carni;» hoc est, omni hominum generi, non tantum Israelitarum, sed et Gentium: de qua esca dicitur, «Caro mea vere est esca» . «Confitemini Deo coeli, quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus. Confitemini Domino dominorum, quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus.» Quod hic ait, «Deo coeli,» credo aliter dicere voluit quod supra jam dixerat, «Deo deorum:» nam quod ibi deinde subjunxit, hoc etiam hic repetivit, «Confitemini Domino dominorum.» Sed «etsi sunt qui dicuntur dii, sive in coelo, sive in terra; quemadmodum sunt dii multi et domini multi; sed nobis unus est Deus, Pater, ex quo omnia, et nos in ipsum, et unus Dominus Jesus Christus, per quem omnia, et nos per ipsum» ; cui confitemur, «quoniam in aeternum misericordia ejus.»
135.10 PL 36, 1755
10. Then follows the loud cry of His praise. “Thy Name, O Lord, is for ever and ever” (ver. 13), after all these things which Thou hast done. For what do I see that Thou hast done? I behold Thy creation which Thou hast made in heaven, I behold this lower part, where we dwell, and here I see Thy gifts of clouds, and winds, and rain. I regard Thy people; Thou leddest them from the house of bondage, and didst signs and wonders upon their enemies. Thou punishedst those who caused them trouble, Thou dravest the wicked from their land, Thou killedst their kings, Thou gavest their land to Thy people: I have seen all these things, and filled with joy have said, “Lord, Thy Name is for ever and ever.”…
135.11 PL 36, 1755
11. All these things then did God overthrow, in the body at that time, when our fathers were led out of the land of Egypt, in the spirit now. Nor does His Hand cease until the end. Therefore deem not that these mighty deeds of God were then finished and have ceased. “Thy Name, O Lord,” he says, “is for ever.” That is, Thy loving-kindness ceaseth not, Thy hand ceaseth not for ever from doing these things, which then Thou didst afore declare in a figure. “But they are written for our admonition, on whom the end of the ages is come.” One generation and another generation; the generation by which we are made the faithful, and are born again by baptism; the generation by which we shall rise again from the dead, and shall live with the Angels for ever. Thy Memorial, O Lord, is above this generation, and above that; for neither doth He now forget to call us, nor then will He forget to crown us.
135.12 PL 36, 1755
12. “The Lord hath judged His people, and will be called upon among His servants” (ver. 14). Already hath He judged the people. Save the final judgment, the people of the Jews is judged. What is “judged”? The just are taken away, the unjust are left. But if I lie, or am thought to lie, because I have said, it is already judged, hear the Lord saying, “I have come for judgment into this world, that they who see not may see, and they who see may be made blind.” The proud are made blind, the lowly are enlightened. Therefore, “He hath judged His people.” Isaiah spake the judgment. “And now, thou house of Jacob, come ye, let us walk in the light of the Lord.” This is a small matter; but what follows? “For He hath put away His people, the house of Israel.” The house of Jacob is the house of Israel; for he who is Jacob, the same is Israel.…Therefore God had judged His people, by separating the evil and the good; that is to say, “He shall be called upon among His servants.” By whom? By the Gentiles. For how vast are the nations who have come in by faith. How many farms and desert places now come in to us? They come thence no one can tell how numerously; they would believe. We say to them, What will ye? They answer, To know the glory of God. Believe, my brethren, that we wonder and rejoice at such a claim of these rustic people. They come I know not whither, roused up by I know not whom. How shall I say, I know not by whom? I know indeed by whom, because He says, “No one cometh to Me, save whom the Father draweth.” They come suddenly from the woods, the desert, the most distant and lofty mountains, to the Church; and many of them, nay, near all hold this language, so that we see of a truth that God teacheth them within. The prophecy of Scripture is fulfilled, when it says, “And they shall all be taught of God.” We say to them, What do ye long for? And they answer, To see the glory of God. “For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.” They believe, they are sanctified, they will to have clergy ordained for them. Is it not fulfilled, “and He will be called upon among His servants”?
135.13 PL 36, 1755
13. Lastly, after all that arrangement and dispensation, the Spirit of God turns itself to reproaching and ridiculing those idols, which are now ridiculed by their very worshippers. “The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold” (ver. 15). As God made all these things, who made whatever He would in heaven and earth, what can anything that man maketh be, but an object of ridicule, not adoration? Was He perchance about to speak of “the idols of the Gentiles,” that we might despise them all? was He about to speak of the idols of the heathen, stones and wood, plaster and pottery? I say not these, they are mean materials. I speak of that which they specially love, that which they specially honour. “The idols of the Gentiles are silver and gold, the work of men’s hands.” Surely it is gold, surely it is silver: because silver glitters, and gold glitters, have they therefore eyes, or do they see?…But as these things are senseless, why make ye men of silver and gold to be gods? See ye not that the gods which ye make see not? “They have a mouth, and will not speak; they have eyes, and will not see” (ver. 16); “they have ears, and will not hear; neither is there any breath in their mouth” (ver. 17); “they have nostrils, and will not smell; they have hands, and will not work; they have feet, and will not walk.” All these things could the carpenter, the silversmith, the goldsmith make, both eyes, and ears, and nostrils, and mouth, and hands, and feet, but he could give neither sight to the eyes, nor hearing to the ears, nor speech to the mouth, nor smell to the nostrils, nor motion to the hands, or going to the feet.
135.14 PL 36, 1755
14. And man, thou laughest doubtless at what thou hast made, if thou knowest by whom thou art made. But of them who know not, what is said? “All they who make them, and all they who trust in them, are like them” (ver. 18). And ye believe, brethren, that there is a likeness to these idols expressed not in their flesh, but in their inner man. For “they have ears, and hear not.” God calls to them indeed, “He who hath ears to hear, let him hear.” They have eyes, and see not, for they have the eyes of the body, and not the eyes of faith. Lastly, this prophecy is fulfilled among all the nations.…Is it not fulfilled? Is it not seen, as it is written? And they who remain have eyes, and see not; have nostrils, and smell not. They perceive not that savour. “We are a good savour of Christ,” as the apostle says everywhere. What profiteth it, that they have nostrils, and smell not that so sweet savour of Christ? Truly it is done in them, and truly it is said of them, “All they who make them,” etc.
135.15 PL 36, 1755
15. But daily do men believe through the miracles of Christ our Lord; daily the eyes of the blind, the ears of the deaf are opened, the nostrils of the senseless are breathed into, the tongues of the dumb are loosed, the hands of the palsied are strengthened, the feet of the lame are guided; sons of Abraham are raised up of these stones, to all of whom be it said, “Bless the Lord, ye house of Israel” (ver. 19). All are sons of Abraham; and if sons of Abraham are raised up from these stones, it is plain that they are rather the house of Israel who belong to the house of Israel, the seed of Abraham, not by the flesh, but by faith. But even granting that it is said of that house, and the people of Israel is meant, from thence did the Apostles and thousands of the circumcised believe? “Bless the Lord, ye house of Aaron. Bless the Lord, ye house of Levi” (ver. 20). Bless the Lord, ye nations, this is, the “house of Israel” generally; bless Him, ye leaders, this is, the “house of Aaron;” bless Him, ye servants, this is, the “house of Levi.” What of the other nations? “Ye that fear the Lord, bless the Lord.”
135.16 PL 36, 1755
16. Let us also with one voice say what follows: “Blessed be the Lord out of Zion, who dwelleth in Jerusalem” (ver. 21). Out of Zion is Jerusalem too. Zion is “watching,” Jerusalem the “vision of peace.” In what Jerusalem will He dwell now? In that which has fallen? Nay, but in that which is our mother, which is in the heavens, of which it is said, “The desolate hath more children than she which hath a husband.” For now the Lord is from Zion, because we watch when He will come; now as long as we live in hope, we are in Zion. When our way is ended, we shall dwell in that city which will never fall, because the Lord dwelleth in her, and keepeth her, which is the vision of peace, the eternal Jerusalem; for the praise of which, my brethren, language sufficeth not; where we shall find no enemy, either within the Church or without the Church, neither in our flesh, nor in our thoughts. For “death shall be swallowed up in victory,” and we shall be free to see God in eternal peace, being made citizens of Jerusalem, the city of God.