Esdras calling the people together commandeth them to dismisse the strange Wemen, which they haue married: 14 appointing officers to see it executed: 18 and reciteth those Which had married such wemen.
1Now when Esdras was thus praying, and beseeching, and weeping, and lying before the temple of God, there was gathered to him of Israel an exceeding great assembly of men and women and children, and the people wept with much lamentation.Mentre adunque Esdra orava, e supplicava, e piangeva prostrato dinanzi al tempio di Dio, si raunò attorno a lui una grandissima turba di uomini d'Israele, e di donne, e di fanciulli, e il popolo piangeva dirottamente.ESDRAS therfore thus praying, and beseeching, and weeping, and lying before the temple of God, there was gathered to him of Israel an exceeding great companie of men and wemen and children, and the people wept with much lamentation.Sic ergo orante Esdra, et implorante eo et flente, et jacente ante templum Dei, collectus est ad eum de Israël cœtus grandis nimis virorum et mulierum et puerorum, et flevit populus fletu multo. 2And Sechenias the son of Jehiel of the sons of Elam answered, and said to Esdras: We have sinned against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: and now if there be repentance in Israel concerning this,E Sechenia figliuolo di Jehiel de'figliuoli di Elam prese la parola, e disse ad Esdra: Noi abbiamo prevaricato contro il nostro Dio, e abbiamo sposate donne straniere di questi popoli del paese: ma se adesso Israele di ciò si pente.And Sechenias the sonne of Iehiel of the children of Aelam answered, and said to Esdras: We haue transgressed against our God, and haue taken to wiues strange wemen of the peoples of the land: and now if there be penance in Israel vpon this,Et respondit Sechenias filius Jehiel de filiis Ælam, et dixit Esdræ: Nos prævaricati sumus in Deum nostrum, et duximus uxores alienigenas de populis terræ: et nunc, si est pœnitentia in Israël super hoc, 3Let us make a covenant with the Lord our God, to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the will of the Lord, and of them that fear the commandment of the Lord our God: let it be done according to the law.Facciamo un patto col Signore Dio nostro di rigettare tutte queste donne, e i figliuoli nati da esse, facendo quello, che piacerà al Signore, e a quelli, che temono i comandi del Signore Dio nostro: facciasi quel, che porta la legge.let vs make a couenant with the Lord our God, to put away al the wiues, and them that are borne of them, according to the wil of our Lord, and of them that feare the precept of the Lord our God: be it done according to the law.percutiamus fœdus cum Domino Deo nostro, ut projiciamus universas uxores, et eos qui de his nati sunt, juxta voluntatem Domini, et eorum qui timent præceptum Domini Dei nostri: secundum legem fiat. 4Arise, it is thy part to give orders, and we will be with thee: take courage, and do it.Alzati, a te tocca di risolvere: e noi ti daremo la mano: fatti animo, e opera.Arise, it is thy part to discerne, and we wil be with thee: take courage, and doe it.Surge, tuum est decernere, nosque erimus tecum: confortare, et fac.
5So Esdras arose, and made the chiefs of the priests and of the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they would do according to this word, and they swore.Esdra allora si alzò, e invitò i principi de' sacerdoti, e de' Leviti, e tutto Israele a giurare di far, come era stato detto: ed ei giurarono.Esdras therefore rose vp, and adiured the Princes of the Priestes and of the Leuites, and al Israel, that they should doe according to this word, and they sware.Surrexit ergo Esdras, et adjuravit principes sacerdotum et Levitarum, et omnem Israël, ut facerent secundum verbum hoc: et juraverunt. 6And Esdras rose up from before the house of God, and went to the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliasib, and entered in thither: he ate no bread, and drank no water: for he mourned for the transgression of them that were come out of the captivity.Ed Esdra si levò dal cospetto della casa di Dio, e andò alla stanza di Johanan figliuolo di Eliasib; e dopo che vi fu entrato non mangiò pane, e non bevve acqua; perocché piangeva il peccato di quelli, che eran tornati dalla cattività.And Esdras rose vp before the house of God, and went to the chamber of Iohanan the sonne of Eliasib, and entered into it, he did eate no bread, and dranke no water: for he mourned for the transgression of them, that were come out of the captiuitie.Et surrexit Esdras ante domum Dei, et abiit ad cubiculum Johanan filii Eliasib, et ingressus est illuc: panem non comedit, et aquam non bibit: lugebat enim transgressionem eorum, qui venerant de captivitate. 7And proclamation was made in Juda and Jerusalem to all the children of the captivity, that they should assemble together into Jerusalem.E fu intimato in Giuda, e in Gerusalemme a tutti i figliuoli della trasmigrazione, che si adunassero in Gerusalemme:And there was a proclamation sent in Iuda and Ierusalem to al the children of the transmigration, that they should assemble together into Ierusalem.Et missa est vox in Juda et in Jerusalem omnibus filiis transmigrationis, ut congregarentur in Jerusalem: 8And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the ancients, all his substance should be taken away, and he should be cast out of the company of them that were returned from captivity.E che chiunque in termine di tre giorni non vi si trovasse, per sentenza de' principi, e de' seniori sarebbe confiscato tutto il suo avere, ed egli sarebbe rigettato dall'adunanza di quelli, che eran tornati dalla trasmigrazione.And euerie one that shal not come within three dayes, according to the counsel of the princes and ancientes, al his substance shal be taken away, and him selfe shal be cast out of the companie of the transmigration.et omnis qui non venerit in tribus diebus juxta consilium principum et seniorum, auferetur universa substantia ejus, et ipse abjicietur de cœtu transmigrationis.
9Then all the men of Juda, and Benjamin gathered themselves together to Jerusalem within three days, in the ninth month, the twentieth day of the month: and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of the sin, and the rain.Si adunarono pertanto dentro i tre giorni tutti gli uomini di Giuda, e di Benjamin a Gerusalemme nel nono mese ai venti del mese, e tutto il popolo si stava assiso sulla piazza della casa di Dio, tremante a causa del suo peccato, e delle gran piogge.There assembled therfore al the men of Iuda, and Beniamin into Ierufalem within three dayes, that is the ninth moneth, the twenteth day of the moneth: and al the people sate in the streate of the house of God, trembling for the sinne, and the rayne.Convenerunt igitur omnes viri Juda et Benjamin in Jerusalem tribus diebus: ipse est mensis nonus, vigesimo die mensis: et sedit omnis populus in platea domus Dei, trementes pro peccato, et pluviis. 10And Esdras the priest stood up, and said to them: You have transgressed, and taken strange wives, to add to the sins of Israel.Ed Esdra sacerdote alzatosi disse: Voi avete peccato, e avete sposate donne straniere, aggiungendo questo ai delitti d'Israele.And Esdas the Priest arose, and sayd to them: You haue transgressed, and taken strange wemen to wife, to adde vpon the sinne of Israel.Et surrexit Esdras sacerdos, et dixit ad eos: Vos transgressi estis, et duxistis uxores alienigenas, ut adderetis super delictum Israël. 11And now make confession to the Lord the God of your fathers, and do his pleasure, and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from your strange wives.Adesso adunque date gloria al Signore Dio de' padri vostri, e fate quello, che piace a lui, e separatevi dai popoli del paese, e dalle mogli straniere.And now geue confession to our Lord the God of your fathers, and doe his pleasure, and be separated from the peoples of the land, and from your wiues the strangers.Et nunc date confessionem Domino Deo patrum vestrorum, et facite placitum ejus, et separamini a populis terræ, et ab uxoribus alienigenis. 12And all the multitude answered and said with a loud voice: According to thy word unto us, so be it done.E tutta quanta la moltitudine rispose, e disse ad alta voce: Si faccia, come tu hai detto.And al the multitude answered, and sayd with a lowde voyce: According to thy word vnto vs, so be it done.Et respondit universa multitudo, dixitque voce magna: Juxta verbum tuum ad nos, sic fiat. 13But as the people are many, and it is time of rain, and we are not able to stand without, and it is not a work of one day or two, (for we have exceedingly sinned in this matter,)Ma perchè la turba è grande, e il tempo è piovoso, e non possiamo stare allo scoperto, e questo non è negozio di un giorno, né di due (perocché noi abbiam peccato grandemente in questa materia.)Neuerthelesse because there is much people, and a tyme of rayne, and we can not abyde to stand without, and it is not a worke of one day or two (for we haue excedingly sinned in this thing)Verumtamen quia populus multus est, et tempus pluviæ, et non sustinemus stare foris, et opus non est diei unius vel duorum (vehementer quippe peccavimus in sermone isto), 14Let rulers be appointed in all the multitude: and in all our cities, let them that have taken strange wives come at the times appointed, and with them the ancients and the judges of every city, until the wrath of our God be turned away from us for this sin.Si scelgano da tutto il popolo dei capi: e con essi i seniori, e i giudici di ciascuna città: e tutti quelli delle città nostre, i quali avranno sposate donne straniere, vadan da loro ai tempi stabiliti, per sino a tanto che sia placata l'ira del nostro Dio avverso a noi per questo peccato.let there be princes appoynted in al the multitude: and let al in our cities that haue taken strangers to wife, come at sette tymes, and with them the ancientes by citie and citie, and the iudges therof, vntil the wrath of our God be turned away from vs for this sinne.constituantur principes in universa multitudine: et omnes in civitatibus nostris qui duxerunt uxores alienigenas veniant in temporibus statutis, et cum his seniores per civitatem et civitatem, et judices ejus, donec avertatur ira Dei nostri a nobis super peccato hoc.
15Then Jonathan the son of Azahel, and Jaasia the son of Thecua were appointed over this, and Mesollam and Sebethai, Levites, helped them:Furono adunque deputati a questo Jonathan figliuolo di Azaliel, e Jaasia, figliuolo di Thecue, e furono aiutati da Mesollam, e da Sebethai Leviti:Therfore Ionathan the sonne of Azahel, and Iaazia the sonne of Thecua were appoynted ouer this, and Mesollam and Sebethai Leuites did helpe them:Igitur Jonathan filius Azahel, et Jaasia filius Thecue, steterunt super hoc, et Messollam et Sebethai Levites adjuverunt eos: 16And the children of the captivity did so. And Esdras the priest, and the men heads of the families in the houses of their fathers, and all by their names, went and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.E i figliuoli della trasmigrazione fecero in quel modo. Ed Esdra Sacerdote, e i principi delle famiglie andarono, dove abitavano i capi di casa notati pe' loro nomi, e si posero a tribunale il dì primo del decimo mese per disaminare la cosa.and the children of the transmigration did so. And Esdras the Priest, and the men, princes of the families went into the houses of theyr fathers, and al by theyr names, and they sate in the first day of the tenth moneth to search out the matter.feceruntque sic filii transmigrationis. Et abierunt Esdras sacerdos, et viri principes familiarum, in domos patrum suorum, et omnes per nomina sua, et sederunt in die primo mensis decimi ut quærerent rem. 17And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.E fu compiuto il catalogo di quelli, che aveano sposate donne straniere il dì primo del primo mese.And al the men were fully counted that had taken strangers to wife, vnto the first day of the first mos neth.Et consummati sunt omnes viri, qui duxerant uxores alienigenas, usque ad diem primam mensis primi. 18And there were found among the sons of the priests that had taken strange wives: Of the sons of Josue the son of Josedec, and his brethren, Maasia, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Godolia.E de' figliuoli de' sacerdoti questi si trovarono, che aveano sposate donne straniere. De' figliuoli di Josuè, il figliuolo di Josedec, e i suoi fratelli, Maasia, ed Eliezer, e Jarib, e Godolia.And there were found of the sonnes of the Priestes that had taken strangers to wife. Of the children of Iosue the sonne of Iosedec, and his brethren, Maasia, and Eliezer, and Iarib, and Godolia.Et inventi sunt de filiis sacerdotum qui duxerant uxores alienigenas. De filiis Josue filii Josedec, et fratres ejus, Maasia, et Eliezer, et Jarib, et Godolia.
19And they gave their hands to put away their wives, and to offer for their offence a ram of the flock.E dieder la mano a mandar via le loro mogli, e ad offerire un ariete di branco pel loro delitto.And they gaue theyr handes to put away theyr wiues, and to offer for theyr offence a ramme of the flocke.Et dederunt manus suas ut ejicerent uxores suas, et pro delicto suo arietem de ovibus offerrent. 20And of the sons of Emmer, Hanani, and Zebedia.E de' figliuoli di Emmer, Hanani, e Zebedia.And of the children of Emmer, Hanani, and Zebedia.Et de filiis Emmer, Hanani, et Zebedia. 21And of the sons of Harim, Maasia, and Elia, and Semeia, and Jehiel, and Ozias.E de' figliuoli di Harim, Maasia, ed Elia, e Semeia e Jehiel, e Ozia.And of the children of Harim, Maasia, and Elia, and Semeia, and Iehiel, and Ozias.Et de filiis Harim, Maasia, et Elia, et Semeia, et Jehiel, et Ozias. 22And of the sons of Pheshur, Elioenai, Maasia, Ismael, Nathanael, Jozabed, and Elasa.E de' figliuoli di Pheshur. Elioenai, Maasia, Ismahel, Nathanael, Jozabed, ed Elasa.And of the children of Pheshur, Elionai, Maasia, Ismael, Nathanael, Iozabed, and Elasa. And of the children of the Leuites,Et de filiis Pheshur, Elioënai, Maasia, Ismaël, Nathanaël, Jozabed, et Elasa. 23And of the sons of the Levites, Jozabed, and Semei, and Celaia, the same is Calita, Phataia, Juda, and Eliezer.E de' figliuoli de' Leviti, Jozabed, e Semei, e Celaia, detto anche Calita, Phataia, Juda, ed Eliezer.Iozabed, and Semei, and Celaia, the same is Calita, Phataia, Iuda, and Eliezer.Et de filiis Levitarum, Jozabed, et Semei, et Celaia, ipse est Calita, Phataia, Juda, et Eliezer. 24And of the singing men, Elisiab: and of the porters, Sellum, and Telem, and Uri.E de' cantori Eliesib, e de' portinaj Sellum, e Telem, e Uri.And of the singing men Eliasib: and of the porters, Sellum, and Thelem, and Vri.Et de cantoribus, Eliasib. Et de janitoribus, Sellum, et Telem, et Uri. 25And of Israel, of the sons of Pharos, Remeia, and Jezia, and Melchia, and Miamin, and Eliezer, and Melchia, and Banea.E d'Israele, de' figliuoli di Pharos, Remeia e Jezia, e Melchia, e Miamin, ed Eliezer, e Melchia, e Banea.And of Israel, of the children of Pharos, Remeia, and Iezia, and Melchia, and Miamin, and Eliezer, and Melchia, and Banea. And of the children of Aelam,Et ex Israël, de filiis Pharos, Remeia, et Jesia, et Melchia, et Miamin, et Eliezer, et Melchia, et Banea. 26And of the sons of Elam, Mathania, Zacharias, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jerimoth, and Elia.E de' figliuoli di Elam, Mathania, e Zacharia, e Jehiel, e Abdi, e Jerimoth, ed Elia.Mathania, Zacharias, and Iehiel, and Abdi, and Ierimoth, and Elia.Et de filiis Ælam, Mathania, Zacharias, et Jehiel, et Abdi, et Jerimoth, et Elia.
27And of the sons of Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, Jerimuth, and Zabad, and Aziaza.E de' figliuoli di Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, e Jerimuth, e Zabad, e Aziza.And of the children of Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, Ierimuth, and Zabad, and Aziza. And of the children of Bebai,Et de filiis Zethua, Elioënai, Eliasib, Mathania, et Jerimuth, et Zabad, et Aziza. 28And of the sons of Babai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai:E de' figliuoli di Bebai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai.Iohanan, Hanamia, Zabbai, Athalai:Et de filiis Bebai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai. 29And of the sons of Bani, Mosollam, and Melluch, and Adaia, Jasub, and Saal, and Ramoth.E de' figliuoli di Bani, Mosollam, e Melluch, e Adaia, Jasub, e Saal, e Ramoth.And of the children of Bani, Mosollam, and Melluch, and Adaia, Iasub, and Saal, and Ramoth.Et de filiis Bani, Mosollam, et Melluch, et Adaia, Jasub, et Saal, et Ramoth. 30And of the sons of Phahath, Moab, Edna, and Chalal, Banaias, and Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, and Manasse.E de' figliuoli di Phahath-Moab, Edna, e Chalal, Benaia, e Maasia, Mathania, Beseleel, Bennui, e Manasse.And of the children of Phahath Moab, Edna and Chalal, Bananias, and Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, and Manasse.Et de filiis Phahath Moab, Edna, et Chalal, Banaias, et Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, et Manasse. 31And of the sons of Herem, Eliezer, Josue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon,E de' figliuoli di Herem, Eliezer, Josuè, Melchia, Semeia, Simeon,And of the children of Herem, Eliezer, Iosue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon,Et de filiis Herem, Eliezer, Josue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon, 32Benjamin, Maloch, Samarias.Beniamin, Maloch, Samarias.Beniamin, Maloch, Samarias.Benjamin, Maloch, Samarias. 33And of the sons of Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jermai, Manasse, Semei.E de' figliuoli di Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Elipheleth, Jermai, Manasse, Semei.And of the children of Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Iermai, Manasse, Semei.Et de filiis Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jermai, Manasse, Semei. 34Of the sons of Bani, Maaddi, Amram, and Uel,De' figliuoli di Bani, Maaddi, Amram, e Vel,Of the children of Bani, Maaddi, Amram, and Vel,De filiis Bani, Maadi, Amram, et Vel, 35Baneas, and Badaias, Cheliau,Banea, Badaia, Cheliau.Baneas, and Badaias, Chelia•,Baneas, et Badaias, Cheliau, 36Vania, Marimuth, and Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, ed Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, and Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, et Eliasib, 37Mathanias, Mathania, and Jasi,Mathania, Mathanai, e Jasi,Mathanias, Mathanai, and Iasi,Mathanias, Mathanai, et Jasi, 38And Bani, and Bennui, Semei,E Bani, e Bennui, e Semei,and Bani, and Bennui, Semei,et Bani, et Bennui, Semei, 39And Salmias, and Nathan, and Adaias,E Salmia, e Nathan, e Adaia,and Salmias, and Nathan, and Adaias,et Salmias, et Nathan, et Adaias, 40And Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,and Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,et Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai, 41Ezrel, and Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, and Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, et Selemiau, Semeria, 42Sellum, Amaria, Joseph.Sellum, Amaria, Joseph.Sellum, Amaria, Ioseph Of the childrenSellum, Amaria, Joseph.
43Of the sons of Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, and Joel, and Banaia.De' figliuoli di Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathia, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, e Joel, e Banaia.of Nebo, Iehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Ieddu, and Ioel. and Banaia.De filiis Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, et Joël, et Banaia. 44All these had taken strange wives, and there were among them women that had borne children.Tutti questi aveano sposate donne straniere, e di queste ve n'era, che avean partoriti de' figliuoli.Al these had taken strangers to wife, and there were of them that had borne children.Omnes hi acceperant uxores alienigenas, et fuerunt ex eis mulieres, quæ pepererant filios.
10:1
Year of the World 3538, Year before Christ 466.
God, in the court of the people, before the eastern gate.
10:2
Menochius
Sechenias. 3 Esdras calls him "Jechonias." See 1 Esdras 8:5. The name of Sechenias is not found among the transgressors; (ver. 20.) but that of Jehiel is, ver. 26. It seems, however, that the former returned with Esdras, and speaks in the name of the people, to encourage them to confess their guilt, (Calmet) unless his name be omitted. (Menochius)
Du Dieu
Repentance. Hebrew, "yet there is hope, (Protestants) or an assembly of Israel." (Du Dieu)
10:3
Covenant. The marrying with strange women seemed to have annulled the covenant of God.
Calmet
Of them. The children were to follow the mothers, as in other unlawful connections. Their being suffered to remain behind, might have had dangerous consequences. (Calmet)
Tirinus
The custom of divorcing was then in force, (Tirinus) and the Jews looked upon all as null, which was done contrary to the law; (Ven. Bede; Estius; Calmet; Grotius) though here the law was only prohibitory. (Cajetan) (Tirinus)
Haydock
As all was directed by the will of God, the dictates of humanity would not be disregarded (Calmet) on this trying occasion. (Haydock)
Tirinus
The children migth be placed in houses for education. (Cajetan) (Tirinus)
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Calmet
Thy part. The high priest not acting, (Menochius) Esdras was appointed chief, (Haydock) and his abilities were universally acknowledged. (Calmet)
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Haydock
Before. 3 Esdras, "the court or hall of the temple." (Haydock)
Menochius
Eliasib. His son and successor is styled Joiada, 2 Esdras 12:10. The same person had often many names, (Calmet) or Johanan might be a younger son. (Menochius)
Haydock
Josephus ([Antiquities?] 11:5.) says, that Esdras went to the apartments of John and Eliasib. (Haydock)
10:8
Away. Hebrew and Septuagint, "subjected to anathema," (Calmet) and utterly destroyed; (Haydock) or, according to some editions of the Septuagint and Josephus, "consecrated to the temple." Esdras exercises the power which had been entrusted to him, 1 Esdras 7:16.
10:9
Menochius
Ninth. Casleu, (Zacharias 7:1.) which corresponds with our November and December. (Menochius)
Calmet
Street. Court, which afforded as yet no shelter from the rain. (Calmet)
Worthington
This would tend to punish them for their sin, and to make them more sensible of it. (Worthington)
10:11
Menochius
Confession. Septuagint, "give praise;" which is done by repentance and virtue. (Menochius)
Calmet
Confess your faults, and submit to the justice of God, Josue 7:19. (Calmet)
10:14
Haydock
Cities. It is not clear whether the rulers went to the different cities, or the principal men of each gave information, and caused the guilty to appear before Esdras, at Jerusalem. (Haydock)
10:16
Calmet
So. Cajetan improperly concludes, that the sentence was not put in execution; because Nehemias (chap. 13:23.) complains of such marriages. (Calmet)
Haydock
But the guilty might have resumed their women. (Haydock)
Haydock
Went. Hebrew, "were separated." (Haydock)
By making a small change, we may translate, with 3 Esdras, "and Esdras separated or chose the men." Josephus seems generally to have followed the Greek of 3 Esdras. The Syriac says there were 20 judges.
10:19
Calmet
Hands. Thus the Persians confirmed their most solemn engagements. (Calmet)
10:25
Menochius
Israel. Laymen, (Calmet) not of the tribe of Levi. (Menochius)
10:30
Moab. The inhabitants of this town, as well as of Nebo, (ver. 43.) are specified.
10:44
Calmet
Children. Hebrew may be, "and some of these women had exposed their children." But most follow the Septuagint and Vulgate. 3 Esdras 9:36, "and they ejected them with their children." None was spared. (Calmet)
Worthington
One great inconvenience of such connections is, that the offspring is illegitimate. (Worthington)
Haydock
Only 17 priests, 10 Levites, and 86 laymen, are stigmatized as guilty of this scandal; yet these fill Israel with confusion, and Esdras with extreme affliction. (Haydock)
10:44
THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAS, WHICH IS CALLED THE SECOND OF ESDRAS
This Book takes its name from the writer, who was cupbearer to Artaxerxes (surnamed Longimanus) king of Persia, and was sent by him with a commission to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. It is also called the second book of Esdras; because it is a continuation of the history, begun by Esdras, of the state of the people of God after their return from captivity.
10:5
•Esdras being extraordinarily sent by God, to correct the people, repayreth to the high Priests sonne, by his authoritie calleth the people together and so procedeth to make reformation. •o S. Paus conferred with other Apostles. Gal. 2
10:9
Their sinne was punished by ouer much rayne. v. 13. And so affliction gaue them more feeling of their faultes.
10:44
Amongst other inconueniences of vnlawful mariages one is that children are borne illegitimate.
10:1
1. Sic ergo orante Esdra et implorante (Dei misericordiam), et flente, et jacente ante templum. — Fecit hoc Esdras, ut populum ad pænitentiam inveterati abusus ducendi alienigenas, sua oratione et fletu impelleret; ipse enim confitetur et deflet hic peccatum non suum, sed populi, ejusque personam et peccatum in se suscipit (æque ac fecit Christus, cujus Esdras hic est typus), ideoque publicam orationem instituit, cum gemitu et lacrymis prostratus in terram, et jacens ante templum, quasi indignum se existimans qui templum ingrederetur, ibique oraret; utque ante templum orans et plorans, ut habent Septuaginta, a toto populo circumfuso audiretur.
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2. Et nunc si est pœnitentia in Israel super hoc. — Hebræus et Septuaginta: Si est spes, scilicet Deum per pænitentiam placandi. « Pænitentia » enim est dolor de peccatis cum spe veniæ impetrandæ. Qui enim non habet spem veniæ non pœnitet, sed desperat instar Judæ. Quare pœnitentia includit spem remissionis peccati.
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3. Percutiamus fœdus cum Domino Deo nostro, ut projiciamus universas uxores (alienigenas), et eos qui de his nati (ne natorum intuitus et amor nos sollicitet ad revocandas eorum matres alienigenas. Verum cum hi sint filii nostri, impium et inhumanum foret eos omnino abjicere: quare abjiciamus eos non plane et absolute, sed) juxta voluntatem Domini, et præceptum eorum qui timent Dominum, — ut scilicet modum abjiciendi, quem viri sapientes et timentes Deum nobis præscripserint, exsequamur.
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5. Et juraverunt, — se uxores alienigenas absolute et omnino dimissuros; filios vero ex eis procreatos non absolute, sed juxta consilium Esdræ et sapientum Deum timentium a se ablegaturos. Sapientes autem hunc modum præscripserunt, ut filios a se et domo sua amandarent ad collegia et pædagogia ad hoc instituta et instituenda, ut in iis a viris prudentibus erudirentur in vera Dei fide, timore et cultu, ac in bonis moribus. Ita Cajetanus. Magna fuit hæc resolutio Judæorum, plane seria pœnitentia, et juramentum valde arduum. Jurant enim se uxores suas, quibus ardore magno tot annos agglutinati fuerant, quasque amabant ut viscera sua, abjecturos, ut Dei voluntati legique satisfaciant; idem facturos de prolibus, quos ut sua membra, imo ut vivas sui imagines, ac ut alteros se, utpote in quibus post mortem superstites futuri, et in hominum memoria continue victuri erant, abjecturos et spem posteritatis quasi succisuros, q. d. Malumus placere Deo, quam uxoribus et filiis nostris; malumus gratiam Dei, quam uxorum. Deum enim amamus supra omne amabile: quare ut ejus amori, religioni et legi obsequamur, illos a Deo nobis dilectos abdicabimus, et quasi membra nostra a nobis dissecabimus. Imitabimur Abraham patrem nostrum, qui unicum suum Isaac Deo immolare voluit. Nota: Nonnulli cum Bellarmino, lib. I De Matrimonio, cap. XXIII, censent hæc matrimonia Judæorum cum alienigenis fuisse irrita et nulla, eo quod lex Exod. XXXIV, et Deut. VII, vetans illa, videatur eadem pariter irritare et annullare. Probabilius Cajetanus et alii censent illa lege fuisse duntaxat vetita, non autem irrita. Lex enim nil tale exprimit, quod significet illa esse nulla. Dissolvit tamen ea Esdras, quia in lege connubia solvi poterant per libellum repudii Judæis permissum, ac proinde hoc casu debebant solvi, utpote contra legem inita, et vetita ob periculum idololatriæ.
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6. Et surrexit Esdras ante domum Dei, et abiit ad cubiculum Johanan filii Eliasib. — Hic « Eliasib » fuit Pontifex, ac filius Joacim. Hæc enim fuit series Pontificum illius ævi: Saraia occiso a Chaldæis successit filius Josedec, huic Jesus, huic Joacim, huic Eliasib, ut patet Nehem. XII, 22, videtur ergo Joacim jam fuisse mortuus, ut ei successerit Eliasib, uti asserit Josephus, lib. XI, cap. v, et Eusebius in Chron. Certe anno Artaxerxis vigesimo Eliasib fuisse Pontificem, liquet Nehem. cap. III, vers. 1.
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7. Et missa est vox in Juda, — q. d. Missus est præco qui sua voce omnes Judæos citaret, et convocaret in Jerusalem sub pœna excommunicationis et confiscationis bonorum, ut audirent mandatum Esdræ et principum de dimittendis uxoribus gentilitiis. Porro sub Juda et Benjamin intellige cæteros Israelitas, qui se tribui Judæ aggregarant sub Duce Zorobabele et Jesu Pontifice.
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9. Ipse est mensis nonus, vigesimo die mensis. — Nota: Hebræi utebantur mensibus non solaribus ut nos, sed lunaribus. Una enim lunatio sive unus lunæ per Zodiacum cursus, unum constituebat mensem. Porro primus mensis erat is cujus novilunium proximius erat æquinoctio verno, quod modo incidit sub diem 21 martii: tunc enim liberati fuerunt Hebræi ex Ægypto per primam celebrationem Paschæ et Agni Paschalis in mense primo. Primus hic mensis vocabatur Nisan, qui respondebat nostro partim martio, partim aprili. Vide dicta Exodi XII. Nonus ergo mensis, de quo hic, vocabatur Casleu, qui respondebat nostro partim novembri, partim decembri. Ordo enim mensium Hebræorum est hic: Nisan, Jiar, Sivan, Tammuz, Ab, Elul, Tisri, Marchesvan, Casleu, Tevet, Sabat, Adar. Ita Genebrardus in Calendario Hebræorum. Et sedit omnis populus in platea domus Dei, trementes pro peccato et pluviis, — q. d. Tremebant interius ex conscientia sceleris eos exagitante, quod scilicet uxores gentilitias duxissent, contra legem Dei: tremebant pariter exterius ob pluvias et frigora; erat enim november.
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11. Et nunc date confessionem Domino Deo. — Hebræus, Date תודה todhah, id est confessionem, laudem, gloriam, q. d. Pæniteat vos, ac confitemini Domino reatum peccati vestri, cum serio et efficaci satisfactionis et emendationis proposito, repudiandi scilicet uxores alienigenas. Hæc enim confessio et pœnitentia vestra valde Deum laudabit et glorificabit. Nam primo testabitur ipsum esse justum, vos vero peccatores; secundo, subdet vos Deo Deique voluntati et legi; tertio, abdicabit a vobis periculum idololatriæ; quarto, separabit vos quasi fideles et sanctos a contactu et contaminatione infidelium et immundorum. Vide dicta Josue VII, 19, ubi Josue ait ad Achan: « Fili, da gloriam Deo. »
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14. Constituantur principes, — qui exsequantur edictum jam editum, ac curent, ut singuli, qui uxores alienigenas duxerunt, eas dimittant. Hinc videtur edictum hoc exsecutioni mandatum fuisse, ac singulos partim sponte, partim coactos a principibus dimisisse uxores gentilitias; id enim factum esse expresse narrat Josephus, lib. XI, cap. v, ac lib. III Esdræ cap. IX, 36. Negat tamen hoc Cajetanus, aitque Esdram non prævaluisse, ut id posset exsequi ob multitudinem resistentium, qui uxoribus suis agglutinati erant, sed id perfecisse post decem annos Nehemiam, cap. XIII, 23: « In diebus, inquit, illis vidi Judæos ducentes uxores Azotidas, Ammonitidas, Moabitidas; et filii eorum ex media parte loquebantur Azotice, et nesciebant loqui Judaice, et loquebantur juxta linguam populi et populi. » Verum hic locus non convincit. Dici enim potest, estque valde probabile, Judæos post tot promissiones, juramenta, lacrymas et gemitus rediisse ad vomitum, ac easdem uxores alienigenas revocasse, vel alias similes duxisse. Nam diserte totus populus hoc loco consensit Esdræ in alienigenarum repudium, ut patet versu 12, ubi dicitur: « Et respondit universa populi multitudo, dixitque voce magna: Juxta verbum tuum ad nos (sicut locutus es et edixisti nobis) sic fiat. » Et consummati sunt (plane et plene numerati, annotati, et in catalogum redacti sunt) omnes viri, qui duxerunt uxores alienigenas. — Unde eorum nomina deinceps fuse recensentur etiam sacerdotum; quæ res indicat magnam fuisse tunc morum corruptionem, ut sacerdotes quoque pervaserit. Porro, « sicut populus, sic sacerdos, » ait Isaias cap. XXIV, vers. 2.
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44. Omnes hi acceperunt uxores alienigenas, et fuerunt ex illis mulieres quæ pepererant filios. — Pro « pepererant, » Hebraice est ישימו iasimu, id est posuerunt; quod nonnulli sic explicant, q. d. Mulieres nonnullæ alienigenæ filios suos, quos ex Judæis conceperant, exposuerunt arbitrio et voluntati judicum, ut ejicerent eos, aut retinerent. Verum hæc res non spectabat ad mulieres, sed ad maritos, et ad judices, qui hic cum viris, non cum uxoribus, rem et causam egerunt. Igitur mulieres ponere filios idem est quod parere filios, ut vertit Noster, Septuaginta, Vatablus et alii.
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LEVITI (EBR. LĒWĪ, PLUR. LĒWĪJĪM; GR. LĒWĪJĪ, PLUR. - AI)
… Esd. 2, 41-42; Neh. 7, 45, 56; cf. Esd. 8, 15-19) in confronto dei sacerdoti (ca. 4300; Esd. 2, 36-39), più accesi di spirito jahwistico e nazionalistico (ma anch'essi, come i L., in buon numero colpevoli di aver contratto matrimonio misto: Esd. 9, 1; 10, 5, 23). I L. tornati in parte si stabilirono a Gerusalemme (cf. l'episodio di Neh. 13, 10-11, 30), in parte andarono sparsi in altre città (ibid. 7, 72). Rimasero essenzialmente divisi …
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Avendo gli ebrei sostituito alla pena di morte richiesta dal hērem, quella della perdita dei beni e l'esclusione dalla società dei fedeli (Esd. 10, 8), si veniva formando dal tempo di Esdra il concetto di scomunica sinagogale; per cui nel Nuovo Testamento appaiono già coniati ἀποσυνάγωγος e ἀφορίζειν « essere espulso o separato …
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ASAEL (EBR. 'ĀŠĀH'ĒL, « DIO HA FATTO »)
Ugual nome portano nel Vecchio Testamento: un levita inviato dal re Josaphat per istruire il popolo nella legge divina (II Par. 17, 8); un levita posto a custodire le offerte al Tempio sotto Ezechia (ibid. 31, 13); il padre di Jonathan collaboratore di Esdra (Volgata Azahēl; Esd. 10, 15). Giuseppe Priero
7. Un compagno di Esdra nel viaggio verso Gerusalemme (Esd. 8, 16); egli cooperò alla verifica dei matrimoni con donne straniere (ibid. 10, 15).
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8. Sacerdote sposato ad una straniera al tempo di Esdra (ibid. 10, 19).
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… Un levita, figlio di Heman, capo della 18ª classe dei cantori (I Par. 25, 4-25). Un sacerdote, figlio di Emmer, che rimandò la donna straniera sposata in esilio (Esd. 10, 20). Un fratello di Neemia, cui questi affidò il governo di Gerusalemme (Neh. 1, 2; 7, 2). Un sacerdote, che partecipò alla consacrazione delle mura di Gerusalemme (Nah. 12, 55).
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IEHIEL (EBR. JĒHĪ'ĒL OPPURE JĒ'Ī'ĒL)
… Jēhī'ēl oppure Jē'ī'ēl). - Nome biblico abbastanza frequente, proprio di leviti, dei quali non si conosce altro (I Par. 5, 7; 9, 35; 15, 18.21; 16, 5; II Par. 35, 9; Esd. 8, 13; 10, 21.26); v. IAHIEL.
9. Sacerdote, che risultò ammogliato con una straniera (ibid. 10, 21).
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MELCHIA (EBR. MALKIJJAH[Ü] «MIO RE È JAHWEH»)
Altri personaggi omonimi, dei quali qualcuno potrebbe essere identificato con uno dei surricordati, ricorrono in I Par. 6,25; 9,12; 24,9; Esd. 10,25; Neh. 3,14. 31; 10,4; 11, 12; 12, 42. Angelo Penna
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1. Re di Giuda: v. SEDECIA. - 2-7. Sei giudei che rimandarono le straniere che avevano sposate (Esd. 10, 26 sg. 30.33.36 sg.). - 8. Famiglia levitica della stirpe di Asaph (I Par. 9, 15; II Par. 20, 14; 29, 13; Neh. 11, 17.22; 12, 8.35; 13, 13). - 9. Levita dei figli di Haman (I Par. …
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IOHANAN (EBR. JĒHĀHĀNĀN E JĀHĀNĀN «JAHWEH FA GRAZIA»)
i Giudei di Elefantina (Papiro Cowley 30). La stanza ebbe posteriormente il suo nome; al tempo di Esdra era un fanciullo (A. Fernandez, A. Médebielle [v. bibl.]). - 13. Giudeo che rimandò la moglie straniera (Esd. 10, 29). - 14. Figlio di Tobia ammonita, l'oppositore di Neemia (Neh. 6, 18). - 15. Capo della famiglia sacerdotale d'Amaria, sotto il pontificato di Ioacim, poco dopo il ritorno dall'esilio …
10:31
Altri personaggi dello stesso nome sono appena menzionati in I Par. 3, 22; 9, 16; Esd. 10, 31; Neh. 12, 34-36. Altrove (I Par. 4, 37; Neh. 3, 29; 6, 10) la Volgata preferisce la forma Samaia (v.) o Semaia. …
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MALCO (MÉLLYOC, MALCHUS, DAL SEMITICO MALK = «RE»)
Il nome M. corrisponde all'ebraico Mallükh (Volgata Maloch e Melluch), in I Par. 6, 29 (Volg. 44); Esd. 10, 32; Neh. 10, 4.27; 12, 2. Pietro De Ambroggi
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MATTANIA. - Nome di vari israeliti menzionati nella Bibbia (ebr.: Mattañāhu e Mattañāh; contratto Matnaj, in Esd. 10, 33, 37; Neh. 12, 19; « dono di Jahweh »).
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MATTATIA (EBR. MATTIÑĀH [Ä] « DONO DI JAHWEH »; SETTANTA MATTAÑĀH; VOLG. MATHATHIAS)
Portarono inoltre questo nome un levita, figlio di Sellum, discendente di Core (I Par. 9, 31; 15, 18; 16, 5), un figlio di Idithun (I Par. 25, 3, 21) e un sacerdote con moglie straniera al tempo di Esdra (Esd. 10, 43), distinto dall'omonimo di Neh. 8, 4. Angelo Penna
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.