For rauishing Dina, the Sichimetes (being first circumcised) are slaine by Simeon and Leui her brothers. 27. The rest of Iacobs sonnes spoile the citie. 30. Iacob blameth them, fearing harme may come by this fact.
1And Dina the daughter of Lia went out to see the women of that country.Ma Dina figliuola di Lia uscì di casa per vedere le donne di quel paese.AND Dina the daughter of Lia went forth to see the wemen of that countrie.Egressa est autem Dina filia Liæ ut videret mulieres regionis illius. 2And when Sichem the son of Hemor the Hevite, the prince of that land, saw her, he was in love with her: and took her away, and lay with her, ravishing the virgin.E avendola veduta Sichem figliuolo di Hemor Heveo, principe di quella terra, se ne innamorò: e rapilla, e violentemente disonorò la fanciulla.Whom when Sichem had seene the sonne of Hemor the Heuite, the prince of that land, he was in loue with her: and he tooke her away, and lay with her, by force rauishing the virgin.Quam cum vidisset Sichem filius Hemor Hevæi, princeps terræ illius, adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem. 3And his soul was fast knit unto her; and whereas she was sad, he comforted her with sweet words.E concepì per lei un'ardente passione, ed essendo ella afflitta l'acquietò con carezze.And his soule was fast kint vnto her, and wheras she was sad, he comforted her with sweete wordes.Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis. 4And going to Hemor his father, he said: Get me this damsel to wife.E andato dal padre suo Hemor: Prendi, disse, per me in moglie questa fanciulla.And going to Hemor his father, he said: Take me this wench to be my wife.Et pergens ad Hemor patrem suum: Accipe, inquit, mihi puellam hanc conjugem. 5But when Jacob had heard this, his sons being absent, and employed in feeding the cattle, he held his peace till they came back.La qual cosa avendo udita Giacobbe, mentre i figli erano assenti, e occupati a pascer le pecore, si tacque finché non furon tornati.Which when Iacob had heard, his sonnes being absent, and occupied in feeding of the cattle, he held his peace til they returned.Quod cum audisset Jacob absentibus filiis, et in pastu pecorum occupatis, siluit donec redirent. 6And when Hemor the father of Sichem was come out to speak to Jacob,Ma essendo andato Hemor, padre di Sichem, a parlare a Giacobbe;And when Hemor Sichems father was come forth to speake vnto Iacob,Egresso autem Hemor patre Sichem ut loqueretur ad Jacob, 7Behold his sons came from the field: and hearing what had passed, they were exceeding angry, because he had done a foul thing in Israel, and committed an unlawful act, in ravishing Jacob’s daughter.Eccoti che i figliuoli di lui tornavan dalla campagna: e inteso quel ch'era avvenuto, ne concepirono grande sdegno, perché sì brutta cosa avesse fatta (Sichem) contro Israele, e violata la figliuola di Giacobbe, avesse commesso un'azione vituperosa.behold his sonnes came out of the field: and hearing what had passed, they were passing wrath, because he had done a foule thing in Israel, and committed an vnlawful fact, in rauishing Iacobs daughterecce filii ejus veniebant de agro: auditoque quod acciderat, irati sunt valde, eo quod fœdam rem operatus esset in Israël et, violata filia Jacob, rem illicitam perpetrasset.
8And Hemor spoke to them: The soul of my son Sichem has a longing for your daughter: give her him to wife:Disse pertanto ad essi Hemor: L'anima di Sichem mio figlio è unita inseparabilmente a questa vostra fanciulla: dategliela in moglie.Hemor therfore spake to them: The soule of my sonne Sichem is sastned to your daughter: Geue her vnto him to wife:Locutus est itaque Hemor ad eos: Sichem filii mei adhæsit anima filiæ vestræ: date eam illi uxorem: 9And let us contract marriages one with another: give us your daughters, and take you our daughters.E facciamo scambievoli matrimoni; date le vostre fanciulle a noi, e sposate delle nostre fanciulle.and let vs contract mariages one with an other: geue vs your daughters, and take you our daughters.et jungamus vicissim connubia: filias vestras tradite nobis, et filias nostras accipite, 10And dwell with us: the land is at your command, till, trade, and possess it.E abitate tra noi: la terra è in poter vostro, lavoratela, trafficate, voi siete i padroni.And dwel with vs: the land is at your commandement, tille, occupie, and possesse it.et habitate nobiscum: terra in potestate vestra est: exercete, negotiamini, et possidete eam. 11Sichem also said to her father and to her brethren: Let me find favour in your sight, and whatsoever you shall appoint I will give:Anzi lo stesso Sichem disse al padre, e a' fratelli di lei: Piegatevi a' miei desideri, e darò tutto quello che vi parrà.Yea and Sichem also said to her father and to her brethren: Let me finde grace in your sight: and what soeuer you shal appointe I wil geue:Sed et Sichem ad patrem et ad fratres ejus ait: Inveniam gratiam coram vobis: et quæcumque statueritis, dabo: 12Raise the dowry, and ask gifts, and I will gladly give what you shall demand: only give me this damsel to wife.Augumentate la dote, e chiedete donora, e volentieri darò quello che chiederete: purché mi diate in moglie questa fanciulla.raise the dowrie, and require giftes, and I shal gladly geue, what you shal demande: only geue me this wench to wife.augete dotem, et munera postulate, et libenter tribuam quod petieritis: tantum date mihi puellam hanc uxorem. 13The sons of Jacob answered Sichem and his father deceitfully, being enraged at the deflowering of their sister:Risposero i figliuoli di Giacobbe a Sichem, e al padre di lui con fraude, essendo esacerbati pel disonore della sorella:Iacobs sonnes answered Sichem & his father in guile, being wrath for the deflouring of their sister:Responderunt filii Jacob Sichem et patri ejus in dolo, sævientes ob stuprum sororis: 14We cannot do what you demand, nor give our sister to one that is uncircumcised; which with us is unlawful and abominable.Non possiam fare quello che voi bramate, né dar la nostra sorella ad un uomo incirconciso: la qual cosa è illecita, e abbominevole presso di noi.We can not doe that which you demande, nor geue our sister to an vncircumcised person: which with vs is an vnlawful & abhominable thing.Non possumus facere quod petitis, nec dare sororem nostram homini incircumciso: quod illicitum et nefarium est apud nos.
15But in this we may be allied with you, if you will be like us, and all the male sex among you be circumcised:Ma potrem fare alleanza con questa condizione, se vorrete farvi simili a noi, e se si circoncideranno tra voi tutti i maschi;But in this order we may be confederate, if you wil be like to vs, and al the man sex among you be circumcised:Sed in hoc valebimus fœderari, si volueritis esse similes nostri, et circumcidatur in vobis omne masculini sexus; 16Then will we mutually give and take your daughters, and ours; and we will dwell with you, and will be one people:Allora vi daremo le nostre fanciulle, e prenderem parimente le vostre: e abiteremo con voi, e faremo un sol popolo.then wil we geue and take mutually your daughters, and ours: and we wil dwel with you, and wil be one people:tunc dabimus et accipiemus mutuo filias vestras ac nostras: et habitabimus vobiscum, erimusque unus populus. 17But if you will not be circumcised, we will take our daughter and depart.Ma se non vorrete circoncidervi, prenderemo la nostra fanciulla, e ce ne anderemo.but if you wil not be circumcised, we wil take our daughter, and depart.Si autem circumcidi nolueritis, tollemus filiam nostram, et recedemus. 18Their offer pleased Hemor, and Sichem, his son:Piacque la loro offerta ad Hemor, e a Sichem suo figliuolo.The offer pleased Hemor, and Sichem his sonne:Placuit oblatio eorum Hemor, et Sichem filio ejus, 19And the young man made no delay, but forthwith fulfilled what was required: for he loved the damsel exceedingly, and he was the greatest man in all his father’s house.E il giovane non differì ad eseguire quello che era stato richiesto: perocché amava grandemente la fanciulla, ed egli era in grande onore presso tutta la famiglia del padre suo.neither did the young man make delay, but forthwith fulfilled that which was demanded: for he loued the wench exceedingly, and he was the greatest man in al his fathers house.nec distulit adolescens quin statim quod petebatur expleret: amabat enim puellam valde, et ipse erat inclytus in omni domo patris sui. 20And going into the gate of the city, they spoke to the people:Ed entrati dentro la porta della città, dissero al popolo:And going into the gate of the citie, they spake to the people:Ingressique portam urbis, locuti sunt ad populum: 21These men are peaceable, and are willing to dwell with us: let them trade in the land, and till it, which being large and wide wanteth men to till it: we shall take their daughters for wives, and we will give them ours.Costoro son buona gente, e amano di abitare tra noi: trafficheranno qui, e lavoreranno la terra, la quale, spaziosa e vasta com'è, ha bisogno di coltivatori: noi sposeremo le loro fanciulle, e daremo loro delle nostre.These men are men of peace, and are willing to dwel with vs: let them occupie in the land, and til it, which being large and wide doth lacke men to tille it: their daughters we shal take to wife, and ours we wil geue to them.Viri isti pacifici sunt, et volunt habitare nobiscum: negotientur in terra, et exerceant eam, quæ spatiosa et lata cultoribus indiget: filias eorum accipiemus uxores, et nostras illis dabimus.
22One thing there is for which so great a good is deferred: We must circumcise every male among us, following the manner of the nation.Una sola cosa è d'ostacolo a un bene si grande: vuolsi, che noi circoncidiamo i nostri maschi, imitando il rito di questa gente.One thing there is for the which so great a good is differred: If we circumcise our men sexe, folowing the rite of the nation.Unum est quo differtur tantum bonum: si circumcidamus masculos nostros, ritum gentis imitantes. 23And their substance, and cattle, and all that they possess, shall be ours; only in this let us condescend, and by dwelling together, we shall make one people.Con questo saran nostre le loro ricchezze, e i bestiami, e tutto quello ch'ei posseggono: accordiamoci solo in questo, e vivendo insieme faremo un sol popolo.And their substance, and cartle, and al things that they possesse, shal be ours: only in this let vs condescend, and dwelling togeather, we shal make one people.Et substantia eorum, et pecora, et cuncta quæ possident, nostra erunt: tantum in hoc acquiescamus, et habitantes simul, unum efficiemus populum. 24And they all agreed, and circumcised all the males.Diedero tutti il loro assenso, e circoncisero tutti i maschi.And they al assented, and circumcised al the man sex.Assensique sunt omnes, circumcisis cunctis maribus. 25And behold the third day, when the pain of the wound was greatest: two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, the brothers of Dina, taking their swords, entered boldly into the city and slew all the men.Ed ecco il terzo giorno, quando il dolore delle ferite è più acerbo, i due figli di Giacobbe, Simeone, e Levi, fratelli di Dina, impugnate le spade, entrarono a man salva nella città: e uccisi tutti i maschi,And behold the third day, when the griefe of the woundes is most paineful: Iacobs two sonnes, Simeon and Leui the brothers of Dina, taking their swordes, entred into the citie boldly: and killing al the man sex,Et ecce, die tertio, quando gravissimus vulnerum dolor est: arreptis duo filii Jacob, Simeon et Levi fratres Dinæ, gladiis, ingressi sunt urbem confidenter: interfectisque omnibus masculis, 26And they killed also Hemor and Sichem, and took away their sister Dina out of Sichem’s house.Trucidarono anche Hemor, e Sichem, e tolsero Dina loro sorella dalla casa di Sichem.murdred withal Hemor and Sichem, taking away Dina their sister out of Sichems house.Hemor et Sichem pariter necaverunt, tollentes Dinam de domo Sichem sororem suam. 27And when they were gone out, the other sons of Jacob came upon the slain; and plundered the city in revenge of the rape.E quando questi si furono ritirati, gli altri figliuoli di Giacobbe si gettarono sopra gli uccisi: e saccheggiarono la città per vendetta dello stupro.When they were gone forth, the other sonnes of Iacob ranne in vpon them that were slaine: and spoiled the citie in reuenge of the rape.Quibus egressis, irruerunt super occisos ceteri filii Jacob: et depopulati sunt urbem in ultionem stupri.
28And they took their sheep, and their herds, and their asses, wasting all they had in their houses and in their fields.Preser le loro pecore, e gli armenti, e gli asini, e diedero il guasto a quanto era per le case, e alla campagna.And wasting al things that were in their houses, and fildes, their sheepe and heardes, and asses,Oves eorum, et armenta, et asinos, cunctaque vastantes quæ in domibus et in agris erant, 29And their children and wives they took captive.E menarono anche schiavi i fanciulli, e le donne loro.their little ones also, and their wiues they led away captiue.parvulos quoque eorum et uxores duxerunt captivas. 30And when they had boldly perpetrated these things, Jacob said to Simeon and Levi: You have troubled me, and made me hateful to the Chanaanites and Pherezites, the inhabitants of this land. We are few: they will gather themselves together and kill me; and both I, and my house shall be destroyed.Eseguite che ebbero essi queste cose con tanta audacia disse Giacobbe a Simeon, e a Levi: Voi mi avete posto in affanno, e mi avete renduto odioso ai Chananei, e a' Pherezei, abitatori di questa terra: noi siam pochi: quegli uniti insieme mi verranno addosso, e io sarò sterminato con la mia famiglia.Which things when they had boldly atcheiued, Iacob said to Simeon and Leui: You haue trubled me, and made me odious to the Chananites, and Pherezites the inhabiters of this land. we are few: they being gethered together wil strike me; and I, and my house shal be destroyed.Quibus patratis audacter, Jacob dixit ad Simeon et Levi: Turbastis me, et odiosum fecistis me Chananæis, et Pherezæis habitatoribus terræ hujus: nos pauci sumus; illi congregati percutient me, et delebor ego, et domus mea. 31They answered: Should they abuse our sister as a strumpet?Risposer quegli: E dovean essi trattar la nostra sorella come una donna di mal affare?They answered: What should they abuse our sister as a strumpet?Responderunt: Numquid ut scorto abuti debuere sorore nostra ?
34:1
Year of the World about 2273, Year before Christ 1731.
Country, when a great festival was celebrated. (Josephus, Antiquities 1:18.[21.?]) Dina was urged by curiosity to see and to be seen. Let others take example from her, and beware of associating with infidels, and of opening their hearts to pleasure at fairs and nocturnal meetings.
34:2
Haydock
Virgin. Hebrew and Septuagint, "He humbled or afflicted the virgin." It is well if she made all the resistance she was able, and resented the indignity; as she seems to have done, though Sichem tried all means to comfort her. (Haydock)
34:5
Menochius
Heard this, perhaps, from Dina's companion. (Menochius)
34:7
In Israel, or against the honour and peace of their father and all his family.
An unlawful act, which some nevertheless commit without scruple, and even dare to represent as a matter of small consequence if they marry afterwards!
34:10
Haydock
Command, or you are at liberty to purchase and till it as you please. (Haydock)
34:12
Dowry for Dina.
34:13
Challoner
Deceitfully. The sons of Jacob, on this occasion, were guilty of a grievous sin, as well by falsely pretending religion, as by excess of their revenge. Though, otherwise their zeal against so foul a crime was commendable. (Challoner)
34:14
34:17
Calmet
Our daughter, the only one of our father; who, it would hence appear, was detained by Hemor, ver. 26. (Calmet)
34:19
Haydock
The greatest man, (inclytus) perhaps associated to his father in the government of the town. Yet he is willing to submit to this painful operation. (Haydock)
34:20
Menochius
Gate. Here judgment was given, the markets held, etc. They endeavoured to convince the people, that the conditions offered would be for their interest. (Menochius)
34:23
Menochius
Ours, by mutual commerce. The Rabbin pretend the Sichemite designed to circumvent Jacob and his family. But their conduct seems to screen them from any reproach of this kind, and Jacob throws the blame upon his own sons, Genesis 49:6. If Hemor said more than he was authorized by them to do, this will not palliate their injustice and sacrilegious perfidy. (Calmet) (Menochius)
34:25
Menochius
Greatest. On that day a fever and inflammation likewise often take place. See Hippocrates on fractures, Valesius sac. (Phil. xii.) (Menochius)
Brothers of Dina by Lia, and both of a fiery temper. They were assisted by some servants, (Menochius) and afterwards the other children helped to pillage the city. (Theodot. ap. Eus. 9:22.)
34:29
Calmet
Captive. No doubt Jacob would force them to restore such ill-gotten goods. (Calmet)
Haydock
They had acted without authority, and even contrary to the known disposition of their father. They rashly exposed him to destruction, which would inevitably have taken place, if God had not protected him, Genesis 35:5. (Haydock)
34:31
Calmet
Should they, etc. This answer, full of insolence, to a father who was as much hurt by the indignity offered to Dina as they could be, heightens their crime. Sichem was the only one among the citizens really guilty, unless perhaps some of his servants might have given him assistance; and Hemor, the king, might contract some stain by not causing a better police to be observed, and by not punishing his son with greater severity, and not sending Dina home, etc. But why are the harmless citizens to be involved in ruin? unless Quicquid delirant Reges, plectuntur Achivi. (Haydock) Procopius says Hemor also abused Dina; but the plural is here used for the singular, and this author builds upon a false supposition. (Calmet)
34:13
Deceitfully.... The sons of Jacob, on this occasion, were guilty of a grievous sin, as well by falsely pretending religion, as by excess of revenge: though otherwise their zeal against so foul a crime was commendable.
34:1
O Dina (saith S. Bernard) what nedewas there to see wemen of a strange countrie? Tract. de gradib. humilitatis.
34:13
They offended by falsly pretending religion, and by excesse in reuenge, & therfore are reproued by their father. v 30. & chap. 49 v 5. Otherwise their zeale was iust to punish so foule a fault Iudith. 9.
34:1
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. The Book of Pastoral Rule 3.29
… For it is written, Dinah went out to see the women of that land; and when Sichem, the son of Hemor the Hivite, prince of the country, saw her, he loved her, and seized her, and lay with her, and defiled her by force; and his soul clave unto her, and he soothed her with kind blandishments when she was sad (
34:2
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Decease of His Brother Satyrus 2.23
23. The holy patriarch Israel fled from his country, was exiled from his father, relatives, and home, he mourned over the shame of his daughter
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. Register of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great 3.67
… For, although, since you will have it so, its meaning may not suit my case, yet, from its very context, what was said as being drawn from it may be held without hesitation. For her violator ( i.e. Dinah’s ) is called the prince of the country (
34:5
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 1.25
… Can there be higher justice than his in dividing with his brother what he had acquired, and offering it as a gift? What greater fortitude than his in striving with God? What moderation so true as his, who acted with such moderation as regards time and place, as to prefer to hide his daughter’s shame rather than to avenge himself?
sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 2.5
… Who will deny that Isaac was blessed, who did not see in his old age, and yet gave blessings with his benediction? Was not Jacob blessed who, leaving his father’s house, endured exile as a shepherd for pay, and mourned for the violated chastity of his daughter,
34:7
Pseudo-Clement The Second Epistle of the Same Clement 11
Hast thou not read concerning Amnon and Tamar, the children of David? This Amnon conceived a passion for his sister, and humbled her, and did not spare her, because he longed for her with a shameful passion; and he proved wicked and profligate because of his constant intercourse with her, without the fear of God, and he “wrought uncleanness in Israel.”
34:25
Tertulliano † 220 d.C. An Answer to the Jews 10
He, again, will be the “bull” elsewhere too in the same scripture. When Jacob pronounced a blessing on Simeon and Levi, he prophesies of the scribes and Pharisees; for from them is derived their origin. For (his blessing) interprets spiritually thus: “Simeon and Levi perfected iniquity out of their sect,”
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. Register of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great 3.67
… 31 ). And he also seeks her for his wife, because the evil spirit hastens to possess lawfully the soul which he has first corrupted by hidden seduction. Wherefore the sons of Jacob, being very wroth, take their swords against the whole house of Sichem and his country (
34:30
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 84.7
… and, though many have asked me, I have always refused. For it has never been my habit to crow over the mistakes of men whose talents I admire. Origen himself, were he still alive, would soon fall out with you his would-be patrons and would say with Jacob: “Ye have troubled me to make me to stink among the inhabitants of the land.”
papa san Gregorio I Magno † 604 d.C. Register of the Epistles of St. Gregory the Great 3.67
… Hence also to these his sons Jacob says, Ye have troubled me, and made me odious to the Canaanites (
34:1
1. EGRESSA EST AUTEM DINAE LAPSUS OCCASIO. Femina fuit hic egressus. Feminarum enim est domi se continere, ibique nendo, texendo, acu pingendo se occupare. Id veteres fecerunt, eaque de causa in nuptiis, cum sponsa ex domo patris ad domum sponsi ritu solemni deducebatur, mox eam colus compta cum fuso et stamine comitabatur apud Romanos, uti ex Plutarcho et Plinio docet Brissonius De Ritu nuptiarum. Porro Plinius, lib. VIII, cap. XLVIII, hujus ritus causam et originem assignat, dum ait: "Lanam cum fuso et stamine Tanaquilis, quae eadem Caecilia vocata est, in templo Sangti durasse, auctor est M. Varro, factamque ab ea togam regiam undulatam in aede Fortunae, qua Servius Tullius usus fuerat, indeque factum est ut nubentes virgines comitaretur colus compta cum fuso et stamine." Dina, quia otiosa colum seposuit, egressa se et Sichimitas perdidit. De mulierum clausura dixi ad Titum II, 5. Recte de Laevina casta et tetrica, sed vaga cecinit Martialis: "Dum modo Lucrino, modo se committit Averno, etc. Incidit in flammas, juvenemque secuta relicto Conjuge, Penelope venit, abit Helene."
Moraliter hic discant virgines, quam oculos hominum fugere debeant, ut nec videri, nec videre appetant. Refert Sophronius in Prato spir. cap. CLXXIX, de virgine quadam, quae fugiens amasium, ne eum scandalizaret, secessit in eremum, ibique vixit ad 17 annos; quae pro hac fuga duplex a Deo privilegium accepit: primum, ut, cum ipsa omnes videret, ipsa tamen a nemine videretur; secundum, quod cum pauca infusa secum tulisset in desertum, et ex iis jugiter comederet, illa tamen non sint imminuta. Idem cap. LX, mirabile refert exemplum de sanctimoniali, quae fugiens amasium, cum ab eo per internuntios quaesisset cur eam ita persequeretur, quid in ea maxime adamaret, illeque respondisset oculis ejus se capi: illa mox effossos sibi oculos ei misit, ut iis se exsatiaret. Qua re attonitus adolescens, concupiscentiam in poenitentiam et compunctionem vertit, abdicatisque illecebris monasticam vitam amplexus est. Vis recentiora? audi. S. Egidius, unus e primis S. Francisci sociis, in consessu fratrum rogavit eos: Quid vos facitis contra tentationes carnis? Respondit Ruffinus: Commendo me Deo et B. Virgini, et supplex me in terram projicio. Juniperus vero ait: Cum sentio tales cogitationes, statim dico: A longe, a longe, quia captum est hospitium. Cui Aegidius: Tecum, inquit, sentio; nam optimum est fugere: castitas enim est speculum clarum, quod solo intuitu et halitu offuscatur. Ex eadem familia F. Rogerius vir sanctus, nullam feminam, ne matrem quidem, eamque vetulam, aspiciebat in facie. Rogatus cur? respondit: "Quia quando homo facit quod in se est, Deus vicissim facit quod suum est, hominemque a lapsu praeservat; sin homo se periculo exponat, maxime in materia tam lubrica, Deus eum relinquit suis viribus, quibus diu resistere non potest." Sicut enim ferrum trahit magnes, ita virum sua trahit Agnes. S. Xaverius dicere solebat feminas majori periculo vel castitatis, vel famae adiri, quam fructu. Hinc illa provida Societatis nostrae strictaque ordinatio ut feminas etiam pietatis causa, nobis visere non liceat, nisi aegras et moribundas, idque non nisi cum socio, qui omnium quae geruntur testis esse possit. Denique audi quid meretrix docuerit S. Ephrem: Ex eremo ille in urbem pergebat, ut ex occursu aliquid piae instructionis hauriret: occurrit ei meretrix, quae fixe eum intuita est; causam roganti Ephremo respondit meretrix: Quid mirum si ego te intuear, cum mulier ex viro facta sit? tu vero in matrem tuam, id est terram ex qua plasmatus es, oculos defige. Plura vide Num. XXV, in fine. Prudenter ergo S. Martinus: "Mulier, ait, intra murorum munimenta se contineat, cujus haec prima virtus et consummatio victoriae est, non videri," uti refert Sulpitius, Dialog. 2.
DINA. -- Erat Dina, cum rapta est, circiter quindecim annorum. Id patet ex eo quod Dina pene eodem tempore nata sit quo Joseph, ut patet Genes. XXX, 21 et 24. Joseph autem paulo post hac venditus, erat sedecim annorum, ut patet cap. XXXVII, vers. 2. Rursum id patet ex eo quod Simeon et Levi erant tum circiter viginti annorum, uti mox dicam: hi autem quinquennio seniores erant Dina et Joseph. Ergo raptus hic Dinae, et excidium Sichem contigit circiter novem annis post discessum Jacob ex Haran, et adventum in Chanaan, cum Jacob ageret annum aetatis 106, puta uno anno ante mortem Rachelis et natalem Benjamin, de qua cap. seq. vers. 18.
UT VIDERET MULIERES. -- Hebraice banot, id est filias, puta virgines sibi coaevas regionis illius, quae tunc magno numero et ornatae ad festum solemne convenerant, si credimus Josepho; fuit haec curiositas Dinae, quam luit suo raptu, et tam infami stupro. Nam, ut ait Tertullianus: "Publicatio virginis bonae, stupri passio est." Idem, proh dolor! quotidie videmus virgines quae cum juvenibus ambulatum egrediuntur, egredi Penelopes, regredi Helenes; egredi virgines, regredi mulieres, imo meretrices.
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2. PRINCEPS TERRAE, -- filius principis Hemor.
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5. CONGLUTINATA EST ANIMA EJUS, -- vehementer et perdite eam amavit: amantis enim anima magis est ubi amat, quam ubi animat.
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7. IN ISRAEL, -- contra Israel, patrem Dinae.
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11. AD PATREM (Dinae, puta ad Jacobum) ET AD FRATRES EJUS, -- puta ad Ruben, Simeon, Levi aliosque Dinae fratres.
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12. AUGETE DOTEM, -- q. d. Non exigo ut Dina quasi sponsa dotem afferat, sed ipse eam dotabo quantum voletis, idque in compensationem injuriae illi et vobis a me per raptum illatae.
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13. IN DOLO, -- quia pacem simulant, cum caedem Sichimitarum machinantur. Quaerit S. Thomas, q. 105, a. 3, an liceat uti stratagematibus, id est dolis in bello? Et respondet licere, modo non fiat contra justitiam et fidem datam.
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15. Sed in hoc valebimus foederari. -- Non quod propriam circumcisionem suaderent, sed Sichimitis imponebant, ut eos sic debilitarent.
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17. Si autem circumcidi nolueritis. -- Non quod filii Jacob vere vellent Sichimitas esse suae religionis, sed circumcisionem exigebant ut eos debilitarent, et sic facilius trucidarent.
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19. NEC DISTULIT -- Nota ardorem et vehementiam amoris Sichem, qui nec moram pati potuit.
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21. VIRI ISTI PACIFICI. -- Hinc patet Hemor et Sichimitas se circumcidisse, non amore pietatis et religionis Judaicae, sed spe lucri et connubiorum cum Israelitis. EXERCEANT EAM. -- Per agriculturae et pascuae exercitium.
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23. NOSTRA ERUNT, -- per mutua connubia et commercia.
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25. DIE TERTIO, QUANDO GRAVISSIMUS VULNERUM DOLOR EST. -- Infide Josephus dicit Sichimitas dolo oppressos esse a Simeone et Levi, cum conviviis et vino indulgerent. Secundo, perperam Calvinus negat, die tertio gravissimum esse dolorem vulnerum: contrarium enim docet, non Simeon et Levi, ex quorum mente et sensu haec dici putat Calvinus, sed ipse Moses, ipsaque S. Scriptura hic: ejus enim haec sunt verba. Idem docet Hippocrates, lib. De Fracturis, et ratio est, quia primo die, tantum in ipso vulnere divisio sentitur, quae vix durat; secundo die ad locum vulneris fluit pituita, qui est humor lenis et placidus; tertio die defluit eodem bilis, quae acris et calida dolorem ciet: inde sanguine accurrente sequitur inflammatio, febris, etc., quae spatio 24 horarum vix mitescunt. Ita Franciscus Valesius Sacrae Philosophiae cap. XIII.
SIMEON ET LEVI, -- quasi duces cum famulorum turba; caeteri enim fratres huic stragi non interfuerunt, sed post eam factam in spolia irruerunt, ut patet vers. 27. Erat tunc Simeon circiter 21 annorum, Levi 20; ita S. Chrysostomus, Abulensis, Cajetanus et Pererius, et colligitur ex dictis vers. 1.
An filii Jacob peccaverint Quaeres an hi filii Jacob, edendo hanc stragem Sichimitarum, peccarint? Aliqui eos excusant, eo quod justo bello et stratagemate injuriam sorori sibique illatam vindicarint. Cum enim essent exteri, habentes quasi rempublicam separatam, nec Hemor et Sichem, utpote principes populi, ad aliquod superius tribunal protrahere possent, videntur in eos habuisse jus belli, cum nulla alia ratione, quam bello et armis injuriam sibi illatam sarcire possent; in bello autem hoc, cum pauci essent, dolo quasi stratagemate usi sunt, dictitantes: Dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? Sed respondeo eos peccasse, quia contra pacta cum Sichimitis inita, vers. 15, eos invaserunt et trucidarunt. Peccarunt ergo primo, mendacio doloso et pernicioso, ut patet vers. 13. Secundo, perfidia: jam enim injuriam condonarant, accepta justa satisfactione, fidemque dederant foederis, imo connubii. Tertio, imprudentia et inobedientia, quod juvenes ira fervidi, rem tam arduam et periculosam aggressi sint, sine consilio et auctoritate patris, cui sciebant machinationem hanc omnino displicituram. Hinc peccarunt quoque injustitia belli: bellum enim hoc intulerunt Sichimitis privata auctoritate, non publica; haec enim erat in Jacob, quasi in capite et principe familiae, non autem in hisce duobus ejus filiis. Quarto, sacrilegio: circumcisione enim ad dolum suum et injustam caedem abusi sunt. Quinto, crudelitate, quod die tertio doloribus afflictos et quasi moribundos invaserint. Sexto, excessu vindictae: nam non solum Sichem, sed et omnes urbis masculos, in quibus multi erant insontes, necaverunt; pueros et feminas captivarunt; agros omnes et greges praedati sunt, imo et moenia urbis diruerunt, uti satis insinuatur Genes. XLIX, 6. Septimo, temeritate et impietate, quod patrem suum Jacob totamque ejus familiam, odio, neci et praedae Chananaeorum exposuerint. Ita S. Thomas, Cajetanus, Pererius, imo Jacob ipse Genes. cap. XLIX, vers. 5, ubi sic ait: Simeon et Levi vasa iniquitatis bellantia, in consilium eorum non veniat anima mea, quia in furore occiderunt virum, et in voluntate sua suffoderunt murum: maledictus furor eorum, quia pertinax; et indignatio eorum, quia dura.
Explicatur laus Simeonis apud Judith Dices: Judith cap. IX, 2, laudare videtur hoc factum et zelum Simeon et Levi; ait enim: Deus patris mei Simeon, qui dedisti illi gladium in defensionem (graece ekdikisin, id est ultionem) alienigenarum, qui violatores extiterunt in coinquinatione sua, et denudaverunt femur virginis in confusionem, et dedisti mulieres eorum in praedam, et filias illorum in captivitatem, et praedam in divisionem servis tuis, qui zelaverunt zelum tuum. Respondeo: Judith hic laudat non Simeonis, sed Dei justitiam, qua permisit trucidari impuros Sichimitas, usus ad hoc audacia et robore aeque ac scelere et perfidia Simeonis et Levi. Sic enim Deus dicitur dare gladium Chananaeis, Turcis et Paganis, cum eorum viribus et armis utitur ad puniendum peccata fidelium. Sic Isaia cap. X, dicitur: Virga furoris mei Assur. Sic Attila dicebat se esse flagellum Dei. Pari ergo modo dedit Deus gladium, id est fortitudinem, Simeoni et Levi ad ultionem raptus Dinae, sed non tali modo et perfidia peragendam: sic enim ipsi ea abusi sunt: licet enim ipsi id ex zelo fecerint, ut ait Judith, tamen zelus iste fuit contra justitiam, quia contra pacta inita; haec tamen omnia permisit Deus, et ordinavit ad poenam stupri principis eorum. Dicitur ergo dedisse Simeoni gladium ultionis propter duo: primo, quia dedit illi animos, vires et arma, quibus tamen ipse perfide abusus est; secundo, quia hanc perfidiam permisit, et ex proposito ordinavit ad vindictam stupri. Rursum, hisce verbis insinuat Judith, populum suo principi in hoc scelere favisse, eumque in raptu et detentione Dinae juvisse, fovisse, laudasse; ac proinde justo Dei judicio, omnes hac clade involutos fuisse. Tertio, nota hic divinam vindictam libidinis et stupri, quam recte sibi suoque facinori, quo Holophernem obtruncavit, adaptat Judith. Quarto, ait Judith Deum dedisse omnem praedam Sichimorum servis suis, puta Simeoni et Levi, eo quod pudicitiae zelum habuissent, quatenus scilicet hic zelus erat zelus pudicitiae, non autem quatenus indiscretus fuit, injustus, mixtusque cum perfidia aliisque sceleribus. Sic Deus obstetricibus Aegyptiorum, per mendacium servantibus parvulos Hebraeorum, aedificavit domos, non propter mendacium, sed ob pium affectum et beneficium parvulis impensum: in uno enim eodemque opere, aliquid subinde est boni, quod praemiat Deus; et aliquid mali, quod odit et detestatur.
OMNIBUS MASCULIS. -- Plerique enim applauserant suo principi raptori, eumque in raptu juverant.
Nota quod stuprum et raptus fere nunquam sine ingenti parricidio aut bello patracta sunt. Testatur hoc excidium Trojae, ob raptam Helenam. Testatur hoc strages Amnon perpetrata a fratre Absalone, ob vitiatam Thamar. Testatur hoc strages totius tribus Benjamin, ob corruptam uxorem Levitae, Judic. cap. XX. Testantur denique idipsum nostri hi Sichimitae. Quocirca sapienter monet parentes et praeceptores, eisque dat prudens consilium S. Chrysostomus, hom. 59: Refrenemus, ait, puerorum nostrorum impetus, et curemus eorum castitatem, etc.; scientes fornacis incendium, priusquam in luxuria implicentur, studeamus eos juxta legem Dei nuptiis copulare. Et sub finem: Ideo oro ut praebeatur manus pueris nostris, ut ne etiam pro his quae illi peccarunt, poenas sustineamus instar Heli, I Reg. IV.
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26. TOLLENTES DINAM: -- Rupertus ex Philone tradit Dinam postea nupsisse, fuisseque uxorem Job, de qua Job I. Job enim natus est paulo post Dinam, ut patebit cap. sequenti, vers. 36. Verum hoc parum est probabile; nec tale quid in Philone aliisque antiquis reperitur.
Tropologice Philo De Migratione Abrahae: Dina est anima curiosa, quae a bruta natura rapitur ad sensualia, quae periculosa sunt; unde violatur, et mentis puritatem amittit, fitque carnalis et asina: Sichem enim stuprator filius est Hemor, id est asini; sed eum trucidant Levi et Simeon, id est prudentia et fortitudo spiritus, atque ita animae suam integritatem restituunt.
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29. UXORES DUXERUNT CAPTIVAS. -- Cum Jacob caedem hanc, utpote perfidam et temerariam improbet, vers. 30, non dubium est quin ipse illico jusserit captivos omnes remitti, et bona direpta quae supererant, restitui.
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30. TURBASTIS ME. -- Turbastis meam mentem metu et angore, quia anxium et pavidum me fecistis: valde enim metuo ne Chananaei pro vindicta suorum Sichimitarum in me et vos insurgant. Secundo, turbastis meam famam, quia eam tam infami caede maculastis, et quia me odiosum (hebraice foetentem) fecistis Chananaeis. Tertio, turbastis quietem familiae meae, quia eam periculo necis et spoliationis reciprocae exposuistis, apud vicinos circumquaque Palaestinos.
Nota: Perfidia uti et perjurium, maxime turbat Dei convictum et societatem hominum, ideoque tam Deus, quam homines eam solent persequi et ulcisci. Ita Sedecias violans foedus cum Nabuchodonosore initum, ab eo captus, regno spoliatus et excaecatus est. Ita Saul affligens Gabaonitas contra fidem eis datam, famis communis et suorum excidii causa extitit, II Regum XXI. Agathocles, tyrannus Syracusanus, datum hostibus jusjurandum transgressus est, occisisque captivis, ridens ad amicos dixit: Coenati juremus; menti religionem evomamus; sed dire hanc perfidiam luit. Tissaphernes, Persarum dux, foedus cum Agesilao metu initum violavit, eique bellum denuntiavit; quod libenter arripuit Agesilaus, legatisque dixit, se magnam habere gratiam Tissapherni, quod perjurio suo et deos et homines sibi infensos reddidisset, adversae vero parti propitios, teste Plutarcho in Lacon. Alexander Magnus Indos quosdam sibi infestos, contra fidem datam in itinere oppressit: hinc labes ei adhaesit, brevisque et tristis exitus, uti omnes sciunt: testis est Plutarchus in Alexandro. Carthaginensis senatus Saguntum contra foedus, quod Hasdrubal cum Romanis icerat, excisum ab Annibale non tantum probavit, sed et in Romana curia defendit. Verum hoc cavillum et haec perfidia, Carthaginis excidio vindicata fuit. Theodatus, Gothorum rex, bello undique pressus, ad Justinianum Imperatorem misit legatos, pacem petens, eique totum Gallorum et Italorum imperium obtulit: postea vero ex interitu Mundi ducis Justiniani animatus, fidem fefellit, arma movit; sed in iis occubuit, atque a suis interfectus est anno regni tertio. Ita Procopius et Blondus. Aistulphus, Longobardorum rex, quia contra datam fidem Gregorio III Pontifici arma inferebat, Pontifex pacis formulam de vexillo crucis suspensam, exercitui praeferri curavit, cunctis Deum contra perfidum hominem invocantibus: unde a Pipino subactus Aistulphus, misere tandem periit. Carolus Burgundus, audax et invictus, in Lotharingia 250 Helvetios fide circumventos suspendio necavit, mox alios 300 Granseii occidit anno Domini 1476; sed tertio post die Helvetii Carolum aggressi in fugam verterunt, ac tandem sequenti anno eum prorsus ceciderunt et trucidarunt. Quocirca recte Valerius Maximus, lib. IX, cap. VI: Perfidia, ait, tantum incommodi humano generi affert, quantum salutis bona fides praestat. Habeat igitur non minus reprehensionis, quam illa laudis consequitur. Et Tacitus, lib. I Annal.: Proditores, ait, etiam iis quos anteponunt invisi sunt: amant enim ipsi rem, non reum. Praeclare Augustus apud Plutarchum in Apophtheg.: Ego, ait, proditionem amo, proditores non approbo. Acutius vero Philippus Macedo apud Stobaeum, serm. 52, dixit amare se prodituras, non proditores.
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v. 1 « Egressa est autem Dina filia Liae, ut videret mulieres regionis tllius », occasione cuiusdam solemnitatis, inquit Jos. In cuius curiositatem facunde invehitur Bern. (Tract. de gradibus humilitatis et superbiae cap. 10; M.
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182. 958). v. 2 « Quam cum vidisset Sichem, filius Hemor Hevaei , princeps » — vel rectius principis (Calm.) —« terrae zllius, [adamavit eam et| rapuit et dormivit cum lla, vt opprimens virginem ». Egit, quod alii 12,15; 20,2; 26,10 agere attentaverant (Kn.). Nvv3 principem significabat Hebraeis 17,20, Hethaeis 23,6, Ismaelitis 25,16, Hevaeis h.
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1l. — v. 3 « Et conglutinata est anima eius cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis ». Cf. Hebr. —
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v. & « Et pergens ad Hemor patrem suum : Accipe, inquit, mihi puellam hanc coniugem ». Parentum est (cf. 21,21) providere filiis de uxore. qui nomine Israel utatur pro aevo, quo populus Israel nondum exstaret (cf. 47, 27) : potuit enim patriarchae familia Israel appellari, licet populus nondum esset (Del.). nvy* Nb T2, et ita non debuit fieri, hoc non erat secundum morem et decentiam.
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v. 8 « Locutus est itaque Hemor ad eos : Sichem filii mei adhaesit anima filiae vestrae : date eam illi uxorem »,
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v. 9 « et dungamus vicissim connubia : filias vestras tradite nobis, et filias nostras accipite ».
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v. 10 « Et habitate nobiscum », cf. 20,15 : sedes intra fines, quod principis est, offert (Di/Im.). « Terra ?n potestate vestra est : exercete, negotiamzni et possidete eam ». Hebr. : incolite et peragrate eam et sedes figtte in ea. Omnia civium iura et usus concedit.
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v. 11 « Sed et Sichem ad patrem et ad fratres eius ait : Inveniam gratiam coram vobis et, quaecunque statueritis , dabo ».
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v. 19 « Augete dotem et munera postulate, et libenter tribuam quod petieritis : tantum date mihi puellam hanc auzorem ». Putabat Mar., dotem 352 tribuendam fuisse puellae, munera 1n'2 cognatis. At $12 dabatur patri : cf. Ex. 22,16 sq. (15 sq.). v5 intelligit Kn. danda puellae, uti 254,53 : at ib. recensentur munera et puellae et cognatis data, et haec altera h. 1l. intelligere praeplacet, cum reparationem cognatis offerat Sichem, dona autem ab uxore in domum mariti auferenda vix ut reparatio a cognatis accepta considerari queant.
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v. 13 « Responderunt filii Iacob. Sichem et patri eius in dolo, saevientes ob. stuprum sororis ». Sententia ab ?vw incipiens post 217" claudicat, reddit vero rationem vocis 2122 : ergo cum Syr. legenda verba hoc ordine nm-23523 num. Cf. Dilm. — Dolus non solum in eo erat, ut simulata amicitia necem pararent, sed ut legem aliquam circumcisionis ementirentur. Etenim non prohibebantur tum posteri Abrahae ducere filias incirceumeisorum : duxerat ipse Iacob, ducturus erat Iuda. Possumus cum Bonfr. dicere, id paulatim coepisse illicitum haberi, quoad a Moyse lege sit interdictum.
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v. 1& « Non possumus facere quod petitis, nec dare sororem nostram homini inctrcumciso, quod [illicitum et] nefarium est apud nos ».
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v. 15 « Sed in hoc valebimus foederari » seu assentiri, « si volueritis esse similes nostri, el circumcidatur in vobis omne masculini sexus ».
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v. 16 « Tunc dabimus et accipiemus mutuo filias vestras ac nostras, et habitabimus vobiscum, erimusque unus populus ».
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v. 171 « St autem circumcidi nolueritis, tollemus filiam nostram et recedemus ». Videntur porro Hevael id in votis habuisse, ut familia Iacob nonrecederet, quo ipsi numeris et opibus augerentur. | circumcisus est : cuius exemplum maxime valuit ad reliquos, ut idem praestarent, permovendos.
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v. 20 « [ngressique portam urbis », ubi de re publica deliberare consueverant, « locuti sunt ad populum » :
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v. 94 « Viri isti pacifici sunt et volunt habitare nobiscum ». Vulg. uà Sam. pro "av" legebat 13v? : lectio praeferenda attento contextu et v. 10. Etiam quoad sequentia cf. v. 10. « Negotientur in terra et exerceant eam, quae spatiosa [et lata] cultoribus indiget ». avnDT nam: eadem expressio habetur Ps. 103 (104), 25 et Is. 33,21; sensus est spatiosa quoad utrumque latus (cf. Ex. 2,5), late patens. « F?/tas eorum accipiemus uxores , et nostras illis dabimus ».
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v. 22 « Unum est, quo differtur tantum bonum, si circumcidamus masculos nostros , ritum gen- (is imitantes ». Sat libere versum, uti etiam sequentia, sensu manente substantialiter eodem.
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v. 23 « Et substantia eorum et pecora et cuncta, quae possident , nostra erunt », quia erimus unus cum ipsis populus. « Tantum in hoc acquiescamus, et habitantes simul unum efficiemus populum ».
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v. 9& « Assensique sunt omnes, circumcetsis cunctis maribus ».
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v. 95 « Et ecce die tertio, quando gravissimus vulnerum dolor est », — teste experientia tam in reliquis quam in circumcisionis vulneribus; Hebr. : dum essent in doloribus — « arreptis duo filii Iacob, Simeon et Levi, fratres Dinae » ideoque eius prae ceteris ultores, « gladizs tngressi sunt urbem confidenter », sane non sine sociis aliquibus (Ca:.), « interfectisque omnibus masculis »,
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v. 96 » Hemor et Sichem pariter necaverunt , tollentes Dinam de domo Sichem, sororem suam ». Adverbium nva (confidenter) non ad fratres refert CAhald., sed ad urbem : quae habitabat secure; Vat. « incautam » cf. Ez. 30,9. Miratur Dill»»., Ruben se non iunxisse fratribus, virum ait nullibi prostare pro suae gentis honore : tamen non esí vituperandus, quod ab eo scelere abstinuerit; fortasse etiam ipse primogenitus non sibi putabat in re tam gravi inconsulto et, si consuleretur, invito parente esse procedendum.
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v. 97 « Quibus egressis, irruerunt super occisos [ceteri] filii Iacob », non necessario omnes (Ca:.), » et depopulati sunt urbem £n ulttonem stupri », hanc proferebant ipsi excusationem. Movebantur desiderio vindictae, spe lucri et etiam ea ratione, ubi ad arma et necem ventum esset, tutius eam civitatem penitus opprimi , ne ullus opis a vicinis ferendae - reJinqueretur locus.
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v. 28 « Oves eorum et armenta et asinos cunctaque vastantes , quae in domibus et in agris erant »,
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v. 99 « parvulos quoque eorum et wuzores duxerunt captivas ». Sequentia verba Iacob utique demonstrant, rem eo inscio a filiis actam esse (Ca?.) ; tamen reprehensio est sat lenis, non tam facti atrocitatem quam invidiam carpens. Longe severior est reprehensio 49,5 sqq.
34:30
v. 30 « [Quibus patratis audacter), - Unanimes iam sunt interpretes in condemnandis Simeon et Levi. Merito utique stuprum sororis indigne tulerunt illudque potuere vel totius urbis - excidio ulcisci. At amplam reparationem a Sichem oblatam acceptaverant ipsi, pactum ferierant omnino observandum. Gravi dolo cireumvenerunt eos, qui sinceris ad eos animis accesserant; circumcisione sacrilege abusi sunt; doloribus oppressos aggressi, eos qui nulla ratione defendere se possent, ferali crudelitate trucidarunt; hac in re patris auctoritatem, cuius imprimis erat filiae honori prospicere, anticipantes. Cf. Per., Bonfr. etc. Severe factum reprobavit Iacob 49, 5 sqq., Deo inspirante locutus. Cuius verbis non licet opponere encomium Iudith 9, 2, quae non potest demonstrari Deo inspirante esse locuta. Duo eventus commemorantur : altare in Bethel ex voto consecratum v. 1-7, titulus ib. in novae divinae revelationis memoriam erectus v. 9-15; quibus interponitur illud de morte Deborae. Cap. XXXV. Recedendi Bethelam ratio affertur Dei v. 1 mandatum, votum 98,22 ib. exsolvendum; ita etiam subducebantur indignationi accolarum ob vastatam Sichem (Per.).
34:1
… In particolare viene detta s. l'azione per indurre all'idolatria (cf. Deut. 7, 4) e all'impurità (cf. Prov. 5, 20; cf. anche Gen. 34, 1-31; II Sam. 13).
SIMEONE (EBR. ŠIM'ÔN, GRECO ΣΥΜΖΌΝ)
… Partecipò con Levi alla feroce e sleale repressione dei Sichemiti, che avevano disonorato la sorella Dina (ibid. 34, 1-31): il fatto incorse nel biasimo di Giacobbe (ibid. 59,5 sgg.), ma per certo suo aspetto di eroismo e zelo religioso-patriottico fu anche celebrato (Iud. 9, 2). Nel primo viaggio che …
34:2
… Eccitò i suoi compatriotti Sichemiti, rivendicando il governo della città ai discendenti di Emor heveo (Iudc. 9, 28; cfr. Gen. 34, 2).
… Il fatto che in Gen. 36, 2 hā-hīwāš è letto (nei vv. 20, 29) hā-hōrī e che i Settanta traducono hā-hīwāš (in Gen. 34, 2; Ios. 9, 7; 11, 3; Iud. 3, 3) con χορραῦος può provenire da una facile confusione della seconda lettera, ma, secondo E. Speiser, suppone un originale hā-hōrī. …
34:12
Nel diritto ebraico si parla di una somma od equivalente in natura, che lo sposo deve consegnare al padre della fidanzata (cf. Gen. 34, 12; Ex. 22, 16; I Sam. 18, 25; Os. 3, 2). In Deut. 22, 28 sg. si determina a 50 sicili il prezzo che deve sborsare il corruttore di una vergine al padre di questa prima di sposarla. …
34:14
… sgg.; Neh. 10, 30; 13, 23-25). In modo particolare la proibizione valeva per le varie popolazioni cananee della Palestina o delle regioni limitrofe (cf. Ex. 34, 11-16; Deut. 7, 1-4). Ma nei tempi più antichi tale legge appare meno rigorosa (cf. Gen. 34, 14; 41, 45; Ex. 2, 21; Iud. 3, 6; 14, 3.10; Ruth 1, 4). Perfino Mosè aveva per moglie una madianita (Ex. 2, 21; Num. 12, 1). Dopo l'esilio, invece, l'esclusione diоста sempre …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.