Expositions on the Book of Psalms 139

St Augustine of Hippo (AD 354–430) · Enarrationes in Psalmos · PL 36, 67–1027

139.1 Psalm CXXXIX PL 36, 1803

1. …Our Lord Jesus Christ speaketh in the Prophets, sometimes in His own Name, sometimes in ours, because He maketh Himself one with us; as it is said, “they twain shall be one flesh.” Wherefore also the Lord saith in the Gospel, speaking of marriage, “therefore they are no more twain, but one flesh.” One flesh, because of our mortality He took flesh; not one divinity, for He is the Creator, we the creature. Whatsoever then our Lord speaketh in the person of the Flesh He took upon Him, belongeth both to that Head which hath already ascended into heaven, and to those members which still toil in their earthly wandering. Let us hear then our Lord Jesus Christ speaking in prophecy. For the Psalms were sung long before the Lord was born of Mary, yet not before He was Lord: for from everlasting He was the Creator of all things, but in time He was born of His creature. Let us believe that Godhead, and, so far as we can, understand Him to be equal to the Father. But that Godhead equal to the Father was made partaker of our mortal nature, not of His own store, but of ours; that we too might be made partakers of His Divine Nature, not of our store, but of His.

Jusserunt domini fratres, et in ipsis Dominus omnium, ut istum psalmum afferam ad vos intelligendum, quantum Dominus donat. Adjuvet orationibus vestris, ut ea dicam quae oportet me dicere, et vos audire; uti omnibus nobis utilis sit sermo divinus. Non enim omnibus utilis est; quia non est omnium fides . Fides autem sic est in anima, ut radix bona quae pluviam in fructum ducit: perfidia vero, et error diabolicus, et cupiditas, mala radix omnium malorum , sicut radix spinarum, etiam dulcem pluviam ad punctiones convertit.

139.2 PL 36, 1803

2. “Lord, Thou hast tried me, and known me” (ver. 1). Let the Lord Jesus Christ Himself say this; let Him too say, “Lord,” to the Father. For His Father is not His Lord, save because He hath deigned to be born according to the flesh. He is Father of the God, Lord of the Man. Wouldest thou know to whom He is Father? To the coequal Son. The Apostle saith, “Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God.” To this “Form” God is Father, the “Form” equal to Himself, the only-begotten Son, begotten of His Substance. But forasmuch as for our sakes, that we might be re-made, and made partakers of His Divine Nature, being renewed unto life eternal, He was made partaker of our mortal nature, what saith the Apostle of Him? He saith, “yet He emptied Himself, and took upon Him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men, and was found in fashion as a man.” He was in the Form of God, equal to the Father; He took upon Him the form of a servant, so as therein to be less than the Father.…

Quid habet psalmus iste, credo cum cantaretur, advertisse vos; quoniam conqueritur et gemit, et precem Deo fundit, inter malos constitutum corpus Christi: ejus enim vox est in omni tali prophetia, tanquam illius inopis, id est egentis, nondum satiati, esurientis et sitientis justitiam , cui quaedam saturitas promissa in fine servatur. Interim hic nunc sitiat et esuriat, gemat et pulset et quaerat. Peregrinationis illecebris non delectetur, non putet patriam saeculum, unde ut liberetur Christus advenit: quia Christus caput nostrum esse voluit, caput scilicet cujusdam corporis. Non enim potest dici caput, ubi corpus nullum est cui sit caput. Proinde, si caput Christus; et alicujus corporis caput est Christus. Corpus illius capitis sancta Ecclesia est, in cujus nos membris sumus, si caput nostrum diligimus. Audiamus ergo voces corporis Christi, hoc est voces nostras, si sumus in Christi corpore; quia quisquis ibi non fuerit, in eis erit inter quos illud corpus gemit. Proinde aut in illo corpore eris, ut gemas inter malos; aut non eris in illo corpore, et in eis eris inter quos malos gemit corpus, quod gemit inter malos: aut membrum Christi, aut hostis corporis Christi. Nec isti inimici et adversarii corporis Christi uno modo intelliguntur, aut uno modo agunt. Versipellis est enim qui in eis regnat, et qui eis utitur tanquam vasis suis. Caeterum multi ab illo liberantur, et in corpus Christi transeunt; et qui sint, et quot futuri sint, novit ille qui illos redemit sanguine suo nescientes. Sunt autem quidam perseveraturi in malitia sua, ad Christi corpus non pertinentes; et ipsi noti ei utique, cui nihil ignotum est. Interim illi qui jam compaginati sunt cum membris ejus, nondum habentes resurrectionem futuram, in qua perit omnis gemitus, et laus succedit, in qua omnis tribulatio morietur, et erit sine fine exsultatio; nondum ergo habentes hoc in re, sed tamen tenentes in spe, gemunt ex desiderio quodam, et orant se liberari ab hominibus malis, inter quos necesse est vivere et bonis: non enim separatio jam cuique tuta est. Illius enim erit separatio, qui non novit errare. Quid est, qui non novit errare? Ut nec malum trajiciat ad dexteram, nec bonum ad sinistram. Nos autem in hac vita difficile est ut nos ipsos noverimus; quanto minus debemus de quoquam praeproperam ferre sententiam? Quia si hodie malum novimus, cras qualis futurus sit ignoramus; et forte quem vehementer odimus, frater noster est, et nescimus. Securi ergo odimus in malis malitiam, et diligimus creaturam; ut quod ibi fecit Deus amemus, quod ibi fecit ipse homo, oderimus. Fecit enim Deus ipsum hominem; fecit autem homo peccatum. Dilige quod fecit Deus, oderis quod fecit homo: sic enim persequeris quod fecit homo, ut liberetur quod fecit Deus.

139.3 PL 36, 1804

3. “Thou hast known My down-sitting and Mine up-rising” (ver. 2). What here is “down-sitting,” what “up-rising”? He who sitteth, humbleth himself. The Lord then “sat” in His Passion, “up-rose” in His Resurrection. “Thou,” he saith, hast known this; that is, Thou hast willed, Thou hast approved; according to Thy will was it done. But if thou choosest to take the words of the Head in the person of the Body: man sitteth when he humbleth himself in penitence, he riseth up when his sins are forgiven, and he is lifted up to the hope of everlasting life. Lift not up yourselves, unless ye have first been humbled. For many wish to rise before they have sat down, they wish to appear righteous, before they have confessed that they are sinners.…

[«vers. 1.] In finem, Psalmus ipsi David.» Finem non intendas aliud quam tibi ab Apostolo praestitutum est: «Finis enim Legis Christus, ad justitiam omni credenti» . Ergo cum audis Psalmum dicere, «In finem,» corda convertantur ad Christum. Tanquam enim praeco Psalmi est titulus Psalmi, veluti dicens, Ecce veniet; inde dicturus sum, de Christo cantaturus. Nam et, «ipsi David,» non intelligo nisi ipsum qui factus est ex semine David secundum carnem . Interim propter genus congruit nomen. Genus carnale a David; genus spirituale supra David: et non solum ante David, sed ante Abraham; nec ante Abraham tantum, sed ante Adam; nec ante Adam tantum, sed ante coelum et terram, ante omnes Angelos, ante omnes Potestates et Virtutes, ante omnia visibilia et invisibilia. Quare? Quia ut haec essent, omnia per ipsum facta sunt, et sine ipso factum est nihil . Ergo quia ex semine David, non secundum divinitatem, qua Creator est ipsius David, sed secundum carnem; David dignatus est vocari in prophetia: in ipsum finem intende, quia «ipsi David» Psalmus canitur; et corporis ejus vocem audi, et esto in corpore ejus. Vox quam audisti tua fiat, et ora, et dic quod sequitur.

4. [«vers. 2.] Exime me, Domine, ab homine maligno:» non ab uno, sed ab ipso genere; nec a vasis tantum, sed ab ipso principe, id est, ab ipso diabolo. Quare enim «ab homine,» si a diabolo? Quia et ipse in figura homo dictus est: «Venit inimicus homo, et superseminavit zizania;» et cum dixissent servi ad patremfamilias, «Nonne bonum semen seminasti? Unde apparuerunt zizania?» Responsum est: «Inimicus homo hoc fecit» . Ab isto ergo homine maligno ora, quantum potes, ut libereris: «Quia non est» tibi «colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem; sed adversus principes et potestates, et rectores mundi tenebrarum harum» , id est rectores peccatorum. Quod quidem et nos fuimus; nam audivimus modo vocem Apostoli: «Fuistis aliquando tenebrae; nunc autem lux in Domino» . Jam ergo lux facti, non in nobis, sed in Domino, oremus non tantum contra tenebras, id est contra peccatores, quos adhuc diabolus possidet; sed etiam contra ipsum principem eorum diabolum, qui operatur in filiis diffidentiae . «A viro injusto erue me.» Hoc est, «ab homine maligno;» quod est, «a viro injusto.» Malignum enim ideo dixit, quia injustum: ne forte aliquem injustum bonum esse putes. Sunt enim multi injusti quasi non nocentes; non sunt saevi, non sunt asperi, non sunt persequentes et pressuras hominibus facientes: sed tamen inde injusti, quia alio quodam modo luxuriosi, ebriosi, voluptatibus dediti. Quomodo nulli nocet qui sibi non parcit? Innocens enim ille est qui non nocet; non autem qui sibi nocet. Tibi autem quomodo potest non nocere qui sibi nocet? Sed respondes: In quo mihi nocet? Non enim invasit rem meam, aut appetivit salutem meam: luxuria sua pascitur, suis voluptatibus delectatur; sed si inquinatas habet voluptates, ipse inquinatur; mihi quid pertinet, cui molestus non est? Nocet tibi saltem vel exemplo, quia vivit tecum, et ad quod agit invitat. Nonne cum eum vides forte in illis sordibus prosperari, duceris talium delectatione factorum? Etsi non consentis, saltem invenisti quod expugnes. Quomodo ergo tibi non nocebat, qui laboras vincere quod fecit in corde tuo? Malignus est ergo omnis injustus, et necesse est noxius sit, sive sit blandus, sive sit ferox. Quisquis in illum incurrerit, quisquis laqueis ejus fuerit captus, inveniet quam sit noxium quod putabat lene. Etenim, fratres, et spinae non pungunt in radicibus. Erue spinas de terra, contrecta radices ipsarum, et vide si sentis dolorem: tamen illud unde dolorem sentis in superficie, de illa radice processit. Itaque non vobis placeant homines quasi lenes et blandi, amatores tamen carnalium voluptatum, et inquinatarum cupiditatum sectatores; non vobis placeant. Etsi adhuc videntur lenes, radices spinarum sunt. Nam talibus factis per luxuriam plerumque effundunt quod habebant: et quomodo quaerunt implere quod effuderunt? Numquid jam parcunt rapinis et cogitationibus fraudum, omni generi malignitatis exquirendae? Jam vides malum hominem, quem putabas antea lenem. Quando illum videbas inebriari, bonus erat: modo jam furem vides, latronem times; processerunt spinae de illis radicibus. Quando sentiebas lenes radices spinarum, tunc si posses incenderes, et non esset unde prodiret quod te modo pungeret. Proinde, fratres mei, corpus Christi, vel membra Christi, gementia inter tales malos; quoscumque inveneritis proclives ferri in malas libidines et in perniciosas voluptates, tunc reprehendite, et tunc castigate, tunc urite. Incendatur radix, et non est unde spina procedat. Si autem non potueritis, certi estote quod eos habebitis inimicos. Tacere possunt, occultare inimicitias suas possunt, amare vos non possunt. Sed quoniam amare vos non possunt, et necesse est ut qui oderunt vos mala vobis quaerant; non vacet lingua et cor vestrum dicere Deo, «Exime, me Domine, ab homine maligno: a viro injusto libera me.»

139.4 PL 36, 1803

4. “Thou hast understood my thoughts from afar; Thou hast tracked out my path and my limit” (ver. 3); “and all my ways Thou hast seen beforehand” (ver. 4). What is, “from afar”? While I am yet in my pilgrimage, before I reach that, my true country, Thou hast known my thoughts.…The younger son went into a far country. After his toil and suffering and tribulation and want, he thought on his father, and desired to return, and said, “I will arise, and go to my father.” “I will arise,” said he, for before he had sat. Here then thou mayest recognise him saying, “Thou hast known my down-sitting and up-rising.” I sat, in want; I arose, in longing for Thy Bread. “Thou hast understood my thoughts from afar.” For far indeed had I gone; but where is not He whom I had left? Wherefore the Lord saith in the Gospel, that his father met him as he was coming. Truly; for “he had understood his thoughts from afar.” “My path,” he saith; what, but a bad path, the path he had walked to leave his father?…What is, “my path”? that by which I have gone. What is, “my limit”? that whereunto I have reached. “Thou hast tracked out my path and my limit.” That limit of mine, far distant as it was, was not far from Thine eyes. Far had I gone, and yet Thou wast there. “And all my ways Thou hast seen beforehand.” He said not, “hast seen,” but, “hast seen beforehand.” Before I went by them, before I walked in them, Thou didst see them beforehand; and Thou didst permit me in toil to go my own ways, that, if I desired not to toil, I might return into Thy ways. “For there is no deceit in my tongue.” What meant he by this? Lo, I confess to Thee, I have walked in my own way, I am become far from Thee, I have departed from Thee, with whom it was well with me, and to my good it was ill with me without Thee.…

139.5 PL 36, 1806

5. “Behold Thou, Lord, hast known all my last doings, and the ancient ones” (ver. 5). Thou hast known my latest doings, when I fed swine; Thou hast known my ancient doings, when I asked of Thee my portion of goods. Ancient doings were the beginnings to me of latest ills: ancient sin, when we fell; latest punishment, when we came into this toilsome and dangerous mortality. And would that this may be “latest” to us; it will be, if now we will to return. For there is another “latest” for certain wicked ones, to whom it shall be said, “Go ye into everlasting fire.”…“Thou hast fashioned me, and hast laid Thine hand upon me.” “Fashioned me,” where? In this mortality; now, to the toils whereunto we all are born. For none is born, but God has fashioned him in his mother’s womb; nor is there any creature, whereof God is not the Fashioner. But “Thou hast fashioned me” in this toil, “and laid Thine hand upon me,” Thine avenging hand, putting down the proud. For thus healthfully hath He cast down the proud, that He may lift him up humble.

[«vers. 3.] Qui cogitaverunt injustitias in corde.» Quid enim, quia non audent proferre in lingua, et servant in corde? Propter eos enim dixit, qui plerumque in labiis bona loquuntur. Audis vocem justi; sed non est cor justi. Nam quid profuit hoc addere, ut diceret, «Qui cogitaverunt injustitias in corde?» Ab eis me libera; ibi sit potentissima manus tua ad eruendum me. Facile est enim devitare apertas inimicitias; facile est averti ab inimico prompto et manifesto, cujus iniquitas jam etiam in labiis est: ille est molestus, ille est occultus, ille difficile devitatur, qui in labiis bona portat, et in corde occultat mala: «Qui cogitaverunt injustitias in corde. Tota die constituebant bella.» Quid est, «bella?» Contra quae pugnarem tota die mihi constituebant. Inde enim hoc nascitur de talibus cordibus, quidquid est contra quod pugnat christianus. Si seditio, si schisma, si haeresis, si contradictio turbulenta, non hoc erumpit nisi de illis cogitationibus quae tegebantur: et quando labia bona loquebantur, «tota die constituebant bella.» Pacata audis verba; sed belli constitutio a cordibus non discedit. Quod enim dictum est, «tota die,» Sine intermissione significat, id est, toto tempore.

139.6 PL 36, 1806

6. “Thy skill hath displayed itself wonderfully in me: it hath waxed mighty: I shall not be able to attain unto it” (ver. 6). Listen now and hear somewhat, which is obscure indeed, yet bringeth no small pleasure in the understanding thereon. Moses, the holy servant of God, with whom God spake by a cloud, for, speaking after human fashion, He must needs speak to His servant through some work of His hands which He assumed,…longed and desired to see the true appearance of God, and said to God, who was conversing with him, “If now I have found grace in Thy sight, show me Thyself.” When this he desired vehemently, and would extort from God in that sort of friendly familiarity, if we may so speak, wherewith God deigned to treat him, that he might see His Glory and His Face, in such wise as we can speak of God’s Face, He said unto him, “Thou canst not see My Face; for no one hath seen My Face, and lived;” but I will place thee in a clift of the rock, and will pass by, and will set My hand upon thee; and when I have passed by, thou shalt see My back parts. And from these words there ariseth another enigma, that is, an obscure figure of the truth. “When I have passed by,” saith God, “thou shalt see My back parts;” as though He hath on one side His face, on another His back. Far be it from us to have any such thoughts of that Majesty! For whoso hath such thoughts of God, what advantageth it him that the temples are closed? He is building an idol in his own heart. In these words then are mighty mysteries.…They who raged against the Lord, whom they saw, now seek counsel how they may be saved; and it is said to them, “Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the Name of Jesus Christ, and your sins shall be forgiven you.” Behold, they saw the back parts of Him, whose face they could not see. For His Hand was upon their eyes, not for ever, but while He passed by. After He had passed He took away His Hand from their eyes. When the hand was taken from their eyes, they say to the disciples, “What shall we do?” At first they are fierce, afterwards loving; at first angry, afterwards fearful; at first hard, then pleasant; at first blind, then enlightened.…

[«vers. 4.] Acuerunt linguas suas sicut serpentes.» Si adhuc quaeris hominem, aspice similitudinem. In serpente maxime astutia est et dolus nocendi; propterea etiam serpit. Non enim vel pedes habet, ut ejus vestigia cum venit audiantur. In ejus itinere velut lenis est tractus, sed non est rectus. Ita ergo repunt et serpunt ad nocendum, habentes occultum venenum et sub leni contactu. Et ideo sequitur: «Venenum aspidum sub labiis eorum.» Ecce est illud sub labiis; ut aliud sub labiis, aliud in labiis advertamus. Quos etiam aperte manifestat alio loco, ubi dicit, «Qui loquuntur pacem cum proximo suo; mala autem in cordibus suis» .

139.7 PL 36, 1806

7. Behold thou findest that the runaway in a far country cannot escape His eyes, from whom he fleeth. And whither can he go now, whose “limit is tracked out”? Behold, what saith he? “Whither shall I go from Thy Spirit?” (ver. 7). Who can in the world flee from that Spirit, with whom the world is filled? “And whither shall I flee from Thy Face?” He seeketh a place whither to flee from the wrath of God. What place will shelter God’s runaway? Men who shelter runaways, ask them from whom they have fled; and when they find any one a slave of some master less powerful than themselves, him they shelter as it were without any fear, saying in their hearts, “he hath not a master by whom he can be tracked out.” But when they are told of a powerful master, they either shelter not, or they shelter with great fear, because even a powerful man can be deceived. Where is God not? Who can deceive God? Whom doth not God see? From whom doth not God demand His runaway? Whither then shall that runaway go from the Face of God? He turneth him hither and thither, as though seeking a spot to flee to.

[«vers. 5.] Conserva me, Domine, de manu peccatoris; ab hominibus injustis erue me.» Ipsi sunt, noti sunt: non hic opus est intelligere, sed agere; orare opus est, non quaerere qui sint. Sed quomodo ores adversus hujusmodi homines, aperit tibi in consequenti. Multi enim adversus malos imperite orant. «Qui cogitaverunt,» inquit, «supplantare gressus meos.» Adhuc potest carnaliter accipi. Habet quisque inimicum; in negotio cogitat ei fraudem facere, et ei auferre pecuniam, qui versatur in communi negotio: habet quisque inimicum vicinum, et cogitat malum ingerere domui ejus, aliquid de re ipsius minuere; et utique dolo cogitat, fraude cogitat, machinamentis diaboli haec ipsa gestit implere; nemo dubitat. Sed tamen non propter ista isti cavendi sunt, sed ne insidiando tibi adducant te ad se; id est, a corpore Christi separent te, et faciant de corpore suo. Sicut enim bonorum caput Christus est, sic illorum caput diabolus. «Qui cogitaverunt,» inquit, «supplantare gressus meos.» Quid est, «supplantare gressus meos?» Non quasi ut erres in negotio quod cum illo habes, et decipiat te in causa quae tibi communis est in foro cum illo. Supplantavit gressus tuos, si te impedierit in via Dei, ut illud quod rectum intendebas, titubet, aut labatur a via, aut cadat in via, aut recedat de via, aut remaneat in via, aut retro revertatur unde venerat. Quidquid tibi tale fecerit, supplantavit te, decepit te. Contra hujusmodi insidias ora, ne perdas coeleste patrimonium, ne amittas Christum cohaeredem, quia victurus es in aeternum cum eo qui te fecit haeredem. Non enim talis te fecit haeredem, cui mortuo succedas, sed cum quo in aeternum vivas.

139.8 PL 36, 1807

8. “If I go up,” saith he, “to heaven, Thou art there: if I go down to Hades, Thou art present” (ver. 8). At length, miserable runaway, thou hast learnt, that by no means canst thou make thyself far from Him, from whom thou hast wished to remove far away. Behold, He is everywhere; thou, whither wilt thou go? He hath found counsel, and that inspired by Him, who now deigneth to recall him.…If by sinning I go down to the depths of wickednesses, and spurn to confess, saying, “Who seeth me” (for “in Hades who shall confess to Thee?”) there also Thou art present, to punish. Whither then shall I go that I may flee from Thy presence, that is, not find Thee angry? This plan he found: So will I flee, saith he, from Thy Face, so will I flee from Thy Spirit; from Thy avenging Spirit, Thy avenging Face thus will I flee. How? “If I take again my wings right forward, and abide in the utmost parts of the sea” (ver. 9). So can I flee from Thy Face. If he will flee to the utmost part of the sea from the Face of God, will not He from whom he fleeth be there?…For what are “the utmost parts of the sea,” but the end of the world? Thither let us now flee in hope and longing, with the wings of twofold love; let us have no rest, save in “the utmost parts of the sea.” For if elsewhere we wish for rest, we shall be hurled headlong into the sea. Let us fly even to the ends of the sea, let us bear ourselves aloft on the wings of twofold love; meanwhile let us flee to God in hope, and in faithful hope let us meditate on that “end of the sea.”

[«vers. 6.] Absconderunt superbi muscipulam mihi.» Totum corpus diaboli explicavit breviter, cum ait, «superbi.» Inde est quod et justos plerumque se dicunt, cum sint iniqui. Inde est quod nihil illis tam noxium est, quam confiteri peccata. Ipsi sunt qui cum sint falsi justi, necesse est ut invideant veris justis. Nemo enim invidet alteri in eo quod non vult vel esse vel videri. Alius tibi invidet, quia dives es; aut dives vult esse ut tibi invideat, aut putari vult dives: alius tibi invidet, quia clarus es et nobilis; aut hoc esse affectat, aut hoc se putari cupit. Et sic omnia quae videntur bona in hoc saeculo et putantur; quod quisque vult habere, et in quo vult excellere, vel cujus rei famam captat, in eo tibi invidet. Isti autem qui falsi justi sunt, videri volunt justi, cum non sint; et necesse est ut quem viderint verum justum, invideant illi, et hoc cum illo agant, quomodo amittat unde gloriatur. Inde veniunt omnes seductiones et supplantationes. Hoc prior ipse diabolus voluit, qui cadens stanti homini invidit: et quia ipse amisit regnum coelorum, hominem illuc pervenire noluit , et non vult; et id agit nunc, ut homo illuc non perveniat, unde ipse dejectus est. Quia ergo superbus est ipse, et ideo invidus quia superbus, omne corpus ipsius talium corpus est. Sed nos oremus contra illum, qui corrigi non potest, et pro ipsis qui possunt, ut dicamus homini injusto: Quare invides justo, o homo injuste? Quia vis videri justus? Cito fac quod melius est, et facilius eris quod vis videri. Esto justus: ita diliges cui invidebas; quia quod illum doles esse, eris et tu, et amabis in eo te, et ipsum in te. Etenim si invideres diviti, non esset in potestate tua ut dives esses; si invideres honesto alicui senatori nobili, non esset in potestate tua ut nobilis tu esses et clarus; si invideres pulchro, nunquam te pulchrum faceres; si invideres forti et valido, nunquam tibi vires dares: si invides justo, res in voluntate est; esto quod doles esse alterum. Non enim empturus es quod tu non es et alius est; gratis constat, cito constat: «Pax in terra hominibus bonae voluntatis» .

139.9 PL 36, 1808

9. Now listen who may bring us thither. The very same One whose face in wrath we wish to flee from. For what followeth? “Even thither shall Thy hand conduct me, and Thy right hand lead me” (ver. 10). This let us meditate on, beloved brethren, let this be our hope, this our consolation. Let us take again through love the wings we lost through lust. For lust was the lime of our wings, it clashed us down from the freedom of our sky, that is, the free breezes of the Spirit of God. Thence dashed down we lost our wings, and were, so to speak, imprisoned in the power of the fowler; thence “He” redeemed us with His Blood, whom we fled from to be caught. He maketh us wings of His commandments; we raise them aloft now free from lime.…Needs then must we have wings, and needs must He conduct us, for He is our Helper. We have free-will; but even with that free-will what can we do, unless He help us who commandeth us?

Illi autem «superbi absconderunt muscipulam:» quaesierunt supplantare gressus meos. Et quid fecerunt? «Et restes extenderunt muscipulas pedibus meis.» Quas restes? Notum est hoc verbum in Scripturis, et invenimus alibi quid significent restes. Dominus flagellum de resticulis fecit, unde expulit eos de templo, qui ibi male versabantur ; et significavit nobis quomodo intelligamus restes: quia, «Criniculis peccatorum suorum unusquisque constringitur» , dicit alia Scriptura; et aperte Isaias, «Vae iis qui trahunt peccata sicut restem longam» ! Quare autem dicitur restis? Quia omnis peccator perseverans in peccatis suis, addit peccata peccatis; et cum deberet accusatione peccati sui corrigi, defensione duplicat quod confessione posset auferri, et plerumque aliis peccatis vult munitus esse propter illa quae commisit. Fecit adulterium, et ne occidatur, parat homicidium; addit peccato peccatum. Rursum si ei contigerit facere homicidium, jam qui unum crimen timebat, duo timet: et utique cum videat se plura timere, quam antea timebat, non cogitat minuere quod fecit, sed addere quod nondum fecit; quaerit forte et maleficium. Tria ecce habet. Inde jam quis cogitet? quis finiat restem peccatorum? Et optime dicitur restis: ut enim torqueatur restis, additur; et non adduntur recta fila, sed torta. Pravitas sibi connexa ducitur in longum, et non cogitat praecidere quod male texuit; sed addere, producere, in longum protendere: ut habeat in fine unde illi ligentur manus et pedes, et projiciatur in tenebras exteriores . Haec autem peccata sua tendunt justis, quando eis suadent facere mala quae ipsi faciunt. Ideo dixit, «Restes extenderunt muscipulas pedibus meis;» id est, de peccatis suis me dejicere voluerunt. Et ubi hoc? «Juxta semitas scandalum posuerunt mihi:» non in semitis, sed «juxta semitas.» Semitae tuae, praecepta Dei sunt. Illi scandala juxta semitas posuerunt; tu, noli recedere a semitis, et non irrues in scandala. Nec volo dicas: Et prohiberet illos Deus ponere mihi scandala juxta semitas, et non ibi ponerent. Imo permisit Deus ponere scandala illos juxta semitas, et tu non recedas a semitis. «Juxta semitas scandala posuerunt mihi.»

139.10 PL 36, 1808

10. And considering the length of the way, what said he to himself? “And I said, Peradventure the darkness shall overwhelm me” (ver. 11). Lo, now I have believed in Christ, now am I wafted aloft on the wings of twofold love.…Regarding the length of the way, I said to myself, “And the night was light in my delight.” The night was made to me light, because in the night I despaired of being able to cross so great a sea, to surmount so long a journey, to reach the utmost parts by persevering to the end. Thanks to Him who sought me when a runaway, who smote my back with strokes of the scourge, who by calling me recalled me from destruction, who made my night light. For it is night so long as we are passing through this life. How was the night made light? Because Christ came down into the night.…

[«vers.» 7.] Et quid restat? quod remedium inter tanta mala, in istis tentationibus, in istis periculis? «Dixi Domino, Deus meus es tu.» Illi homines sunt, et non mei; tu et Deus, et meus es. «Dixi Domino, Deus» «meus es tu.» Magna vox orationis; movet fiduciam. Numquid illorum non est Deus? Cujus enim non est Deus, qui est verus Deus? Sed tamen proprie eorum est, qui eo fruuntur, qui ei serviunt, qui libenter sub ipso sunt. Nam et mali quamvis inviti, sub ipso sunt. Illi appellant Deum, a quo coronentur; sub illo illi fugiunt, a quo damnentur. Et iniquus qui non vult habere Dominum Deum suum, quo fugiet Deum omnium? Bonum est illi ergo ut convertatur ad Deum omnium, faciatque illum conversione suum; et positus inter tales peccatores, seductores, hypocritas, superbos, dicat ad Deum, quem sui conversione sibi fecit Deum suum: «Dixi Domino, Deus meus es tu. Percipe auribus, Domine, vocem deprecationis meae.» Simplex quidem sententia est, et facilis ad intelligendum: sed tamen delectat forte cogitare quare non dixerit, Percipe auribus deprecationem meam; sed velut evidentius exprimens affectum animi sui, ait, «vocem deprecationis meae,» vitam deprecationis meae, animam deprecationis meae, non quod sonat in verbis meis, sed unde vivunt verba mea. Caeteri enim strepitus sine anima, soni dici possunt, voces non possunt: vox proprie animatorum est, vivorum est. Quam multi autem deprecantur Deum, et non sentiunt Deum, nec bene cogitant de Deo? Sonum deprecationis habere possunt, vocem non possunt; quia vita ibi non est. Hujus qui vivebat, quia Deum suum intelligebat, et a quo liberaretur videbat, et a quibus liberaretur sentiebat, ipsa erat vox deprecationis ejus.

139.11 PL 36, 1809

11. “For darkness shall not be darkened by Thee” (ver. 12). Do not thou then darken thy darkness; God darkeneth it not, but enlighteneth it yet more; for to Him is said in another Psalm, “Thou, Lord, shalt light my candle: my God shall enlighten my darkness.” But who are they who “darken their darkness,” which God darkeneth not? Evil men, perverse men; when they sin, verily they are darkness; when they confess not their sins which they have committed but go on to defend them, they “darken their darkness.” Wherefore now if thou hast sinned thou art in darkness, but by confessing thy darkness thou shalt obtain to have thy darkness lightened; by defending thy darkness, thou shalt “darken thy darkness.” And where wilt thou escape from double darkness, who wast in difficulty in single darkness?…Let us not “darken our darkness” by defending our sins, and “the night shall be light in our delight.”

[«vers.» 8.] Ipsam commendans auribus Dei dicat, «Domine, Domine.» Tu «Domine, Domine,» id est, tu verissime Domine, non quales domini homines, non quales domini qui emunt saccello; sed qualis Dominus qui emit sanguine. «Domine, Domine, virtus salutis meae:» id est, qui das vires saluti meae. Quid sibi vult, «virtus salutis meae?» Conquerebatur de scandalis et insidiis peccatorum, de circumlatrantibus et circuminsidiantibus malignis hominibus vasis diaboli, de superbis invidentibus justis, inter quales necesse est vitam ducere, cum hic vivimus in peregrinatione nostra hac. Talia vero scandala abundantia futura Dominus praedixit, et ait: «Abundabit iniquitas, et quoniam abundabit iniquitas, refrigescet charitas multorum.» Sed adjunxit statim solatium: «Qui perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit» . Attendit iste, et timuit; et abundantia iniquitatum turbatus respexit spem: quia «qui perseveraverit usque in finem, hic salvus erit.» Extendit se perseverare, et vidit longam viam; et quia perseverare magnum est et difficile, ipsum oravit ad perfectionem perseverantiae suae, a quo illi jussum est ut perseveraret. Certe salvus ero, si perseveravero usque in finem; sed perseverantia ad virtutem pertinet, ut merear salutem: tu es virtus salutis meae, tu me facis perseverare, ut perveniam ad salutem. «Domine, Domine, virtus salutis meae.» Et unde spero quia tu es virtus salutis meae? «Obumbrasti super caput meum in die belli.» Ecce modo adhuc pugno: pugno foris contra fictos bonos, pugno intus contra concupiscentias meas; quoniam «video aliam legem in membris meis, repugnantem» «legi mentis meae, et captivum me ducentem in lege peccati, quae est in membris meis. Miser ego homo, quis me liberabit de corpore mortis hujus? Gratia Dei, per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum» . Igitur laborans in hoc bello, respexit ad gratiam Dei; et quia jam coeperat aestuare et arescere, tanquam umbram invenit, sub qua viveret: «Obrumbrasti super caput meum in die belli;» id est, in aestu, ne fatigarer, ne arescerem.

139.12 PL 36, 1810

12. “And night shall be lightened as the day.” “Night, as the day.” “Day” to us is worldly prosperity, night adversity in this world: but, if we learn that it is by the desert of our sins that we suffer adversities, and our Father’s scourges are sweet to us, that the Judge’s sentence may not be bitter to us, so shall we find the darkness of this night to be, as it were, the light of this night.…But when Christ our Lord has come, and has dwelt in the soul by faith, and promised other light, and inspired and given patience, and warned a man not to delight in prosperity or to be crushed by adversity, the man, being faithful, begins to treat this world with indifference; not to be lifted up when prosperity befalls him, nor crushed when adversity, but in all things to praise God, not only when he aboundeth, but also when he loseth; not only when he is in health, but also when he is sick.…“As is His darkness, so is also His light.” His darkness overwhelms me not, because His light lifts me not up.

[«vers. 9.] Ne tradas me, Domine, a desiderio meo peccatori.» Ecce quo mihi valebit umbraculum tuum, ut aestum non patiar a meipso. Et quid mihi peccator faceret ille, quantumlibet saeviret? Saevierunt enim in martyres iniqui; traxerunt eos, catenis ligaverunt, carceribus incluserunt, gladio ferierunt, bestiis subrexerunt , ignibus consumpserunt: haec omnia fecerunt; sed non eos tradidit Deus peccatoribus, quia non sunt traditi a desiderio suo. Illud ergo ora, quantum potes, ut a desiderio tuo non te tradat Deus peccatori. Tu enim desiderio tuo locum diabolo das. Ecce enim diabolus proposuit lucrum, et invitavit ad fraudem: lucrum habere non potes, nisi fraudem feceris. Sed lucrum esca est, fraus laqueus. Sic attende escam, ut videas et laqueum: quia lucrum non potes adipisci, nisi fraudem feceris; fraudem autem si feceris, capieris. Non ideo dico, capieris, quia invenieris: aliquando enim non invenieris, sed ab hominibus; numquid a Deo? Capieris, et traheris, et occideris. Omnis enim qui talia facit, perimit seipsum. Ibi est ergo esca, ibi est et laqueus; frena desiderium, et non cades in laqueum: si autem vicerit te desiderium escae, mittit tibi collum in laqueum, et capiet te auceps animarum. «Ne tradas me a desiderio meo peccatori.» Inde inumbratur in die belli. Desiderium enim aestus facit; umbraculum autem Domini temperat desiderium, ut possimus refrenare quo rapiebamur, ut non ita exaestuemus, ut ad laqueum perducamur. «Cogitaverunt adversum me; ne derelinquas me, ne forte exaltentur.» Habes alio loco: «Qui me premunt exsultabunt si motus fuero» . Tales sunt et isti, quia talis est et ipse diabolus. Quando seduxerit hominem, gaudet, triumphat de illo; exaltatur ipse, quia ille humiliatus est. Quare autem ille humiliatus est? Quia male exaltatus fuit: et ille qui de illo triumphat, humiliabitur. Tales sunt enim omnes qui gaudent de malo; videntur sibi ad tempus gloriari, superbire, cervicem erigere. Non vos delectet exaltatio eorum; escam habent in faucibus et hamum: ibi est quo delectantur, ibi est quo trahuntur. «Ne derelinquas me, ne forte exaltentur:» id est, non de me triumphent, non de me gaudeant.

139.13 PL 36, 1810

13. “For Thou, O Lord, hast possessed my reins” (ver. 13). The Possessor is within; He occupieth not only the heart, but also the reins; not only the thoughts, but also the delights: He then possesseth that whence I should feel delight at any light in this world: He occupieth my reins: I know not delight, save from the inward light of His Wisdom. What then? Dost thou not delight that thy affairs are very prosperous, times fortunate to thee? dost thou not delight in honour, in riches, in thy family? “I do not,” saith he. Wherefore? Because “Thou hast possessed my reins, O Lord; Thou hast taken me up from my mother’s womb.” While I was in my mother’s womb, I did not regard with indifference the darkness of that night and the light of that night.…Now, having been taken up from the womb of that our mother, we look on them with indifference, and say, “As is His darkness, so is also His light.” Neither doth earthly prosperity make us happy, nor earthly adversity wretched. We must maintain righteousness, love faith, hope in God, love God, love our neighbours also. After these toils we shall have unfailing light, day without setting. Fleeting is all the light and darkness of this night.

[«vers. 10.] Caput circuitus eorum, labor labiorum ipsorum teget eos.» Me, inquit, umbra alarum tuarum teget: obumbrasti enim mihi in die belli. Ipsos quid teget? «Caput circuitus eorum:» ipsa est superbia. Quid est, «circuitus ipsorum?» Ut circumeant, et non stent; in gyrum cant erroris, ubi iter est sine fine. Qui enim in longum it, alicunde incipit, alicubi finit: qui in gyrum it, nusquam finit. Ipse est labor impiorum, qui demonstratur in alio psalmo evidentius: «In circuitu impii ambulant» . Sed circuitus eorum caput, superbia est; quia initium omnis peccati superbia . Unde autem superbia «labor labiorum ipsorum?» Omnis enim superbus fictus est, omnis fictus mendax. Laborant homines loqui mendacium: nam veritatem tota facilitate loquerentur. Ille enim laborat qui fingit quod dicit. Nam qui verum vult dicere, non laborat: ipsa enim veritas sine labore loquitur. De homine ergo hoc dixit Deo: Me proteget umbraculum tuum; ipsos teget mendacium ipsorum: sed ipsum mendacium ipsorum, labor est labiorum ipsorum. «Ecce parturivit injustitiam, concepit dolorem, et peperit iniquitatem» . In omni enim opere malo labor est, et omne opus malum cogitatum, mendacium ducem habet. Non enim est veritas, nisi in opere bono. Et propterea quia omnes laborant in mendacio, Veritas quid clamavit? «Venite ad me, omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis, et ego reficiam vos» . Ipsa est vox clamans ad laborantes in alio psalmo: «Filii hominum usquequo gravi corde? utquid diligitis vanitatem, et quaeritis mendacium» ? Aperte audi alio loco laborem in mendacio: «Docuerunt linguas suas loqui mendacium; ut inique agerent laboraverunt» . «Caput circuitus eorum, labor labiorum ipsorum teget eos.»

139.14 PL 36, 1811

14. “I will confess to Thee, O Lord, for terribly hast Thou been made wonderful: wondrous are Thy works, and my soul knoweth it right well” (ver. 14). Aforetime “Thy knowledge was made wonderful from me, it had waxed great, nor could I attain unto it.” From me then “it had waxed great.” Whence doth “my soul” now “know right well,” save because the “night is light in my delight?” save because Thy grace hath come unto me, and enlightened my darkness? save because Thou hast possessed my reins? save because Thou hast taken me up from my mother’s womb?

[«vers. 11.] Decident supra eos carbones ignis in terra, et dejicies eos.» Quid est, «in terra?» Hic, adhuc in hac vita; hic «supra illos decident carbones ignis, et dejicies eos.» Qui sunt «carbones ignis?» Novimus istos carbones. An alii sunt isti, et alii illi de quibus dicturi sumus? Istos enim video ad poenam valere; illos autem quos commemoraturus sum, ad salutem. Dictum est enim de quibusdam carbonibus, cum homo peteret adversum linguam subdolam auxilium: «Quid detur tibi, aut quid adjicietur tibi ad linguam subdolam? Sagittae potentis acutae, cum carbonibus vastatoriis» : id est, verba Dei cor transfigentia, et vetustatem perimentia, amoremque gignentia; et exempla hominum qui mortui erant et revixerunt, et nigri erant, et fulgentes effecti sunt. Carbones enim tenebrae sunt; color indicat. Sed cum ad eos accesserit flamma charitatis, et ex mortuis revixerint, audiant ab Apostolo: «Fuistis enim aliquando tenebrae, nunc autem lux in Domino» . Ipsi sunt carbones, fratres, quos intuemur, quando volumus mutare vitam transfixi sagitta Dei, et impediunt nos malae linguae hominum, de qualibus hic modo querebatur; et volunt seducere a via veritatis, potiusque inducere ad errores suos, et dicere nobis quia si professi fuerimus, non implebimus. Attendimus carbones illos. Qui erat heri ebriosus, hodie sobrius est; qui erat heri adulter, hodie castus est; qui erat heri raptor, hodie largitor: omnes isti carbones ignis sunt. Accedunt exempla carbonum ad vulnus sagittarum (non enim timeam dicere vulnus, cum clamet ipsa sponsa: «Vulnerata charitate ego sum» [Cant. II, 5, sec. LXX]), et fit ibi vastatio feni; propter quod et dicuntur carbones vastatorii. Vastatur fenum, sed purgatur aurum; et mutat homo ex morte vitam, et incipit esse etiam ipse carbo flagrans: qualis carbo erat Apostolus, qui prius fuit persecutor et blasphemus et injuriosus, niger et exstinctus; misericordiam vero consecutus , accensus est de coelo: vox Christi accendit illum; periit in eo tota nigritudo, coepit fervens spiritu quo accendebatur, accendere. Tales ergo et hic intellecturi sumus carbones ignis, qui cadunt super istos malos, et dejiciunt illos? Plane non prohibemur hunc habere intellectum. Video hic nobis elucescere non improbabilem et irreprehensibilem sententiam: intelligo illos carbones cadere super istos, ut dejiciantur. In alios enim veniunt, ut accendantur; in alios, ut dejiciantur: ipse enim carbo dicebat, «Quibusdam sumus odor mortis in mortem, quibusdam sumus odor vitae in vitam» . Vident enim justos flammantes spiritu, candentes luce, et eis invidendo cadunt; hoc est quod supervenient illis carbones ignis in terra, et dejicientur. Quid est, «in terra?» Adhuc hic sunt in hac vita; excepta illa poena quae servatur impiis, carbones isti illos dejiciunt, antequam veniat ignis aeternus: «Decident super eos carbones ignis in terra, et dejicient eos. In miseriis non subsistent.» Venit illis miseria et non tolerant: justus autem subsistit; quomodo ille subsistit, qui dicit, «Sed etiam gloriamur in tribulationibus, scientes quoniam tribulatio patientiam operatur, patientia probationem, probatio spem; spes autem non confundit: quoniam charitas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis» . At vero super illos cum ceciderit aliqua pressura, aliqua miseria, non subsistunt; cadunt. Quando enim tales patiuntur hujusmodi pressuras, non valent tolerare, decidunt in iniquitates malas; quia traduntur a desiderio suo peccatori.

139.15 PL 36, 1812

15. “My bone is not hid from Thee, which Thou hast made in secret” (ver. 15). “His bone,” he saith. What the people call ossum, is in Latin called os. This is the word in the Greek. For we might think the word os is here the one which makes in the plural ora, not os (short), which makes ossa. He saith then, I have a certain bone (ossum) in secret. For this word let us prefer to use; better is it that scholars find fault with us, than that the people understand us not. “There is then,” saith he, “a certain bone of mine, within, hidden; Thou hast made within a bone for me in secret, yet is it not hidden from Thee. In secret hast Thou made it, but hast Thou therefore hidden it from Thyself? This my bone made by Thee in secret men see not, men know not: Thou knowest, who hast made. What “bone” then meaneth he, brethren? Let us seek it, it is “in secret.” But because as Christians we are speaking in the Name of the Lord to Christians, now we find what bone is of this kind. It is a sort of inward strength; for strength and fortitude are understood to be in the bones. There is then a sort of inward strength of the soul, wherein it is not broken. Whatever tortures, whatever tribulations, whatever adversities rage around, that which God hath made strong in secret in us, cannot be broken, yieldeth not. For by God is made a certain strength of patience, of which is said in another Psalm, “But my soul shall be subjected to God, for of Him is my patience.”…Wherein dost thou glory? “In tribulations, knowing that tribulation worketh patience.” See how that strength is fashioned within in his heart: “because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.” So is fashioned and made strong that hidden bone, that it maketh us even to glory in tribulations. But to men we seem wretched, because that which we have within is hidden from them. “And my substance is in the lower parts of the earth.” Behold, in flesh is my substance, yet have I a bone within, which Thou hast fashioned, such as to cause me never to yield to any persecutions of this lower region, where still my substance is. For what great matter is it, if an Angel be brave? This is a great matter, if flesh is brave. And whence is flesh brave, whence is an earthen vessel brave, save because in it is made a bone in secret?

[«vers. 12.] Vir linguosus non dirigetur super terram.» Vir linguosus amat mendacia. Quid enim illi est voluptas, nisi loqui? Non enim attendit quid loquatur, dum loquatur. Non potest fieri ut iste dirigatur. Qualis ergo esse debet servus Dei, accensus illis carbonibus, et ipse carbo salutaris effectus? qualis esse debet? Ut magis optet audire quam dicere, sicut scriptum est, «Sit autem omnis homo velox ad audiendum, tardus ad loquendum» : et, si fieri potest, hoc cupiat, non habere necessitatem loquendi, et dicendi, et docendi. Ecce enim dico Charitati vestrae: fratres mei, loquimur nos modo ad vos, ut aliquid doceamus vos: quanto melius; omnes sciremus, et nemo doceret alterum; ut non esset alius loquens, alius audiens, sed omnes audientes unum illum cui dicitur, «Auditui meo dabis exsultationem et laetitiam» ? Unde et ille Joannes, non tam gaudebat quia praedicabat, et quia loquebatur; sed gaudebat quia audiebat: ait enim, «Amicus» «autem sponsi stat, et audit eum, et gaudio gaudet propter vocem sponsi» . Itaque, fratres, cito dixerim Charitati vestrae, ubi unusquisque probet se: non ut non loquatur, sed ut de illo locutionis officium exigat; gaudium autem taciturnitatis habeat in voluntate, vocem doctrinae in necessitate. Quando enim opus est voce doctrinae? Quando pateris imperitum, quando pateris indoctum. Si semper te delectat docere, semper vis habere imperitum quem doceas: si autem benevolus es, et vis omnes doctos esse, non vis semper habere quos doceas; et non erit in voluntate exercitatio vel probatio doctrinae tuae, sed in necessitate. Gaudium tibi sit in auditione Dei, necessitas tibi sit in locutione tua; et non eris vir linguosus, ne non dirigaris. Quare vis loqui, audire non vis? Semper foras exis, intro redire detrectas. Qui enim te docet, intus est: quando tu doces, tanquam foras exis ad eos qui foris sunt. Ab interiore enim audimus veritatem, et ad eos qui foris a nostro corde sunt, loquimur. Quod enim dicimur eos in corde habere de quibus cogitamus, secundum quamdam imaginem dicimur, quam de illis habemus impressam. Nam si omnino intus ipsi essent, scirent utique quid in corde nostro esset; atque ita ut eis loqueremur, opus non esset. Si autem hoc te delectat quod foris agis; vide ne tumescas foris, et non possis redire per angustam, et non possit tibi dicere Deus tuus, «Intra in gaudium Domini tui:» sed dicat tibi, quia forinsecus erat quod amasti, «Ligate ei manus et pedes, et mittite eum in tenebras exteriores» . Ubi enim ostendit malum esse mitti exterius, ibi ostendit bonum esse intrare interius. Nam servo bono quid dixit? «Intra in gaudium Domini tui.» Malo autem servo, «Projicite illum in tenebras exteriores» . Non ergo amemus magis exteriora, sed interiora: de interioribus gaudeamus; in exterioribus autem necessitatem habeamus, non voluntatem. «Vir linguosus non dirigetur super terram.»

139.16 PL 36, 1813

16. …“Thine eyes did see Mine imperfect one, and in Thy book shall all be written” (ver. 16), not only the perfect, but also the imperfect. Let not the imperfect fear, only let them advance. Nor yet, because I have said, “let them not fear,” let them love their imperfection, and remain there, where they are found. Let them advance, as far as in them lieth. Daily let them add, daily let them approach; yet let them not fall back from the Body of the Lord: that, compacted in one Body and among these members, they may be counted worthy to have that said of them. “By day shall they wander, and none among them.” “The Day” was yet on earth, even our Lord Jesus Christ. Whence He said, “Walk while ye have the day.” But “by day shall” His imperfect ones “wander.” They too thought that our Lord Jesus Christ was only man, that He had not within Him the hidden Godhead, that He was not secretly God, but that He was that only which was seen: this they too thought.…But what is, “In the day they shall wander”? Shall they perish? Where then is, “In Thy book shall all be written”? When then did they “wander in the day”? When they understood not the Lord set upon earth. And what followeth? “But to me Thy friends are made very honourable, O God” (ver. 17); those very ones, who “wandered in the day, and none was in them,” became Thy friends, and were made very honourable to me. That bone was made in them in secret after the resurrection of the Lord, and they suffered for His Name, at whose death they had been amazed. “Mightily strengthened were their chieftainships.” They became Apostles, they became leaders of the Church, they became rams leading their flocks, “mightily strengthened.”

«Virum injustum mala venabuntur in interitum.» Veniunt mala, et non subsistit; ideo dixit, «Venabuntur in interitum.» Multis enim bonis, multis justis evenerunt mala; et tanquam invenerunt eos mala. Nam ideo dixit, «Venabuntur,» quia unusquisque abscondere se vult a malo: sed cum invenitur a malo, quasi factus est in venationem. Numquid autem soli mali fugiunt a malis, quando quaeruntur a malis? Nonne et bonis dictum est: «Si vos persecuti fuerint in hac civitate, fugite in aliam» ? Ergo quando mali persequebantur bonos, id est martyres nostros, cum eos comprehenderunt, venati sunt eos; sed non ad interitum. Pressa est enim caro, coronata est anima; et ejecta est anima de carne, nec carni aliquid factum est quod obesset in posterum. Incensa sit caro, percussa sit caro, laniata sit caro; numquid ideo subtracta est Creatori, quia data est in manus persecutoris? Ille qui creavit ex eo quod non erat, non reparabit melius quam erat? Ergo quandocumque capti sunt justi, venati sunt illos quidem mali, sed non ad interitum. At vero illi qui non dirigentur et linguosi sunt, mala eos venabuntur ad interitum. Quare? Quia «in miseriis non subsistent.»

139.17 PL 36, 1814

17. “I will number them, and they shall be multiplied above the sand” (ver. 18). By means of them, who “wandered in the day,” lo! there has been born all this great multitude, which now is like the sand innumerable, save by God. For He said, “they shall be multiplied above the sand,” and yet He had said, “I will number them.” The very same who are numbered, “shall be multiplied above the sand.” For by Him is the sand numbered, by whom “the very hairs of our head are numbered.” “I have risen, and yet am I with Thee.” Already have I suffered, saith He, already have I been buried; lo! I have risen, and not yet do they understand that I am with them. “Yet am I with Thee,” that is, not yet with them, for not yet do they recognise Me. For thus do we read in the Gospel, that after the resurrection of oar Lord Jesus Christ, when He appeared to them, they did not at once know Him. There is another meaning also: “I have risen, and yet am I with Thee,” as though He would signify this present time, wherein He is as yet hidden at the right hand of the Father, before He is revealed in the brightness, wherein He shall come to judge the quick and the dead.

[«vers. 13.] Cognovi quia faciet Dominus judicium egentis.» Egens iste non est linguosus: qui enim linguosus est, abundare vult, esurire nescit. Illi autem egentes sunt, quibus dicitur, «Pulsate, et aperietur vobis; quaerite, et invenietis; petite, et dabitur vobis» : ille egens est, de quo dicitur, «Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quoniam ipsi saturabuntur» . Gemunt inter scandala malorum, ipsi precantur ad caput suum, ut eruantur ab homine malo, et ab homine maligno liberentur, et de manibus injustorum eruantur. Ipsi ergo sunt quorum causam Dominus non negliget: et si modo pressuras patiuntur, apparebit gloria ipsorum, cum apparuerit caput ipsorum. Talibus enim hic constitutis dicitur, «Mortui estis, et vita vestra abscondita est cum Christo in Deo» . Ergo pauperes sumus, abscondita est vita nostra; clamemus ad panem: est enim panis vivus qui de coelo descendit ; et qui in via reficit nos, in patria saturabit nos. Modo enim, ut duremus, reficimur: nam necesse est esuriamus, quoadusque satiemur. «Cognovi quia faciet Dominus judicium egentis.» Certus erat iste «quoniam faciet Dominus judicium egentis, et causam pauperum.» Ostendet iniquis quomodo diligit justos suos; ostendet divitibus quomodo diligat pauperes suos. Divites dixit, superbos; pauperes dixit, humiles: divites dixit, per abundantiam non quaerentes; pauperes dixit, per desiderium suspirantes. Faciet Dominus causam ipsorum.

139.18 PL 36, 1814

18. And then He telleth what meanwhile, during this whole time when He already has risen, and remaineth still with the Father, He suffereth by the intermixture of sinners in His Body, the Church, and by the separation of heretics. “If Thou, O God, shalt slay the sinners (since Thou shalt say in Thy thought, Depart from Me, ye men of blood), they shall receive in vanity their cities” (ver. 19, 20). The words seem to be connected in this order; “If Thou, O God, shall slay the sinners, they shall receive in vanity their cities.” Thus are sinners slain, because, “having their understandings darkened, they are alienated from the life of God.” For on account of elation they lose confession, and so they are slain, and in them is fulfilled what Scripture saith, “Confession perisheth from the dead, as from one that is not.” And so “they receive in vanity their cities,” that is, their vain peoples, who follow their vanity; when, puffed up by the name of righteousness, they persuade men to burst the bond of unity, and blindly and ignorantly follow them, as being more righteous.…But now the Body of Christ, the Church, saith, Why do the proud speak falsely against me, as though I were stained by other men’s sins, and so, by separating themselves, “receive in vanity their cities”? “Have not I hated those who hated Thee, Lord?” (ver. 21). Why do those who are worse themselves require of me to separate myself in body as well as spirit from the wicked, so as to root up the wheat, together with the tares, before the time of harvest, that before the time of winnowing I lose my power of enduring the chaff; that before all the different sorts of fishes are brought to the end of the world, as to the shore, to be separated, I tear the nets of peace and unity? Are the sacraments which I receive, those of evil men? Do I; by consent, communicate in their life and deeds?…But where is, “Love your enemies”? Is it because He said “yours,” not “God’s”? “Do good to them that hate you.” He saith not, “who hate God.” So he followeth the pattern, and saith, “Have not I hated those who hated Thee; Lord?” He saith not, “Who have hated me.” “And at Thine enemies did I waste away.” “Thine,” he said, not “mine.” But those who hate us and are enemies unto us, only because we serve Him, what else do they but hate Him, and are His enemies. Ought we then to love such enemies as these? Or do not they suffer persecution for God’s sake, to whom it is said, “Pray for them that persecute you”? Observe then what followeth. “With a perfect hatred did I hate them” (ver. 22). What is, “with a perfect hatred”? I hated in them their iniquities, I loved Thy creation. This it is to hate with a perfect hatred, that neither on account of the vices thou hate the men, nor on account of the men love the vices. For see what he addeth, “They became mine enemies.” Not only as God’s enemies, but as his own too doth he now describe them. How then will he fulfil in them both his own saying, “Have not I hated those that hated Thee, Lord,” and the Lord’s command, “Love your enemies”? How will he fulfil this, save with that “perfect hatred,” that he hate in them that they are wicked, and love that they are men? For in the time even of the Old Testament, when the carnal people was restrained by visible punishments, how did Moses, the servant of God, who by understanding belonged to the New Testament, how did he hate sinners when he prayed for them, or how did he not hate them when he slew them, save that he “hated them with a perfect hatred”? For with such perfection did he hate the iniquity which he punished, as to love the manhood for which he prayed.

[«vers. 14.] Verumtamen justi confitebuntur nomini tuo.» Et quando ages causam ipsorum, et quando facies judicium ipsorum, tuo nomini confitebuntur: meritis suis nihil tribuent, non tribuent totum nisi misericordiae tuae. «Verumtamen justi confitebuntur nomini tuo.» Et quia confitebuntur nomini tuo, ut quantumcumque justi fuerint, nihil sibi assumant de suo, nihil sibi tribuant de suo; quid fiet, ut dirigant cor? Quia quando ad se flectunt, torquent cor; quando autem in Dominum intendunt, dirigunt cor. Et ubi erit voluptas, ubi requies, ubi gaudium, ubi beatitudo? Numquid in se? Non; sed in quo sunt lux. «Nunc autem lux in Domino» , dixit. Ideo vide quid sequitur, vide quo concludit: «Inhabitabunt recti cum vultu tuo.» Male enim illis fuit in vultu suo; bene illis erit cum vultu tuo. Quando vultum suum amaverunt, in sudore vultus sui panem manducaverunt . Redeant, et deterso sudore, finitis laboribus, pereunte gemitu, veniet illis facies tua abundans sufficientia. Nihil quaerent amplius, quia melius non habent; amplius non te deserent, nec deserentur a te. Etenim post resurrectionem de Domino quid dictum est? «Adimplebis me laetitia cum vultu tuo» . Sine vultu suo non nobis daret laetitiam. Ad hoc purgamus vultum nostrum, ut gaudeamus ad vultum ipsius. «Filii» enim «Dei sumus, et nondum apparuit quid erimus: scimus quia cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus, quoniam videbimus eum sicuti est» ; quia «inhabitabunt recti cum vultu tuo.» Putamusne cum vultu Patris, et non cum vultu Filii? an cum vultu Filii, et non cum vultu Patris? an unus quodammodo vultus Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti? Videamus si non nobis ipse Filius promittit vultum suum, unde nos laetos faciet. Modo hoc capitulum in Evangelio, quod huic psalmo attestaretur, Dominus Deus inspiravit ut legeretur. Ait enim ipse Dominus, «Qui audit praecepta mea, et custodit ea, ipse est qui diligit me: et qui diligit me, diligetur a Patre meo, et ego diligam eum, et ostendam illi meipsum» . Quale promisit praemium, dilectissimi? Numquid eum non videbant, quibus se ostendere promittebat? nonne ante illos erat? nonne facies carnis illius adjacebat oculis eorum? Quid est quod volebat ostendere videntibus se? Sed quia talem videbant discipuli, qualem crucifixerunt Judaei; erat autem Deus in carne illa occultus; hominem autem possent videre homines, Deum vero non possent, quamvis in homine; quia «Beati mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt» ; dedit formam hominis, et piis et impiis; servavit formam Dei mundatis et piis, ut jucundemur in illo, et bene nobis in aeternum sit cum vultu ipsius.

139.19 PL 36, 1803

19. Since then the Body of Christ is in the end to be severed in body also from the unholy and wicked, but now meanwhile groaneth among them, what doeth the “love of Christ among the daughters, as the lily among thorns”? What are her words? what her conscience? what is the “appearance of the king’s daughter within”? Lo, hear what she saith. “Prove me, O God, and know my heart” (ver. 23). Do Thou, O God, Thou prove me, Thou know; not man, not an heretic, who neither knoweth how to prove, nor can know my heart, whereas Thou provest, and knowest that I consent not to the deeds of the wicked, while they think that I can be defiled by the sins of others; so that, while I in my long wandering do what I mourn in another Psalm, that is, while I “labour for peace among them that hate peace,” until I come to that Vision of peace, which is called Jerusalem, “which is the mother of us all,” the city “eternal in the heavens;” they, contending, and falsely accusing and separating themselves, may “receive,” not, evidently, in eternity, but “in vanity, their cities.” Why this? Observe what followeth.

139.20 PL 36, 1803

20. “And see,” saith he, “if there be any way of wickedness in me, and lead me in the way everlasting” (ver. 24). “Search,” he saith, “my paths,” that is, my counsels and thoughts. What else saith he, but “lead me in Christ”? For who is “the way everlasting,” save He that is the life everlasting? For everlasting is He who said, “I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life.” If then thou findest anything in my way which displeaseth Thine eyes, since my way is mortal, do Thou “lead me in the way everlasting,” wherein is no iniquity; for even “if any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous; and He is the propitiation for our sins;” He is “the Way everlasting” without sin; He is the Life everlasting without punishment.

139.21 PL 36, 1803

21. These are great mysteries, brethren. How doth the Spirit of God speak with us? how doth it make us delights in this night? What is this, we ask you, brethren, whence are they sweeter, the darker they are? He mixeth us our potion after His love, in certain wondrous ways. He maketh His own sayings wondrous, so that while we were speaking what ye already knew, yet forasmuch as it was dug out of passages which seemed obscure, the knowledge itself seemed to be made new. Did ye not know, brethren, that the wicked are to be tolerated in the Church, and schisms not to be made? Did ye not already know, that within those nets which hold both good and bad fishes, we must abide even to the shore, nor must the nets be burst, because on the shore the good shall be separated into vessels, and the bad thrown away? Ye know this already; but these verses of this Psalm ye did not understand; that which ye did not understand is explained; that which ye knew has been renewed.

Philip Schaff (ed.), Buffalo/New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1886-1889. Public domain: English translation first published 1885-1900 (Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series). Latin: Migne, Patrologia Latina (1844-1855), public domain; transcription from Corpus Corporum (University of Zurich).

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