Order is given for discharging strange women: the names of the guilty.
Esdras calling the people together commandeth them to dismisse the strange Wemen, which they haue married: 14 appointing officers to see it executed: 18 and reciteth those Which had married such wemen.
1Now when Esdras was thus praying, and beseeching, and weeping, and lying before the temple of God, there was gathered to him of Israel an exceeding great assembly of men and women and children, and the people wept with much lamentation.Mentre adunque Esdra orava, e supplicava, e piangeva prostrato dinanzi al tempio di Dio, si raunò attorno a lui una grandissima turba di uomini d'Israele, e di donne, e di fanciulli, e il popolo piangeva dirottamente.ESDRAS therfore thus praying, and beseeching, and weeping, and lying before the temple of God, there was gathered to him of Israel an exceeding great companie of men and wemen and children, and the people wept with much lamentation.Sic ergo orante Esdra, et implorante eo et flente, et jacente ante templum Dei, collectus est ad eum de Israël cœtus grandis nimis virorum et mulierum et puerorum, et flevit populus fletu multo. 2And Sechenias the son of Jehiel of the sons of Elam answered, and said to Esdras: We have sinned against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: and now if there be repentance in Israel concerning this,E Sechenia figliuolo di Jehiel de'figliuoli di Elam prese la parola, e disse ad Esdra: Noi abbiamo prevaricato contro il nostro Dio, e abbiamo sposate donne straniere di questi popoli del paese: ma se adesso Israele di ciò si pente.And Sechenias the sonne of Iehiel of the children of Aelam answered, and said to Esdras: We haue transgressed against our God, and haue taken to wiues strange wemen of the peoples of the land: and now if there be penance in Israel vpon this,Et respondit Sechenias filius Jehiel de filiis Ælam, et dixit Esdræ: Nos prævaricati sumus in Deum nostrum, et duximus uxores alienigenas de populis terræ: et nunc, si est pœnitentia in Israël super hoc, 3Let us make a covenant with the Lord our God, to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the will of the Lord, and of them that fear the commandment of the Lord our God: let it be done according to the law.Facciamo un patto col Signore Dio nostro di rigettare tutte queste donne, e i figliuoli nati da esse, facendo quello, che piacerà al Signore, e a quelli, che temono i comandi del Signore Dio nostro: facciasi quel, che porta la legge.let vs make a couenant with the Lord our God, to put away al the wiues, and them that are borne of them, according to the wil of our Lord, and of them that feare the precept of the Lord our God: be it done according to the law.percutiamus fœdus cum Domino Deo nostro, ut projiciamus universas uxores, et eos qui de his nati sunt, juxta voluntatem Domini, et eorum qui timent præceptum Domini Dei nostri: secundum legem fiat. 4Arise, it is thy part to give orders, and we will be with thee: take courage, and do it.Alzati, a te tocca di risolvere: e noi ti daremo la mano: fatti animo, e opera.Arise, it is thy part to discerne, and we wil be with thee: take courage, and doe it.Surge, tuum est decernere, nosque erimus tecum: confortare, et fac.
5So Esdras arose, and made the chiefs of the priests and of the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they would do according to this word, and they swore.Esdra allora si alzò, e invitò i principi de' sacerdoti, e de' Leviti, e tutto Israele a giurare di far, come era stato detto: ed ei giurarono.Esdras therefore rose vp, and adiured the Princes of the Priestes and of the Leuites, and al Israel, that they should doe according to this word, and they sware.Surrexit ergo Esdras, et adjuravit principes sacerdotum et Levitarum, et omnem Israël, ut facerent secundum verbum hoc: et juraverunt. 6And Esdras rose up from before the house of God, and went to the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliasib, and entered in thither: he ate no bread, and drank no water: for he mourned for the transgression of them that were come out of the captivity.Ed Esdra si levò dal cospetto della casa di Dio, e andò alla stanza di Johanan figliuolo di Eliasib; e dopo che vi fu entrato non mangiò pane, e non bevve acqua; perocché piangeva il peccato di quelli, che eran tornati dalla cattività.And Esdras rose vp before the house of God, and went to the chamber of Iohanan the sonne of Eliasib, and entered into it, he did eate no bread, and dranke no water: for he mourned for the transgression of them, that were come out of the captiuitie.Et surrexit Esdras ante domum Dei, et abiit ad cubiculum Johanan filii Eliasib, et ingressus est illuc: panem non comedit, et aquam non bibit: lugebat enim transgressionem eorum, qui venerant de captivitate. 7And proclamation was made in Juda and Jerusalem to all the children of the captivity, that they should assemble together into Jerusalem.E fu intimato in Giuda, e in Gerusalemme a tutti i figliuoli della trasmigrazione, che si adunassero in Gerusalemme:And there was a proclamation sent in Iuda and Ierusalem to al the children of the transmigration, that they should assemble together into Ierusalem.Et missa est vox in Juda et in Jerusalem omnibus filiis transmigrationis, ut congregarentur in Jerusalem: 8And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the ancients, all his substance should be taken away, and he should be cast out of the company of them that were returned from captivity.E che chiunque in termine di tre giorni non vi si trovasse, per sentenza de' principi, e de' seniori sarebbe confiscato tutto il suo avere, ed egli sarebbe rigettato dall'adunanza di quelli, che eran tornati dalla trasmigrazione.And euerie one that shal not come within three dayes, according to the counsel of the princes and ancientes, al his substance shal be taken away, and him selfe shal be cast out of the companie of the transmigration.et omnis qui non venerit in tribus diebus juxta consilium principum et seniorum, auferetur universa substantia ejus, et ipse abjicietur de cœtu transmigrationis.
9Then all the men of Juda, and Benjamin gathered themselves together to Jerusalem within three days, in the ninth month, the twentieth day of the month: and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of the sin, and the rain.Si adunarono pertanto dentro i tre giorni tutti gli uomini di Giuda, e di Benjamin a Gerusalemme nel nono mese ai venti del mese, e tutto il popolo si stava assiso sulla piazza della casa di Dio, tremante a causa del suo peccato, e delle gran piogge.There assembled therfore al the men of Iuda, and Beniamin into Ierufalem within three dayes, that is the ninth moneth, the twenteth day of the moneth: and al the people sate in the streate of the house of God, trembling for the sinne, and the rayne.Convenerunt igitur omnes viri Juda et Benjamin in Jerusalem tribus diebus: ipse est mensis nonus, vigesimo die mensis: et sedit omnis populus in platea domus Dei, trementes pro peccato, et pluviis. 10And Esdras the priest stood up, and said to them: You have transgressed, and taken strange wives, to add to the sins of Israel.Ed Esdra sacerdote alzatosi disse: Voi avete peccato, e avete sposate donne straniere, aggiungendo questo ai delitti d'Israele.And Esdas the Priest arose, and sayd to them: You haue transgressed, and taken strange wemen to wife, to adde vpon the sinne of Israel.Et surrexit Esdras sacerdos, et dixit ad eos: Vos transgressi estis, et duxistis uxores alienigenas, ut adderetis super delictum Israël. 11And now make confession to the Lord the God of your fathers, and do his pleasure, and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from your strange wives.Adesso adunque date gloria al Signore Dio de' padri vostri, e fate quello, che piace a lui, e separatevi dai popoli del paese, e dalle mogli straniere.And now geue confession to our Lord the God of your fathers, and doe his pleasure, and be separated from the peoples of the land, and from your wiues the strangers.Et nunc date confessionem Domino Deo patrum vestrorum, et facite placitum ejus, et separamini a populis terræ, et ab uxoribus alienigenis. 12And all the multitude answered and said with a loud voice: According to thy word unto us, so be it done.E tutta quanta la moltitudine rispose, e disse ad alta voce: Si faccia, come tu hai detto.And al the multitude answered, and sayd with a lowde voyce: According to thy word vnto vs, so be it done.Et respondit universa multitudo, dixitque voce magna: Juxta verbum tuum ad nos, sic fiat. 13But as the people are many, and it is time of rain, and we are not able to stand without, and it is not a work of one day or two, (for we have exceedingly sinned in this matter,)Ma perchè la turba è grande, e il tempo è piovoso, e non possiamo stare allo scoperto, e questo non è negozio di un giorno, né di due (perocché noi abbiam peccato grandemente in questa materia.)Neuerthelesse because there is much people, and a tyme of rayne, and we can not abyde to stand without, and it is not a worke of one day or two (for we haue excedingly sinned in this thing)Verumtamen quia populus multus est, et tempus pluviæ, et non sustinemus stare foris, et opus non est diei unius vel duorum (vehementer quippe peccavimus in sermone isto), 14Let rulers be appointed in all the multitude: and in all our cities, let them that have taken strange wives come at the times appointed, and with them the ancients and the judges of every city, until the wrath of our God be turned away from us for this sin.Si scelgano da tutto il popolo dei capi: e con essi i seniori, e i giudici di ciascuna città: e tutti quelli delle città nostre, i quali avranno sposate donne straniere, vadan da loro ai tempi stabiliti, per sino a tanto che sia placata l'ira del nostro Dio avverso a noi per questo peccato.let there be princes appoynted in al the multitude: and let al in our cities that haue taken strangers to wife, come at sette tymes, and with them the ancientes by citie and citie, and the iudges therof, vntil the wrath of our God be turned away from vs for this sinne.constituantur principes in universa multitudine: et omnes in civitatibus nostris qui duxerunt uxores alienigenas veniant in temporibus statutis, et cum his seniores per civitatem et civitatem, et judices ejus, donec avertatur ira Dei nostri a nobis super peccato hoc.
15Then Jonathan the son of Azahel, and Jaasia the son of Thecua were appointed over this, and Mesollam and Sebethai, Levites, helped them:Furono adunque deputati a questo Jonathan figliuolo di Azaliel, e Jaasia, figliuolo di Thecue, e furono aiutati da Mesollam, e da Sebethai Leviti:Therfore Ionathan the sonne of Azahel, and Iaazia the sonne of Thecua were appoynted ouer this, and Mesollam and Sebethai Leuites did helpe them:Igitur Jonathan filius Azahel, et Jaasia filius Thecue, steterunt super hoc, et Messollam et Sebethai Levites adjuverunt eos: 16And the children of the captivity did so. And Esdras the priest, and the men heads of the families in the houses of their fathers, and all by their names, went and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.E i figliuoli della trasmigrazione fecero in quel modo. Ed Esdra Sacerdote, e i principi delle famiglie andarono, dove abitavano i capi di casa notati pe' loro nomi, e si posero a tribunale il dì primo del decimo mese per disaminare la cosa.and the children of the transmigration did so. And Esdras the Priest, and the men, princes of the families went into the houses of theyr fathers, and al by theyr names, and they sate in the first day of the tenth moneth to search out the matter.feceruntque sic filii transmigrationis. Et abierunt Esdras sacerdos, et viri principes familiarum, in domos patrum suorum, et omnes per nomina sua, et sederunt in die primo mensis decimi ut quærerent rem. 17And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.E fu compiuto il catalogo di quelli, che aveano sposate donne straniere il dì primo del primo mese.And al the men were fully counted that had taken strangers to wife, vnto the first day of the first mos neth.Et consummati sunt omnes viri, qui duxerant uxores alienigenas, usque ad diem primam mensis primi. 18And there were found among the sons of the priests that had taken strange wives: Of the sons of Josue the son of Josedec, and his brethren, Maasia, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Godolia.E de' figliuoli de' sacerdoti questi si trovarono, che aveano sposate donne straniere. De' figliuoli di Josuè, il figliuolo di Josedec, e i suoi fratelli, Maasia, ed Eliezer, e Jarib, e Godolia.And there were found of the sonnes of the Priestes that had taken strangers to wife. Of the children of Iosue the sonne of Iosedec, and his brethren, Maasia, and Eliezer, and Iarib, and Godolia.Et inventi sunt de filiis sacerdotum qui duxerant uxores alienigenas. De filiis Josue filii Josedec, et fratres ejus, Maasia, et Eliezer, et Jarib, et Godolia.
19And they gave their hands to put away their wives, and to offer for their offence a ram of the flock.E dieder la mano a mandar via le loro mogli, e ad offerire un ariete di branco pel loro delitto.And they gaue theyr handes to put away theyr wiues, and to offer for theyr offence a ramme of the flocke.Et dederunt manus suas ut ejicerent uxores suas, et pro delicto suo arietem de ovibus offerrent. 20And of the sons of Emmer, Hanani, and Zebedia.E de' figliuoli di Emmer, Hanani, e Zebedia.And of the children of Emmer, Hanani, and Zebedia.Et de filiis Emmer, Hanani, et Zebedia. 21And of the sons of Harim, Maasia, and Elia, and Semeia, and Jehiel, and Ozias.E de' figliuoli di Harim, Maasia, ed Elia, e Semeia e Jehiel, e Ozia.And of the children of Harim, Maasia, and Elia, and Semeia, and Iehiel, and Ozias.Et de filiis Harim, Maasia, et Elia, et Semeia, et Jehiel, et Ozias. 22And of the sons of Pheshur, Elioenai, Maasia, Ismael, Nathanael, Jozabed, and Elasa.E de' figliuoli di Pheshur. Elioenai, Maasia, Ismahel, Nathanael, Jozabed, ed Elasa.And of the children of Pheshur, Elionai, Maasia, Ismael, Nathanael, Iozabed, and Elasa. And of the children of the Leuites,Et de filiis Pheshur, Elioënai, Maasia, Ismaël, Nathanaël, Jozabed, et Elasa. 23And of the sons of the Levites, Jozabed, and Semei, and Celaia, the same is Calita, Phataia, Juda, and Eliezer.E de' figliuoli de' Leviti, Jozabed, e Semei, e Celaia, detto anche Calita, Phataia, Juda, ed Eliezer.Iozabed, and Semei, and Celaia, the same is Calita, Phataia, Iuda, and Eliezer.Et de filiis Levitarum, Jozabed, et Semei, et Celaia, ipse est Calita, Phataia, Juda, et Eliezer. 24And of the singing men, Elisiab: and of the porters, Sellum, and Telem, and Uri.E de' cantori Eliesib, e de' portinaj Sellum, e Telem, e Uri.And of the singing men Eliasib: and of the porters, Sellum, and Thelem, and Vri.Et de cantoribus, Eliasib. Et de janitoribus, Sellum, et Telem, et Uri. 25And of Israel, of the sons of Pharos, Remeia, and Jezia, and Melchia, and Miamin, and Eliezer, and Melchia, and Banea.E d'Israele, de' figliuoli di Pharos, Remeia e Jezia, e Melchia, e Miamin, ed Eliezer, e Melchia, e Banea.And of Israel, of the children of Pharos, Remeia, and Iezia, and Melchia, and Miamin, and Eliezer, and Melchia, and Banea. And of the children of Aelam,Et ex Israël, de filiis Pharos, Remeia, et Jesia, et Melchia, et Miamin, et Eliezer, et Melchia, et Banea. 26And of the sons of Elam, Mathania, Zacharias, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jerimoth, and Elia.E de' figliuoli di Elam, Mathania, e Zacharia, e Jehiel, e Abdi, e Jerimoth, ed Elia.Mathania, Zacharias, and Iehiel, and Abdi, and Ierimoth, and Elia.Et de filiis Ælam, Mathania, Zacharias, et Jehiel, et Abdi, et Jerimoth, et Elia.
27And of the sons of Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, Jerimuth, and Zabad, and Aziaza.E de' figliuoli di Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, e Jerimuth, e Zabad, e Aziza.And of the children of Zethua, Elioenai, Eliasib, Mathania, Ierimuth, and Zabad, and Aziza. And of the children of Bebai,Et de filiis Zethua, Elioënai, Eliasib, Mathania, et Jerimuth, et Zabad, et Aziza. 28And of the sons of Babai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai:E de' figliuoli di Bebai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai.Iohanan, Hanamia, Zabbai, Athalai:Et de filiis Bebai, Johanan, Hanania, Zabbai, Athalai. 29And of the sons of Bani, Mosollam, and Melluch, and Adaia, Jasub, and Saal, and Ramoth.E de' figliuoli di Bani, Mosollam, e Melluch, e Adaia, Jasub, e Saal, e Ramoth.And of the children of Bani, Mosollam, and Melluch, and Adaia, Iasub, and Saal, and Ramoth.Et de filiis Bani, Mosollam, et Melluch, et Adaia, Jasub, et Saal, et Ramoth. 30And of the sons of Phahath, Moab, Edna, and Chalal, Banaias, and Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, and Manasse.E de' figliuoli di Phahath-Moab, Edna, e Chalal, Benaia, e Maasia, Mathania, Beseleel, Bennui, e Manasse.And of the children of Phahath Moab, Edna and Chalal, Bananias, and Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, and Manasse.Et de filiis Phahath Moab, Edna, et Chalal, Banaias, et Maasias, Mathanias, Beseleel, Bennui, et Manasse. 31And of the sons of Herem, Eliezer, Josue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon,E de' figliuoli di Herem, Eliezer, Josuè, Melchia, Semeia, Simeon,And of the children of Herem, Eliezer, Iosue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon,Et de filiis Herem, Eliezer, Josue, Melchias, Semeias, Simeon, 32Benjamin, Maloch, Samarias.Beniamin, Maloch, Samarias.Beniamin, Maloch, Samarias.Benjamin, Maloch, Samarias. 33And of the sons of Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jermai, Manasse, Semei.E de' figliuoli di Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Elipheleth, Jermai, Manasse, Semei.And of the children of Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Iermai, Manasse, Semei.Et de filiis Hasom, Mathanai, Mathatha, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jermai, Manasse, Semei. 34Of the sons of Bani, Maaddi, Amram, and Uel,De' figliuoli di Bani, Maaddi, Amram, e Vel,Of the children of Bani, Maaddi, Amram, and Vel,De filiis Bani, Maadi, Amram, et Vel, 35Baneas, and Badaias, Cheliau,Banea, Badaia, Cheliau.Baneas, and Badaias, Chelia•,Baneas, et Badaias, Cheliau, 36Vania, Marimuth, and Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, ed Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, and Eliasib,Vania, Marimuth, et Eliasib, 37Mathanias, Mathania, and Jasi,Mathania, Mathanai, e Jasi,Mathanias, Mathanai, and Iasi,Mathanias, Mathanai, et Jasi, 38And Bani, and Bennui, Semei,E Bani, e Bennui, e Semei,and Bani, and Bennui, Semei,et Bani, et Bennui, Semei, 39And Salmias, and Nathan, and Adaias,E Salmia, e Nathan, e Adaia,and Salmias, and Nathan, and Adaias,et Salmias, et Nathan, et Adaias, 40And Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,and Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai,et Mechnedebai, Sisai, Sarai, 41Ezrel, and Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, and Selemiau, Semeria,Ezrel, et Selemiau, Semeria, 42Sellum, Amaria, Joseph.Sellum, Amaria, Joseph.Sellum, Amaria, Ioseph Of the childrenSellum, Amaria, Joseph.
43Of the sons of Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, and Joel, and Banaia.De' figliuoli di Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathia, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, e Joel, e Banaia.of Nebo, Iehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Ieddu, and Ioel. and Banaia.De filiis Nebo, Jehiel, Mathathias, Zabad, Zabina, Jeddu, et Joël, et Banaia. 44All these had taken strange wives, and there were among them women that had borne children.Tutti questi aveano sposate donne straniere, e di queste ve n'era, che avean partoriti de' figliuoli.Al these had taken strangers to wife, and there were of them that had borne children.Omnes hi acceperant uxores alienigenas, et fuerunt ex eis mulieres, quæ pepererant filios.
10:1
Year of the World 3538, Year before Christ 466.
God, in the court of the people, before the eastern gate.
10:2
Menochius
Sechenias. 3 Esdras calls him "Jechonias." See 1 Esdras 8:5. The name of Sechenias is not found among the transgressors; (ver. 20.) but that of Jehiel is, ver. 26. It seems, however, that the former returned with Esdras, and speaks in the name of the people, to encourage them to confess their guilt, (Calmet) unless his name be omitted. (Menochius)
Du Dieu
Repentance. Hebrew, "yet there is hope, (Protestants) or an assembly of Israel." (Du Dieu)
10:3
Covenant. The marrying with strange women seemed to have annulled the covenant of God.
Calmet
Of them. The children were to follow the mothers, as in other unlawful connections. Their being suffered to remain behind, might have had dangerous consequences. (Calmet)
Tirinus
The custom of divorcing was then in force, (Tirinus) and the Jews looked upon all as null, which was done contrary to the law; (Ven. Bede; Estius; Calmet; Grotius) though here the law was only prohibitory. (Cajetan) (Tirinus)
Haydock
As all was directed by the will of God, the dictates of humanity would not be disregarded (Calmet) on this trying occasion. (Haydock)
Tirinus
The children migth be placed in houses for education. (Cajetan) (Tirinus)
10:4
Calmet
Thy part. The high priest not acting, (Menochius) Esdras was appointed chief, (Haydock) and his abilities were universally acknowledged. (Calmet)
10:6
Haydock
Before. 3 Esdras, "the court or hall of the temple." (Haydock)
Menochius
Eliasib. His son and successor is styled Joiada, 2 Esdras 12:10. The same person had often many names, (Calmet) or Johanan might be a younger son. (Menochius)
Haydock
Josephus ([Antiquities?] 11:5.) says, that Esdras went to the apartments of John and Eliasib. (Haydock)
10:8
Away. Hebrew and Septuagint, "subjected to anathema," (Calmet) and utterly destroyed; (Haydock) or, according to some editions of the Septuagint and Josephus, "consecrated to the temple." Esdras exercises the power which had been entrusted to him, 1 Esdras 7:16.
10:9
Menochius
Ninth. Casleu, (Zacharias 7:1.) which corresponds with our November and December. (Menochius)
Calmet
Street. Court, which afforded as yet no shelter from the rain. (Calmet)
Worthington
This would tend to punish them for their sin, and to make them more sensible of it. (Worthington)
10:11
Menochius
Confession. Septuagint, "give praise;" which is done by repentance and virtue. (Menochius)
Calmet
Confess your faults, and submit to the justice of God, Josue 7:19. (Calmet)
10:14
Haydock
Cities. It is not clear whether the rulers went to the different cities, or the principal men of each gave information, and caused the guilty to appear before Esdras, at Jerusalem. (Haydock)
10:16
Calmet
So. Cajetan improperly concludes, that the sentence was not put in execution; because Nehemias (chap. 13:23.) complains of such marriages. (Calmet)
Haydock
But the guilty might have resumed their women. (Haydock)
Haydock
Went. Hebrew, "were separated." (Haydock)
By making a small change, we may translate, with 3 Esdras, "and Esdras separated or chose the men." Josephus seems generally to have followed the Greek of 3 Esdras. The Syriac says there were 20 judges.
10:19
Calmet
Hands. Thus the Persians confirmed their most solemn engagements. (Calmet)
10:25
Menochius
Israel. Laymen, (Calmet) not of the tribe of Levi. (Menochius)
10:30
Moab. The inhabitants of this town, as well as of Nebo, (ver. 43.) are specified.
10:44
Calmet
Children. Hebrew may be, "and some of these women had exposed their children." But most follow the Septuagint and Vulgate. 3 Esdras 9:36, "and they ejected them with their children." None was spared. (Calmet)
Worthington
One great inconvenience of such connections is, that the offspring is illegitimate. (Worthington)
Haydock
Only 17 priests, 10 Levites, and 86 laymen, are stigmatized as guilty of this scandal; yet these fill Israel with confusion, and Esdras with extreme affliction. (Haydock)
10:44
THE BOOK OF NEHEMIAS, WHICH IS CALLED THE SECOND OF ESDRAS
This Book takes its name from the writer, who was cupbearer to Artaxerxes (surnamed Longimanus) king of Persia, and was sent by him with a commission to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. It is also called the second book of Esdras; because it is a continuation of the history, begun by Esdras, of the state of the people of God after their return from captivity.
10:5
•Esdras being extraordinarily sent by God, to correct the people, repayreth to the high Priests sonne, by his authoritie calleth the people together and so procedeth to make reformation. •o S. Paus conferred with other Apostles. Gal. 2
10:9
Their sinne was punished by ouer much rayne. v. 13. And so affliction gaue them more feeling of their faultes.
10:44
Amongst other inconueniences of vnlawful mariages one is that children are borne illegitimate.
10:1
1. Thus therefore Ezra praying and beseeching (God's mercy), and weeping, and lying before the temple. — Ezra did this, that by his prayer and weeping he might impel the people to repentance for the inveterate abuse of taking foreign wives; for he himself confesses and bewails here not his own sin, but that of the people, and takes upon himself their person and sin (just as Christ did, of whom Ezra is here a type), and therefore he institutes a public prayer, with groaning and tears prostrate on the ground, and lying before the temple, as if deeming himself unworthy to enter the temple and pray there; and that praying and weeping before the temple, as the Septuagint has it, he might be heard by all the people gathered around.
10:2
2. And now if there is repentance in Israel concerning this. — The Hebrew and Septuagint: If there is hope, namely of appeasing God through repentance. For "repentance" is sorrow for sins with hope of obtaining pardon. For he who has no hope of pardon does not repent, but despairs like Judas. Wherefore repentance includes hope of remission of sin.
10:3
3. Let us make a covenant with the Lord our God, that we may cast away all foreign wives (and those born of them (lest the sight and love of the offspring should move us to recall their foreign mothers. But since these are our sons, it would be impious and inhuman to cast them away entirely: wherefore let us cast them away not completely and absolutely, but) according to the will of the Lord, and the command of those who fear the Lord, — that is, that we may carry out the manner of casting away which wise men and those fearing God shall prescribe to us.
10:5
5. And they swore, — that they would put away foreign wives completely and entirely; but the sons born of them not completely, but according to the counsel of Ezra and the wise men fearing God they would send away from themselves. But the wise men prescribed this manner, that they should send the sons from themselves and their house to colleges and schools instituted and to be instituted for this purpose, that in them they might be instructed by prudent men in the true faith, fear and worship of God, and in good morals. Thus Cajetan. Great was this resolution of the Jews, truly serious repentance, and a most difficult oath. For they swear that they will cast away their wives, to whom they had clung with great ardor for so many years, and whom they loved as their own flesh, in order to satisfy God's will and law; they will do the same concerning their offspring, whom as their own members, nay as living images of themselves, and as other selves, inasmuch as in them after death they would survive, and in the memory of men would live continually, they will cast away and cut off the hope of posterity, as if to say: We prefer to please God rather than our wives and sons; we prefer God's grace to that of our wives. For we love God above all that is lovable: wherefore in order to obey His love, religion and law, we will disown those beloved by God, and as it were cut off members of ourselves from ourselves. We will imitate Abraham our father, who wished to offer his only son Isaac to God. Note: Some with Bellarmine, lib. I On Matrimony, cap. XXIII, hold that these marriages of the Jews with foreigners were invalid and null, because the law of Exod. XXXIV, and Deut. VII, forbidding them, seems likewise to invalidate and annul them. More probably Cajetan and others hold that they were forbidden by that law only, but not made invalid. For the law expresses nothing of the sort that would signify they were null. Yet Ezra dissolved them, because by the law marriages could be dissolved by a bill of divorce permitted to the Jews, and therefore in this case they ought to be dissolved, as having been entered into against the law, and forbidden on account of the danger of idolatry.
10:6
6. And Ezra rose up before the house of God, and went to the chamber of Johanan son of Eliasib. — This "Eliasib" was the High Priest, and son of Joacim. For this was the succession of the High Priests of that age: Saraia being slain by the Chaldeans was succeeded by his son Josedec, to him Jesus, to him Joacim, to him Eliasib, as appears in Nehem. XII, 22, it seems therefore that Joacim was already dead, so that Eliasib succeeded him, as Josephus asserts, lib. XI, cap. v, and Eusebius in the Chronicle. Certainly in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes Eliasib was High Priest, as is clear from Nehem. cap. III, vers. 1.
10:7
7. And a proclamation was made in Judah, — that is, A herald was sent who by his voice would summon and convoke all the Jews in Jerusalem under penalty of excommunication and confiscation of goods, that they might hear the command of Ezra and the princes concerning putting away gentile wives. Moreover, by Judah and Benjamin understand the other Israelites, who had attached themselves to the tribe of Judah under the leader Zerubbabel and Jesus the High Priest.
10:9
9. This is the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month. — Note: The Hebrews used months that were not solar like ours, but lunar. For one lunation, or one course of the moon through the Zodiac, constituted one month. Moreover, the first month was that whose new moon was nearest to the vernal equinox, which now falls about the 21st of March: for then the Hebrews were freed from Egypt through the first celebration of the Passover and the Paschal Lamb in the first month. This first month was called Nisan, which corresponded partly to our March, partly to April. See the words of Exodus XII. The ninth month, therefore, of which we speak here, was called Casleu, which corresponded partly to our November, partly to December. The order of the Hebrew months is this: Nisan, Jiar, Sivan, Tammuz, Ab, Elul, Tisri, Marchesvan, Casleu, Tevet, Sabat, Adar. Thus Genebrardus in the Calendar of the Hebrews. And all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling for sin and rains, — that is to say, They trembled inwardly from the consciousness of crime agitating them, namely that they had taken gentile wives, contrary to the law of God: they trembled likewise outwardly on account of rains and cold; for it was November.
10:11
11. And now give confession to the Lord God. — The Hebrew is, Give תודה todhah, that is confession, praise, glory, that is to say, Repent, and confess to the Lord the guilt of your sin, with serious and efficacious purpose of satisfaction and amendment, namely by putting away foreign wives. For this confession and penance of yours will greatly praise and glorify God. For first it will testify that He is just, and you are sinners; second, it will subject you to God and to God's will and law; third, it will avert from you the danger of idolatry; fourth, it will separate you as faithful and holy from the contact and contamination of the unfaithful and unclean. See the words of Joshua VII, 19, where Joshua says to Achan: "My son, give glory to God."
10:14
14. Let princes be appointed, — who shall execute the edict already issued, and shall take care that each one who has taken a foreign wife shall put her away. Hence it appears that this edict was committed to execution, and each one, partly willingly, partly compelled by the princes, put away foreign wives; for this is expressly narrated to have been done by Josephus, lib. XI, cap. v, and lib. III of Esdras cap. IX, 36. However, Cajetan denies this, and says that Esdras did not prevail so as to be able to execute it on account of the multitude of those resisting, who were glued to their wives, but that Nehemiah accomplished this after ten years, cap. XIII, 23: "In those days, he says, I saw Jews taking Azotide wives, Ammonite wives, Moabite wives; and their children spoke half in the Azotide tongue, and knew not how to speak the Jewish language, and spoke according to the language of this people and that people." But this passage does not convince. For it can be said, and is very probable, that the Jews after so many promises, oaths, tears and groans returned to their vomit, and recalled the same foreign wives, or took others like them. For the whole people expressly consented to Esdras in the repudiation of foreign women, as is clear from verse 12, where it is said: "And all the multitude of the people answered, and said with a loud voice: According to thy word unto us (as thou hast spoken and commanded us) so let it be done." And all the men who had taken foreign wives were completed (plainly and fully numbered, noted, and reduced to a catalogue). — Whence their names are afterwards extensively recounted, even of the priests; which thing indicates that there was then great corruption of morals, so that it pervaded even the priests. Moreover, "as the people, so the priest," says Isaiah cap. XXIV, verse 2.
10:44
44. All these took foreign wives, and there were among them women who had borne sons. — For "had borne," in Hebrew it is ישימו iasimu, that is, they put; which some explain thus, that is to say, Some foreign women put their sons, whom they had conceived from Jews, at the discretion and will of the judges, so that they might cast them out or retain them. But this matter did not pertain to the women, but to the husbands, and to the judges, who here dealt with the men, not with the wives, in the matter and cause. Therefore for women to put sons is the same as to bear sons, as Our Version, the Septuagint, Vatable and others translate it.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
10:5
Levites (Heb. Lēwī, pl. Lēwījīm; Gr. Lēwījī, pl. -ai)
… 2:41-42; Neh. 7:45, 56; cf. Esd. 8:15-19) in comparison with the priests (ca. 4,300; Esd. 2:36-39), more ardent in Yahwistic and nationalistic spirit (but they too, like the Levites, were in good number guilty of having contracted mixed marriage: Esd. 9:1; 10:5, 23). The Levites who returned settled in part in Jerusalem (cf. the episode of Neh. 13:10-11, 30), and in part scattered to other cities (ibid. 7:72). They remained essentially divided …
10:6
… The high priest Jēhōhānān is the Jōhānān contemporary of Ezra (Esd. 10, 6) and his contemporaneity with Bagoas, peḥāh of Jerusalem, is attested by Flavius Josephus in Antiq. …
(Ezra 10:6), is identical with the high priest Johanan, grandson of Eliashib (Neh. 12:10 ff.); perhaps he is the son of the priest Eliashib, who was in charge of the treasury chamber (Neh. 13:4). …
Johanan (HEB. JĒHĀHĀNĀN AND JĀHĀNĀN "JAHWEH IS GRACIOUS")
12. Priest or Levite, son of Eliashib, in whose chamber at the Temple the sorrowful Ezra took refuge (Ezra 10:6). Perhaps he is the same I., grandson of Eliashib (Neh. 1:10 ff., 22 ff.), high priest in 410, to whom the Jews of Elephantine vainly appealed (Cowley Papyrus 30). The chamber later …
10:8
Since the Jews had substituted for the death penalty required by the hērem that of the loss of goods and exclusion from the society of the faithful (Ezra 10:8), the concept of synagogal excommunication was being formed from the time of Ezra; hence in the New Testament ἀποσυνάγωγος and ἀφορίζειν "to be expelled or separated from the synagogue" …
10:15
Asahel (Hebrew 'Āšāh'ēl, "God has made")
The same name is borne in the Old Testament by: a Levite sent by King Jehoshaphat to instruct the people in the divine law (II Chron. 17, 8); a Levite appointed to guard the offerings at the Temple under Hezekiah (ibid. 31, 13); the father of Jonathan, a collaborator of Ezra (Vulgate Azahēl; Ezra 10, 15). Giuseppe Priero
Jonathan (Heb. Jēhōnāthān and Jōnāthān; Vulgate I. and Ionathas)
… leader, probably due to a copyist's error; he is missing in II Kings 25:23, in the Greek and in the Targum. 10. Jew of the stock of Jerahmeel (I Chron. 2:32 ff.). 11. Head of a family among those returning from Babylon (Ezra 8:6). 12. Companion of Ezra (Ezra 10:15). 13. High priest, between Joiada and Jeddah (Neh. 12:11). Flavius Josephus names only 'Ιωάννης between the two (Antiq. …
7. A companion of Ezra on the journey to Jerusalem (Ezra 8:16); he cooperated in the examination of marriages with foreign women (ibid. 10:15).
10:18
… Artaxerxes, and the religious restoration (Ezra 7-10); the rebuilding of the city walls by Nehemiah amid much opposition (Neh. 1-6) and the political and religious organization of the Jewish community (Neh. 7-13). Various catalogues (Ezra 2:1-70; 8:1-20; 10:18-44; Neh. 3:1-31; 7:6-69; 10:1-27; 11:4-12:25) list the families that returned, the rebuilders of the walls, and the signatories of the renewed covenant.
10:19
8. A priest married to a foreign woman in the time of Ezra (ibid. 10:19).
10:20
… A Levite, son of Heman, head of the 18th class of singers (I Chron. 25, 4-25). A priest, son of Immer, who sent back the foreign woman married in exile (Ezra 10, 20). A brother of Nehemiah, to whom the latter entrusted the government of Jerusalem (Neh. 1, 2; 7, 2). A priest, who took part in the dedication of the walls of Jerusalem (Neh. 12, 55).
10:21
Jehiel (Hebrew Jēhī'ēl or Jē'ī'ēl)
JEHIEL (Hebrew Jēhī'ēl or Jē'ī'ēl). - A fairly frequent biblical name, borne by Levites of whom nothing else is known (1 Chron. 5:7; 9:35; 15:18, 21; 16:5; 2 Chron. 35:9; Ezra 8:13; 10:21, 26); v. IAHIEL.
9. Priest, who turned out to be married to a foreign woman (ibid. 10:21).
10:24
Five other Israelites of this name occur in 1 Chron. 3:24 (the Vulgate has here Elianib); 24:12; Ezra 10:24, 27, 36. Angelo Penna
10:25
Melchia (Heb. Malkijjah[ū] «My King is Yahweh»)
Other figures of the same name, one of whom could be identified with one of those mentioned above, occur in 1 Chron. 6:25; 9:12; 24:9; Ezra 10:25; Neh. 3:14, 31; 10:4; 11:12; 12:42. Angelo Penna
10:26
1. King of Judah: v. ZEDEKIAH. - 2-7. Six Jews who sent away the foreign women they had married (Ezra 10:26 ff., 30, 33, 36 ff.). - 8. Levitical family of the stock of Asaph (I Chron. 9:15; II Chron. 20:14; 29:13; Neh. 11:17, 22; 12:8, 35; 13:13). - 9. Levite of the sons of Haman (I Chron. …
Zacharias (Heb. Zēhharjâh « Yahweh has remembered »)
… The name also occurs in Ezra 8:3, 11; 10:26; Neh. 11:4; Is. 8:2; I Macc. 5:18, 56. Angelo Penna
10:29
Johanan (HEB. JĒHĀHĀNĀN AND JĀHĀNĀN "JAHWEH IS GRACIOUS")
… 22 ff.), high priest in 410, to whom the Jews of Elephantine vainly appealed (Cowley Papyrus 30). The chamber later bore his name; in the time of Ezra he was a child (A. Fernandez, A. Médebielle [v. bibl.]). - 13. A Jew who sent away his foreign wife (Ezra 10:29). - 14. Son of Tobiah the Ammonite, the opponent of Nehemiah (Neh. 6:18). - 15. Head of the priestly family of Amariah, under the pontificate of Jehoiakim, shortly after the return …
10:31
Other figures of the same name are barely mentioned in 1 Chron. 3:22; 9:16; Ezra 10:31; Neh. 12:34-36. Elsewhere (1 Chron. 4:37; Neh. 3:29; 6:10) the Vulgate prefers the form Samaia (v.) or Semaia. …
Simeon (Heb. Šim'ôn; Gr. Symzōn)
The name of S. was also borne by a citizen of Jerusalem of the time of Ezra (Ezra 10:31) and by a priest, ancestor of the Maccabees (1 Macc. 2:1). Giovanni Rinaldi
10:32
Malchus (Mellyoc, Malchus, from Semitic Malk = "King")
The name M. corresponds to the Hebrew Mallükh (Vulgate Maloch and Melluch), in 1 Chron. 6:29 (Vulg. 44); Ezra 10:32; Neh. 10:4, 27; 12:2. Pietro De Ambroggi
10:33
MATHANIA. - Name of various Israelites mentioned in the Bible (Heb.: Mattañāhu and Mattañāh; contracted Matnaj, in Ezra 10:33, 37; Neh. 12:19; "gift of Yahweh").
10:39
Nathan (Hebr. Nāthān «[God] Has Given»)
… traces His descent to David in the genealogy of Luke (Lk. 3:31); the father (or brother?) of one of David's warriors (II Sam. 23:36; I Chron. 11:38); an envoy of Ezra (Ezra 8:16); a post-exilic priest who had taken a foreign woman as his wife (Ezra 10:39).
10:43
Joel (Heb. Jā'el "Yahweh is God"; Vulg.: Ioel and Iohel)
… of Gershon (ibid. 15:7, 11; 23:8; 26:22). - 9. Head of the half-tribe of Manasseh, on this side of the Jordan, under David (ibid. 27:20). - 10. A Levite of the stock of Kohath, in the time of Hezekiah (2 Chron. 29:12). - 11. A Jew with a foreign wife (Ezra 10:43). - 12. A Benjaminite among those who settled in Jerusalem (Neh. 11:9).
Mathathias (Hebrew Mattiñāh [ä] "Gift of Yahweh"; Septuagint Mattanāh; Vulgate Mathathias)
Furthermore, this name was borne by a Levite, son of Shallum, a descendant of Korah (1 Chron. 9:31; 15:18; 16:5), a son of Jeduthun (1 Chron. 25:3, 21) and a priest with a foreign wife in the time of Ezra (Ezra 10:43), distinct from the namesake of Neh. 8:4. Angelo Penna
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.