Demetrius hauing taken certaine holdes from Antiochus, 3. Alcimus lately deposed from the office of high priest, 6. accuseth good men of disloyaltie, 11. others also incense Demetrius. 12. Wherupon Nicanor being sent into Iurie, maketh Alcimus againe highpriest: 18. hath peace with Iudas, conuersing with him most familiarly. 26. But by Alcimus suggestion, seeketh to deliuer him into the king handes: 30. otherwise threatneth to prophane the temple. 34. The priestes pray God to protect them. 37. Razias being accused, and pursued, 41. in extreme distresse killeth himself with meruelous corege of spirite.
1But after the space of three years Judas, and they that were with him, understood that Demetrius, the son of Seleucus, was come up with a great power, and a navy by the haven of Tripolis, to places proper for his purpose,Ma di lì a tre anni Giuda, e i suoi intesero come Demetrio figliuolo di Seleuco con grosso esercito, e con molte navi sbarcato al porto di Tripoli era andato ad occupare dei posti importanti.BVT after the space of three yeares Iudas vnderstood, and they that were with him, that Demetrius the sonne of Seleucus with a strong multitude, and with shippes was come vp by the port of Tripolis to commodious places,Sed post triennii tempus, cognovit Judas et qui cum eo erant Demetrium Seleuci cum multitudine valida et navibus per portam Tripolis ascendisse ad loca opportuna, 2And had made himself master of the countries against Antiochus, and his general, Lysias.E aveva occupate varie regioni a dispetto di Antioco, e di Lisia.and held the countries against Antiochus, and his gouernor Lysias.et tenuisse regiones adversus Antiochum, et ducem ejus Lysiam. 3Now one Alcimus, who had been chief priest, but had wilfully defiled himself in the time of mingling with the heathens, seeing that there was no safety for him, nor access to the altar,Ma un certo Alcimo, che era state sommo Sacerdote, ma volontariamente si era contaminato nei tempi della confusione, considerando non esservi più salute per lui, né accesso all'altare,And one Alcimus that had bene highpriest, but voluntarily was contaminated in the time of the confusion, considering that there was saftie for him by no means, nor accesse to the altar,Alcimus autem quidam, qui summus sacerdos fuerat, sed voluntarie coinquinatus est temporibus commistionis, considerans nullo modo sibi esse salutem neque accessum ad altare, 4Came to king Demetrius in the year one hundred and fifty, presenting unto him a crown of gold, and a palm, and besides these, some boughs that seemed to belong to the temple. And that day indeed he held his peace.Andò a trovare il re Demetrio l'anno cento cinquanta, offerendogli una corona d'oro, e una palma, e oltre a ciò dei ramoscelli d'ulivo, i quali parerà che fossero del tempio: e per allora non disse nulla.came to king Demetrius in the yeare an hundred fiftie, offering him a crowne of gold, & a palme, & besides these, Talloes, which seemed to be of the temple. And that same day in deede he held his peace.venit ad regem Demetrium centesimo quinquagesimo anno, offerens ei coronam auream et palmam, super hæc et thallos, qui templi esse videbantur. Et ipsa quidem die siluit.
5But having gotten a convenient time to further his madness, being called to counsel by Demetrius, and asked what the Jews relied upon, and what were their counsels,Ma trovato un tempo opportuno alla sua stoltezza, essendo stato chiamato in consiglio da Demetrio, ed essendo interrogato qual fosse il sistema de' Giudei, e con quali consigli si reggessero,But hauing gotten a commodious time for his madnes, being called of Demetrius to counsel, and asked on what thing and counsels the Iewes rested, he answered:Tempus autem opportunum dementiæ suæ nactus, convocatus a Demetrio ad consilium, et interrogatus quibus rebus et consiliis Judæi niterentur, 6He answered thereunto: They among the Jews that are called Assideans, of whom Judas Machabeus is captain, nourish wars, and raise seditions, and will not suffer the realm to be in peace.Rispose: Que' Giudei, che hanno il nome di Assidei, che hanno per caporione Giuda Maccabeo, nutriscon la guerra, e muovono le sedizioni, e non permettono, che il regno abbia pace:They of the Iewes that are called Assidians, of whom Iudas Machabeus is captaine, nourish battels, and moue seditions, neither doe they suffer the realme to be quiet.respondit: Ipsi qui dicuntur Assidæi Judæorum, quibus præest Judas Machabæus, bella nutriunt, et seditiones movent, nec patiuntur regnum esse quietum: 7For I also being deprived of my ancestors’ glory (I mean of the high priesthood) am now come hither:E io pure spogliato della dignità dei miei maggiori, voglio dire del sommo Sacerdozio, son venuto qua:For I also being defrawded of my ancestours glorie (I meane of the high priesthood) am come hither:nam et ego defraudatus parentum gloria (dico autem summo sacerdotio) huc veni: 8Principally indeed out of fidelity to the king’s interests, but in the next place also to provide for the good of my countrymen: for all our nation suffereth much from the evil proceedings of these men.Primieramente per essere fedele alle convenienze del re, in secondo luogo ancora per fare il bene de' miei concittadini, imperocché non piccole vessazioni patisce tutta la nostra nazione per la malvagità di coloro.principally in deede keping fidelitie to the kings commodities, but secondly also prouiding for my citizens, forby their naughtines al our stocke is not a little vexed.primo quidem utilitatibus regis fidem servans, secundo autem etiam civibus consulens: nam illorum pravitate universum genus nostrum non minime vexatur.
9Wherefore, O king, seeing thou knowest all these things, take care, I beseech thee, both of the country, and of our nation, according to thy humanity which is known to all men.Ma tu, o re, per la tua bontà a tutti notissima, informato di ciascheduna di queste cose provvedi al paese, e alla nazione:But al these thinges being knowen, ô king, prouide I pray thee, both for the countrie, & for our stocke according to thy humanitie published to al men.Sed oro his singulis, o rex, cognitis, et regioni et generi, secundum humanitatem tuam pervulgatam omnibus, prospice: 10For as long as Judas liveth it is not possible that the state should be quiet.Imperocché sino a tanto che Giuda sarà al mondo non è possibile, che vi sia pace.For as long as Iudas is aliue, it is vnpossible that there be peace to the affayres.nam, quamdiu superest Judas, impossibile est pacem esse negotiis. 11Now when this man had spoken to this effect the rest also of the king’s friends, who were enemies of Judas, incensed Demetrius against him.Dopo ch'egli ebbe dette tali cose, anche tutti gli amici, che nutrivano odio contro di Giuda, riscaldaron Demetrio.And such thinges being sayed of him, the other freinds also behauing themselues as enemies against Iudas, incensed Demetrius.Talibus autem ab hoc dictis, et ceteri amici hostiliter se habentes adversus Judam, inflammaverunt Demetrium. 12And forthwith he sent Nicanor, the commander over the elephants, governor into Judea:Ed egli mandò subito per capitano nella Giudea Nicanore, il quale aveva il comando sopra gli elefanti:Who forthwith sent Nicanor, chiefe ouer the elephants captaine into Iurie: geuing him commission, that he should take Iudas himselfe:Qui statim Nicanorem præpositum elephantorum ducem misit in Judæam: 13Giving him in charge, to take Judas himself: and disperse all them that were with him, and to make Alcimus the high priest of the great temple.Dando a lui commissione di prender vivo Giuda, di dispergere la gente, che era con lui, e di mettere Alcimo in possesso del sommo Sacerdozio del massimo tempio.but them that were with him, he should disperse, & make Alcimus the high priest of the greatest temple.datis mandatis ut ipsum quidem Judam caperet: eos vero qui cum illo erant, dispergeret, et constitueret Alcimum maximi templi summum sacerdotem. 14Then the Gentiles who had fled out of Judea, from Judas, came to Nicanor by flocks, thinking the miseries and calamities of the Jews to be the welfare of their affairs.Allora i Gentili fuggiti dalla Giudea per timore di Giuda, si unirono a branchi con Nicanore, tenendo per propria felicità le miserie, e le rovine de' Giudei.Then the nations, which had fled from Iudas out of Iurie, ioyned them selues by troupes with Nicanor, esteming the miseries, and calamities of the Iewes the prosperities of their owne affayres.Tunc gentes quæ de Judæa fugerant Judam, gregatim se Nicanori miscebant, miserias et clades Judæorum prosperitates rerum suarum existimantes.
15Now when the Jews heard of Nicanor’s coming, and that the nations were assembled against them, they cast earth upon their heads, and made supplication to him who chose his people to keep them for ever, and who protected his portion by evident signs.I Giudei pertanto, saputo l'arrivo di Nicanore, e l'unione de' Gentili con esso, sparso il capo di terra pregavan colui, il quale avea fondato quel suo popolo per conservarlo eternamente, e il quale avea protetta con evidenti miracoli la sua eredità.The Iewes therfore hauing heard of Nicanors coming, & the assemblie of the nations, being sprinkled with earth besought him, that ordayned his people to kepe them for euer, and that protecteth his portion by euident signes.Audito itaque Judæi Nicanoris adventu, et conventu nationum, conspersi terra rogabant eum qui populum suum constituit, ut in æternum custodiret, quique suam portionem signis evidentibus protegit. 16Then at the commandment of their captain, they forthwith removed from the place where they were, and went to the town of Dessau, to meet them.E secondo l'ordine del condottiere si mossero immediatamente, e si adunarono al castello di Dessau.And the captaine commanding forthwith they remoued from thence, and they came together to the castel of Dessau.Imperante autem duce, statim inde moverunt, conveneruntque ad castellum Dessau. 17Now Simon, the brother of Judas, had joined battle with Nicanor: but was frightened with the sudden coming of the adversaries.Ma Simone fratello di Giuda essendo venuto alle mani con Nicanore, si atterri per essere sopraggiunti improvvisamente altri nemici.And Simon the brother of Iudas had ioyned battel with Nicanor: but he was made afrayd with the sodaine coming of the aduersaries.Simon vero frater Judæ commiserat cum Nicanore: sed conterritus est repentino adventu adversariorum. 18Nevertheless Nicanor hearing of the valour of Judas’s companions, and the greatness of courage, with which they fought for their country, was afraid to try the matter by the sword.Contuttociò Nicanore informato del valore de' soldati di Giuda, e della grandezza d'animo, colla quale combattevano per la patria, non ardiva di decidere la contesa colla spada.Neuertheles Nicanor hearing the manlines of Iudas companions, and greatnes of courege, that they had for the conflicts of their countrie, was afrayde to make tryall by bloud.Nicanor tamen, audiens virtutem comitum Judæ, et animi magnitudinem quam pro patriæ certaminibus habebant, sanguine judicium facere metuebat.
19Wherefore he sent Posidonius, and Theodotius and Matthias before to present and receive the right hands.Per la qual cosa mandò innanzi Posidonio, e Teodozio, e Mattia a portar le parole, e riferir le risposte.Wherfore he sent Posidonius, and Theodotius, & Mathias before to geue and take the right handes.Quam ob rem præmisit Posidonium, et Theodotium, et Matthiam, ut darent dextras atque acciperent. 20And when there had been a consultation thereupon, and the captain had acquainted the multitude with it, they were all of one mind to consent to covenants.E tenutosi lungo consiglio sopra tal materia, e lo stesso condottiere avendone dato conto al popolo, fu concorde parere di tutti, che si accettasse la pace.And when there was long consultation of these thinges, and the captaine himself had moued it to the multitude, there was one sentence of them al to accord vnto amitie.Et cum diu de his consilium ageretur, et ipse dux ad multitudinem retulisset, omnium una fuit sententia amicitiis annuere. 21So they appointed a day upon which they might come together by themselves: and seats were brought out, and set for each one.Per la qual cosa stabilirono il giorno, nel quale i capitani conferissero tra di loro segretamente, e furono portate, e messe le sedie per l'uno, e per l'altro.Therfore they appointed a day, wherin they might secretly deale among them selues, and seates were brought forth and sette for euery one.Itaque diem constituerunt, qua secreto inter se agerent: et singulis sellæ prolatæ sunt, et positæ. 22But Judas ordered armed men to be ready in convenient places, lest some mischief might be suddenly practised by the enemies: so they made an agreeable conference.Ma Giuda avea comandato, che stesse un numero di soldati in luoghi opportuni, affinchè non potessero i nemici improvvisamente far qualche male: ma il colloquio passò bene.But Iudas commanded armed men to be in places conuenient, lest perhaps some mischefe might sodainly arise from the enemies: & they made agreable communication.Præcepit autem Judas armatos esse locis opportunis, ne forte ab hostibus repente mali aliquid oriretur: et congruum colloquium fecerunt. 23And Nicanor abode in Jerusalem, and did no wrong, but sent away the flocks of the multitudes that had been gathered together.Indi Nicanore si fermò a Gerusalemme, e non fece cosa contro ragione, e licenziò quei branchi di gente, che si erano raunati.Nicanor abode at Ierusalem, and did nothing vniustly, and the flockes of the multitudes, that had bene gathered together he diminished.Morabatur autem Nicanor Jerosolymis, nihilque inique agebat: gregesque turbarum quæ congregatæ fuerant, dimisit.
24And Judas was always dear to him from the heart, and he was well affected to the man.Egli amava sempre Giuda di cuore, essendo inclinato verso la sua persona.And he esteemed Iudas alwayes deare from the hart, and he was inclined to the man.Habebat autem Judam semper carum ex animo, et erat viro inclinatus. 25And he desired him to marry a wife, and to have children. So he married: he lived quietly, and they lived in common.E lo pregò che si ammogliasse per avere figliuoli; celebrò le sue nozze, si mantenne tranquillo, e viveano familiarmente.And he desired him to marrie a wife, and to beget children. He made a marriage, he liued quietly, and they liued in common.Rogavitque eum ducere uxorem, filiosque procreare. Nuptias fecit: quiete egit, communiterque vivebant. 26But Alcimus seeing the love they had one to another, and the covenants, came to Demetrius, and told him that Nicanor had assented to the foreign interest, for that he meant to make Judas, who was a traitor to the kingdom, his successor.Ma Alcimo veggendolo scambievole affetto, che era tra loro, e i patti onde erano convenuti, andò a trovar Demetrio, e gli disse, che Nicanore favoriva gli interessi degli altri, e avea dato a lui per successore Giuda, il quale aspirava a regnare.But Alcimus seeing their charitie one towardes an other, and the couenantes, came to Demetrius, and sayd that Nicanor assented to forraine matters, and that he ment to make Iudas being a traytour to the kingdom, his successour.Alcimus autem, videns caritatem illorum ad invicem et conventiones, venit ad Demetrium, et dicebat Nicanorem rebus alienis assentire, Judamque regni insidiatorem successorem sibi destinasse. 27Then the king, being in a rage, and provoked with this man’s wicked accusations, wrote to Nicanor, signifying that he was greatly displeased with the covenant of friendship: and that he commanded him nevertheless to send Machabeus prisoner in all haste to Antioch.Onde esasperato il re, e per le calunnie orribili di colui altamente sdegnato scrisse a Nicanore facendogli sapere, che non volea sentir parlare del trattato di amicizia, ma ordinava subito mandasse Giuda incatenato ad Antiochia.Therfore the king being exasperated with this mans most wicked criminations, wrote to Nicanor, saying, that he in deede was greatly displeased for the couenant of their amitie: neuertheles that he commanded him to send Machabeus quickly prisoner to Antioch.Itaque rex exasperatus, et pessimis hujus criminationibus irritatus, scripsit Nicanori, dicens graviter quidem se ferre de amicitiæ conventione, jubere tamen Machabæum citius vinctum mittere Antiochiam.
28When this was known, Nicanor was in a consternation, and took it grievously that he should make void the articles that were agreed upon, having received no injury from the man.Intese tali cose Nicanore ne restò grandemente commosso, e non poteva soffrire di avere ad annullare quello, che era stato convenuto, senza aver ricevuto verun torto da quell'uomo:Which thinges being knowen Nicanor was amased, and tooke it greuously, if he should vndoe those thinges which they had couenanted, being nothing hurt of the man.Quibus cognitis, Nicanor consternabatur, et graviter ferebat, si ea quæ convenerant irrita faceret, nihil læsus a viro: 29But because he could not oppose the king, he watched an opportunity to comply with the orders.Ma non potendo disubbidire al re, attendeva l'opportunità per eseguire i comandi.But because he could not resist the king, he obserued oportunitie wherby to accomplish the commandement.sed quia regi resistere non poterat, opportunitatem observabat qua præceptum perficeret. 30But when Machabeus perceived that Nicanor was more stern to him, and that when they met together as usual he behaved himself in a rough manner; and was sensible that this rough behaviour came not of good, he gathered together a few of his men, and hid himself from Nicanor.Maccabeo però osservando che Nicanore se gli mostrava più sostenuto, e nelle usate visite lo trattava con qual che durezza, comprese, che quella durezza non indicava nulla di buono, e messo insieme un piccol numero de' suoi, si tenne nascosto a Nicanore.But Machabeus seeing that Nicanor dealt with him more austerely, and that he exhibited his accustomed meeting more sternely, vnderstanding this austeritie not to be of good, a few of his companie gathered together, he hid him self from Nicanor.At Machabæus, videns secum austerius agere Nicanorem, et consuetum occursum ferocius exhibentem, intelligens non ex bono esse austeritatem istam, paucis suorum congregatis, occultavit se a Nicanore. 31But he finding himself notably prevented by the man, came to the great and holy temple: and commanded the priests that were offering the accustomed sacrifices, to deliver him the man.Or questi quand'ebbe riconosciuto, che l'altro lo avea giudiziosamente prevenuto, si portò al massimo, e santissimo tempio in tempo che i sacerdoti offerivano le vittime consuete, e ordinò loro, che gli consegnassero quell'uomo:Which when he vnderstood that he was stoutly preuented of the man, he came to the most great & most holie temple: and the priestes offering the accustomed hostes, he commanded the man to be deliuered vnto him.Quod cum ille cognovit, fortiter se a viro præventum, venit ad maximum et sanctissimum templum: et sacerdotibus solitas hostias offerentibus, jussit sibi tradi virum.
32And when they swore unto him, that they knew not where the man was whom he sought, he stretched out his hand to the temple,E affermando quelli con giuramento di non sapere dove si fosse quegli ch'ei ricercava, stesa la mano verso il tempio,Who saying with an oath, that they knew not where he was, that was demanded, stretching out his hand to the temple,Quibus cum juramento dicentibus nescire se ubi esset qui quærebatur, extendens manum ad templum, 33And swore, saying: Unless you deliver Judas prisoner to me, I will lay this temple of God even with the ground, and will beat down the altar, and I will dedicate this temple to Bacchus.Giurò, e disse: Se voi non mi darete nelle mani Giuda legato, io agguaglierò al suolo questo tempio di Dio, e distruggerò l'altare, e consagrerò qui un tempio a Bacco.he sware, saying: Vnles you wil deliuer Iudas prisoner vnto me, I wil beate downe this temple of God to the flat ground, and wil digge downe the altar, and this temple I wil consecrate to Liber pater.juravit, dicens: Nisi Judam mihi vinctum tradideritis, istud Dei fanum in planitiem deducam, et altare effodiam, et templum hoc Libero patri consecrabo. 34And when he had spoken thus, he departed. But the priests stretching forth their hands to heaven, called upon him that was ever the defender of their nation, saying in this manner:E detto questo se n'andò: Ma i sacerdoti stendendo al cielo le mani invocavan colui, che era stato mai sempre il difensore della loro nazione, e dicevano:And when he had sayd these thinges, he departed. But the priestes stretching forth their hands vnto heauen, inuocated him that was alwayes the defender of their nation, saying thus:Et his dictis abiit. Sacerdotes autem protendentes manus in cælum, invocabant eum qui semper propugnator esset gentis ipsorum, hæc dicentes: 35Thou, O Lord of all things, who wantest nothing, wast pleased that the temple of thy habitation should be amongst us.Tu Signore dell'universo, che di nulla abbisogni, tu volesti avere tra noi un tempio per tua abitazione.Thou ô Lord of al, which lackest nothing, wouldest a temple of thy habitation to be made amongst vs.Tu, Domine universorum, qui nullius indiges, voluisti templum habitationis tuæ fieri in nobis. 36Therefore now, O Lord, the holy of all holies, keep this house for ever undefiled, which was lately cleansed.Or tu, Santo de' Santi, padrone di tutte le cose, conserva in eterno in contaminata questa casa, la quale poco tempo fa è stata purificata.And now ô Lord holie of al holies, preserue for euer this house impolluted, which of late hath bene clensed.Et nunc, Sancte sanctorum, omnium Domine, conserva in æternum impollutam domum istam, quæ nuper mundata est.
37Now Razias, one of the ancients of Jerusalem, was accused to Nicanor, a man that was a lover of the city, and of good report, who for his kindness was called the father of the Jews.Fu accusato davanti a Nicanore un certo Razia de' seniori di Gerusalemme, uomo amante della patria, e molto riputato, il quale pel suo affetto era chiamato il padre de' Giudei.And Razias one of the ancients of Ierusalem, was accused to Nicanor, a man that was a louer of the citie, and wel reported of, who for his affection was called father of the Iewes.Razias autem quidam de senioribus ab Jerosolymis delatus est Nicanori, vir amator civitatis, et bene audiens: qui pro affectu pater Judæorum appellabatur. 38This man, for a long time, had held fast his purpose of keeping himself pure in the Jews’ religion, and was ready to expose his body and life, that he might persevere therein.Questi in molte occasioni si era mantenuto incontaminato, e costante nel Giudaismo, ed era pronto a dare il corpo, e la vita per mantener la perseveranza.This man long time kept the purpose of continencie in Iudaisme, and content to geue his bodie and life for perseuerance.Hic multis temporibus continentiæ propositum tenuit in Judaismo, corpusque et animam tradere contentus pro perseverantia. 39So Nicanor being willing to declare the hatred that he bore the Jews, sent five hundred soldiers to take him.E Nicanore per dimostrare l'odio, che avea contro i Giudei, mandò cinquecento soldati a prenderlo:But Nicanor willing to manifest the hatred that he had against the Iewes, sent fiue hundred souldiars to take him.Volens autem Nicanor manifestare odium quod habebat in Judæos, misit milites quingentos ut eum comprehenderent. 40For he thought by ensnaring him to hurt the Jews very much.Perocché si credeva, che ove lo avesse sedotto, avrebbe fatto un grandissimo male a' Giudei.for he thought if he had intrapped him, that he should doe the Iewes verie great hurt.Putabat enim, si illum decepisset, se cladem Judæis maximam illaturum. 41Now as the multitude sought to rush into his house, and to break open the door, and to set fire to it, when he was ready to be taken, he struck himself with his sword:Or mentre quella turba di soldati tentavano di sforzare la casa, e di spezzare la porta, e di appiccarvi il fuoco, stando egli li per esser pigliato, si diede un colpo di spada,But the multitudes coueting to rush into his house, and to breake open the gate, & to set fyre therto, when he was in taking, he strooke himselfe with a sword:Turbis autem irruere in domum ejus, et januam dirumpere: atque ignem admovere cupientibus, cum jam comprehenderetur, gladio se petiit,
42Choosing to die nobly rather than to fall into the hands of the wicked, and to suffer abuses unbecoming his noble birth.Eleggendosi di piuttosto morire gloriosamente, che essere soggetto ai peccatori, ed essere strapazzato con oltraggi indegni della sua nascita.choosing to dye nobly rather then to be made subiect to sinners, and against his noble birth to suffer vnworthie iniuries.eligens nobiliter mori potius quam subditus fieri peccatoribus, et contra natales suos indignis injuriis agi. 43But whereas through haste he missed of giving a sure wound, and the crowd was breaking into the doors, he ran boldly to the wall, and manfully threw himself down to the crowd:Ma non essendo stato mortale il colpo, ch'ei si era dato in quella fretta, ed entrando a furia la turba nella casa, corse animosamente alla muraglia, e si precipitò addosso alla turba:But wheras for hast he had not made the wound with a sure stroke, and the multitudes brake in within the dores, running backe boldly to the wal, he threwe downe him selfe manfully headlong vnto the multitudes:Sed cum per festinationem non certo ictu plagam dedisset, et turbæ intra ostia irrumperent, recurrens audacter ad murum præcipitavit semetipsum viriliter in turbas: 44But they quickly making room for his fall, he came upon the midst of the neck.E quegli immantinente gli fecer luogo, perché non venisse sopra di loro; ed egli diede colla testa sul pavimento:who quickly geuing place to his fal he fel vpon his necke.quibus velociter locum dantibus casui ejus, venit per mediam cervicem. 45And as he had yet breath in him, being inflamed in mind, he arose: and while his blood ran down with a great stream, and he was grievously wounded, he ran through the crowd:E respirando tuttora, pieno di spiriti ardenti si rialzò, e benché versasse in gran copia il sangue dalle sue mortali ferite, passò correndo per mezzo alla turba:And when he had breathed, incensed in minde he arose: and when his blood ranne with a great streame, & he was wounded with most greuous wounds, running he passed through the multitude:Et cum adhuc spiraret, accensus animo, surrexit, et cum sanguis ejus magno fluxu deflueret, et gravissimis vulneribus esset saucius, cursu turbam pertransiit: 46And standing upon a steep rock, when he was now almost without blood, grasping his bowels, with both hands he cast them upon the throng, calling upon the Lord of life and spirit, to restore these to him again: and so he departed this life.E standosi sopra un sasso isolato, essendo già senza sangue, prese colle sue mani le proprie viscere, le gettò sopra quella gente, invocando il Signore della vita, e dello spirito, affinchè quelle rendesse a lui un'altra volta; e in tal guisa fini di vivere.and standing vpon a certaine steepe rocke, & now being become without bloud, gryping his bowels, with both handes he cast them vpon multitudes, inuocating the dominatour of life and spirit, that he would restore these to him againe: & so he departed this life.et stans supra quamdam petram præruptam, et jam exsanguis effectus, complexus intestina sua, utrisque manibus projecit super turbas, invocans dominatorem vitæ ac spiritus ut hæc illi iterum redderet: atque ita vita defunctus est.
14:1
Year of the World 3842, Year before Christ 162.
Worthington
But. Read 1 Machabees 7:1. (Worthington)
Years of Eupator's reign, or dating from the purification of the temple.
Demetrius, to whom the crown belonged, 1 Machabees 7:1.
14:3
Haydock
Priest, after Menelaus, (1 Machabees 7:5.) but never recognized, as Judas was then pontiff. He had, moreover, voluntarily defiled himself during the times of persecution; or, according to most Greek copies, (Calmet) when there was "no mixture" of Gentiles in the land to instigate him. (Haydock)
Worthington
Though he was of Aaron's stock, this apostacy rendered him ineligible; Mathathias was chosen, being also descended from Aaron, and more sincere in religion. (Worthington)
14:4
Year of the World 3843.
Menochius
Fifty, according to the Chaldean reckoning, 2 Machabees 2:21. (Menochius)
Boughs; probably (Haydock) of gold, (Worthington) or adorned with leaves of that metal. People presented what they thought proper to the temple. The apostles admired these gifts, as well as the stones of that fabric, Luke 21:5.
14:6
Calmet
Assideans: the most zealous defenders of the faith. Alcimus had slain sixty of them, 1 Machabees 7:12, 19. (Calmet)
This description, given by enemies through malice, serves to shew the zeal and sincerity of these people in promoting God's law and virtue.
Worthington
Him. See 1 Machabees 7:26. (Worthington)
Alcimus was guilty of much falsehood. He was not of the family to which the high priesthood belonged, and he had rendered himself unworthy of it, ver. 3, 7.
14:12
Nicanor; perhaps the same who had been defeated, 2 Machabees 8:21., and 1 Machabees 4:8.
14:13
Great temple. Such was the pagan's idea of it, ver. 31.
14:14
Calmet
Gentiles and apostate Jews. (Calmet)
Worthington
Such people and politicians advanced themselves by pillaging the faithful. (Worthington)
14:17
Coming. Greek, "silence," (Bodwell) fearing some stratagem.
14:20
Captain. Judas laid the proposals before all the people.
14:24
Calmet
From the heart; sincerely. (Calmet)
Haydock
Greek, "he had Judas always in sight." (Haydock)
Tirinus
His love was only apparent. (Tirinus)
Yet this is contrary to the text, (Haydock) and to the common opinion.
14:26
Calmet
His successor, so as to keep Alcimus out of his office. (Calmet)
14:29
Haydock
The king. Nicanor was a worldly politician, like Pilate and other judges who have no zeal for religion, (Worthington) or for justice, being disposed to sacrifice all to their own interest. (Haydock)
14:30
Haydock
A few. Greek and Syriac, "not a few." (Haydock)
Calmet
Nicanor attacked him, and lost 5000 men, 1 Machabees 12:27. (Calmet)
14:32
Knew not. This was true, and they would not seek for him (Worthington) if it had been required.
14:33
Haydock
Bacchus: a very suitable temple, when beaten to the ground! (Haydock)
Worthington
He is styled Liber, and accounted the inventor of wine: hence drunkards dedicate temples to him. (Worthington)
14:37
Jews. No crime could be laid to his charge, but his love for religion and his country.
14:38
14:41
Challoner
He struck himself, etc. St. Augustine (Epist. lxi. ad Dulcitium et lib. 2. cap. 23. ad Epist. 2. Gaud.) discussing this fact of Razias, says that the holy Scripture relates it, but doth not praise it, as to be admired or imitated, and that it was not well done by him, or at least not proper in this time of grace. (Challoner)
Calmet
Whether he was thus inspired or not, we dare not decide. The Jews infer form the conduct of Samson, Saul, and Razias, that suicide is lawful when a person fears being overcome by torments, or giving occasion to other's blasphemy. But Christianity lays down better maxims; (Romans 3:8.) and St. Augustine, (contra Gaud. 1:31., and ep. 61 or 204) St. Thomas Aquinas, ([Summa Theologiae] 2:2. q. 64. a. 5.) and others, disapprove of this action, observing that it is recorded and not praised, though other virtues of Razias be commended. (Calmet)
Worthington
It was either not well done, or not to be imitated in this time of grace. (St. Augustine, 2:23. contra ep. 2. Gaud.) (Worthington)
Yet this holy doctor excuses Samson and some Christian virgins, by saying that they acted by the direction of the Holy Spirit. (Sup. and City of God 1:21.) (Haydock) (Lyranus) Tirinius)
Menochius
This seems to be here the case, as the fact appears to be commended. (Menochius)
14:44
Neck. Venit per medium cervicem.
G.[Calmet?]
In the Greek it is keneona, which signifies a void place, where there is no building; (Challoner; Grotius) and also "the belly," which accounts for his not being killed on the spot. (G.[Calmet?])
14:3
Now Alcimus, who had been chief priest.... This Alcimus was of the stock of Aaron, but for his apostasy here mentioned was incapable of the high priesthood, but king Antiochus Eupator appointed him in place of the high priest, (see above, 1 Mac. chap. 7., ver. 9,) as Menelaus had been before him, set up by Antiochus (above chap. 4.), yet neither of them were truly high priests; for the true high priesthood was amongst the Machabees, who were also of the stock of Aaron, and had strictly held their religion, and were ordained according to the rites commanded in the law of Moses.—Ibid. Mingling.... with the heathens; that is, in their idolatrous worship.
14:41
He struck himself, etc.... St. Augustine, (Epist. 61, ad Dulcitium, et lib. 2, cap. 23, ad Epist. 2, Gaud.) discussing this fact of Razias, says, that the holy scripture relates it, but doth not praise it, as to be admired or imitated, and that either it was not well done by him, or at least not proper in this time of grace.
14:44
He came upon the midst of the neck.... Venit per mediam cervicem. In the Greek it is keneona, which signifies a void place, where there is no building.
14:1
Y
14:3
Alcimus was of Aarons stock. li. 1. c 7. v. 14. but for this apostasie here mentioned was vncapable of high priesthood, & so Matthathias vvas ordayned being of the same progenie and most sincere in religion.
14:4
a golden bough.
14:6
This description of the Assideans made by their malicious enimie in calumnious and odious termes, sheweth vvel their singular zele, & sinceritie in promoting Gods seruice. And so their aduersaries malignant accusations more against them then al others, is a plaine testimonie of their more rate and more singular vertues.
14:11
li. 1. •. 7. v. 26.
14:12
a
14:14
Apostates and politikes make their gayne by spoyling the faithful.
14:29
Nicanor a right worldlie politike, a figure of Pilate and of such temporizing Iudges, counsellers, and courtiers, as lacke zele in religion.
14:32
They knevv not precisely vvhere Iudas vvas, neither vvould they search for him to deliuer him to the persecutor.
14:33
Bacchus called also Liber, and by manie other names, feaned by infidels to be auctor and god of wine. And therfore drunkards dedicate feastes & temples to him.
14:41
S. Augustin epist 61. ad Dul•itium & l. 2. c. 23. ad epist. 2. Gaud. discussing th•• fact; saith the helie scripture doth tel it, not praise it. As to be admired not to be imitated, & that either it vvas not vvel done by him, or at least is not conuenient in this time of grace.
14:46
li. 1. c. 7. v. 39.
14:33
san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Paul's Epistle to the Romans 19
… Or rather, even in the season of thy captivity thou wast not deserted, but even there were Daniel, and Ezekiel, and in Egypt Jeremiah, and in the desert Moses. After this thou didst revert to thy former vice again, and wast a reveller ( ἐξεβακχεύθης
14:1
1. Sed post triennii tempus, — id est, tertio anno a morte Antiochi Epiphanis, puta anno 150 Graecorum, ut dicitur vers. 4. Supponit enim Auctor hujus libri II Antiochum Epiphanem defunctum esse anno 148 Graecorum; licet enim mortuus sit anno 149, juxta computum Judaicum, tamen annus hic 149 erat 148, juxta computum Antiochenum, ut dixi superius; ac consequenter annus hic 150 Graecorum juxta computum Antiochenum erat 151 juxta computum Judaicum. Demetrium Seleuci. — Seleucus hic erat senior Antiochi Magni filius; junior vero filius ejusdem erat Antiochus Epiphanes. Quare Demetrio, utpote senioris fratris filio, debebatur regnum Asiae et Syriae. Demetrius ergo Romae obses, audiens patruum suum Antiochum Epiphanem vita functum, petiit a Romanis licentiam redeundi ad suos, regnumque jure sibi debitum occupandi. Verum Romani illam ei negarunt, eo quod eum magis metuerent, quam Eupatorem Epiphanis filium, utpote puerum. Quare Demetrius clam Roma aufugiens venit in Syriam, ubi a suis in regem coronatus, occisis Eupatore et Lysia, regnum occupavit, uti dixi lib. I, cap. VII.
14:3
3. Alcimus autem. (De hoc Alcimo pseudo-pontifice et proditore dixi lib. I, cap. VII, 7,) sed voluntarie coinquinatus est temporibus commixtionis; (cum scilicet Antiochus Epiphanes juberet Judaeos misceri Gentilibus, et a Judaismo ad Gentilismum apostatare, tunc apostavit et Alcimus: quare) considerans nullo modo sibi esse salutem, neque accessum ad altare, — tum quia Judaei eum ut apostatam a templo exclusissent, tum quia Judas Machabaeus jam fungens Pontificatu et principatu, nullo modo Alcimum quasi aemulum passus fuisset; quocirca Alcimus rogavit Demetrium ut Nicanorem contra Judam mitteret, itaque sibi Pontificatum conferret.
14:4
4. Offerens ei coronam auream (qua novo regi Demetrio novum regnum gratulabatur) et palmam, (qua eidem victoriam contra Judam caeterosque hostes apprecabatur,) et thallos, (id est, ramos ex olea arbore, quibus pacem flagitabat: olea enim symbolum est pacis, sed haec sacrilegus abstulerat e templo. Unde sequitur:) qui templi esse videbantur. — Porro hi rami et palmae, aeque ac corona, erant ex auro fabrefactae.
14:6
6. Ipsi qui dicuntur Assidaei, (quinam hi fuerint dixi lib. I, cap. VII, 13,) quibus praeest Judas Machabaeus. — Hinc patet Judam religione et pietate fuisse Assidaeum, imo Assidaeorum primatem et principem.
14:18
18. Nicanor tamen audiens virtutem comitum Judae, etc., sanguine judicium facere metuebat, — id est praelio decertare, litemque armis definire metuebat; timebat enim a Juda vinci et caedi; quare legatos ad eum pacis causa misit, pacemque cum eo iniit.
14:24
24. Habebat autem Judam semper charum ex animo. — Graece εν πρόσωπον, id est in facie, q. d. Nicanor semper habebat Judam prae oculis quasi sibi amicum et familiarem. Et erat viro inclinatus, — id est propensus et benevolus in Judam. Aliqui contrarie explicant to «in facie,» q. d. Nicanor exterius simulabat se amicum Judae; sed interius eum ut ducem belli fortissimum, cui aequari non posset, oderat, ideoque suadebat ei uxorem ducere, ut per eam effeminaretur, et spiritus bellicos deponeret; sicut Samson per suam Dalilam effeminatus est, et fortitudine spoliatus. Verum hic sensus repugnat Vulgatae, quae ait: «Habebat Judam charum ex animo.»
14:25
25. Rogavitque eum (Judam) uxorem ducere, filiosque procreare, — ut prolem sibi similem procrearet, in eamque suam fortitudinem et virtutem bellicam transfunderet; nam ut ait Lyricus: Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis. Est in juvencis, est in equis patrum Virtus, nec imbellem feroces Progenerant aquilae columbam. Ita Horatius, lib. IV carm. ode IV. Gorionides addit Judam ex uxore filium masculum genuisse; sed ille videtur mox interiisse aeque ac Judas, qui sequenti anno in praelio occubuit; nam nulla filii ejus in Scriptura fit mentio. Communiterque vivebant, — scilicet Judas et Nicanor sibi mutuo erant familiares. Aliter Serarius Graecum εκοινώνησε βίου vertit: Communem egit vitam, sive communiter vivebat, scilicet Judas, q. d. Judas nil habebat proprium; sed quasi Assidaeus, sive Essenus, cum sociis vivebat in communi, uti nunc vivunt religiosi.
14:26
26. Alcimus autem, etc., q. d. Alcimus Judae aemulus apud Demetrium regem accusavit Nicanorem, quod cum hoste suo Juda foedus iniisset, eumque regni insidiatorem successorem (Graece διάδοκεν, id est vicarium) sibi (qui scilicet loco suo castris praeesset) destinasset; — unde iratus Demetrius jussit Nicanori ut Judam caperet, captumque ad se mitteret; Judam enim regno suo insidiari. 31. Fortiter (Graece generose) se a viro (Juda) praeventum. — Generosi enim est prudenter praevidere insidias futuras et pericula, eaque praecavere, ac se suaque in tuto collocare, uti fecit hic Judas.
14:37
37. Razias autem quidam de senioribus (id est, unus e Senatoribus et Primoribus Jerosolymitanis,) qui pro affectu (pro amore in suos cives et patriam) pater Judaeorum appellabatur. 38. Hic multis temporibus continentiae propositum tenuit in Judaismo, — «continentiae,» scilicet ab uxore, id est castitatis, aut celibatus: ita aliqui. Aut potius continentiae, scilicet in vera Dei fide et cultu, q. d. Razias semper etiam in persecutione continuit se in Judaismo et avita religione, nec se cum multis ab ea ad Gentilismum sub Epiphane apostantibus commiscuit: hoc enim significat Graecum ακρασίας, id est incommixtionis; et hoc notat to «propositum continentiae tenuit in Judaismo,» nimirum perseverantiam constantem usque ad mortem in Judaismo; unde idipsum mox explicans subdit: Corpusque et animam tradere contentus pro perseverantia in avita Judaeorum religione. Addit Gorionides Raziam professione fuisse Assidaeum.
14:40
40. Putabat enim, si illum decepisset. — Salianus censet legendum «cepisset;» Graece enim est συλλαβών, id est, «si illum comprehendisset.» 42. Eligens nobiliter (Graece εύγενως, id est generose) mori potius quam subditus fieri peccatoribus et contra natales suos (natus ergo fuit Razias nobilibus parentibus) indignis injuriis agi. — Graece: Et propria nobilitate indigne contumeliis affici. Hic fuit sensus Raziae, uti fuit aliorum nobilium hujus saeculi, qui generosum putant mori potius, quam ludibria indigna pati. Verum alius est sensus fidelium et Christianorum, praesertim Apostolorum et martyrum, de quibus proinde dicitur Act. V: «Ibant Apostoli gaudentes a conspectu concilii, quoniam digni habiti sunt pro nomine Jesu contumeliam pati.»
14:44
44. Venit per mediam cervicem. — Graece per medium ventrem, q. d. Cecidit in terram non prono capite, sed in ventrem, ita ut mediam cervicem ad humum allideret. Razias ergo trina morte se confecit: primo enim gladio se confodit; secundo, ex muro se praecipitavit; tertio, ambabus manibus viscera in turbam projecit. Quaeres an Razias occidendo se peccarit. Suppono ex communi sententia S. Augustini, Lactantii, S. Thomae caeterorumque Ecclesiae Doctorum non licere homini se occidere ad vitandam infamiam, violationem pudicitiae, peccandi periculum, aliamve ob causam. Ratio a priori est quod Deus solus sit vitae nostrae dominus, qui ut eam dedit, sic et repetit, recipitque quando ei libuerit. Quare injuriam Deo facit, qui se occidit; quia rem Deo propriam, puta vitam suam illi eripit. Vide S. Augustinum, lib. I De Civitat. Dei a cap. XX, usque ad XXIV. Hoc quoad thesin, nunc ad hypothesin descendamus, et disquiramus an Razias hic et nunc se occidendo peccarit, an non. Primo, S. Augustinus, lib. II Contra epist. Gaudentii, cap. XXIII, magis propendet eo, ut censeat eum peccasse, praesertim ob Circumcelliones, qui Raziae exemplum imitantes se ipsos necabant, quasi hoc esset honestum; imo quoddam martyrium. Quare laudari quidem hic Raziam a probitate, continentia, auctoritate et amore patriae, non tamen a sui occisione: «Humilitatem, inquit, inter manus inimicorum non valens ferre, non plane sapientiae, sed insipientiae dedit exemplum, non Christi martyribus, sed Donati Circumcellionibus imitandum.» Et inferius: «Unde illi tanquam homini subrepsit humilitatis impatientia, ut prius mori vellet, quam hostibus subjici. Dictum est quod elegerit nobiliter mori; melius vellet humiliter, sic enim utiliter. Illis autem verbis historia gentium laudare consuevit, sed viros fortes hujus saeculi, non martyres Christi. Dictum est quod se viriliter de muro praecipitavit in turbas, nec nos dicimus eum hoc fecisse muliebriter, quanquam vos qui multum exemplo isto profecistis, etiam feminas vestras hoc facere docuistis. Sed fatemur etiam ipsas hoc non facere muliebriter, sed viriliter; non tamen salubriter, quia non fideliter.» Secundo, Franciscus de Victoria, Relect. de Homicidio, et S. Thomas respondent Raziam non peccasse, eo quod ex Spiritus Sancti instinctu voluntariam sibi mortem consciverit. Sed hujus instinctus nulla hic apparet scintilla, praesertim quia non solet Spiritus Sanctus inspirare, ut quis se occidat ad vitandam ludibrii infamiam, uti fecit hic Razias; hoc enim in se inhonestum et illicitum est. Tertio, ergo dico Raziam hic a peccato excusari per ignorantiam inculpatam, qua ignorabat sui occisionem tali casu esse illicitam, imo ipse eam licitam, honestam, nobilem et generosam esse arbitrabatur, ut dicitur vers. 42. Sicut enim olim multi veterum tam philosophorum, quam Doctorum Ecclesiae, putarunt mendacium quandoque esse licitum, sic idem censuerunt de sui occisione. Haec enim fuit sententia Stoicorum quam saepius inculcat Seneca, epist. 12, 17, 24, 58, 59, 71, 78. Eamdem indicat Cicero, lib. I, epist. 12 et 22, ac Plinius. Eadem fuit sententia aliquorum Hebraeorum apud Josephum, lib. XII, cap. V, et lib. XV, cap. VIII. Eadem fuit S. Hieronymi in cap. I Jonae, versus finem, ubi sic ait: «Unde in persecutionibus non licet propria perire manu absque eo ubi castitas periclitatur;» ubi plane indicat quod in periculo castitatis liceat seipsum occidere. Sic S. Ambrosius, lib. III De Virgin., ante medium, et Eusebius, lib. VIII Histor. cap. XII et XVII, et Palladius in Lausiaca, cap. CI, laudant feminas, quae se occiderunt ne violarentur. Namque id tribuunt divinae inspirationi, sed laudant factum tanquam honestum ob talem finem. Simili modo D. Soto excusat S. Apolloniam, lib. V De Justitia, Quaest. I, art. 5, in fine: Nam se occidere ob patriae salutem, aut pudicitiae custodiam non est ita evidens esse malum quin inculpate possit ignorari, et putari esse licitum, uti putarunt viri doctissimi jam citati, quos secutus Cato Romanorum sapientissimus seipsum occidit, ne Caesari victori se dedens foret ludibrio. Sic ergo et Razias per ignorantiam excusandus videtur a peccato, praesertim quia ipse erat quasi caput senatus, et princeps Israelis; unde ludibria illi ab Antiocho irroganda senatui et toti Israeli irrogata fuissent; maluit ergo mori, quam se totumque Israelem injuriis et ludibrio regis idololatriae exponere. Adde, potuisse regem fingere Raziam a Judaismo apostatasse, et ad suam idololatriam apostatasse: quae res multos Judaeorum commovisset, ut ejus exemplum sequerentur, et apostatarent. Insuper poterat metuere Razias ne acerbitate tormentorum victus cederet Antiocho, et vere a fide apostataret, quod ingens fuisset toti Israeli scandalum. Quare prudenter videbatur sibi facturus, si haec omnia pericula et damna voluntaria morte abscinderet. Sic in Historiis Indicis apud Hieronymum Osorium, lib. VIII De Gestis Eman. post initium, legimus Joannem Machiadum Lusitanum virum fidelem duos filiolos suos ex pietate occidisse, ut eos periculo Mahometismi, indeque damnationis aeternae eriperet. Jam enim capiendi erant a Mahometanis, et ab eis in perfidia sua educandi. Ita Raziam per ignorantiam excusat Lessius, lib. II De Justitia, cap. IX, dubio 6, num. 23; idque confirmatur ex eo quod Razias hic a virtute et probitate eximia commendetur, qui utique non se occidisset, nisi id putasset esse licitum, imo honestum et generosum. Unde et expirans vers. 46, actum fidei et spei in Deum elicuit, «invocans dominatorem vitae ac spiritus, ut haec illi iterum redderet,» in beata resurrectione. Supposita hac Raziae ignorantia heroicus fuit hic ejus actus fortitudinis, quo se pro honore patriae, et avita religione conservanda occidit, ideoque, vers. 42, de eo dicitur: «Eligens nobiliter mori.» Longe enim difficilius est seipsum occidere, quam necem ab alio illatam sustinere; quare posita ignorantia quod eo casu liceat seipsum occidere, Razias summum fortitudinis actum se non semel, sed tertio feriendo et interimendo elicuit. Natura enim summe amat se suamque vitam; quare generosissimae fortitudinis est hunc naturae affectum transcendere, ac sponte pro Deo vitam ponere. Hinc discant fideles quam fortiter tormenta et mortem pro fide et pietate inflicta sustinere debeant. Si enim Razias Judaeus, obscuram habens resurrectionis fidem et spem, seipsum pro ea occidit, cur non Christianus post Christi aliorumque resurgentium exempla necem pro illo irrogatam ultro amplectatur, cum certus sit se per illam ad beatam et aeternam vitam transmitti? Fixum enim est illud Christi oraculum, pariter et promissum: «Qui perdiderit animam (vitam) suam propter me, inveniet eam,» Matth. X, 39. Rursum cur non concupiscentiam et carnem suam mortificet, quam per mortificationem credit vivificandam et liberandam in coelis? mortificatio enim est quasi viva quaedam mors, qua homo carnales appetitus in se vivos per serium voluntatis contrariae propositum abdicat et resecat. Unde hanc resecationem ad vivum sentit, doletque perinde ac si dens sibi evelleretur. Audi S. Ambrosium, lib. III De Virgin., miris elogiis celebrantem S. Pelagiam virginem quindecim annorum, quae se cum matre et sororibus in flumen injecit, mersitque ne violaretur: «Consertis manibus, tanquam choros ducerent, in medium progrediuntur alveum, ubi unda torrentior, ubi profundum abruptius illo vestigia dirigentes. Nulla pedem retulit, nulla suspendit incessum, nulla tentavit ubi gressum figeret; anxiae cum terra occurreret, offensae vado, laetae profundo. Videres piam matrem stringentem nodo manus, gaudere de pignore, timere de casu; ne sibi filias vel fluctus auferret. Has tibi, inquit, hostias, Christe, immolo, praesules virginitatis, duces castitatis, comites passionis.» Porro Ecclesia has feminas, quae se pro castitate tuenda occiderunt, colit ut martyres, quia ipsae ad hoc quasi compulsae fuerant. Unde cum ipsae in eo facto non peccaverint secundum moralem aestimationem censentur ab ipsis persecutoribus occisae, et sic sunt martyres. Si quis idem dicere velit de Razia, non repugnabo.
14:1
nel 162 a. C. (cf. II Mach. 14, 1 sg.).
14:6
… a mal partito Alcimo, che a Demetrio confessò che gli a. formavano il nerbo principale dell'esercito di Giuda Maccabeo, rinfocolavano la guerra, provocavano e bellioni minacciando la saldezza del regno, e gli impedivano di esercitare il pontificato (II Mach. 14, 6 sg.). …
… ἀσίδαξαι), cioè « pii » (ebr. ḥāšẓẓm, i quali in realtà sono sostanzialmente uguali ai posteriori f. Essi costituirono la forza principale su cui i Maccabei poterono contare per la liberazione del popolo dal dominio straniero (cf. I Mach. 2, 42; 7, 12; II Mach. 14, 6). Ma ben presto gli Asmonei, discendenti dai Maccabei, si trovarono in opposizione con i f. continuatori degli asidei. …
14:16
ADARSA. - Così la Volgata, I Mach. 7, 40, che ha Adazer in I Mach. 7, 45 (Adas nel testo greco e in Flavio Giuseppe; Dessau [gr. Δασακού] in II Mach. 14, 16), chiama il villaggio a nord di Gerusalemme, ove Giuda Maccabeo con 3000 uomini sgomino Nicanore (13 di adar del 161 a. C.), ucciso il quale i Giudei inseguirono i Siriani, annientandoli, …
14:33
… L'ultimo scontro del 13 'ādhār (marzo 161 a. C.), presso Adasa, segnò la tragica fine di N., riconosciuta come giusta punizione divina per le sacrileghe insolenze di lui lanciate contro il Tempio e contro Dio (II Mach. 14, 33; 15, 3).
14:38
… intero ». Nell'ultimo periodo del Vecchio Testamento si trova una nuova terminologia adoperandosi πνεῦμα (rūah) per designare lo spirito vivificatore di Dio, mentre ψυχή (néphēš) è il principio superiore interno all'uomo; così II Mach. 6, 30; 7, 37; 14, 38; Sap. 4, 14; 7, 27; 8, 19 sg.; 9, 15; 10, 16.
14:46
MACCABEI (GR. ΜΑΚΚΑΒΑΙ͂ΟΙ, VOLG. MACHABAEI)
L'autore presenta i nemici come strumenti della giustizia divina, le sofferenze dei martiri come mezzi di riconciliazione, le vittorie di Giuda come segno della misericordia di Dio. Con parole di profonda commozione sono insegnate la risurrezione di corpi (II Mach. 7, 11; 12, 43-44; 14, 46), l'efficacia della preghiera e del sacrificio per i defunti e della preghiera dei santi per coloro che si trovano ancora sulla terra (ibid. 13, 43-44; 15, 12-16), l'esistenza degli …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.