Nehemias blameth couetous richmen, for oppressing the poore. 14. himselfe geueth largely of his owne to the needie.
1Now there was a great cry of the people, and of their wives against their brethren the Jews.Allora fu, che il popolo, e le loro mogli alzaron le strida contro de' loro fratelli Giudei.AND there was a great crie of the people, and of their wiues against their brethren the Iewes.Et factus est clamor populi et uxorum ejus magnus adversus fratres suos Judæos. 2And there were some that said: Our sons and our daughters are very many: let us take up corn for the price of them, and let us eat and live.E alcuni di essi dicevano: Noi abbiam troppi figliuoli, e troppe figliuole; prendiamo pel prezzo di essi del grano per mangiare, e vivere.And there were that said. Our sonnes and our daughters are verie manie: let vs take corne for the price of them, and let vs eate, and liue.Et erant qui dicerent: Filii nostri et filiæ nostræ multæ sunt nimis: accipiamus pro pretio eorum frumentum, et comedamus, et vivamus. 3And there were some that said: Let us mortgage our lands, and our vineyards, and our houses, and let us take corn because of the famine.Altri poi dicevano: Impegniamo i nostri poderi, e le vigne, e le nostre case, e prendiamo del grano per cacciar la fame.And there were that sayd: Let vs pledge our fieldes, and vineyardes, and our houses, and let vs take corne in famine.Et erant qui dicerent: Agros nostros, et vineas, et domus nostras opponamus, et accipiamus frumentum in fame. 4And others said: Let us borrow money for the king’s tribute, and let us give up our fields and vineyards:Altri dicevano: Prendiamo in prestito del denaro per pagare il tributo al re, e impegniamo i nostri campi, e le vigne.And others sayd: Let vs borow money for the kings tributes, and let vs giue our fields and vineyardes,Et alii dicebant: Mutuo sumamus pecunias in tributa regis, demusque agros nostros et vineas: 5And now our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren: and our children as their children. Behold we bring into bondage our sons and our daughters, and some of our daughters are bondwomen already, neither have we wherewith to redeem them, and our fields and our vineyards other men possess.Or quale è la carne de' nostri fratelli, tale è la nostra: e i nostri figliuoli sono da quanto i loro: e noi diamo in ischiavitù i nostri figliuoli, e le nostre figliuole, e non abbiamo il modo di riscattare quelle nostre figliuole, che sono schiave, e i nostri campi, e le nostre vigne sono in potere di altri.and now as the flesh of our bretheren, so is our flesh: and as their children so also our children. behold we subdew our sonnes, and our daughters into bondage, and our daughters there are bond we men neither haue we where with they may be redemed, and our fieldes and our vineyardes other men doe possesse.et nunc sicut carnes fratrum nostrorum, sic carnes nostræ sunt: et sicut filii eorum, ita et filii nostri: ecce nos subjugamus filios nostros et filias nostras in servitutem, et de filiabus nostris sunt famulæ, nec habemus unde possint redimi: et agros nostros et vineas nostras alii possident.
6And I was exceedingly angry when I heard their cry according to these words.Quand'io ebbi udite le loro strida, e questa maniera di parlare, ne sentii grande sdegno.And I was exceding angrie, when I had heard their crie according to these wordes.Et iratus sum nimis cum audissem clamorem eorum secundum verba hæc: 7And my heart thought with myself: and I rebuked the nobles and magistrates, and said to them: Do you every one exact usury of your brethren? And I gathered together a great assembly against them,E dopo matura riflessione ripresi agramente i magnati, e i magistrati, e dissi loro: Voi adunque, quanti siete, prendete l'usura da' vostri fratelli? E convocai una grande adunanza contro di essi.And my hart thought with my selfe: and I rebuked the princes and magistrates, and sayd to them: Do you euery one exact vsuries of your brethen? and I gathered against them a great assemblie,cogitavitque cor meum mecum, et increpavi optimates et magistratus, et dixi eis: Usurasne singuli a fratribus vestris exigitis ? Et congregavi adversum eos concionem magnam, 8And I said to them: We, as you know, have redeemed according to our ability our brethren the Jews, that were sold to the Gentiles: and will you then sell your brethren, for us to redeem them? And they held their peace, and found not what to answer.E dissi loro: Voi sapete, come noi secondo la nostra possibilità abbiam riscattati i Giudei venduti alle genti: e voi venderete i vostri fratelli, perché noi li ricomperiamo? E quelli si tacquero, e non seppero che rispondere.and I sayd to them: We as you know, haue redemed our bretheren the Iewes, that were sold to the gentiles, according to our abilitie: and wil you therfore sel your bretheren, and shal we redeme them? And they held their peace, neither did they find what to answer.et dixi eis: Nos, ut scitis, redemimus fratres nostros Judæos, qui venditi fuerant gentibus secundum possibilitatem nostram: et vos igitur vendetis fratres vestros, et redimemus eos ? Et siluerunt, nec invenerunt quid responderent. 9And I said to them: The thing you do is not good: why walk you not in the fear of our God, that we be not exposed to the reproaches of the Gentiles our enemies?E io dissi loro: Quello, che voi fate, non è ben fatto: per qual motivo non camminate voi nel timore del nostro Dio, affinchè non diventiamo lo scherno delle genti, che ci odiano?And I sayd to them: The thing is not good, which you doe: why walke you not in the feare of our God, lest we be vpbrayded with al the gentiles our enimies?Dixique ad eos: Non est bona res quam facitis: quare non in timore Dei nostri ambulastis, ne exprobretur nobis a gentibus inimicis nostris ?
10Both I and my brethren, and my servants, have lent money and corn to many: let us all agree not to call for it again; let us forgive the debt that is owing to us.Or io, e i miei fratelli, e la mia gente abbiamo a moltissimi dato in prestito grano, e denaro: accordiamoci tutti a non ripetere, e a rimettere tutto questo debito.I also and my bretheren, and my seruantes, haue lent money and corne to very manie: let vs not aske this againe in common, let vs remitte them the debt, that is dewe to vs.Et ego, et fratres mei, et pueri mei commodavimus plurimis pecuniam et frumentum. Non repetamus in commune istud: æs alienum concedamus quod debetur nobis. 11Restore ye to them this day their fields, and their vineyards, and their oliveyards, and their houses: and the hundredth part of the money, and of the corn, the wine, and the oil, which you were wont to exact of them, give it rather for them.Rendete oggi ad essi i loro campi, e le vigne, e gli uliveti, e le case: anzi la centesima del denaro, grano, e vino, e olio, che voi solete esiger da loro, pagatela voi per essi.Restore ye to them their fieldes this day, and their vineyards, and their oliuets, and their houses: yea the hundreth part also of money, corne, wine and oyle, which you were wont to exact of them, giue it rather for them.Reddite eis hodie agros suos, et vineas suas, et oliveta sua, et domos suas: quin potius et centesimum pecuniæ, frumenti, vini et olei, quam exigere soletis ab eis, date pro illis. 12And they said: We will restore, and we will require nothing of them: and we will do as thou sayest. And I called the priests and took an oath of them, to do according to what I had said.E quelli dissero: Restituiremo, e non cercheremo nulla da loro: e faremo, come tu dici. E chiamai i sacerdoti, e feci, che quelli giurasser di fare, come io avea detto.And they sayd: We wil restore, and we wil seeke nothing of them: and we wil do so as thou speakest. And I called the Priestes, and adiured them, to do according to that which I had sayd.Et dixerunt: Reddemus, et ab eis nihil quæremus: sicque faciemus ut loqueris. Et vocavi sacerdotes, et adjuravi eos ut facerent juxta quod dixeram. 13Moreover I shook my lap, and said: So may God shake every man that shall not accomplish this word, out of his house, and out of his labours, thus may he be shaken out, and become empty. And all the multitude said: Amen. And they praised God. And the people did according to what was said.E io scossi oltre a ciò la mia veste, e dissi: Così scuota Dio chiunque non osserverà questa parola, dalla sua casa, e da' suoi beni: così sia scosso, e resti senza niente. E tutta la moltitudine rispose: Amen. E lodarono Dio. E il popolo fece, come si era detto.Moreouer I shooke my bosome, and sayd: God so shake euery man, that shal not accomplish this word, out of his house, and out of his labours, so be he shaken out, and made emptie. And al the multitude sayd: Amen. And they praysed God. And the people did as it was sayd.Insuper excussi sinum meum, et dixi: Sic excutiat Deus omnem virum qui non compleverit verbum istud, de domo sua, et de laboribus suis: sic excutiatur, et vacuus fiat. Et dixit universa multitudo: Amen: et laudaverunt Deum. Fecit ergo populus sicut erat dictum.
14And from the day, in which the king commanded me to be governor in the land of Juda, from the twentieth year even to the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes the king, for twelve years, I and my brethren did not eat the yearly allowance that was due to the governors.E dal giorno, in cui il re mi aveva ordinato, ch'io governassi il paese di Giuda, dall'anno vigesimo sino al trentesimo secondo del re Artaserse, per dodici anni, e io, e i miei fratelli non mangiammo delle vettovaglie, che eran dovute ai governatori.And from that day, wherin the king commended me to the duke in the land of Iuda, from the twenteth yeare til the two & thirteth yeare of Artaxerxes the king for twelue yearees, I and my bretheren did not eate the yearly allowance, that was dewe to the dukes.A die autem illa, qua præceperat rex mihi ut essem dux in terra Juda, ab anno vigesimo usque ad annum trigesimum secundum Artaxerxis regis per annos duodecim, ego et fratres mei annonas quæ ducibus debebantur non comedimus. 15But the former governors that had been before me, were chargeable to the people, and took of them in bread, and wine, and in money every day forty sicles: and their officers also oppressed the people. But I did not so for the fear of God.Or i primi governatori, che erano stati innanzi a me, aveano aggravato il popolo, ricevendone pane, e vino (oltre) i quaranta sicli per giorno in denaro: e di più i loro ministri angariavano il popolo. Ma io temendo Dio non feci così.But the former dukes, that had bene before me, burdened the people, and tooke of them in bread, and wine, and money euery day fourtie sicles: yea and their officers oppressed the people. But I did not so for the feare of God.Duces autem primi, qui fuerant ante me, gravaverunt populum, et acceperunt ab eis in pane, et vino, et pecunia, quotidie siclos quadraginta: sed et ministri eorum depresserunt populum. Ego autem non feci ita propter timorem Dei: 16Moreover I built in the work of the wall, and I bought no land, and all my servants were gathered together to the work.Anzi lavorai alla fabbrica delle mura, e non comprai verun campo, tutta la mia gente era occupata al lavoro.Yea I builded rather in the worke of the wal, and field I bought not, and al my seruantes were gathered together to the worke.quin potius in opere muri ædificavi, et agrum non emi, et omnes pueri mei congregati ad opus erant. 17The Jews also and the magistrates to the number of one hundred and fifty men, were at my table, besides them that came to us from among the nations that were round about us.E i Giudei, e i magistrati, centocinquanta persone, e quei, che venivano a noi da' paesi circonvicini, mangiavano alla mia mensa.Tke Iewes also and the magistrates an hundred fiftie men, and they that came to vs out of the nations, that were round about vs were at the table.Judæi quoque et magistratus centum quinquaginta viri, et qui veniebant ad nos de gentibus quæ in circuitu nostro sunt, in mensa mea erant.
18And there was prepared for me day by day one ox, and six choice rams, besides fowls, and once in ten days I gave store of divers wines, and many other things: yet I did not require my yearly allowance as governor: for the people were very much impoverished.E si uccideva ogni dì in casa mia un bue, e sei arieti scelti, oltre i volatili, e ogni dieci giorni vini diversi, e molte altre cose io dava: e oltre a ciò non cercai gli stipendi del mio governo: perocché il popolo era grandemente stenuato.And there was prepared for me day by day one oxe, six chosen rammes, beside foules, and within ten dayes diuers wines, & many other things did I giue. Moreouer also the yearly allowance of my dukedome I sought not, for the people was very much empouerished.Parabatur autem mihi per dies singulos bos unus, arietes sex electi, exceptis volatilibus, et inter dies decem vina diversa, et alia multa tribuebam: insuper et annonas ducatus mei non quæsivi: valde enim attenuatus erat populus. 19Remember me, O my God, for good according to all that I have done for this people.Ricorditi di me, Dio mio, per tua bontà, secondo il bene, che io no fatto a questo popolo.Remember me my God to good, according to al things, which I haue done to this peopleMemento mei, Deus meus, in bonum, secundum omnia quæ feci populo huic.
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Year of the World 3550.
Worthington
Cry. Ven. Bede (III. 21.) complains of some pastors who neglect the flock, but exacted revenues. May not the same complaint still be made? (Worthington)
5:2
Very. Syriac, "and our brethren are too numerous" to find meat.
Abenezra
For, etc. Hebrew, Septuagint, etc., "by force." (Abenezra, etc.)
5:3
Let us. Protestants, "We have mortgaged."
Haydock
Famine, or "hunger." (Haydock)
5:4
Let us. Septuagint Mont.[Montanus?], "We have borrowed" on usury, contrary to Exodus 22:25. The Jews were still obliged to pay tribute.
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Menochius
Brethren, who are still in captivity, or we are of the same nature as the rich, (Calmet) who so cruelly oppress us. (Menochius)
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Tirinus
Against them, as a private rebuke would not suffice. (Tirinus)
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Calmet
Redeemed, by paying the ransom to the Babylonians, or by using all our endeavours to procure the releasement of our brethren. (Calmet)
Haydock
For us. Protestants, "or shall they be sold unto us?" (Haydock)
Worthington
A true pastor practises what he preaches to others. (Worthington)
5:11
Haydock
For them, to the Persian governors, ver. 14. (Haydock)
Wolphius
Nehemias remits this pension, which was before paid by the people, and exacted by the rich. (Wolphius)
Menochius
Du Moulin asserts that there is no question of usury, which the Jews always abhorred, much less of that which the Romans called the 100th, (Calmet) consisting in the payment of 12 per cent, (Tirinus) or one every month. (Menochius)
Hebrew, "Give back to them, " (Haydock) that they may enjoy those things.
5:12
Piscator
Oath of them. Priests, in private, (Menochius) who were not innocent; (Tirinus) or these were witnesses of the oath taken by the rich. (Piscator)
5:13
Tirinus
Lap, or skirt of my robes. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Such figurative actions were very common. Thus a Roman ambassador at Carthage, folding up his garment, said he brought peace or war. (Livy 21:18.) (Calmet)
Tirinus
Said. Behold how easily was that effected at Jerusalem, which the Romans could never perfectly bring about, after the most violent riots! (Tirinus)
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Menochius
Not eat, out of pity for the poor. (Menochius)
He was supported by the king, (Calmet) or by his own patrimony. (Haydock) (Ver. 11.)
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Calmet
Wall, pleading no exemption, but making my servants work. (Calmet)
Tirinus
Though no particular portion was assigned to him, he helped all. (Tirinus)
Haydock
No land, as I might have done, on advantageous terms. (Haydock)
5:17
Grotius
Men, my brethren, not (Calmet) Persians. (Grotius)
Menochius
Them; ambassadors. (Menochius)
If Nehemias behaved with such generosity for twelve years, he must have been very rich; or he received a great pension from the king, or voluntary and abundant contributions from the rich.
5:18
Calmet
Wines. This was only produced, in abundance, on extraordinary occasions; for the people of the East do not drink wine at every feast, Ecclesiasticus 31:17. (Calmet)
Haydock
Yearly. Septuagint, "Moreover, loaves of extortion I did not seek, because a hard servitude lay upon this people." (Haydock)
5:19
Worthington
Good. A good conscience confidently hopeth for a reward. (Worthington)
5:1
S Beda in his time lamented that some spiritual Superiors neglected to feede their flock, either spiritually or temporally, and yet exacted temporal reuenewes, and oppressed the poore people, li 3. c. 21. in •sd. How much more may we with him, wish an other Nehemias, that is a comforter from our Lord to correct this fault, & to releeue poore Catholiques distressed?
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A right propertie of a true pastor, to do that good which he preacheth to others. S. Beda ibidem.
5:19
A good conscience hath great confidence in God and iustly hopeth for reward.
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3. Domos nostras opponamus, — id est oppignoremus fæneratoribus. Recenter enim redierant Babylone, omniaque sua in viatico et in fabrica urbis consumpserant. Quare magna paupertate laborabant, ad quam levandam sua oppignorare, imo filios et filias suas vendere vers. 2, cogitabant. 4. IN TRIBUTA REGIS, — ut scilicet comparemus id quod loco tributi regi Persarum quotannis solvere debemus. 5. Et nunc (subaudi valde dure et inique a ditioribus exhaurimur, nam) SICUT CARNES FRATRUM NOSTRORUM, SIC CARNES NOSTRÆ SUNT; ET SICUT FILII EORUM, ITA ET FILII NOSTRI. — q. d. Nos et filii nostri hic duram servimus servitutem similem illi, quam serviunt fratres, id est contribules nostri, qui in Babylone et Perside remanserunt, idque ditiorum Judæorum iniquitate et injuria, qui nos fratres suos pauperes usuris et filiorum emptione opprimunt, ut sequitur. Quare pejori loco sumus quam fratres nostri in Perside: illi enim a Persis exteris et idololatris; nos vero a contribulibus nostris, qui sanguine et religione fratres nostri sunt, affligimur. Acerbius enim est ab amico et fratre, quam ab inimico et extero cruciari. Nam cum lex Deut. XXIII, 19, jubeat ut fratribus mutuum detur gratis, ipsi a nobis pro mutuo magnas usuras exigunt: quare cogimur filios et filias nostras vendere vel tradere in servitutem, ut usuras has solvamus. Ita Cajetanus, Vatablus, et alii.
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7. Congregavi adversum eos (divites usurarios) CONCIONEM MAGNAM, — id est, cœtum magnum totius populi, ut coram eo a me reprehensi et confusi usuras suas dimitterent. 11. CENTESIMAM PECUNIÆ, FRUMENTI, VINI ET OLEI. — « Centesimam, » scilicet usuram, qua nimirum singulis mensibus pro usu mutui sive usura exigebant unum pro centum; hoc est annuatim duodecim pro centum. Hinc patet hanc usuram frequentem fuisse apud Judæos, uti postea fuit apud Romanos; eratque gravis utpote in qua singulis annis octava pars summæ capitalis mutuo acceptæ solveretur, nam duodecim v. g. aurei sunt octava pars centum aureorum, quia octies duodecim faciunt 96, quibus adde quatuor, habebis centum. Quare octavo anno usura æquabat pene ipsum capitale, ideoque illud duplicabat, ut pro mutuo centum aureorum solvendi essent pene ducenti aurei, scilicet præcise 196, ac post alios octo annos idem triplicabat, et post alios octo quadruplicabat. Cum vero dimidium hujus usuræ, sex pro centum quotannis solverentur, vocabantur usuræ semisses, sive dimidiatæ; cum quatuor pro centum penderentur, dicebantur trientariæ; cum unum duntaxat, nominabantur unciariæ, quæ erat usura minima, sicut illa duodenaria erat maxima.
5:11
DATE PRO ILLIS, — id est illis condonate, quin et acceptam reddite, et restituite, uti præcessit: unde hæc non exstant in Hebræo, quia ex præcedenti repetenda subintelliguntur. Usura cum sit contra justitiam commutativam, non transit in dominium usurarii; unde ab eo restituenda est illi, qui eamdem pro mutuo dedit.
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12. ET DIXERUNT (partim pudore, partim auctoritate et exemplo Nehemiæ, partim boni publici amore, partim pauperum commiseratione permoti): REDDEMUS (agros, vineas et oliveta, quæ pauperes pro mutuo accepto nobis oppignorarunt, et quasi pignora tradiderunt, donec mutuum redderent): ET AB EIS (deinceps) NIHIL QUÆREMUS, — id est, nihil pro usura exigemus. ET VOCAVI SACERDOTES (hujus usuræ reos), ET (secreto ob reverentiam sacerdotii, ne eos coram populo pudefacerem) ADJURAVI EOS, — ut usuras remitterent, hacque in re laicis usurariisque exemplo justitiæ et charitatis præirent.
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13. SIC EXCUTIAT DEUS OMNEM VIRUM QUI NON COMPLEVERIT VERBUM ISTUD DE DOMO SUA (ut domo sua spoliatus, exsul et vagus oberrare cogatur) ET DE LABORIBUS SUIS, — ut fructu et mercede laborum suorum privetur, uti ego sinum meum excussi. Qui enim alios per usuras excutiunt, merentur et ipsi a domibus et opibus suis excuti, exsulare et depauperari, uti sæpe justo Dei judicio fit.
5:14
14. A DIE AUTEM ILLA, QUA PRÆCEPERAT MIHI REX UT ESSEM DUX IN TERRA JUDA, AB ANNO VIGESIMO USQUE AD ANNUM 32 ARTAXERXIS, EGO ET FRATRES MEI ANNONAS, QUÆ DUCIBUS DEBEBANTUR, NON COMEDIMUS. — Solebant duces a civibus Jerosolymæ, quibus præerant, accipere annonas, id est, necessaria ad victum, verbi gratia, certam mensuram frumenti, vini, olei, pecuniæ, etc.; sed Nehemias noluit ea accipere, tum ne populum pauperem hac contributione gravaret, tum ut divitibus daret exemplum remittendi usuras: idque fecit per duodecim annos, quibus præfuit Jerosolymæ quasi dux: unde multi putant eum continue per duodecim annos commoratum fuisse Jerosolymæ. Verum hoc non satis respondet desiderio regis et reginæ optantium, ut illico Nehemias ad se rediret, ac tempore modico ab eo constituto, ut dictum est cap. II, 6. Quamobrem videtur Nehemias paulo post fabricam murorum absolutam, puta post 52 dies, ut dicitur cap. VI, 15, ad regem rediisse, ac vicarium loco sui sive viceducem Jerosolymæ reliquisse, qui populo præesset. Artaxerxes enim eum Jerosolymæ ducem constituerat per 13 annos, sive absens foret sive præsens. Quare absens jure suo poterat has annonas quasi stipendia ducatus sui a populo exigere, præsertim qui absens erat ob evocationem et obsequium regis; sed noluit ea accipere ob causas jam dictas. Ita Salianus et Sanchez. Hæc magis patebunt vers. 17 et cap. XIII, 6, ubi Nehemias anno 32 Artaxerxis rediens in Jerusalem correxit multos abusus, qui per duodecim annos quibus ipse abfuerat, in Jerusalem irrepserant.
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15. Duces autem primi qui fuerant ante me (ab Esdra jussu regis constituti, ut dictum est Esdra VII, 25), GRAVAVERUNT POPULUM, ET ACCEPERUNT AB EIS IN PANE ET VINO (certam mensuram panis et vini), ET PECUNIA QUOTIDIE SICLOS 40. — Ex Hebræo liquet eos præter panem et vinum in pecunia accepisse siclos 40. sic enim habet: Aggravaverunt populum in pane et vino post argenti siclos 40, qui faciunt quadraginta florenos Brabanticos, sive 40 Francos Gallicos, quæ immanis erat summa et plebi adeo pauperi insolubilis. 16. Quin potius in opere muri ædificavi cap. III, nullum audivimus locum particularem Nehemiæ ad fabricandum assignatum, sed ipse quasi dux omnibus in loco sibi determinato fabricantibus aderat, et præerat omnes dirigendo, incitando, et opera per se et suos adjuvando; ET AGRUM NON EMI, — q. d. Rem meam et prædia non auxi, sed potius me meaque omnia expendi pro urbis et civium commodis. Fuit hæc mira continentia Nehemiæ, æque ac charitas et liberalitas in cives suos. Multi enim duces et præsides subditos expilant, ut se ditent; unde paucis præfecturæ suæ annis opibus onusti, domum redeunt. Non ita fecit Nehemias, cujus proinde memoria in benedictione est. Idem fecit Thomas Morus, qui cum plures annos Cancellarium Angliæ egisset, rem tamen suam et annuum censum non auxit ad aureos ducentos, uti narrat Stapletus in ejus Vita.
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17. JUDÆI QUOQUE ET MAGISTRATUS (quos per Judæam jussu regis constitueram) 150 VIRI, ET QUI VENIEBANT AD NOS DE GENTIBUS (legati gentium vicinarum) QUÆ IN CIRCUITU NOSTRO SUNT, IN MENSA MEA ERANT. — q. d. Omnes hos alebam sumptu meo sive ex meis opibus, quas mihi rex donaverat. Hinc liquet Nehemiam non mansisse duodecim annos in Jerusalem. Nam tantos sumptus quotidie tot convivis per tot annos præstare non potuisset, imo regias opes exhausisset.
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18. INTER DIES DECEM VINA DIVERSA. — Locus hic obscurus est: unde primo Pagninus sic vertit et explicat, q. d. Tantum vini absumebant hi convivæ uno die, quantum mihi meæque familiæ suffecisset ad decem dies. Secundo, Vatablus, aptius ad Hebræa et Græca vertit: Decimo quoque die dabatur omnibus vinum affatim; cæteris vero novem diebus dabatur certa mensura. Tertio Sanchez: Porrigebantur, inquit, decem vinorum genera, singula diebus singulis, ita ut exacto decem dierum curriculo, decem illa vina jam essent propinata, et iterum atque iterum idem vinorum genus et series eodem ordine recurreret. Hæc sententia vulgatæ versioni conformior est, si to decem non ad vina (inusitatum enim est et insolens in uno convivio decem generum vina convivis propinare, quod ne reges quidem summique gulones fecerunt), sed ad dies referas, q. d. Singulis diebus dabantur varia vina, idque per decem dies, quibus exactis exhauriebantur dolia, ac alia vina pariter diversi generis suggerere oportebat. Magnus ergo et magnificus dux fuit Nehemias, ac in omnibus se eximium ostendit. Vere Bias: « Magistratus, inquit, virum ostendit. » Et Cicero, lib. De Senectute, de magno illo Catone Censorio ait: « Bonus est senator, bonus imperator, bonus agricola. » Idem et plura dicas de Nehemia. 19. MEMENTO MEI, etc., — q. d. Præsta mihi, o Domine, talia qualia ego præstiti populo tuo et meo, ut tam sis liberalis in me quam ego fui in eum.
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… venduto schiavo agli stranieri; anzi non avrebbe dovuto mai essere ridotto in simile condizione (Lev. 25, 42-46). In pratica però spesso, per motivi finanziari o per insolvenza verso il creditore, anche israeliti erano sottoposti a s. (II Reg. 4, 1; Neh. 5, 5, 8). Un ladro, che non potesse restituire la refurtiva, diveniva proprietà del derubato (Ex. 22, 3). I poveri talvolta si trovavano in condizioni tali da dover vendere la propria famiglia …
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… 204); essi potevano abbracciare la religione giudaica (v. proselutti); ed i profeti annunziano la loro aggregazione al regno messianico: Is. 2, 2; 42, 6; 49, 6; 60, 3; Zach. 2, 15; 8, 23; Mal. 1, 11, ecc. Nelle persecuzioni subite al ritorno dall'esilio (Neh. 5, 8; 9, 2; 13, 1-3) a particolarmente dai Seleucidi (I-II Maccabee) si sviluppò nei giudei quell'odio contro gli «e.» o «gentili», che i farisei consacrarono nel loro programma.
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… La tribù fonde poi la sua storia con quella di Giuda, pur serbando la propria individualità Esd. 2; Neh. 5, 11). S. Paolo tiene a notare la sua appartenenza a B. (Rom. 11, 1; Phil. 3, 5).
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… profeta Ahia di Silo (che dividendo il mantello in dodici parti simboleggiò la divisione del Regno di Salomone: I Reg. 11, 29-39), da un figlio dei profeti (ibid. 20, 35-43), dal falso profeta Sedecia (ibid. 22, 11), da Eliseo (II Reg. 14-19), da Neemia (Neh. 5, 12-13). Nel Nuovo Testamento si possono considerare s. connessi con l'acqua il Battesimo di Giovanni Battista (segno di penitenza), quello di Gesù (segno efficace della Grazia), le abluzioni
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… parla, congiunto inoltre, il più delle volte, al voto che ciò stesso si avveri (cf. I Reg. 1, 36; Ier. 11, 5; 28, 6). L'a. assume così valore di acclamazione religiosa (Deut. 27, 15-26; cf. Num. 5, 22), soprattutto nell'esercizio del culto (I Par. 16, 36; Neh. 5, 13; 8, 6). In tal senso ricorre nelle dossologie finali dei primi quattro libri dei Salmi (v.) (alla fine dei salmi 40 [41]; 71 [72]; 88 [89]; 53, l'a. è duplicato; in 105 [106], è unito …
5:14
… Il favore dimostrato alla restaurazione di Esdra (Esd. 7, 1-23), poi di Neemia coppiere alla sua corte e in assidue relazioni col re (Neh. 2, 1-8; 5, 14; 13, 6), come il divieto poi fatto a Esdra (4, 11-22), si addicono alla politica di A., cui la fedeltà dei Giudei, posti sulla via dell'Egitto, appariva preziosa, e ogni sospetto in
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Fin dal 722 a. C., e specialmente dall'esilio babilonese (sec. vi a. C.), Israele era ridotto alla sola tribù di Giuda; gli Israeliti si chiamarono quindi « Giudei » (Ier. 40, 11-15; 44, 26; Zach. 8, 23; Esch. 2, 5; 3, 6; 9, 29, ecc.; Esd. 4, 12, ecc.; Neh. 4, 2; 5, 17; 6, 6, ecc.; specissimo in I-II Mach. e nel Nuovo Testamento).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.