Achitophel counselleth Absolom: presenly to assault his father with forces, 7. Chusai perswadeth the contrarie, 15. and secretly aduertiseth the king therof. 23. Achitophel hangeth him self. 25. Absolom appointeth Amasa general of his armie. 27. Other freindes bring victuals to the kinges campe.
1And Achitophel said to Absalom: I will choose me twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night.Or Achitophel disse ad Assalonne: Io mi farò scelta di dodici mila uomini, e partirò questa notte in traccia di Davidde.ACHITOPHEL therefore said to Absolom: I wil choose me twelue thousand men, and rysing I wil pursew Dauid this night.Dixit ergo Achitophel ad Absalom: Eligam mihi duodecim millia virorum, et consurgens persequar David hac nocte. 2And coming upon him (for he is now weary, and weak handed) I will defeat him: and when all the people is put to flight that is with him, I will kill the king who will be left alone.E lo assalirò, mentre sarà stanco, e fievole, e lo metterò in iscompiglio: e fuggita che sia tutta la gente, che lo segue, io ucciderò il re abbandonato.And falling vpon him (for as much as he is weary, and of weakened handes) I wil strike him: and when al the people is fled, that is with him, I shal strike the king being desolate.Et irruens super eum (quippe qui lassus est, et solutis manibus), percutiam eum: cumque fugerit omnis populus qui cum eo est, percutiam regem desolatum. 3And I will bring back all the people, as if they were but one man: for thou seekest but one man: and all the people shall be in peace.E ricondurrò tutto quel popolo, come sì farebbe tornare un sol uomo: perocché tu non cerchi se non un uomo: e tutto il popolo sarà in pace.And I shal reduce al the people, as one man is wont to returne: for thou seekest one man: and al the people shal be in peace.Et reducam universum populum, quomodo unus homo reverti solet: unum enim virum tu quæris: et omnis populus erit in pace. 4And his saying pleased Absalom, and all the ancients of Israel.Piacque il suo parlare ad Assalonne, e a tutti i seniori d'Israele.And his saying pleased Absalom, and al the ancientes of Israel.Placuitque sermo ejus Absalom, et cunctis majoribus natu Israël. 5But Absalom said: Call Chusai the Arachite, and let us hear what he also saith.Ma disse Assalonne: Chiamate Chusai di Arachi, e sentiamo quel ch'egli pure dirà.But Absalom sayd: Cal Chusai the Arachite, and let vs heare what he also sayeth.Ait autem Absalom: Vocate Chusai Arachiten, et audiamus quid etiam ipse dicat. 6And when Chusai was come to Absalom, Absalom said to him: Achitophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do it or not? what counsel dost thou give?Ed essendo venuto Chusai dinanzi ad Assalonne, Assalonne gli disse: Achitophel ha parlato così, e così: dobbiam noi fare in quel modo, o no? qual è il parer tuo?And when Chusai was come to Absalom, Absalom sayd to him: This maner of speache spake Achitophel: shal we doe it or no? What counsel geuest thou?Cumque venisset Chusai ad Absalom, ait Absalom ad eum: Hujuscemodi sermonem locutus est Achitophel: facere debemus an non ? quod das consilium ?
7And Chusai said to Absalom: The counsel that Achitophel hath given this time is not good.Ma Chusai disse ad Assalonne: Questa volta il consiglio di Achitophel non è buono.And Chusai sayd to Absalom: It is not good counsel, that Achitophel hath geuen this time.Et dixit Chusai ad Absalom: Non est bonum consilium quod dedit Achitophel hac vice. 8And again Chusai said: Thou knowest thy father, and the men that are with him, that they are very valiant, and bitter in their mind, as a bear raging in the wood when her whelps are taken away: and thy father is a warrior, and will not lodge with the people.E soggiunse Chusai: Tu sai, come il padre tuo, e quei che lo seguono, sono uomini fortissimi, e irritati in cuor loro, quasi orsa infuriata ne' boschi per esserle stati rapiti i figli, e di più il padre tuo uomo guerriero non istarà fermo colla sua gente.And agayne Chusai inferred: Thou knowest thy father, and the men that are with him, to be verie valiant, and of fel courage, as if a beare in the wood her whelpes being taken away should rage: yea and thy father is a man of warre, neither wil he abyde with the people.Et rursum intulit Chusai: Tu nosti patrem tuum, et viros qui cum eo sunt, esse fortissimos et amaro animo, veluti si ursa raptis catulis in saltu sæviat: sed et pater tuus vir bellator est, nec morabitur cum populo. 9Perhaps he now lieth hid in pits, or in some other place where he list: and when any one shall fall at the first, every one that heareth it shall say: There is a slaughter among the people that followed Absalom.Forse egli adesso sta ascoso in qualche tana, o in altro luogo che avrà eletto: e se alle prime alcuni (de' tuoi) vengono a perire, si saprà tosto, e si dirà: Il popolo che seguiva Assalonne è stato sconfitto.Perhaps he lyeth now hid secretely in caues, or in some one place where he list and when any one shal fal in the beginning, there shal one heare whosoeuer shal heare it, & say: There is made a slaughter in the people that folowed Absalom.Forsitan nunc latitat in foveis, aut in uno, quo voluerit, loco: et cum ceciderit unus quilibet in principio, audiet quicumque audierit, et dicet: Facta est plaga in populo qui sequebatur Absalom. 10And the most valiant man whose heart is as the heart of a lion, shall melt for fear: for all the people of Israel know thy father to be a valiant man, and that all who are with him are valiant.E i più forti, che hanno, quasi un cuore di lione, rimarran senza forze per la paura: perocché tutto il popolo d'Israele sa come è forte il padre tuo, e come son valorosi tutti quelli che lo seguono.And euerie one of the most valiant whose hart is as it were alyons, shal fainte for feare: for al the people of Israel knowe thy father to be a valiant man, and that al be strong which are with him.Et fortissimus quisque, cujus cor est quasi leonis, pavore solvetur: scit enim omnis populus Israël fortem esse patrem tuum, et robustos omnes qui cum eo sunt.
11But this seemeth to me to be good counsel: Let all Israel be gathered to thee, from Dan to Bersabee, as the sand of the sea which cannot be numbered: and thou shalt be in the midst of them.Ma buon consiglio sembrami questo: si raduni teco da Dan fino a Bersabea tutto il popolo d'Israele innumerabile come l'arena del mare: e tu sarai in mezzo a loro.But this semeth vnto me to be good counsel: Let al Israel be gathered to thee, from Dan to Bersabee, as the sand of the sea innumerable: and thou shalt be in the middes of them.Sed hoc mihi videtur rectum esse consilium. Congregetur ad te universus Israël, a Dan usque Bersabee, quasi arena maris innumerabilis: et tu eris in medio eorum. 12And we shall come upon him in what place soever he shall be found: and we shall cover him, as the dew falleth upon the ground, and we shall not leave of the men that are with him, not so much as one.E andrem sopra di lui in qualunque luogo si troverà: e lo copriremo (col numero) come la rugiada ricuopre la terra: e non lasceremo vivo neppure un solo di tutti quelli che sono con lui.And we shal sette vpon them in what place soeuer they shal be found: and we shal couer them, as dew is wont to fal vpon the earth: and we shal not leaue of the men, that are with him, not so much as one.Et irruemus super eum in quocumque loco inventus fuerit, et operiemus eum, sicut cadere solet ros super terram: et non relinquemus de viris qui cum eo sunt, ne unum quidem. 13And if he shall enter into any city, all Israel shall cast ropes round about that city, and we will draw it into the river, so that there shall not be found so much as one small stone thereof.Che se sarà entrato in qualche città, tutto Israele cingerà di funi quella città, e la strascineremo in un torrente, onde non resti di lei nemmeno una pietruzza.And if he shal enter into any citie, al Israel shal cast ropes vpon that citie round about, and we wil drawe it into the torrent, that there be not found therof not so much as a litle stone.Quod si urbem aliquam fuerit ingressus, circumdabit omnis Israël civitati illi funes, et trahemus eam in torrentem, ut non reperiatur ne calculus quidem ex ea. 14And Absalom, and all the men of Israel said: The counsel of Chusai the Arachite is better than the counsel of Achitophel: and by the will of the Lord the profitable counsel of Achitophel was defeated, that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom.E Assalonne, e tutti gli uomini d'Israele dissero: Migliore è il consiglio di Chusai Arachite, che quello di Achitophel. Ora per voler del Signore fu sventato il consiglio utile di Achitophel, perchè il Signore facesse cader la sciagura sopra Assalonne.And Absalom sayd, and al the children of Israel: The counsel of Chusai the Arachite is better then the counsel of Achitophel: and by the wil of our Lord was the profitable counsel of Achitophel defeated, that our Lord might bring in euil vpon Absalom.Dixitque Absalom, et omnes viri Israël: Melius est consilium Chusai Arachitæ, consilio Achitophel: Domini autem nutu dissipatum est consilium Achitophel utile, ut induceret Dominus super Absalom malum.
15And Chusai said to Sadoc and Abiathar the priests: Thus and thus did Achitophel counsel Absalom, and the ancients of Israel: and thus and thus did I counsel them.Ma Chusai disse a Sadoc e ad Abiathar sacerdoti: Così ha consigliato Achitophel ad Assalonne, e a' seniori d'Israele: e io ho consigliato in questo e questo modo.And Chusai sayd to Sadoc and Abiathar the priestes: In this and this maner gaue Achitophel counsel to Absalom, and to the Ancientes of Israel: and I gaue such and such counsel.Et ait Chusai Sadoc et Abiathar sacerdotibus: Hoc et hoc modo consilium dedit Achitophel Absalom et senioribus Israël: et ego tale et tale dedi consilium. 16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Tarry not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but without delay pass over: lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that is with him.Adesso adunque spedite subito a farlo sapere a Davidde, e ditegli: Non fermarti questa notte nella pianura del deserto, passa di là, affinchè non resti oppresso il re, e tutta la gente, che è con lui.Now therfore send quickly, and tel Dauid, saying: Tarie not this night in the champayne of the desert, but without delay passe ouer: lest perhaps the king be swalowed vp, and al the people that is with him.Nunc ergo mittite cito, et nuntiate David, dicentes: Ne moreris nocte hac in campestribus deserti, sed absque dilatione transgredere: ne forte absorbeatur rex, et omnis populus qui cum eo est. 17And Jonathan and Achimaas stayed by the fountain Rogel: and there went a maid and told them: and they went forward, to carry the message to king David, for they might not be seen, nor enter into the city.Or Gionata e Achimaas stavano vicino alla fontana di Rogel: andò una serva, e portò loro l'ambasciata: e quelli partirono per recare l'avviso al re Davidde: perocché essi non dovean essere veduti, nè entrare in città.And Ionathas & Achimaas stood by the Fountayne rogel: there went a maide and told them: and they went forward, to report the message to king Dauid: for they could not beseene, nor enter into the citie.Jonathas autem et Achimaas stabant juxta fontem Rogel: abiit ancilla et nuntiavit eis. Et illi profecti sunt, ut referrent ad regem David nuntium: non enim poterant videri, aut introire civitatem. 18But a certain boy saw them, and told Absalom: but they making haste went into the house of a certain man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court, and they went down into it.Ma videgli un giovinetto, e avvisò Assalonne: or eglino entraron di corsa in casa d'un cert'uomo in Bahurim, il quale avea una cisterna nel suo vestibolo; e in quella (cisterna) furono calati.And a certayne boy saw them, and told Absalom: but they making hast entered into the house of a certayne man in Bahurim, who had a wel in his court, and they went downe into it.Vidit autem eos quidam puer, et indicavit Absalom: illi vero concito gradu ingressi sunt domum cujusdam viri in Bahurim, qui habebat puteum in vestibulo suo: et descenderunt in eum.
19And a woman took, and spread a covering over the mouth of the well, as it were to dry sodden barley and so the thing was not known.E la donna di casa prese una coperta, e la distese sulla bocca della cisterna, come se volesse far seccare dell'orzo pesto: così la cosa restò occulta.And a woman tooke, and spred a couering ouer the mouth of the wel, as it were drying sodde barley: and so the thing was not knowen.Tulit autem mulier, et expandit velamen super os putei, quasi siccans ptisanas: et sic latuit res. 20And when Absalom’s servants were come into the house, they said to the woman: Where is Achimaas and Jonathan? and the woman answered them: They passed on in haste, after they had tasted a little water. But they that sought them, when they found them not, returned into Jerusalem.Ed essendo sopraggiunti i servi di Assalonne in quella casa, dissero alla donna: Dov'è Achimaas, e Gionata? E la donna rispose: Sono passati in fretta, bevuto avendo un po' di acqua. Ma quelli che li cercavano, non avendoli trovati, se ne tornarono a Gerusalemme.And when Absaloms seruantes were come into the house, they sayd to the woman: Where is Achimaas, and Ionathas? And the woman answered them: They passed in hast, hauing tasted a litle water. But they that sought, when they had not sound, returned into Ierusalem.Cumque venissent servi Absalom in domum, ad mulierem dixerunt: Ubi est Achimaas et Jonathas ? Et respondit eis mulier: Transierunt festinanter, gustata paululum aqua. At hi qui quærebant, cum non reperissent, reversi sunt in Jerusalem. 21And when they were gone, they came up out of the well, and going on told king David, and said: Arise, and pass quickly over the river: for this manner of counsel has Achitophel given against you.E quando questi se ne furono andati, uscirono quelli della cisterna, e andarono a portar l'avviso al re Davidde, e dissero: Movetevi e passate subito il fiume: perocché tal è il consiglio dato contro di voi da Achitophel.And when these were gone, they went vp out of the wel, and going on told king Dauid, and sayd: Aryse ye, and passe quickly the riuer: because this maner of counsel hath Achitophel geuen against you.Cumque abiissent, ascenderunt illi de puteo, et pergentes nuntiaverunt regi David, et dixerunt: Surgite, et transite cito fluvium: quoniam hujuscemodi dedit consilium contra vos Achitophel. 22So David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan, until it grew light, and not one of them was left that was not gone over the river.Si mosse adunque Davidde, e tutta la gente che era con lui, e passarono il Giordano fino all'apparir del giorno: e neppur uno restò, che non passasse il fiume.Dauid therfore arose, and al the people that was with him, and they passed ouer Iordan, vntil it waxed light, and not one at al was remayning, which did not passe the riuer.Surrexit ergo David, et omnis populus qui cum eo erat, et transierunt Jordanem, donec dilucesceret: et ne unus quidem residuus fuit, qui non transisset fluvium.
23But Achitophel seeing that his counsel was not followed, saddled his ass, and arose and went home to his house and to his city, and putting his house in order, hanged himself, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.Ma Achitophel veggendo, come non era stato eseguito il suo consiglio, sellò il suo asino, e partì, e andò a casa sua nella sua patria, e acconciate le cose di sua casa s'impiccò, e fu sepolto nel sepolcro del padre suo.Moreouer Achitophel seing that his counsel was not executed, sadled his asse, and rose and went into his house and into his citie: and taking order with his house, hanged him self, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.Porro Achitophel videns quod non fuisset factum consilium suum, stravit asinum suum, surrexitque, et abiit in domum suam et in civitatem suam: et disposita domo sua, suspendio interiit, et sepultus est in sepulchro patris sui. 24But David came to the camp, and Absalom passed over the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.E Davidde giunse agli alloggiamenti, e Assalonne passo il Giordano egli, e tutto Israele con lui.But Dauid came into the Campe, and Absalom passed ouer Iordan, he and al the men of Israel with him.David autem venit in castra, et Absalom transivit Jordanem, ipse et omnes viri Israël cum eo. 25Now Absalom appointed Amasa in Joab’s stead over the army: and Amasa was the son of a man who was called Jethra, of Jezrael, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Naas, the sister of Sarvia who was the mother of Joab.E Assalonne fece capitano dell'esercito Amasa invece di Gioab: or Amasa era figliuolo di un uomo di Jezrahel chiamato Jetra, il quale avea sposata Abigail figliuola di Naas, sorella di Sarvia, la quale fu madre di Gioab.But Absalom appoynted Amasa for Ioab ouer the armie: and Amasa was the sonne of a man, which was called Iethra of Iezrael, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Naas, the sister of Saruia which was the mother of Ioab.Amasam vero constituit Absalom pro Joab super exercitum: Amasa autem erat filius viri qui vocabatur Jetra de Jezraëli, qui ingressus est ad Abigail filiam Naas, sororem Sarviæ, quæ fuit mater Joab. 26And Israel camped with Absalom in the land of Galaad.E Assalonne con Israele posero il campo nella terra di Galaad.And Israel camped with Absalom in the Land of Galaad.Et castrametatus est Israël cum Absalom in terra Galaad. 27And when David was come to the camp, Sobi the son of Naas of Rabbath of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammihel of Lodabar and Berzellai the Galaadite of Rogelim,E arrivato David agli alloggiamenti, Sobi figliuolo di Naas di Rabbath degli Ammoniti, e Machir figliuolo di Ammihel di Lodabar, e Berzellai Galaadite di RogelimAnd when Dauid was come into the Campe, Sobi the sonne of Naas of Rabbath the sonnes of Ammon, and Machir the sonne of Amihel of Lodabar, & Berzellai the Galaadite of Rogelim,Cumque venisset David in castra, Sobi filius Naas de Rabbath filiorum Ammon, et Machir filius Ammihel de Lodabar, et Berzellai Galaadites de Rogelim, 28Brought him beds, and tapestry, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and fried pulse,Gli offersero letti, tappeti, e vasi di terra, e grano, e orzo, e farina, e orzo secco, e fave, e lenti, e ceci tostati,presented vnto him hanginges, and tapestrie, and earthen vessels, wheate, and barley, and meale, and polent, and beanes, and rishe, and fryed pease,obtulerunt ei stratoria, et tapetia, et vasa fictilia, frumentum, et hordeum, et farinam, et polentam, et fabam, et lentem, et frixum cicer, 29And honey, and butter, and sheep, and fat calves, and they gave to David and the people that were with him, to eat: for they suspected that the people were faint with hunger and thirst in the wilderness.E miele, e burro, e pecore, e grassi vitelli: e gli diedero a Davidde, e alla gente che era con lui, perchè ne mangiasse: perocché ebber timore che il popolo patisse la fame, e la sete nel deserto.and honie, and butter, sheepe, & fatte calues and they gaue to Dauid and the people, that was with him, to eate: for they suspected that the people with hunger and thyrst was faynte in the desert.et mel, et butyrum, oves, et pingues vitulos: dederuntque David, et populo qui cum eo erat, ad vescendum: suspicati enim sunt populum fame et siti fatigari in deserto.
17:1
Year of the World 2981.
Haydock
This night. Achitophel has a mind to shew that he is not only an able statesman, but a good general. (Haydock)
Tacitus
On such occasions, expedition is of the utmost consequence, that the people may not have time to enter into themselves, or to concentrate about their lawful king. "Nothing is more delightful than haste in civil discord, where action is more requisite than consultation." By delays, "he would give the wicked an opportunity to repent, and the good would unite together. Crimes are confirmed by rushing on; good counsels by deliberation." Scelera impetu; bona consilia mora valescere. (Tacitus, Hist. i.)
17:2
Handed. He has not had time to collect forces.
Haydock
Alone. Hebrew also, "the king also;" so that the people will be saved by flight. (Haydock)
17:3
Menochius
One man. They will return with such unanimity, when their leader is cut off. (Menochius)
Haydock
David was the one man whom his son desired to kill, as the latter was the only one whom David ordered to be spared, 2 Kings 18:5. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew seems rather transposed: "I will bring back all the people to thee, as all the people, whom thou seekest, are returned; and all the people shall be in peace:" or, ... "when all those, whom thou desirest, shall be returned, etc. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "as a bride returns to her husband; only the soul of one thou seekest, and peace shall be to all the people." (Haydock)
17:7
Haydock
This time, though he displays such prudence on all other occasions; or, "at this time" the situation of affairs is such, that it may prove dangerous to push people, who are already desperate, to extremities. Here we behold, how different sentiments may appear equally plausible. (Haydock)
Mind, reduced to despair. The maxim is beautiful, as well as the comparison. See Osee 13:7., Proverbs 17:12., and Lamentations 3:10.
Calmet
People. Hebrew adds, "in the night;" or, "he will not suffer the people to pass the night" in repose. (Calmet)
Haydock
He will not entrust his person to a faithless multitude, but will be surrounded with a chosen band, with whom he may escape, even though the rest should flee. (Haydock)
Menochius
Achitophel had represented David abandoned by his men. (Menochius)
17:9
Calmet
First. Hebrew, "If they attack them at first." (Calmet)
Haydock
Report will easily represent the engagement as unfavourable to Absalom; and this will be readily believed, as all are convinced of David's valour. (Haydock)
Calmet
Nothing ought to be risked in such beginnings. (Calmet)
17:10
Menochius
Man. Hebrew, "the son of valour himself." Achitophel, or any other. (Menochius)
17:11
Of them, their general. Hebrew, "and thy face shall go to battle," Exodus 23:14.
17:12
Dew, which there falleth every night, in summer, like rain, Deuteronomy 33:28. Some of the light armed troops of the Romans were called Rorarii, because they fell upon the enemy, and began the battle.
17:13
Menochius
Ropes, armed with hooks, to pull down the walls, and to move the battering engines. All the discourse of Chusai tends to fill the mind of the young prince with vanity; as if he could overcome all opposition when surrounded with the armies of Israel, (Calmet) at the head of which he would appear, instead of Achitophel, ver. 1. (Menochius)
17:14
Haydock
Profitable, to the cause of Absalom, more than that of Chusai, which was also very plausible. (Haydock)
Calmet
Lord. The Scripture always directs us to fix our thoughts on God, as the arbiter of all human affairs. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hebrew, "for the Lord had ordained to dissipate the good counsel," etc. (Haydock)
"Plerumque qui fortunam mutaturus est consilia corrumpit, efficitque, quod miserrimum est, ut quod accidit, etiam meritò accidisse videatur, et casus in culpam transeat," Peterc. ii.
17:15
Haydock
Thus. He discloses the secrets of the person who had consulted him, (Calmet) as his engagements to David and to his country were prior, and more to be observed, to prevent the effects of civil war. (Haydock)
17:16
Over the Jordan, that it might be some sort of barrier, in case Absalom changed his mind, to follow the advice of Achitophel.
17:17
St. Jerome
Maid, under the pretence of washing linen. (St. Jerome, Trad.)
17:18
It, as it was level with the ground; so that a cloth being spread over it, prevented all suspicion. It had no water.
17:19
Theodotion
Barley, which was afterwards fried with oil, and eaten. Ptisanas may also denote wheat, etc. Grana contusa. (Theodotion)
Calmet
"Figs." (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint have the original (hariphoth) untranslated. (Haydock)
17:20
Calmet
Water. Hebrew, "they have crossed the brook of water." (Calmet)
17:22
Haydock
River. Hebrew, "Jordan." (Haydock)
Calmet
They had travelled twenty leagues in the day and night after their departure from Jerusalem. (Calmet)
17:23
Menochius
Order, making his will. (Menochius)
Calmet
Hanged himself. Some Rabbins pretend that he died of quinsey, or suffocated with grief. But it is almost universally believed that he set a pattern to Judas, the traitor, in this mode of dying, as well as in perfidy. He was aware that Absalom was undone, and vexed that his counsel had been disregarded. The most prudent of this world are often blind to their own welfare. The Jews had not yet begun to refuse the rites of sepulture to suicides. (Calmet)
17:24
Challoner
To the camp. The city of Mahanaim, the name of which in Hebrew, signifies The Camp. It was a city of note at that time; as appears from its having been chosen by Isboseth for the place of his residence. (Challoner)
Haydock
The Vulgate often translates Mahanaim, or Manaim. See 2 Kings 2:8, 12. (Haydock)
Him. It is not known how soon. But he probably waited till he had collected his forces. David had done the like, and was joined by the king of Ammon, ver. 27.
17:25
Du Hamel
Jazrael, or Israel. (Du Hamel)
Haydock
Gortius would read Ismael, as 1 Paralipomenon 2:17, Jether, the Ismaelite. (Haydock)
Menochius
Went in. This expressing makes Sanchez believe that Amasa was illegitimate. (Menochius)
Calmet
Naas is either the name of Isai's wife, or rather the latter had both names, 1 Paralipomenon 2:13, 16. Septuagint read Jesse, in the edition of Complut.; in others, Naas. (Calmet)
Joab; so that these two were own cousins, and both nephews of David.
17:27
Haydock
Camp, ver. 24. (Haydock)
Sobi, whom David had set upon the throne, instead of Hanon, 2 Kings 10.
Machir, who had the care of Miphiboseth, 2 Kings 9:4.
Berzellai. See 2 Kings 19:31.
17:28
Beds, with all the necessary furniture, coverlets, etc. Roman Septuagint, "ten beds, with fur on both sides."
Tapestry. Some would translate, "bottles," (Chaldean) or "cauldrons;" (Roman Septuagint) but other editions agree with the Vulgate.
Vessels. These are necessary, as much as things of greater magnificence. Precious metals were then rarely used in the kitchen.
Calmet
Pulse, (cicer) or "parched peas." Hebrew kali, is thus twice translated, as it had been rendered parched corn. It signifies any thing "parched." The ancients made great use of such food in journeys, as the Ethiopians and Turks do still. (Athen. 2:13.; Busbec. iii.; Bellon. 2:53.) (Calmet)
17:29
Theodotion
Calves. Many translate the Hebrew, "cheese of kine." (Theodotion)
Haydock
"Calves fed with milk." (Haydock)
Calmet
Wilderness, where they had been; unless this be placed out of its natural order. (Calmet)
Haydock
The value of a present depends greatly on the time when it is made. (Haydock)
Seneca
"How much dost thou esteem a hospitable reception in a wilderness?" etc. (Seneca, Ben. 6:15.)
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To the camp.... The city of Mahanaim, the name of which, in Hebrew, signifies The camp. It was a city of note at that time, as appears from its having been chosen by Isboseth for the place of his residence.
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Bad counsail often falleth worst to the counseller.
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Homilies on Philippians 5
… Let me then lay before you examples of these qualities from the Scriptures. What is flattery, and meanness, and adulation? Ziba flattered David out of season, and falsely slandered his master. ( 2 Sam. xvi. 1–3 .) Much more did Ahitophel flatter Absalom. (
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 39.4
… (Hence in the story of Dives and Lazarus, Abraham and the beggar, though really in a place of refreshment, are described as being in hell. ) And David, who, after interceding in vain for the life of his infant child, refused to weep for it, knowing that it had not sinned, did well to weep for a son who had been a parricide—in will, if not in deed.
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san Girolamo † 420 d.C. Against the Pelagians 2
xvii. 14 . And is delivered only by God’s confounding the counsel of Ahithophel.
sant'Agostino d'Ippona † 430 d.C. A Treatise on Grace and Free Will 41
… Did not Absalom choose by his own will the counsel which was detrimental to him? And yet the reason of his doing so was that the Lord had heard his father’s prayer that it might be so. Wherefore the Scripture says that “the Lord appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the Lord might bring all evils upon Absalom.”
Giovanni Cassiano † 435 d.C. The Conferences of John Cassian 17.19
… “But by the will of the Lord the profitable counsel of Ahithophel was defeated that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom?”
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Giovanni Cassiano † 435 d.C. The Conferences of John Cassian 17.19
… What too shall we say of the deed of that woman, who received the men who had been sent to king David by the aforesaid Hushai, and hid them in a well, and spread a cloth over its mouth, and pretended that she was drying pearl-barley, and said “They passed on after tasting a little water”;
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1. PERSEQUAR DAVID. Erat hoc utile consilium. Si enim Achitophel fugientem Davidem e vestigio, cum lecto milite fuisset insecutus, utique eum inermem, desertum et imparatum oppressisset: at cum, suadente Chusai, interjecta fuit mora, David undique subditos ad se convocavit, armavit, in aciem disposuit, itaque confligens cum rudi populo Absalomi eum prostravit. Celeritas enim in bellis plurimum valet. Unde illud Julii Caesaris: «Veni, vidi, vici.» Sic Chusai hic injiciens moras rebellioni Absalomi, eam dissipavit. Politice discant hic principes rebellionem et seditionem omni ratione et modo esse praecavendam, curandumque ne oriatur; si autem jam orta sit et conflata, injiciendas ei esse moras et remoras.
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11. CONGREGETUR AD TE UNIVERSUS ISRAEL. Non hoc volebat Chusai, sed id suae sententiae praetexuit, ut daretur mora Davidi ad fugiendum et comparandum praelium.
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13. CIRCUMDABIT OMNIS ISRAEL CIVITATI ILLI FUNES. Est hyperbole significans magnitudinem virium et exercitus, q. d. Tantum populi numerum, tantas copias colligemus, ut possimus funibus civitatem circumdare et trahere in ruinam. 14. DOMINI AUTEM NUTU DISSIPATUM EST CONSILIUM ACHITOPHEL UTILE. Qua ratione id fecerit Deus, dixi cap. XIV, vers. 31.
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15. ET AIT CHUSAI SADOC ET ABIATHAR SACERDOTIBUS, scilicet summis, hoc est Pontificibus; erant ergo tunc duo Pontifices, scilicet Sadoc descendens ex Eleazar primogenito Aaronis filio, et Abiathar descendens ex Heli et Ithamar juniore Aaronis filio.
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17. NON ENIM POTERANT VIDERI, AUT INTROIRE CIVITATEM, q. d. Achimaas et Jonathas, exploratores Davidis, non audebant palam ingredi urbem, seque ostentare Jerosolymae, quia portae ejus arcte a vigilibus custodiebantur.
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19. QUASI SICCANS PTISANAS. Ptisana vox Graeca est, significans hordeum vel triticum decorticatum. Fit enim ptisana ex aliis frugibus, ait Dioscorus lib. II. Apud Columellam, ptisana est pultis genus ex farina hordeacea, cui maxima restaurandarum virium vis inest et nutriendi.
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21. SURGITE ET TRANSITE CITO FLUVIUM, Jordanem. Hoc consilium Davidi dat Chusai, quia licet ipse evertisset consilium Achitophelis, tamen verebatur ne Absalom mutaret mentem, et illico milites post Davidem submitteret. ET ABSALOM TRANSIVIT JORDANEM, non statim, sed post aliquot dies, ut suaserat Chusai, quibus David paravit copias ad ei resistendum; unde tres validas acies instruxit, quibus debellavit Absalomum, ut audiemus cap. XVIII, vers. 1 et seq. Tropologice, discant a Davide hic Duces in periculis et praeliis niti Angelorum tutelarium et praesidum ope, eamque invocare; ipsi enim victoriam conciliant, uti hic conciliarunt Davidi.
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23. PORRO ACHITOPHEL VIDENS QUOD NON FUISSET FACTUM CONSILIUM SUUM, etc., SUSPENDIO INTERIIT, ne scilicet a Davide caperetur, et quasi proditor suspenderetur; praevenit ergo et redemit suspendium infame et violentum suspendio spontaneo et voluntario. Ipse enim, ut erat prudens et sagax, praevidebat Davidem bellicosum ex mora sibi data collecturum validas copias ac rebellem Absalomum debellaturum. Ita Procopius, Theodoretus et alii. Vide hic quam verum istud: «Malum consilium consultori pessimum.» Symbolice Achitophel, proditor Davidis, fuit typus Judae proditoris, qui pariter laqueo se suspendit, ait Angelomus et Rupertus. Porro Elias in Thisbi Hebraice vertit, suffocatus est; unde putat catarrho fuisse suffocatum. Verum Septuaginta, Josephus, Noster et alii constanter vertunt, asseruntque eum se suspendisse.
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24. DAVID AUTEM VENIT IN CASTRA. Hebraea et Septuaginta, venit in Mahanaim, id est in urbem quae dicta est Mahanaim, id est castra, eo quod Jacob fugiens fratrem Esau ibidem vidisset duas acies, et quasi duo castra Angelorum pro se contra fratrem dimicantium, Genes. XXXII, 1. Ideoque David fugiens Absalomum filium in eamdem urbem secessit, sperans Deum ibidem sibi affore, sicut affuerat avo suo Jacobo.
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25. AMASA AUTEM ERAT FILIUS VIRI, QUI VOCABATUR JETRA (vel Jether) DE JESRAELI. I Paral. II, 17, vocatur hic «Jether Ismaelites.» Dico ergo Jether origine et genere fuisse Ismaelitem, sed migrasse in Judaeam, nimirum in Jesrael, ibique factum proselytum et circumcisum. Id patet ex versione Vulgata, quae hoc loco eum vocat Jetra de Jesraeli. Ergo domus ejus erat in Jesrael vel Jesraeli. QUI (Jetra vel Jether) INGRESSUS EST (quasi maritus vel concubinus) AD ABIGAIL FILIAM NAAS (ex eaque genuit Amasam) SOROREM SARVIAE, QUAE FUIT MATER JOAB. Sarvia et Abigail erant sorores Davidis, Sarvia fuit mater Joab, Abigail mater Amasae: quare David erat avunculus tam Joab quam Amasae: ipsi vero inter se erant consobrini, ut patet I Paral. II, 13. Atque idcirco eorum matres hic nominantur, non patres, ut significetur eos per matres fuisse nepotes Davidis. Abigail ergo vocatur hic filia Naas, id est Jesse sive Isai, qui fuit pater Davidis: hic enim alio nomine vocatus est Naas, cujus nominis causam symbolicam dant Hebraei apud S. Hieronymum in Tradit.: hic Jesse, inquiunt, vocatus est Naas, Hebraice nachas, id est coluber, eo quod nullum admisisse mortiferum perhibetur peccatum, nisi id quod originaliter de serpente antiquo contraxit. Talis ergo meruit esse pater Davidis regis, indeque Christi. Alia est ergo haec Jezrael a Jezrael, urbe regali et metropoli decem tribuum, quae erat terminus tribus Manasse et Issachar, sita in pede montis Gelboe ad Occidentem, in qua Jezabel uxor Achab curavit lapidari Naboth, ut ejus vineam occuparet, ideoque ibidem ipsa a Jehu occisa projecta est canibus devoranda, IV Reg. IV, 8, 9 et seq.
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27. CUMQUE VENISSET DAVID IN CASTRA (Hebraei et Septuaginta, in Mahanaim) SOBI FILIUS NAAS DE RABBATH FILIORUM AMMON. Audi S. Hieronymum in Tradit.: «Iste Sobi fuit filius Naas regis, cum quo pugnavit Saul. Ipse etiam Naas fecit misericordiam cum David, quando fugit a facie Saul; quo mortuo dixit David: Faciam misericordiam cum Hanon sicut fecit pater ejus Naas mecum. Interempto vero a David Hanon, qui ei in decalvandis servis suis injuriam fecerat, constitutus est ab eodem David in loco fratris, iste Sobi, qui ad David legitur cum ceteris venisse, et stratoria, et tapetia, et vasa fictilia, et cetera, quae dicuntur, ei obtulisse.»
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le misure opportune, salvandogli la vita e il regno (II Sam. 17, 1-14). Probabilmente C. è da identificarsi con il padre di Baana, uno dei prefetti di Salomone (I Reg. 4, 16).
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CHUSAI (ebr. Ḥúšaj). - Arachita (II Sam. 14, 32; 17, 5, 14), amico e consigliere intimo di David (II Sam. 15, 37; 16, 16), di cui godeva la piena fiducia ed a cui serviva con piena dedizione. …
17:11
La formula « da D. a Bersabea » indica i limiti estremi della Palestina (Iudc. 20, 1; I Sam. 3, 20; II Sam. 3, 10; 17, 11; 24, 2.15; I Reg. 4, 25; I Par. 21, 2; II Par. 12, 35; 27, 37). La tribù è omessa nelle genealogie di I Par. 2-12; sembra che fosse estinta dopo l'emigrazione della maggior …
17:15
… David non volle però che lo seguissero nell'esilio; li lasciò in Gerusalemme a custodire l'Arca, così l'avrebbero tenuto informato degli eventi (II Sam. 15, 24-29; 17, 15 sgg.). …
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ACHIMAAS (EBR., PROB. «FRATELLO DELL'IMPERO»)
… Scoperti e inseguiti, riuscirono a nascondersi in una cisterna a Bahurin; raggiunsero quindi David, cui riferirono il perfido consiglio del traditore Achitofel (v.), e l'avviso dei loro genitori di passare subito il Giordano (II Sam. 15, 27-36; 17, 17-20). Combattente fra le truppe di David, A., velocissimo, portò al re la notizia della vittoria sui ribelli, ma lasciò al nunzio cuñita, ch'egli aveva preceduto nella corsa, l'ingrato …
17:18
… Li Michol, recandosi da Gallim a Hebron, si separò da Phaltiel (II Sam. 3, 16; Settanta Βαρχικη), li Semei maledi il re David fuggitivo gettandogli sassi dalle alture (ibid. 16, 5; Settanta Βαυρικη), li si nascosero in una cisterna Gionata e Achimaas (ibid. 17, 18; Settanta Βαυρικη). …
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GIORDANO (EBR. JARDĒN, ARABO EL-URDUNN)
… Nella Bibbia è ricordato soprattutto come frontiera (Num. 34, 12; Ez. 47, 18), sia di nemici che lo avevano guadato (II Reg. 7, 15; Iud. 12, 5) che di Israeliti che si mettevano in salvo nell'altra riva (I Sam. 13, 7; II Sam. 2, 20; 17, 22).
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MAHANĀIM (EBR. « DUE SCHIERE » O « DUE ACCAMPAMENTI »)
… da Laban, prima di arrivare al fiume Iaboc (= Wādi ez-Zerqā) incontrò schiere di angeli (Gen. 32, 2). Era al confine tra le tribù di Gad e di Manasse (Ios. 13, 26, 30). Vi si ritirò David durante la ribellione di Absalom, morto non lontano da M. (II Sam. 17, 24, 29; 19, 32; I Reg. 2, 8).
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… Mentre in I Par. 2, 13-17 è detta figlia di Isai, in II Sam. 17, 25 appare figlia di Naas. …
AMASA (EBR. ʿĀMĀŠĀʾ «FARDELLO»; SETTANTA: ʿAṬṬĀṢA)
AMASA (ebr. ʿāmāšāʾ «fardello»; Settanta: ʿAṭṭāṣa). - Capo militare, figlio di Abigail sorella di David e di Jether (o Jetra) Ismaelita (I Par. 2, 17) o Jezraelita (II Sam. 17, 25). Parteggiò per il ribelle Ab-
… Jether e Jithra') che con Abigail, sorella di David, generò Amasa (v.; I Par. 2, 16, 17), il quale ebbe una parte rilevante nella storia di David finché fu ucciso da Ioab (II Sam. 17, 25; I Reg. 2, 5, 32). Angelo Penna
NAAS (EBR. NĀḤĀS « SERPENTE »)
3. Padre di Abigail e di Sarvia madre di Ioab (ibid. 17, 25). Viene ordinariamente identificato con Iesse, padre di David; cf. I Par. 2, 16.
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… Ospitò David fuggiasco per la ribellione di Absalom (II Sam. 17, 27). Invitato poi dal re riconoscente a stabilirsi presso di lui a Gerusalemme, oppose un gentile rifiuto per la sua tarda età: 80 anni (ibid. 19, 31-39). I suoi discendenti condivisero …
NAAS (EBR. NĀḤĀS « SERPENTE »)
2. Altro ammonita, padre di Sobi di Rabbath, il quale portò viveri a David fuggitivo, a Mahanaim (II Sam. 17, 27). Potrebbe identificarsi con il precedente.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.