Nabuchodonosor sendeth Holofernes his General to Waist al countries of the West. 7. With a great armie, and aboundant munition. 11. They subdue manie places, and others are strooken With great feare.
1In the thirteenth year of the reign of Nabuchodonosor, the two and twentieth day of the first month, the word was given out in the house of Nabuchodonosor king of the Assyrians, that he would revenge himself.L'anno decimo terzo del regno di Nabucodonosor, ai ventidue del mese primo fu tenuto consiglio nella reggia di Nabucodonosor re degli Assiri intorno alla vendetta, ch'ei volea fare.IN the thirtenth yeare of king Nabuchodonosor, the two and twenteth day of the first moneth, the word was geuen out in the house of Nabuchodonosor the king of the Assyrians, that he would reuenge him selfe.Anno tertiodecimo Nabuchodonosor regis, vigesima et secunda die mensis primi, factum est verbum in domo Nabuchodonosor regis Assyriorum ut defenderet se. 2And he called all the ancients, and all the governors, and his officers of war, and communicated to them the secret of his counsel:E convocò tutti i più vecchi, e tutti i capitani suoi, e campioni, e confidò loro il mistero de' suoi disegni:And he called al the ancientes, and al the captaynes, and his men of warre, and communicated with them the secrete of his counsel:Vocavitque omnes majores natu, omnesque duces et bellatores suos, et habuit cum eis mysterium consilii sui: 3And he said that his thoughts were to bring all the earth under his empire.E disse, che era sua intenzione di soggettare al suo impero tutta la terra.and he said that his cogitation was vpon that, to subdew al the earth to his empire.dixitque cogitationem suam in eo esse, ut omnem terram suo subjugaret imperio. 4And when this saying pleased them all, Nabuchodonosor, the king, called Holofernes the general of his armies,E questa proposizione essendo stata approvata da tutti, Nabucodonosor chiamò a se Oloferne, capo delle sue schiere,which saying when it had pleased them al, Nabuchodonosor the king called Holofernes the General of his warres,Quod dictum cum placuisset omnibus, vocavit Nabuchodonosor rex Holofernem principem militiæ suæ, 5And said to him: Go out against all the kingdoms of the west, and against them especially that despised my commandment.E gli disse: Va, porta guerra a tutti i regni, di occidente, e principalmente a quelli, che si son fatti beffe de' miei comandi.and said to him: Goe forth against euerie kingdom of the west, & against them especially, that contemned my commandment.et dixit ei: Egredere adversus omne regnum occidentis, et contra eos præcipue, qui contempserunt imperium eum. 6Thy eye shall not spare any kingdom, and all the strong cities thou shalt bring under my yoke.Tu tratterai senza misericordia qualunque regno, e renderai a me soggette le città forti.Thyne eie shal spare no kingdom, and euerie fensed citie thou shalt subdew to me.Non parcet oculus tuus ulli regno, omnemque urbem munitam subjugabis mihi.
7Then Holofernes called the captains, and officers of the power of the Assyrians: and he mustered men for the expedition, as the king commanded him, a hundred and twenty thousand fighting men on foot, and twelve thousand archers, horsemen.Allora Oloferne chiamò a se i capitani, e i comandanti delle schiere degli Assiri, e scelse il numero di uomini assegnatoli dal re per questa spedizione, cento venti mila combattenti a piedi, e dodici mila a cavallo armati di arco.Then Holofernes called the captaynes, & magistrates of the powre of the Assyrians: and he mustered men for the expedition, as the king commanded him, an hundred twentie thousand fighting men on foote, and twelue thousand archers horsemen.Tunc Holofernes vocavit duces et magistratus virtutis Assyriorum, et dinumeravit viros in expeditionem sicut præcepit ei rex, centum viginti millia peditum pugnatorum, et equitum sagittariorum duodecim millia. 8And he made all his warlike preparations to go before with a multitude of innumerable camels, with all provisions sufficient for the armies in abundance, and herds of oxen, and flocks of sheep, without number.E fece andare innanzi a tutte le sue milizie una innumerabile moltitudine di cammelli con provvisioni pell'esercito in abbondanza, ed anche degli armenti di bovi, e branchi di pecore infinite.And he made al his expedition to goe before in a multitude of inumerable camels, with those thinges that might suffice the armies abundantly, heardes of oxen also, and flockes of sheepe, which had no number.Omnemque expeditionem suam fecit præire in multitudine innumerabilium camelorum, cum his quæ exercitibus sufficerent copiose, boum quoque armenta, gregesque ovium, quorum non erat numerus. 9He appointed corn to be prepared out of all Syria in his passage.E comandò ancora, che da tutta la Siria si preparasser dei grani pel tuo passaggio.He appoynted corne to be prepared out of al Syria in his passage.Frumentum ex omni Syria in transitu suo parari constituit. 10But gold and silver he took out of the king’s house in great abundance.E dalla casa del re prese dell'oro, e dell'argento in grandissima quantità.But gold and siluer he tooke out of the kings house exceding much.Aurum vero et argentum de domo regis assumpsit multum nimis. 11And he went forth he and all the army, with the chariots, and horsemen, and archers, who covered the face of the earth, like locusts.E si mosse egli, e tutto l'esercito coi cocchi, e coi soldati a cavallo, e cogli arcieri, i quali ingombravano la superficie della terra a guisa di locuste.And he went forth and al the armie with the chariotes, & horsemen, and the archers, which couered the face of the earth, as locustes.Et profectus est ipse, et omnis exercitus cum quadrigis, et equitibus, et sagittariis: qui cooperuerunt faciem terræ sicut locustæ.
12And when he had passed through the borders of the Assyrians, he came to the great mountains of Ange, which are on the left of Cilicia: and he went up to all their castles, and took all the strong places.E passati i confini dell'Assiria, giunse alle grandi montagne di Ange, le quali stanno a sinistra della Cilicia, e diede la scalata a tutti i castelli, e si impadronì di tutti i luoghi forti.And when he had passed through the coastes of the Assyrians, he came to the great mountaines of Ange, which are on the left hand of Cilicia: and he went vp into al theit casteles, and wonne euerie fortresse.Cumque pertransisset fines Assyriorum, venit ad magnos montes Ange, qui sunt a sinistro Ciliciæ: ascenditque omnia castella eorum, et obtinuit omnem munitionem. 13And he took by assault the renowned city of Melothus, and pillaged all the children of Tharsis, and the children of Ismahel, who were over against the face of the desert, and on the south of the land of Cellon.Ed espugnò Melothi rinomatissima città, e saccheggiò i figliuoli di Tharsis, e i figliuoli d'Ismaele, i quali abitavano dirimpetto al deserto, a mezzogiorno del paese di Cellon.And he brake downe the renowmed citie of Melothus, and spoyled al the children of Thersis, and the children of Ismael, which wete against the face of the desert, and on the south of the land of Cellon.Effregit autem civitatem opinatissimam Melothi, prædavitque omnes filios Tharsis et filios Ismaël qui erant contra faciem deserti, et ad austrum terræ Cellon. 14And he passed over the Euphrates and came into Mesopotamia: and he forced all the stately cities that were there, from the torrent of Mambre, till one comes to the sea:E passò l'Eufrate, ed entrò nella Mesopotamia, e sforzò tute le superbe città, che erano colà dal torrente Mambre fino al mare:And he passed ouer Euphrates, and came into Mesopotamia: and he brake al the high cities, that were there, from the torrent of Membre, til ye come to the sea:Et transivit Euphraten, et venit in Mesopotamiam: et fregit omnes civitates excelsas quæ erant ibi, a torrente Mambre usquequo perveniatur ad mare: 15And he took the borders thereof, from Cilicia to the coasts of Japheth, which are towards the south.E la occupò interamente dalla Cilicia sino ai confini di Japhet, che sono a mezzodì.and he tooke the borders therof, from Cilicia vnto the coastes of Iapheth, which are toward the south.et occupavit terminos ejus, a Cilicia usque ad fines Japheth qui sunt ad austrum.
16And he carried away all the children of Madian, and stripped them of all their riches, and all that resisted him he slew with the edge of the sword.E menò via tutta la gente di Madian, e predò tutte le loro ricchezze, e uccise di spada tutti quei, che gli fecero resistenza.And he caried away al the children of Madian, and spoyled al their riches, and al that resisted him he slew in the edge of the sword.Abduxitque omnes filios Madian, et prædavit omnem locupletationem eorum, omnesque resistentes sibi occidit in ore gladii. 17And after these things he went down into the plains of Damascus in the days of the harvest, and he set all the corn on fire, and he caused all the trees and vineyards to be cut down.E dipoi calò nelle campagne di Damasco nel tempo della messe, e diede il fuoco a tutte le biade, e fece troncare tutti gli alberi, e le viti.And after these thinges he went downe into the fieldes of Damascus in the daies of haruest, and he set al the corne on fire, and he made al the trees and vineyardes to be cut downe;Et post hæc descendit in campos Damasci in diebus messis, et succendit omnia sata, omnesque arbores, et vineas fecit incidi: 18And the fear of them fell upon all the inhabitants of the land.Ed ei diventò il terrore di tutti gli abitatori della terra.and the feare of him fel vpon al the inhabitantes of the land.et cecidit timor illius super omnes inhabitantes terram.
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Year of the World 3348.
Thirteenth. Greek, 18th.
Month. Nisan, in spring.
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Tacitus
Abditos principis sensus exquirere illicitum. (Tacitus, An. vi.)
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Sallust. Frag
Empire. "The thirst of empire and riches is an old and deep-rooted cause of making war." (Sallust. Frag.)
Haydock
Greek adds, "and they (counsellors) judged that all flesh must be destroyed of those who had not complied with his order." (Haydock)
Calmet
God laughs at the vain designs of men. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Armies. Greek adds, "and the second after himself," in the kingdom. (Menochius)
Casaubon suspects that this drunkard was the king mentioned in history, as having lost the kingdom of Cappadocia, by attempting to introduce the dissolute feasts of Bacchus. (Polyb. xxxii. ap. Athen. 10:11.)
He made his attack first upon this country, ver. 13.
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Calmet
Syria: part of which, it seems, had submitted. (Calmet)
Menochius
Greek, "and corn for every man, in abundance," (Haydock) for fear it should be carried off in the countries which he invaded. (Menochius)
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Archers. Greek adds, "a mixed multitude," not bearing arms, Exodus 12:38.
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Calmet
When. Greek, "and they proceeded from Ninive, three days' journey, to the plain of Bektileth," or Bagdania, in Cappadocia, between Mount Argee and Taurus. Strabo (xii.) assures us that Argee is the highest mountain in the country, from which the two seas of Cilicia and the Euxine may be seen. (Calmet)
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Melothus, or Melita, built by Semiramis, (Pliny, [Natural History?] 6:3.) in the same country.
Tharsis, or Cilicia, peopled by the son of Javan.
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Calmet
Mambre. Greek, "Abrona, (Calmet) or Arbonai;" (Haydock) that is, from the river Chaboras to the Persian Gulf, or sea. (Calmet)
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Greek, "he cut in pieces all who opposed him; and he came to the borders of Japheth, which are on the south, over-against Arabia."
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Haydock
Carried. Greek, "surrounded....and burnt their tents, and plundered their folds for cattle:" mandras. (Haydock)
Calmet
Madian lay to the east of the Dead Sea. (Calmet)
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Calmet
Harvest. The rapidity of his conquests was astonishing, as all this had been done in six or seven weeks, ver. 1. But Holofernes probably sent his lieutenants into different parts at the same time. (Calmet)
Caused. Greek, "he burnt all their fields, and destroyed their flocks and herds, and plundered their cities, and put to the sword all their young men."
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This cruel cōmandment was as cruelly put in execution by Holofernes, ch. 3. •. 11.
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1. Anno tertio decimo Nabuchodonosor. — Graeca habent anno 18. Si vis haec inter se conciliare, dicito annum 13 Nabuchodonosor fuisse 18 ab initio regni Arphaxad, aemuli et hostis sui.
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2. HABUIT CUM EIS MYSTERIUM (id est secretum sive arcanum) CONSILII SUI. — Regum enim consilia, praesertim de subjugandis aliis regibus et gentibus, secreta et arcana sunt.
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4. HOLOFERNEM PRINCIPEM MILITIAE SUAE. — Quaeres: Quis, qualis et quantus fuit Holofernes? Respondeo primo: Cedrenus ait eum fuisse Persam. Nomen enim videtur Persicum, perinde ut Persica nomina sunt Tisaphernes, Artaphernes, Intaphernes, quanquam et apud Assyrios, Armenos et Cappadoces, teste Serario in cap. I, Quaest. IV, et in cap. II, Quaest. I, inveniantur qui nominati sint Holofernes. Si Persa fuit, ideo Persam ducem elegit Nabuchodonosor, ut Persas a Xerxe, jam per cladem a Graecis acceptam contemptibiles effectos ad se alliceret, uti et fecit. Unde cap. ult. vers. 12, dicitur: "Horruerunt Persae constantiam ejus, et Medi audaciam ejus, scilicet Judith:" nam subacto jam Arphaxad et Medis a Nabuchodonosor, multi Medi, et Persae Medis vicini, nomen militiae ipsius dederant. Secundo, Holofernes fuit dux exercitus Nabuchodonosoris, ideoque secundus ab eo, ut habent Graeca: sicut Joseph fuit secundus a Pharaone, Aman ab Assuero, Ephaestion ab Alexandro; unde Zonaras vocat Holofernem Archisatrapam. Tertullianus vero, lib. I Contra Marcion. cap. VII, et S. Augustinus, in Appendice, serm. 66, eum vocant regem, quia potestatem habebat amplissimam, et opes quasi regias. Simili modo Josephus proximus a Pharaone, a Josepho et Philone apud Eusebium, lib. IX Praepar. Evang. vocatur σκηπτούχος, id est sceptriger, hoc est rex: regis enim insigne est sceptrum. Tertio, Franciscus Maironis asserit Holofernem fuisse filium Assueri et Estheris; sed hoc ut novum et inauditum omnes refutant. Quarto, Pagninus in Nom. Hebr. Holofernes, inquit, juxta Graecam etymologiam dictus quasi ὅλος δος: ὅλος enim est totus, φερνή est dos; sunt et qui compositum putant ex Hebraeo et Chaldaeo, et interpretantur fortis dux. Nam parnas Chaldaeis est praefectus, sive dux. Haec Pagninus. Unde ducum Persarum illustrium nomina sunt Phanaspes, Pharnuches, Pharnabas. Quinto, quoad mores Holofernes superbia fastuque, aeque ac fluxu et luxuria similis fuit Nabuchodonosori, ideoque a Judith victus caesusque est, ut patebit ex seq. Graeca addunt, Nabuchodonosor dixisse Holoferni, se cum totis copiis subsecuturum: Egrediar, ait, in furore meo super eos, et operiam omnem terram in pedibus virtutis meae, etc.
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5. ET DIXIT EI: EGREDERE ADVERSUS OMNE REGNUM OCCIDENTIS. — Graeca fusius hoc regis mandatum enarrant, aiuntque: "Haec dicit magnus Rex, Dominus omnis terrae: Ecce tu egrederis a facie mea, et sumes tecum viros, qui suis ipsorum viribus confidant, peditum ad centum viginti millia, et multitudinem equorum cum eorum ascensoribus; multitudinem, inquam, duodecim myriadum, seu centum et viginti millium, et exibis in occursum, sive praelium contra omnem terram quae ad occidentem est, quia oris mei verbo non obtemperarunt, et ipsis denuntiabis ut terram et aquam praeparent, quia egrediar in furore meo contra ipsos, et operiam omnem faciem terrae pedibus mei exercitus, et dabo ipsos illis in direptionem, eorumque vulnerati valles atque torrentes implebunt ipsorum. Fluvius etiam mortuis eorum exundans, complebitur: ipsorumque tandem captivitatem agam, seu propellam in terrae omnis extrema. Tu vero egressus praeoccupabis mihi omnes eorum fines, et ipsi seipsos tibi dedent et tu mihi eos in diem redargutionis eorum reservabis. Contra eos vero, qui rebelles et immorigeri sunt, non parcet oculus tuus, quominus eos in omni terra tua, et in caedem et direptionem des; quia vivo ego, et robur regni mei, quae locutus sum, ea etiam faciam in manu mea. Tu vero non transgredieris, vel unicum verborum Domini tui, sed perficiens perficies sicut praecepi tibi: et nihil cunctabere, ut ea facias." Nota in his Regis verbis to denuntiabis eis ut mihi terram et aquam praeparent, quibus significatur vetus Persarum mos, qui volentes gentem aliquam sibi subjugare, ac ab ea postulantes, ut illa se Persis dederet, ab ea petebant terram et aquam, quasi servitutis symbolum. Haec enim ad vitam humanam sunt necessaria. Unde Aristoteles, libro II Rhet.: "Praebere terram et aquam, inquit, servire est." Hinc cum Darius Hystaspis a Spartanis postularet terram et aquam in signum deditionis, Spartani legatos ejus conjecerunt in puteum, dicentes, ut inde terram et aquam haurirent, quam ad Darium deferrent, uti narrat Herodotus, lib. VII. Unde Xerxes Darii filius non est ausus mittere legatos ad Spartanos, qui ab eis terram et aquam poscerent, ait S. Hieronymus, lib. VIII, et Diodorus, lib. XI. Hinc Alexander Magnus apud Curtium, lib. III, cum Dario Codomano et Persis conflicturus, in oratione ad milites hanc Darii Hystaspis et Xerxis arrogantiam insimulat, ut meminerint se cum Persis dimicare, qui terram et aquam postulare sunt soliti: itaque iis, qui se illis subjicerent, neque fontium haustum, neque cibos, terrae fruges relinquerent. Rursum Herodotus, lib. IV, narrat, Darium Hystaspis ab Indathyrso Scytharum Duce postulasse terram et aquam. Et cum ille misisset "avem, murem, ranam, et quinque sagittas," Darii opinio erat "Scythas se sibi tradere, et terram et aquam," quod "mus" quidem in terra gignatur, et eodem quo homines fructu victitet; "rana" autem in aquis nascatur; "avis" vero sit equo assimilis; at "sagittis" dandis suum ipsorum robur tradere.
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7. ET EQUITUM SAGITTARIORUM DUODECIM MILLIA. — Graeca habent 120 millia, ut jam audivimus: ubi videtur esse mendum in numero, et delenda esse ciphra 0, ut maneant 12 millia, uti habet Noster. Quis enim tot millia equitum in aciem eduxit? Sane Darius contra Alexandrum eduxit equitum duntaxat 44 millia, peditum ducenta, ait Curtius, lib. IV, nisi quis dicat equitum sagittariorum hic fuisse 12; caeterorum vero equitum lanceis, sarissis, bipennibus, etc., armatorum fuisse 108 millia, ut utrisque junctis fierent 120 millia. Forte in Graecis dempto centum, legendum est 20, e quibus 12 millia fuerint sagittariorum, uti etiam habet Graecus; caeteri alterius armaturae.
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12. VENIT AD MAGNOS MONTES ANGE, QUI SUNT A SINISTRO CILICIAE. — Ange ergo tum montes vocabantur, qui erant a sinistro Ciliciae, ex quibus ortus est Philtes Angaeus, de quo Curtius, libro III, apud Herodotum lib. VII, nominatur Rangaeus mons magnus, et apud alios. 13. Effregit (expugnavit) autem civitatem opinatissimam (famosissimam, opibusque et robore nominatissimam) Melothi ("Melothi" Hebraice idem est quod plenitudo, scilicet opum et hominum: talis enim erat in Melothi) praedavitque (praedatus est) omnes filios Tharsis. — Hi sunt de quibus dicitur, lib. II Mach. IV, 30: "Contigit Tharsenses et Mallotas seditionem movere, eo quod Antiochidi Regis concubinae dono essent dati." Tharsis enim fuit nepos Japhet, Gen. X, a quo mare Mediterraneum, et Cilicia ejus terminus, indeque quodvis mare vocatum est Tharsis, uti dixi Isaiae II, 16. 14. Mambre. — Graeca habent Arbonai. 15. Usque ad fines Japhet, — significatur Joppe, ait Serarius, quae et hodie vocatur Japha, ac Turcis Zapha: nam, ut ait Plinius, lib. V, cap. XIII: "Vicus Joppes Phoenicum antiquior terrarum inundatione," ut ferunt.
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16. ABDUXITQUE. — Graece ἐκύκλωσε, id est circumdedit, cinxit.
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17. ET SUCCENDIT OMNIA SATA. — Graeca habent: Greges et armenta absumpsit, urbes diripuit, agros depopulatus est, juvenes ipsorum omnes in ore gladii percussit.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.