DUBOIS, LOUIS-ERNEST. - Cardinal, b. at St-Calais (Sarthe) on 10 Sept. 1865, d. at Paris on 23 Sept. 1929. From his earliest years in the priesthood he knew how to combine the most zealous care of souls with the study of local art and history and the publication of several biographies and sound monographs on art history. In 1893 he founded the review Union historique du Maine (now La province du Maine). He was parish vicar, parish priest (1895), vicar general (1898), bishop of Verdun (18 Apr. 1901), archbishop of Bourges (30 Nov. 1909), of Rouen (13 March 1916), and of Paris (13 Sept. 1920).
As early as 4 Dec. 1916 he had been created cardinal of the title of S. Maria in Aquiro. Just as before the war he had devoted himself with tireless zeal to repairing the damage caused by the law of separation in the successive dioceses entrusted to him, so during the war he promoted the union sacrée of all Frenchmen for the defense of the fatherland; and after the war, on behalf of the government, he carried out numerous diplomatic missions to Canada, the United States, the Levant, the Balkan countries, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. Such activity, recognized by high distinctions, facilitated the rapprochement of the Church in France with the government, which in 1924 led to the establishment of diocesan associations. At the same time, he multiplied his efforts on behalf of his diocese of Paris, employing all the most modern forms of apostolate.