CATHOLIC UNION FOR SOCIAL STUDIES IN ITALY. - An association among Italian Catholics to promote social studies inspired by Catholic thought.

UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS (U.S.S.R.).

(propr. Enc. Catt.)

Reviving an old project and following the example of a similar organization on the international level, the Union of Fribourg (v.), in which various Italians had participated, arose on 29 Dec. 1889 in Padua, where for the occasion the local bishop Msgr. Callegari, Msgr. Sarto, then bishop of Mantua, and Prof. Toniolo had gathered. Msgr. Callegari was its honorary president and Toniolo its effective president.

The U. adhered to the Opera dei Congressi (v.) without however merging with it, in accordance with explicit directives of the Pope (24 Nov. 1897). Once the "Italian Catholic Society for Scientific Studies" (v.) arose, it joined it as an autonomous section, remaining alive until the new organization given by Bl. Pius X to Italian Catholic Action (v.). During its period of activity it held two national congresses. The first, held in Genoa, had as its practical results: 1) the founding of the Rivista internazionale di scienze sociali e discipline ausiliarie (v.); 2) the spread of Circles of social studies for conferences and systematic courses in sociology (Genoa, Milan, Naples, etc.) and the establishment of chairs of sociology in seminaries (Milan, Florence, Treviso, Rovigo, etc.); 3) the founding of Higher Schools of religion, an example of which had existed in Padua since 1890. The second Congress, held in Padua (26-27 Aug. 1896; an official bulletin Il Congresso was published at that time), had as its practical result a series of guidelines for the protection of the working classes, especially agricultural ones, in harmony with the Program of Catholics in the face of socialism, proclaimed in Milan (3-4 Jan. 1894) by the Assembly of the U. and signed by Toniolo along with other exponents of the Catholic movement.

Bibliography5 works

BIBL.: Atti del I Congr. catt. ital. degli studiosi di scienze sociali, Genoa 1892; Atti e docum. del II Congr. ital. di studiosi di scienze soc., Padua 1896; F. Olgiati, La stor. dell'Az. Catt. in Ital. (1865-1904), Milan 1922; A. Gemelli, Giuseppe Toniolo animatore e anticipatore della Università dei catt. ital., in Vita e Pensiero, 25 (1942), p. 327 ff.; G. Dalla Torre, Il card. Giuseppe Callegari, vescovo di Padova, Padua 1942.

Pietro Palazzini

UNION [OF THE ORIENTALS]: v. ORIENTE CRISTIANO.

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Catholic Union for Social Studies in Italy

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