MONCEAUX, PAUL. — French historian and archaeologist, born in Auxerre on 29 May 1859, died in Sceaux on 7 February 1941.
Professor of the history of Latin literature at the Collège de France in Paris, where in 1907 he succeeded Bosisier, he devoted himself to the study of Christian literature in Africa and published, in 7 volumes from 1901 to 1923, a *Histoire littéraire de l’Afrique chrétienne* from Tertullian to St Augustine. The importance of this work lies in the fact that the greater part of it (the last 4 volumes) is dedicated to the examination of Donatism. The seventh and final volume deals in particular with the struggle waged by St Augustine against this heresy. Every anti-Donatist writing of the bishop of Hippo is minutely analysed by Monceaux, and for each one he provides the exact date of composition and the circumstances that determined its drafting. Professor at the École des Hautes-Études, he published notable contributions in the *Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres*; he was also a contributor to the *Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France*, the *Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques*, the *Revue de philologie*, the *Revue archéologique*, the *Journal des savants*, and the *Revue des deux mondes*. Among his other works, the following may be mentioned: *Les proxénies grecques* (1884); *La Grèce avant Alexandre* (1892); *Les Africains: étude sur la littérature païenne d’Afrique* (1894); *Examen critique des documents relatifs au martyre de St Cyprien* (1901); *Les actes de St Crispine, martyre de Théveste* (1903); *Enquête sur l’épigraphie chrétienne d’Afrique* (1903); *Un ouvrage du donatiste Fulgentius* (1907); *L’inscription des martyrs de Dougga et les banquets des Martyrs en Afrique*, in *Bulletin archéologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques*, 1908, pp. 87–104; *Un couvent de femmes à Hippone au temps de St Augustin*, in *Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres*, 1913, pp. 570–595; *Ciuciul chrétien*, in *Memorie della Pont. Accad. Rom. di Archeol.*, 3rd series, part I (1923), pp. 89–112; *Le manichéen Faustus de Milev* (1924); *S. Martin* (1926); *St-Augustin et St-Antoine*, in *Miscellanea Augustiniana*, II, Rome 1931, p. 61 ff.; *St Jérôme. Sa jeunesse, l’étudiant, l’ermite* (1932).