Esther is graciously received: she inviteth the king and Aman to dinner, Aman prepareth a gibbet for Mardochai.
Esther standing in the kings sight he calleth her, 4. she requesteth that he and Aman wil dine with her. 7. Againe she inuiteth them. 9. Aman is more incensed against Mardocheus, prepareth high gallowes to hang him on.
1And on the third day Esther put on her royal apparel, and stood in the inner court of the king’s house, over against the king’s hall: now he sat upon his throne in the hall of the palace, over against the door of the house.Il terzo giorno si vestì Esther del manto reale, e andò nell'atrio interiore dell'appartamento del re, e si fermò dirimpetto alla sala del re. Egli era assiso sul suo trono nel fondo del palazzo dirimpetto alla porta della sala.AND the third day Esther put on royal garmentes, and stood in the court of the kings house, which was the inner agaynst the kings hal: but he sate vpon his throne in the consistorie of the palace, against the doore of the house.Die autem tertio induta est Esther regalibus vestimentis, et stetit in atrio domus regiæ, quod erat interius, contra basilicam regis: at ille sedebat super solium suum in consistorio palatii contra ostium domus. 2And when he saw Esther the queen standing, she pleased his eyes, and he held out toward her the golden sceptre, which he held in his hand and she drew near, and kissed the top of his sceptre.Or quando egli ebbe veduta la regina Esther, che si era soffermata, ella piacque a' suoi occhi, e le presentò il bastone di oro, che aveva in mano; ed ella si appressò, e baciò la punta del bastone.And when he had seene Esther the queene standing, she pleased his eies, and he put forth toward her the golden rod, which he held in his hand: who going neere, kissed the top of his rod.Cumque vidisset Esther reginam stantem, placuit oculis ejus, et extendit contra eam virgam auream, quam tenebat manu: quæ accedens, osculata est summitatem virgæ ejus. 3And the king said to her: What wilt thou, queen Esther? what is thy request? if thou shouldst even ask one half of the kingdom, it shall be given to thee.E dissele il re: Che vuoi tu, regina Esther? che domandi? Quand'anche tu chiedessi la metà del regno, ti sarà data.And the king said to her: What wilt thou queene Esther? what is thy request? yea if thou wilt aske the halfe part of the kingdom, it shal be geuen thee.Dixitque ad eam rex: Quid vis, Esther regina ? quæ est petitio tua ? etiam si dimidiam partem regni petieris, dabitur tibi. 4But she answered: If it please the king, I beseech thee to come to me this day, and Aman with thee to the banquet which I have prepared.Ed ella rispose: Se così piace al re, io supplico, che tu venga oggi da a me, al convito da me preparato, e teco Aman.But she answered: If it please the king, I beseech thee that thou come to me this day, and Aman with thee to a banket, which I haue prepared.At illa respondit: Si regi placet, obsecro ut venias ad me hodie, et Aman tecum, ad convivium quod paravi.
5And the king said forthwith: Call ye Aman quickly, that he may obey Esther’s will. So the king and Aman came to the banquet which the queen had prepared for them.E subito il re disse: Si chiami Aman, affinchè faccia quello, che Esther vuole. Così il re, e Aman andarono al convito preparato dalla regina.And the king forthwith, cal ye Aman, quoth he, quickly, that he may obey Esthers wil. The king therfore and Aman came to the banket, which the queene had prepared for them.Statimque rex: Vocate, inquit, cito Aman ut Esther obediat voluntati. Venerunt itaque rex et Aman ad convivium, quod eis regina paraverat. 6And the king said to her, after he had drunk wine plentifully: What dost thou desire should be given thee? and for what thing askest thou? although thou shouldst ask the half of my kingdom, thou shalt have it.E il re dopo che ebbe bevuto del vino in copia, le disse: Che vuoi tu ch'io ti faccia dare? e che domandi tu? è Quand'anche tu chiedessi la metà del mio regno, la otterrai.And the king said to her, after that he had drunke wine aboundantly. What doest thou desire to be geuen thee? and for what thing askest thou? although thou aske the half part of my kingdom, thou shalt obteyne.Dixitque ei rex, postquam vinum biberat abundanter: Quid petis ut detur tibi ? et pro qua re postulas ? etiam si dimidiam partem regni mei petieris, impetrabis. 7And Esther answered: My petition and request is this:Risposegli Esther: La mia domanda, e le mie preghiere son queste:To whom Esther answered: My petition, and requestes are these:Cui respondit Esther: Petitio mea, et preces sunt istæ: 8If I have found favour in the king’s sight, and if it please the king to give me what I ask, and to fulfil my petition: let the king and Aman come to the banquet which I have prepared them, and to morrow I will open my mind to the king.Se io ho trovato grazia dinanzi a te, e se al re piace di concedermi quello, ch'io domando, e di esaudire la mia preghiera, venga il re, e Aman al convito, che io ho lor preparato, e domane svelerò al re le mie brame.If I haue found grace in the kings sight, and if it please the king to geue that which I aske, and to fulfil my petition: let the king and Aman come to the banket, which I haue prepared them, and to morrow I wil open my wil to the king.si inveni in conspectu regis gratiam, et si regi placet ut det mihi quod postulo, et meam impleat petitionem: veniat rex et Aman ad convivium quod paravi eis, et cras aperiam regi voluntatem meam.
9So Aman went out that day joyful and merry. And when he saw Mardochai sitting before the gate of the palace, and that he not only did not rise up to honour him, but did not so much as move from the place where he sat, he was exceedingly angry:Se n'andò dunque quel giorno Aman lieto, e festante. Ma avendo veduto Mardocheo, che sedeva dinanzi alle porte del palazzo, e che non solamente non si era alzato per salutarlo, ma neppur si era mosso dal posto, ove sedeva, ne prese ira grande:Aman therfore went forth that day ioyful and merie. And when he had seene Mardocheus sitting before the doores of the palace, and not onlie not to haue risen vp to him, but not so much as to haue moued from the place where he sate, he was wrath excedingly:Egressus est itaque illo die Aman lætus et alacer. Cumque vidisset Mardochæum sedentem ante fores palatii, et non solum non assurrexisse sibi, sed nec motum quidem de loco sessionis suæ, indignatus est valde: 10But dissembling his anger, and returning into his house, he called together to him his friends, and Zares his wife:Ma dissimulando lo sdegno se ne tornò a casa sua, e convocò i suoi amici con Zares sua moglie:and dissembling his anger, and returning into his house, he called together vnto him his freindes, and Zares his wife:et dissimulata ira reversus in domum suam, convocavit ad se amicos suos, et Zares uxorem suam, 11And he declared to them the greatness of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and with how great glory the king had advanced him above all his princes and servants.E rammentò loro le sue grandi ricchezze, la turba de' figliuoli, e a quanta gloria lo avesse innalzato il re sopra tutti i principi, e cortigiani suoi.and he declared to them the greatnesse of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and with how great glorie the king had aduanced him aboue al his princes and seruantes.et exposuit illis magnitudinem divitiarum suarum, filiorumque turbam, et quanta eum gloria super omnes principes et servos suos rex elevasset. 12And after this he said: Queen Esther also hath invited no other to the banquet with the king, but me: and with her I am also to dine to morrow with the king:E poscia disse: Anche la regina Esther nissun altro ha chiamato col re al convito fuori di me, e da lei desinerò anche domani col re.And after these things he said. Queene Esther also hath called none other to the banket with the king, but me: with whom to morow also I shal dine with the king.Et post hæc ait: Regina quoque Esther nullum alium vocavit ad convivium cum rege præter me: apud quam etiam cras cum rege pransurus sum.
13And whereas I have all these things, I think I have nothing, so long as I see Mardochai the Jew sitting before the king’s gate.E contuttoché io mi abbia tante cose, non mi pare di aver nulla, fino a tanto che io vedrò il Giudeo Mardocheo a sedere dinanzi alla porta reale.And wheras I haue al these things, I thinke I haue nothing so long as I shal see Mardocheus the Iew sitting before the kings doores.Et cum hæc omnia habeam, nihil me habere puto, quamdiu videro Mardochæum Judæum sedentem ante fores regias. 14Then Zares his wife, and the rest of his friends answered him: Order a great beam to be prepared, fifty cubits high, and in the morning speak to the king, that Mardochai may be hanged upon it, and so thou shalt go full of joy with the king to the banquet. The counsel pleased him, and he commanded a high gibbet to be prepared.Ma Zares sua moglie, e gli amici tutti gli risposero: Ordina che si ammannisca una gran trave alta cinquanta cubiti; e domattina di' al re, che sia fatto ad essa appiccar Mardocheo, e così andrai contento al convito. Piacque a lui questo consiglio, e ordinò, che fosse preparata la trave.And Zares his wife, & the rest of his frendes answered him: Cōmand a great beame to be prepared, hauing fiftie cubites in height, and speake in the morning to the king, that Mardocheus may be hanged vpon it, and so thou shalt goe ioyful with the king to the banket. The counsel pleased him, and he commanded an high gallowes to be prepared.Responderuntque ei Zares uxor ejus, et ceteri amici: Jube parari excelsam trabem, habentem altitudinis quinquaginta cubitos, et dic mane regi ut appendatur super eam Mardochæus, et sic ibis cum rege lætus ad convivium. Placuit ei consilium, et jussit excelsam parari crucem.
5:1
Year of the World 3495.
Calmet
And. Instead of these two verses, the Septuagint place (Haydock) what we have [in] Esther 15., with some small variation from the present account in Hebrew. But there is nothing incompatible with the truth. (Calmet)
Tirinus
The king might be at first displeased; but, seeing the effect which it had upon Esther, he might feel his former sentiments of love rekindle. (Calmet) (Tirinus)
Calmet
House, or inner apartment, Esther 4:11. The throne was surprizingly magnificent, yet inferior to that of Solomon, 3 Kings 10:18. (Calmet)
It was formed of gold and precious stones, with a curtain over it of purple and other colours. (Athen. 11:2.)
5:2
Calmet
Golden. "It is not this golden sceptre which saves the kingdom," said Cyrus, "but faithful friends are the most true and secure sceptre for kings." (Cyrop. viii.) (Calmet)
Haydock
Kissed. Hebrew, "touched." (Haydock)
5:3
Kingdom. Esther 7:2. This compliment only (Calmet) meant, that every rational (Haydock) request should be granted, Mark. 6:23.
5:4
Menochius
Prepared. It was not prudent to declare her request, when many improper persons were present; and Aman was not there. (Menochius)
Menochius
She thought that the hilarity, occasioned by innocent feasting, (Haydock) might be a means of obtaining more effectually what she wanted. (Menochius)
Worthington
If the prudence of this world suggest much address, why may not virtue employ the same arts for good purposes? Esther had to obtain two great points; to make the king retract his edict, and to abandon his favourite. She is afraid therefore of being too hasty, (Calmet) and invites the king again, to increase by this delay his desire of knowing her request, and that he might bind himself to grant it more effectually. (Worthington)
Tirinus
She invites Aman alone, who would thus be more envied by the other courtiers; (Lyranus) while she manifested an open dispostion, and disdained to accuse the absent. (Tirinus)
5:6
Aelian
Wine. The Persians did not drink till the end of the feast, (as the Turks are said to do at present. Tavernier) when they fall upon wine without any moderation. (Aelian, Hist. 12:1.)
5:11
Children. After military glory, this was deemed the greatest. The king sent presents yearly to those who had most children. (Herodotus 1:136.)
5:12
Plut
But me. It was thought very singular, when Artaxerxes invited his own brothers. (Plut.)
Athen. i
But when he also admitted a foreigner, the nobility became jealous, as that honour was reserved for the king's relations. (Athen. i.)
Calmet
Dine, or feast. Only one meal was taken, (Herodotus 7:120.) and that in the evening. (Calmet)
5:13
Haydock
Whereas. Septuagint, "all these things do not satisfy me, while I behold," etc. Such is the insatiable nature of ambition! (Haydock)
Menochius
Gate. He does not clearly mention that he wanted to be adored. (Menochius)
5:14
Suetonius ix
High. This was to increase the shame. Hence Galba condemned a Roman citizen to be hung on a high white cross. (Suetonius ix.)
Calmet
The Jews formerly burned a man in effigy with a cross, pretending to do it in detestation of Aman, but in reality to deride our Saviour, till the emperors forbade the custom, Esther 9:21. (Calmet) (Just. and Theodos.) (Calmet)
5:1
H
I ch. 15. v. 4.
5:2
K
5:7
This prudence in delaying to propose her petition, increased the kings desire to know it, moued him to promise more assuredly, & so bond him the more to accomplish it.
5:1
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 A Treatise on the Grace of Christ, and on Original Sin 1.25
… and the queen was afraid, and her colour changed as she fainted, and she bowed herself upon the head of the maid that went before her;
5:1
1. HE STOOD IN THE COURT OF THE KING'S HOUSE, WHICH WAS INNER, OVER AGAINST THE KING'S BASILICA. Basilica here is called the royal hall; namely the innermost chamber of the king surrounded by precious hangings, where there was a golden throne, on which the king sat, gleaming with gold and gems, holding a golden scepter in his hand; for Basilica in Greek is the house of the king; for βασιλεύς is king. It is also called "the consistory of the palace;" thus from Dio, Philostratus, Apuleius and Aeschylus, according to Serarius. For around the king in it the Princes and Palatines used to stand. Esther therefore did not enter this innermost chamber of the king, but the inner court adjacent to it, so that she could be seen by the king sitting in the innermost chamber through the doorway. For the king sat "over against the door of the house."
5:2
2. AND WHEN HE SAW ESTHER THE QUEEN STANDING, SHE FOUND FAVOR IN HIS SIGHT. Here it must be supplied and placed before from chapter xv, verse 9, that the king at first sight looked upon Esther with furious and sparkling eyes and terrified her, because she had approached him without being called: but Esther, struck down and having fainted once and again, fell, soon the king ran to her, and extending his scepter toward her, he cajoled her, and she recovered herself, concerning which it is to be said in chapter xv. AND HE HELD OUT TO HER THE GOLDEN ROD, namely the golden scepter, which he held in his hand, by this extension signifying his clemency and benevolence toward her, so that she might safely approach him without being called, contrary to the law. Allegorically the golden rod is the Blessed Virgin, through whom God, offended with the whole human race, was reconciled to it, of whom Balaam prophesied, Num. chapter xxiv, toward the end saying: "There shall rise a star (the Blessed Virgin, who is the true Esther, and ἀστήρ) out of Jacob, and a rod shall spring up out of Israel, and shall strike the chiefs of Moab, and shall waste all the children of Seth." "This is," says Blessed Peter Damian, sermon On the Assumption, "that rod by which the assaults of opposing demons are repelled, the rod of Aaron by which miracles are wrought. But the staff of the Cross is to be understood, by which not only was he beaten, but that insatiable murderer was slain, who feeds upon and is nourished by the deaths of men. In the Virgin the rod, and in the staff the Cross, the hope and consolation of the wretched is contained, as the sublime Prophet declares with clear voice: Thy rod, he says, and thy staff, they have comforted me."
5:6
6. EVEN IF THOU SHOULDEST ASK THE HALF OF MY KINGDOM, THOU SHALT OBTAIN IT. God was more liberal toward the Blessed Virgin than Ahasuerus, who granted to her the whole empire of his kingdom, namely of heaven. Whence the Angels girded themselves to her as to their own queen at Rome at the castle of St. Angelo: "Queen of heaven, rejoice, alleluia," as I have narrated more fully elsewhere. For to her as to his mother Christ can deny nothing: wherefore the greatest benefit of God to men after the Word incarnate is the Blessed Virgin; for he gave her to us, so that through her we might obtain all things from him, so that she herself might open to us all the treasures of clemency, omnipotence and divinity and bestow upon us all the graces hidden in them through her son.
5:8
8. LET THE KING AND AMAN COME TO THE BANQUET WHICH I HAVE PREPARED FOR THEM. The Greek texts add that Esther gave the reason for the invitation, saying: "My day is notable today;" that is to say, Today is a feast day for me, and therefore it is to be celebrated and a banquet prepared; I therefore call the king, so that he may honor it with his presence. Prudently Esther invited the king a second time to the banquet, so that in it she might lay before the king her petition for the salvation of the Jews. First, so that gradually she might inflame the king more in love of her, so that he could deny her nothing. For it was a difficult and very hard matter to ask the king to revoke his edict concerning the death of the Jews already issued and promulgated, contrary to the custom of the kings of the Persians and Medes. Second, because she did not dare to ask it publicly in such a great throng of attending nobles, because they themselves would have said that the law issued according to the custom of kings could not be revoked. Therefore she asked and obtained it from the king in secret in the banquet; secretly indicating that she was a Jewess, which it would have been dangerous to do publicly before the princes. Third, she invited only Aman with the king, so that she might bring him into the envy and hatred of the other Satraps, says Lyra. Fourth, because she knew that in the banquet the king would be made more cheerful by more abundant drinking, and would be more liberal in granting requests. Thus even now prudent men, when they ask something difficult from someone, do not do so in the morning, when the mind and countenance are more austere from fasting, but after lunch and a banquet, when they have made him cheerful with wine, they ask and obtain. Some add that it was the custom of the kings of the Persians that they deny nothing to anyone in a banquet. Certainly Herodotus in the ninth book writes that among the Persians it is unlawful for the king to refuse anything in a banquet, which he used to institute yearly on that day on which the king was created.
5:9
9. AND WHEN HE SAW MORDECAI SITTING BEFORE THE GATES OF THE PALACE, AND NOT ONLY HAD HE NOT RISEN UP TO HIM, BUT NOT EVEN MOVED FROM THE PLACE OF HIS SITTING, HE WAS VERY MUCH DISPLEASED. This was great constancy of Mordecai, that to Aman, the most wicked enemy plotting destruction for the whole Jewish nation, he did not even rise up, so that he might show his trust in God, and by the deed itself reproach Aman's own pride and cruelty.
5:13
13. AND WHEN I HAVE ALL THESE THINGS, I THINK MYSELF TO HAVE NOTHING, SO LONG AS I SEE MORDECAI. Therefore, O Haman, Mordecai torments you more than you torment him: you therefore have nothing without Mordecai, because Mordecai has all things, and therefore you have nothing. With good reason does St. Bernard exclaim, book I On Consideration: "Ambition of the ambitious is a cross; how does it torment all, yet please all? Nothing torments more bitterly, nothing disturbs more troublesomely, yet nothing is more celebrated among wretched mortals in its affairs," and sermon IV On the Ascension: "This is the mountain upon which the Angel ascended, and became the devil." Wittily St. Anselm, book On Similitudes, chapter LXXVII, compares honor to a butterfly: "Thus," he says, "do those act who desire the honors of this world, as boys who pursue a butterfly. For butterflies, when they fly, never keep a straight path: but they move hither and thither; when they seem to rest somewhere, they do not remain there long. But these boys, while they wish to catch them, hasten to run after them quickly, and because they attend not to their own feet, but to the butterflies, sometimes they fall into a pit. Often when they approach carefully and attempt to seize them, the butterflies fly away: when they have caught them, they exult over nothing, as if they had obtained something great. Similarly do those act who desire the honors of this world. For the honors of this world never keep a certain path, but by unceasing detours they fly from one to another."
5:14
14. HE COMMANDED A HIGH CROSS TO BE PREPARED. But the cross which you prepared for Mordecai, O Haman, you have fixed for yourself. For upon it you shall soon be hanged, according to that in Ecclesiasticus chapter xxvii, verse 29: "He that diggeth a pit shall fall into it, and he that setteth a stone for his neighbor, shall stumble upon it; and he that layeth a snare for others, shall perish in it." See the sayings there. Moreover, he commanded a cross rather than a pyre, sword, or other torment to be prepared, because the cross was customary among the Persians, and was most ignominious. The Chaldean Manuscript gives another reason from the Rabbis, whom hear: "His wife Zares said to her husband Haman: You will not be able to cast Mordecai into fire, because Abraham his father was delivered from it. You will not be able to drown him in waters, because Moses and the children of Israel were delivered from it. You will not be able to cast him into a lion's den, because the Prophet Daniel was delivered from it. Nevertheless let them make a gallows in height of fifty cubits, and in the morning tell the King that Mordecai be hanged upon it; because in this never was one of those proved to be delivered on a wooden gallows." But these are the usual fabrications of Rabbinic wit.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
5:6
Antipas (Antipas: contracted form of Antipater, Ἀντίπατρος), Julius Herod
Because of differences in detail with respect to Flavius Josephus (name of the husband of Herodias, Herod-Philip [Mk. 6:17], age of Salome, motive for the killing) and because of the similarity of the account in Esth. 5:6, M. Dibelius (Die urchristliche Überlieferung von Johannes dem Täufer, in Forschungen zur Rel. u. Lit. des A. u. N. Test., 15 [1911], pp. 123-29), and A. Loisy (Les évangiles …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.