ei anulus in dextra manu, desuper manica. The usage therefore appears to have been introduced in France and soon passed to Rome: in 1070 Alexander II granted the privilege to the abbot of S. Pietro in Ciel d'oro in Pavia. The terms scantus and manica were soon replaced by the Byzantine term chiroteca, used today.
At the consecration of a bishop, they are delivered at the end of Mass, and are used only by bishops and other prelates who possess the privilege, in the pontifical Mass from the beginning to the Lavabo (in the Ambrosian rite until the Offertory) and
GUARDI, FRANCESCO de'. — Painter, born on 5 October 1712 in Venice, died there on 1 January 1793. He was a pupil
of his elder brother Giovanni Antonio (1698–1760), but was formed particularly by the examples of Sebastiano and Marco Ricci and, to a lesser extent, of G. B. Tiepolo, his brother-in-law.
Famous above all as a vedutista, in which he excels through the freedom of his rapid touch, the intuitive perspectival synthesis of the landscape, and his sensitivity as a colorist, G. also painted noteworthy pictures with religious subjects. In the latter, whose nervous form results from an impetuous, fragmented, and descriptive brushstroke, G. interprets Magnasco and Sebastiano Ricci in an original manner. Among the paintings with religious subjects are: two Crucifixions in the Brass collection in Venice; the Madonna with Child and saints, an altarpiece in the parish church of Vigo D'Anaunia; and, a masterpiece, the canvases with Stories of Tobias in the parish church of the Archangel Raphael, in Venice.