LOYOLA, SANTUARIO DI - Enciclopedia Cattolica, Vol. VII, p. 956

Machine translation of the 1948–1954 Italian original. The original text is authoritative.

LOYOLA, SANTUARY of. — It is situated in a verdant valley in the province of Guipuzkoa and in the diocese of San Sebastián, in Spain. Its main part is the so-called “S. Casa,” that is, the palace-castle of the Loyolas, where St. Ignatius was born and spent the years of his childhood.

It is a building constructed up to the first floor with the massive stones of the nearby Mount Izarraitz; the second floor is made of brick with four characteristic small towers on the sides. Here St. Ignatius was brought by French soldiers after being wounded in the defeat at Pamplona; on the second floor Ignatius was converted, reading the Lives of the Saints. The house had its own small private oratory, still preserved on the first floor, with a devout painting of the Annunciation. In this oratory St. Francis Borgia celebrated his first Mass. The S. Casa was entirely consecrated to worship only in 1628, after an internal transformation. In that year the Jesuits settled there, receiving it as a gift from Anna Maria of Austria, mother of Charles II. At that time a large church was built, today

The basilica, designed by Carlo Fontana, features both an interior and exterior of majestic Baroque style, with the dome being particularly severe and harmonious. The church, begun in 1689, was inaugurated in 1738; it is situated at the center of a large building completed only in 1888, intended as a Jesuit novitiate, except for the period from 1767 to 1817, when the Jesuits were expelled from Spain by order of Charles III until their restoration under Pius VII. Today, the building also serves as a house for spiritual exercises. Recently, a second building has been constructed nearby for Jesuit students.The building was constructed for Jesuit students. The building was constructed for Jesuit students. The building was constructed for Jesuit students. The buildings were constructed for Jesuit students. The buildings were constructed for Jesuit students. The buildings were constructed for Jesuit students. The buildings were constructed for Jesuit students. 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It was intended to create a bishopric at Gornji-grad (Abemburg), but only on 6 Dec. 1461, at the instance of Emperor Frederick III, did Pius II found the bishopric not at Gornji-grad but in the Castle of Ljubljana, with the bulls of 6 and 10 Sept. 1462, keeping it under the metropolitan jurisdiction of Aquileia. However, the Ordinaries of the new diocese, misinterpreting the two papal decrees, continued to consider themselves immediately subject to the Holy See. At the outset the diocese of Ljubljana comprised 3 parishes, to which a further thirteen were added de facto: scattered throughout Carniola, Styria and Carinthia. This arrangement lasted through long disputes until the end of the 18th century, when Emperor Joseph II sought to implement his programme that diocesan boundaries should coincide with those of the provinces; the diocese of Ljubljana lost all its parishes in Carinthia and Styria, which were transferred to the dioceses of Krka (Gurk) and Lavant, while receiving in exchange from Gorizia those in Carniola, with the exception of some in Inner Carniola which were incorporated in 1792. From 1788 to 1806 it was also a metropolitan see (v. GORGIA, ARCIDIOCESIS of), then remained independent until 1830 when it was included in the ecclesiastical province of Illyricum. At this point it acquired a group of parishes previously dependent on Trieste. Following the vicissitudes of war, on 25 Nov. 1923 it passed for a second time under the direct jurisdiction of the Holy See, having lost, as a result of the Treaty of Rapallo (1920), four deaneries in the Nostranjska region which now lay in Italian territory. According to the plan of the Concordat between the Holy See and Yugoslavia, the diocese of Ljubljana was to be raised once more to the status of an archdiocese.

In 1533 the bishop had been granted by Ferdinand I the title of prince. After the period of Protestantism had been overcome, through the efforts of the bishops Sigismund Christopher, Count of Herberstein (1683–1701), and Ferdinand of Kuenburg (1701–1711), the cathedral and the theological seminary of Ljubljana were built. Resistance to rigorism and interference by the state in Church affairs began in the second half of the pontificate of Anton Ludwig Wolf (1824–52), who built the minor seminary, commissioned a new Slovene translation of the Holy Bible, and was a great patron of Slovene culture. Yet the true renaissance of Catholic life was promoted by the bishops Jakob Missia (1884–1898), later a cardinal, and Anton Bonaventura Jeglič (1898–1930).

BIBL.: A. F. Schumi, Urkunden- und Regesten-Buch für das Herzogtum Krain, 3 voll., Laibach 1882-84; J. Grunten, Cerkvene razmere pri Slovencih in ustanovitve ljubljanske hofije, Lubiana 1908; J. R. Kusej, Josef II. und die äussere Kirchenverfassung Inner-Osterreichs, Bonn 1908; J. Turk, O početkih ljubljanske hofije (Časopis za zgodovino in narodopisje, 32 (1937), p. 73.