Achitophel’s counsel is defeated by Chusai: who sendeth intelligence to David. Achitophel hangeth himself.
Achitophel counselleth Absolom: presenly to assault his father with forces, 7. Chusai perswadeth the contrarie, 15. and secretly aduertiseth the king therof. 23. Achitophel hangeth him self. 25. Absolom appointeth Amasa general of his armie. 27. Other freindes bring victuals to the kinges campe.
1And Achitophel said to Absalom: I will choose me twelve thousand men, and I will arise and pursue after David this night.Or Achitophel disse ad Assalonne: Io mi farò scelta di dodici mila uomini, e partirò questa notte in traccia di Davidde.ACHITOPHEL therefore said to Absolom: I wil choose me twelue thousand men, and rysing I wil pursew Dauid this night.Dixit ergo Achitophel ad Absalom: Eligam mihi duodecim millia virorum, et consurgens persequar David hac nocte. 2And coming upon him (for he is now weary, and weak handed) I will defeat him: and when all the people is put to flight that is with him, I will kill the king who will be left alone.E lo assalirò, mentre sarà stanco, e fievole, e lo metterò in iscompiglio: e fuggita che sia tutta la gente, che lo segue, io ucciderò il re abbandonato.And falling vpon him (for as much as he is weary, and of weakened handes) I wil strike him: and when al the people is fled, that is with him, I shal strike the king being desolate.Et irruens super eum (quippe qui lassus est, et solutis manibus), percutiam eum: cumque fugerit omnis populus qui cum eo est, percutiam regem desolatum. 3And I will bring back all the people, as if they were but one man: for thou seekest but one man: and all the people shall be in peace.E ricondurrò tutto quel popolo, come sì farebbe tornare un sol uomo: perocché tu non cerchi se non un uomo: e tutto il popolo sarà in pace.And I shal reduce al the people, as one man is wont to returne: for thou seekest one man: and al the people shal be in peace.Et reducam universum populum, quomodo unus homo reverti solet: unum enim virum tu quæris: et omnis populus erit in pace. 4And his saying pleased Absalom, and all the ancients of Israel.Piacque il suo parlare ad Assalonne, e a tutti i seniori d'Israele.And his saying pleased Absalom, and al the ancientes of Israel.Placuitque sermo ejus Absalom, et cunctis majoribus natu Israël. 5But Absalom said: Call Chusai the Arachite, and let us hear what he also saith.Ma disse Assalonne: Chiamate Chusai di Arachi, e sentiamo quel ch'egli pure dirà.But Absalom sayd: Cal Chusai the Arachite, and let vs heare what he also sayeth.Ait autem Absalom: Vocate Chusai Arachiten, et audiamus quid etiam ipse dicat. 6And when Chusai was come to Absalom, Absalom said to him: Achitophel hath spoken after this manner: shall we do it or not? what counsel dost thou give?Ed essendo venuto Chusai dinanzi ad Assalonne, Assalonne gli disse: Achitophel ha parlato così, e così: dobbiam noi fare in quel modo, o no? qual è il parer tuo?And when Chusai was come to Absalom, Absalom sayd to him: This maner of speache spake Achitophel: shal we doe it or no? What counsel geuest thou?Cumque venisset Chusai ad Absalom, ait Absalom ad eum: Hujuscemodi sermonem locutus est Achitophel: facere debemus an non ? quod das consilium ?
7And Chusai said to Absalom: The counsel that Achitophel hath given this time is not good.Ma Chusai disse ad Assalonne: Questa volta il consiglio di Achitophel non è buono.And Chusai sayd to Absalom: It is not good counsel, that Achitophel hath geuen this time.Et dixit Chusai ad Absalom: Non est bonum consilium quod dedit Achitophel hac vice. 8And again Chusai said: Thou knowest thy father, and the men that are with him, that they are very valiant, and bitter in their mind, as a bear raging in the wood when her whelps are taken away: and thy father is a warrior, and will not lodge with the people.E soggiunse Chusai: Tu sai, come il padre tuo, e quei che lo seguono, sono uomini fortissimi, e irritati in cuor loro, quasi orsa infuriata ne' boschi per esserle stati rapiti i figli, e di più il padre tuo uomo guerriero non istarà fermo colla sua gente.And agayne Chusai inferred: Thou knowest thy father, and the men that are with him, to be verie valiant, and of fel courage, as if a beare in the wood her whelpes being taken away should rage: yea and thy father is a man of warre, neither wil he abyde with the people.Et rursum intulit Chusai: Tu nosti patrem tuum, et viros qui cum eo sunt, esse fortissimos et amaro animo, veluti si ursa raptis catulis in saltu sæviat: sed et pater tuus vir bellator est, nec morabitur cum populo. 9Perhaps he now lieth hid in pits, or in some other place where he list: and when any one shall fall at the first, every one that heareth it shall say: There is a slaughter among the people that followed Absalom.Forse egli adesso sta ascoso in qualche tana, o in altro luogo che avrà eletto: e se alle prime alcuni (de' tuoi) vengono a perire, si saprà tosto, e si dirà: Il popolo che seguiva Assalonne è stato sconfitto.Perhaps he lyeth now hid secretely in caues, or in some one place where he list and when any one shal fal in the beginning, there shal one heare whosoeuer shal heare it, & say: There is made a slaughter in the people that folowed Absalom.Forsitan nunc latitat in foveis, aut in uno, quo voluerit, loco: et cum ceciderit unus quilibet in principio, audiet quicumque audierit, et dicet: Facta est plaga in populo qui sequebatur Absalom. 10And the most valiant man whose heart is as the heart of a lion, shall melt for fear: for all the people of Israel know thy father to be a valiant man, and that all who are with him are valiant.E i più forti, che hanno, quasi un cuore di lione, rimarran senza forze per la paura: perocché tutto il popolo d'Israele sa come è forte il padre tuo, e come son valorosi tutti quelli che lo seguono.And euerie one of the most valiant whose hart is as it were alyons, shal fainte for feare: for al the people of Israel knowe thy father to be a valiant man, and that al be strong which are with him.Et fortissimus quisque, cujus cor est quasi leonis, pavore solvetur: scit enim omnis populus Israël fortem esse patrem tuum, et robustos omnes qui cum eo sunt.
11But this seemeth to me to be good counsel: Let all Israel be gathered to thee, from Dan to Bersabee, as the sand of the sea which cannot be numbered: and thou shalt be in the midst of them.Ma buon consiglio sembrami questo: si raduni teco da Dan fino a Bersabea tutto il popolo d'Israele innumerabile come l'arena del mare: e tu sarai in mezzo a loro.But this semeth vnto me to be good counsel: Let al Israel be gathered to thee, from Dan to Bersabee, as the sand of the sea innumerable: and thou shalt be in the middes of them.Sed hoc mihi videtur rectum esse consilium. Congregetur ad te universus Israël, a Dan usque Bersabee, quasi arena maris innumerabilis: et tu eris in medio eorum. 12And we shall come upon him in what place soever he shall be found: and we shall cover him, as the dew falleth upon the ground, and we shall not leave of the men that are with him, not so much as one.E andrem sopra di lui in qualunque luogo si troverà: e lo copriremo (col numero) come la rugiada ricuopre la terra: e non lasceremo vivo neppure un solo di tutti quelli che sono con lui.And we shal sette vpon them in what place soeuer they shal be found: and we shal couer them, as dew is wont to fal vpon the earth: and we shal not leaue of the men, that are with him, not so much as one.Et irruemus super eum in quocumque loco inventus fuerit, et operiemus eum, sicut cadere solet ros super terram: et non relinquemus de viris qui cum eo sunt, ne unum quidem. 13And if he shall enter into any city, all Israel shall cast ropes round about that city, and we will draw it into the river, so that there shall not be found so much as one small stone thereof.Che se sarà entrato in qualche città, tutto Israele cingerà di funi quella città, e la strascineremo in un torrente, onde non resti di lei nemmeno una pietruzza.And if he shal enter into any citie, al Israel shal cast ropes vpon that citie round about, and we wil drawe it into the torrent, that there be not found therof not so much as a litle stone.Quod si urbem aliquam fuerit ingressus, circumdabit omnis Israël civitati illi funes, et trahemus eam in torrentem, ut non reperiatur ne calculus quidem ex ea. 14And Absalom, and all the men of Israel said: The counsel of Chusai the Arachite is better than the counsel of Achitophel: and by the will of the Lord the profitable counsel of Achitophel was defeated, that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom.E Assalonne, e tutti gli uomini d'Israele dissero: Migliore è il consiglio di Chusai Arachite, che quello di Achitophel. Ora per voler del Signore fu sventato il consiglio utile di Achitophel, perchè il Signore facesse cader la sciagura sopra Assalonne.And Absalom sayd, and al the children of Israel: The counsel of Chusai the Arachite is better then the counsel of Achitophel: and by the wil of our Lord was the profitable counsel of Achitophel defeated, that our Lord might bring in euil vpon Absalom.Dixitque Absalom, et omnes viri Israël: Melius est consilium Chusai Arachitæ, consilio Achitophel: Domini autem nutu dissipatum est consilium Achitophel utile, ut induceret Dominus super Absalom malum.
15And Chusai said to Sadoc and Abiathar the priests: Thus and thus did Achitophel counsel Absalom, and the ancients of Israel: and thus and thus did I counsel them.Ma Chusai disse a Sadoc e ad Abiathar sacerdoti: Così ha consigliato Achitophel ad Assalonne, e a' seniori d'Israele: e io ho consigliato in questo e questo modo.And Chusai sayd to Sadoc and Abiathar the priestes: In this and this maner gaue Achitophel counsel to Absalom, and to the Ancientes of Israel: and I gaue such and such counsel.Et ait Chusai Sadoc et Abiathar sacerdotibus: Hoc et hoc modo consilium dedit Achitophel Absalom et senioribus Israël: et ego tale et tale dedi consilium. 16Now therefore send quickly, and tell David, saying: Tarry not this night in the plains of the wilderness, but without delay pass over: lest the king be swallowed up, and all the people that is with him.Adesso adunque spedite subito a farlo sapere a Davidde, e ditegli: Non fermarti questa notte nella pianura del deserto, passa di là, affinchè non resti oppresso il re, e tutta la gente, che è con lui.Now therfore send quickly, and tel Dauid, saying: Tarie not this night in the champayne of the desert, but without delay passe ouer: lest perhaps the king be swalowed vp, and al the people that is with him.Nunc ergo mittite cito, et nuntiate David, dicentes: Ne moreris nocte hac in campestribus deserti, sed absque dilatione transgredere: ne forte absorbeatur rex, et omnis populus qui cum eo est. 17And Jonathan and Achimaas stayed by the fountain Rogel: and there went a maid and told them: and they went forward, to carry the message to king David, for they might not be seen, nor enter into the city.Or Gionata e Achimaas stavano vicino alla fontana di Rogel: andò una serva, e portò loro l'ambasciata: e quelli partirono per recare l'avviso al re Davidde: perocché essi non dovean essere veduti, nè entrare in città.And Ionathas & Achimaas stood by the Fountayne rogel: there went a maide and told them: and they went forward, to report the message to king Dauid: for they could not beseene, nor enter into the citie.Jonathas autem et Achimaas stabant juxta fontem Rogel: abiit ancilla et nuntiavit eis. Et illi profecti sunt, ut referrent ad regem David nuntium: non enim poterant videri, aut introire civitatem. 18But a certain boy saw them, and told Absalom: but they making haste went into the house of a certain man in Bahurim, who had a well in his court, and they went down into it.Ma videgli un giovinetto, e avvisò Assalonne: or eglino entraron di corsa in casa d'un cert'uomo in Bahurim, il quale avea una cisterna nel suo vestibolo; e in quella (cisterna) furono calati.And a certayne boy saw them, and told Absalom: but they making hast entered into the house of a certayne man in Bahurim, who had a wel in his court, and they went downe into it.Vidit autem eos quidam puer, et indicavit Absalom: illi vero concito gradu ingressi sunt domum cujusdam viri in Bahurim, qui habebat puteum in vestibulo suo: et descenderunt in eum.
19And a woman took, and spread a covering over the mouth of the well, as it were to dry sodden barley and so the thing was not known.E la donna di casa prese una coperta, e la distese sulla bocca della cisterna, come se volesse far seccare dell'orzo pesto: così la cosa restò occulta.And a woman tooke, and spred a couering ouer the mouth of the wel, as it were drying sodde barley: and so the thing was not knowen.Tulit autem mulier, et expandit velamen super os putei, quasi siccans ptisanas: et sic latuit res. 20And when Absalom’s servants were come into the house, they said to the woman: Where is Achimaas and Jonathan? and the woman answered them: They passed on in haste, after they had tasted a little water. But they that sought them, when they found them not, returned into Jerusalem.Ed essendo sopraggiunti i servi di Assalonne in quella casa, dissero alla donna: Dov'è Achimaas, e Gionata? E la donna rispose: Sono passati in fretta, bevuto avendo un po' di acqua. Ma quelli che li cercavano, non avendoli trovati, se ne tornarono a Gerusalemme.And when Absaloms seruantes were come into the house, they sayd to the woman: Where is Achimaas, and Ionathas? And the woman answered them: They passed in hast, hauing tasted a litle water. But they that sought, when they had not sound, returned into Ierusalem.Cumque venissent servi Absalom in domum, ad mulierem dixerunt: Ubi est Achimaas et Jonathas ? Et respondit eis mulier: Transierunt festinanter, gustata paululum aqua. At hi qui quærebant, cum non reperissent, reversi sunt in Jerusalem. 21And when they were gone, they came up out of the well, and going on told king David, and said: Arise, and pass quickly over the river: for this manner of counsel has Achitophel given against you.E quando questi se ne furono andati, uscirono quelli della cisterna, e andarono a portar l'avviso al re Davidde, e dissero: Movetevi e passate subito il fiume: perocché tal è il consiglio dato contro di voi da Achitophel.And when these were gone, they went vp out of the wel, and going on told king Dauid, and sayd: Aryse ye, and passe quickly the riuer: because this maner of counsel hath Achitophel geuen against you.Cumque abiissent, ascenderunt illi de puteo, et pergentes nuntiaverunt regi David, et dixerunt: Surgite, et transite cito fluvium: quoniam hujuscemodi dedit consilium contra vos Achitophel. 22So David arose, and all the people that were with him, and they passed over the Jordan, until it grew light, and not one of them was left that was not gone over the river.Si mosse adunque Davidde, e tutta la gente che era con lui, e passarono il Giordano fino all'apparir del giorno: e neppur uno restò, che non passasse il fiume.Dauid therfore arose, and al the people that was with him, and they passed ouer Iordan, vntil it waxed light, and not one at al was remayning, which did not passe the riuer.Surrexit ergo David, et omnis populus qui cum eo erat, et transierunt Jordanem, donec dilucesceret: et ne unus quidem residuus fuit, qui non transisset fluvium.
23But Achitophel seeing that his counsel was not followed, saddled his ass, and arose and went home to his house and to his city, and putting his house in order, hanged himself, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.Ma Achitophel veggendo, come non era stato eseguito il suo consiglio, sellò il suo asino, e partì, e andò a casa sua nella sua patria, e acconciate le cose di sua casa s'impiccò, e fu sepolto nel sepolcro del padre suo.Moreouer Achitophel seing that his counsel was not executed, sadled his asse, and rose and went into his house and into his citie: and taking order with his house, hanged him self, and was buried in the sepulchre of his father.Porro Achitophel videns quod non fuisset factum consilium suum, stravit asinum suum, surrexitque, et abiit in domum suam et in civitatem suam: et disposita domo sua, suspendio interiit, et sepultus est in sepulchro patris sui. 24But David came to the camp, and Absalom passed over the Jordan, he and all the men of Israel with him.E Davidde giunse agli alloggiamenti, e Assalonne passo il Giordano egli, e tutto Israele con lui.But Dauid came into the Campe, and Absalom passed ouer Iordan, he and al the men of Israel with him.David autem venit in castra, et Absalom transivit Jordanem, ipse et omnes viri Israël cum eo. 25Now Absalom appointed Amasa in Joab’s stead over the army: and Amasa was the son of a man who was called Jethra, of Jezrael, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Naas, the sister of Sarvia who was the mother of Joab.E Assalonne fece capitano dell'esercito Amasa invece di Gioab: or Amasa era figliuolo di un uomo di Jezrahel chiamato Jetra, il quale avea sposata Abigail figliuola di Naas, sorella di Sarvia, la quale fu madre di Gioab.But Absalom appoynted Amasa for Ioab ouer the armie: and Amasa was the sonne of a man, which was called Iethra of Iezrael, who went in to Abigail the daughter of Naas, the sister of Saruia which was the mother of Ioab.Amasam vero constituit Absalom pro Joab super exercitum: Amasa autem erat filius viri qui vocabatur Jetra de Jezraëli, qui ingressus est ad Abigail filiam Naas, sororem Sarviæ, quæ fuit mater Joab. 26And Israel camped with Absalom in the land of Galaad.E Assalonne con Israele posero il campo nella terra di Galaad.And Israel camped with Absalom in the Land of Galaad.Et castrametatus est Israël cum Absalom in terra Galaad. 27And when David was come to the camp, Sobi the son of Naas of Rabbath of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammihel of Lodabar and Berzellai the Galaadite of Rogelim,E arrivato David agli alloggiamenti, Sobi figliuolo di Naas di Rabbath degli Ammoniti, e Machir figliuolo di Ammihel di Lodabar, e Berzellai Galaadite di RogelimAnd when Dauid was come into the Campe, Sobi the sonne of Naas of Rabbath the sonnes of Ammon, and Machir the sonne of Amihel of Lodabar, & Berzellai the Galaadite of Rogelim,Cumque venisset David in castra, Sobi filius Naas de Rabbath filiorum Ammon, et Machir filius Ammihel de Lodabar, et Berzellai Galaadites de Rogelim, 28Brought him beds, and tapestry, and earthen vessels, and wheat, and barley, and meal, and parched corn, and beans, and lentils, and fried pulse,Gli offersero letti, tappeti, e vasi di terra, e grano, e orzo, e farina, e orzo secco, e fave, e lenti, e ceci tostati,presented vnto him hanginges, and tapestrie, and earthen vessels, wheate, and barley, and meale, and polent, and beanes, and rishe, and fryed pease,obtulerunt ei stratoria, et tapetia, et vasa fictilia, frumentum, et hordeum, et farinam, et polentam, et fabam, et lentem, et frixum cicer, 29And honey, and butter, and sheep, and fat calves, and they gave to David and the people that were with him, to eat: for they suspected that the people were faint with hunger and thirst in the wilderness.E miele, e burro, e pecore, e grassi vitelli: e gli diedero a Davidde, e alla gente che era con lui, perchè ne mangiasse: perocché ebber timore che il popolo patisse la fame, e la sete nel deserto.and honie, and butter, sheepe, & fatte calues and they gaue to Dauid and the people, that was with him, to eate: for they suspected that the people with hunger and thyrst was faynte in the desert.et mel, et butyrum, oves, et pingues vitulos: dederuntque David, et populo qui cum eo erat, ad vescendum: suspicati enim sunt populum fame et siti fatigari in deserto.
17:1
Year of the World 2981.
Haydock
This night. Achitophel has a mind to shew that he is not only an able statesman, but a good general. (Haydock)
Tacitus
On such occasions, expedition is of the utmost consequence, that the people may not have time to enter into themselves, or to concentrate about their lawful king. "Nothing is more delightful than haste in civil discord, where action is more requisite than consultation." By delays, "he would give the wicked an opportunity to repent, and the good would unite together. Crimes are confirmed by rushing on; good counsels by deliberation." Scelera impetu; bona consilia mora valescere. (Tacitus, Hist. i.)
17:2
Handed. He has not had time to collect forces.
Haydock
Alone. Hebrew also, "the king also;" so that the people will be saved by flight. (Haydock)
17:3
Menochius
One man. They will return with such unanimity, when their leader is cut off. (Menochius)
Haydock
David was the one man whom his son desired to kill, as the latter was the only one whom David ordered to be spared, 2 Kings 18:5. (Haydock)
Calmet
Hebrew seems rather transposed: "I will bring back all the people to thee, as all the people, whom thou seekest, are returned; and all the people shall be in peace:" or, ... "when all those, whom thou desirest, shall be returned, etc. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "as a bride returns to her husband; only the soul of one thou seekest, and peace shall be to all the people." (Haydock)
17:7
Haydock
This time, though he displays such prudence on all other occasions; or, "at this time" the situation of affairs is such, that it may prove dangerous to push people, who are already desperate, to extremities. Here we behold, how different sentiments may appear equally plausible. (Haydock)
Mind, reduced to despair. The maxim is beautiful, as well as the comparison. See Osee 13:7., Proverbs 17:12., and Lamentations 3:10.
Calmet
People. Hebrew adds, "in the night;" or, "he will not suffer the people to pass the night" in repose. (Calmet)
Haydock
He will not entrust his person to a faithless multitude, but will be surrounded with a chosen band, with whom he may escape, even though the rest should flee. (Haydock)
Menochius
Achitophel had represented David abandoned by his men. (Menochius)
17:9
Calmet
First. Hebrew, "If they attack them at first." (Calmet)
Haydock
Report will easily represent the engagement as unfavourable to Absalom; and this will be readily believed, as all are convinced of David's valour. (Haydock)
Calmet
Nothing ought to be risked in such beginnings. (Calmet)
17:10
Menochius
Man. Hebrew, "the son of valour himself." Achitophel, or any other. (Menochius)
17:11
Of them, their general. Hebrew, "and thy face shall go to battle," Exodus 23:14.
17:12
Dew, which there falleth every night, in summer, like rain, Deuteronomy 33:28. Some of the light armed troops of the Romans were called Rorarii, because they fell upon the enemy, and began the battle.
17:13
Menochius
Ropes, armed with hooks, to pull down the walls, and to move the battering engines. All the discourse of Chusai tends to fill the mind of the young prince with vanity; as if he could overcome all opposition when surrounded with the armies of Israel, (Calmet) at the head of which he would appear, instead of Achitophel, ver. 1. (Menochius)
17:14
Haydock
Profitable, to the cause of Absalom, more than that of Chusai, which was also very plausible. (Haydock)
Calmet
Lord. The Scripture always directs us to fix our thoughts on God, as the arbiter of all human affairs. (Calmet)
Haydock
Hebrew, "for the Lord had ordained to dissipate the good counsel," etc. (Haydock)
"Plerumque qui fortunam mutaturus est consilia corrumpit, efficitque, quod miserrimum est, ut quod accidit, etiam meritò accidisse videatur, et casus in culpam transeat," Peterc. ii.
17:15
Haydock
Thus. He discloses the secrets of the person who had consulted him, (Calmet) as his engagements to David and to his country were prior, and more to be observed, to prevent the effects of civil war. (Haydock)
17:16
Over the Jordan, that it might be some sort of barrier, in case Absalom changed his mind, to follow the advice of Achitophel.
17:17
St. Jerome
Maid, under the pretence of washing linen. (St. Jerome, Trad.)
17:18
It, as it was level with the ground; so that a cloth being spread over it, prevented all suspicion. It had no water.
17:19
Theodotion
Barley, which was afterwards fried with oil, and eaten. Ptisanas may also denote wheat, etc. Grana contusa. (Theodotion)
Calmet
"Figs." (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint have the original (hariphoth) untranslated. (Haydock)
17:20
Calmet
Water. Hebrew, "they have crossed the brook of water." (Calmet)
17:22
Haydock
River. Hebrew, "Jordan." (Haydock)
Calmet
They had travelled twenty leagues in the day and night after their departure from Jerusalem. (Calmet)
17:23
Menochius
Order, making his will. (Menochius)
Calmet
Hanged himself. Some Rabbins pretend that he died of quinsey, or suffocated with grief. But it is almost universally believed that he set a pattern to Judas, the traitor, in this mode of dying, as well as in perfidy. He was aware that Absalom was undone, and vexed that his counsel had been disregarded. The most prudent of this world are often blind to their own welfare. The Jews had not yet begun to refuse the rites of sepulture to suicides. (Calmet)
17:24
Challoner
To the camp. The city of Mahanaim, the name of which in Hebrew, signifies The Camp. It was a city of note at that time; as appears from its having been chosen by Isboseth for the place of his residence. (Challoner)
Haydock
The Vulgate often translates Mahanaim, or Manaim. See 2 Kings 2:8, 12. (Haydock)
Him. It is not known how soon. But he probably waited till he had collected his forces. David had done the like, and was joined by the king of Ammon, ver. 27.
17:25
Du Hamel
Jazrael, or Israel. (Du Hamel)
Haydock
Gortius would read Ismael, as 1 Paralipomenon 2:17, Jether, the Ismaelite. (Haydock)
Menochius
Went in. This expressing makes Sanchez believe that Amasa was illegitimate. (Menochius)
Calmet
Naas is either the name of Isai's wife, or rather the latter had both names, 1 Paralipomenon 2:13, 16. Septuagint read Jesse, in the edition of Complut.; in others, Naas. (Calmet)
Joab; so that these two were own cousins, and both nephews of David.
17:27
Haydock
Camp, ver. 24. (Haydock)
Sobi, whom David had set upon the throne, instead of Hanon, 2 Kings 10.
Machir, who had the care of Miphiboseth, 2 Kings 9:4.
Berzellai. See 2 Kings 19:31.
17:28
Beds, with all the necessary furniture, coverlets, etc. Roman Septuagint, "ten beds, with fur on both sides."
Tapestry. Some would translate, "bottles," (Chaldean) or "cauldrons;" (Roman Septuagint) but other editions agree with the Vulgate.
Vessels. These are necessary, as much as things of greater magnificence. Precious metals were then rarely used in the kitchen.
Calmet
Pulse, (cicer) or "parched peas." Hebrew kali, is thus twice translated, as it had been rendered parched corn. It signifies any thing "parched." The ancients made great use of such food in journeys, as the Ethiopians and Turks do still. (Athen. 2:13.; Busbec. iii.; Bellon. 2:53.) (Calmet)
17:29
Theodotion
Calves. Many translate the Hebrew, "cheese of kine." (Theodotion)
Haydock
"Calves fed with milk." (Haydock)
Calmet
Wilderness, where they had been; unless this be placed out of its natural order. (Calmet)
Haydock
The value of a present depends greatly on the time when it is made. (Haydock)
Seneca
"How much dost thou esteem a hospitable reception in a wilderness?" etc. (Seneca, Ben. 6:15.)
17:24
To the camp.... The city of Mahanaim, the name of which, in Hebrew, signifies The camp. It was a city of note at that time, as appears from its having been chosen by Isboseth for the place of his residence.
17:23
Bad counsail often falleth worst to the counseller.
17:1
St John Chrysostom † AD 407 Homilies on Philippians 5
… Let me then lay before you examples of these qualities from the Scriptures. What is flattery, and meanness, and adulation? Ziba flattered David out of season, and falsely slandered his master. ( 2 Sam. xvi. 1–3 .) Much more did Ahitophel flatter Absalom. (
St Jerome † AD 420 The Letters of St. Jerome 39.4
… (Hence in the story of Dives and Lazarus, Abraham and the beggar, though really in a place of refreshment, are described as being in hell. ) And David, who, after interceding in vain for the life of his infant child, refused to weep for it, knowing that it had not sinned, did well to weep for a son who had been a parricide—in will, if not in deed.
17:14
St Jerome † AD 420 Against the Pelagians 2
xvii. 14 . And is delivered only by God’s confounding the counsel of Ahithophel.
St Augustine of Hippo † AD 430 A Treatise on Grace and Free Will 41
… Did not Absalom choose by his own will the counsel which was detrimental to him? And yet the reason of his doing so was that the Lord had heard his father’s prayer that it might be so. Wherefore the Scripture says that “the Lord appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel, to the intent that the Lord might bring all evils upon Absalom.”
John Cassian † AD 435 The Conferences of John Cassian 17.19
… “But by the will of the Lord the profitable counsel of Ahithophel was defeated that the Lord might bring evil upon Absalom?”
17:20
John Cassian † AD 435 The Conferences of John Cassian 17.19
… What too shall we say of the deed of that woman, who received the men who had been sent to king David by the aforesaid Hushai, and hid them in a well, and spread a cloth over its mouth, and pretended that she was drying pearl-barley, and said “They passed on after tasting a little water”;
17:1
1. I WILL PURSUE AFTER DAVID. This was useful counsel. For if Achitophel, with a picked force of soldiers, had pursued the fleeing David immediately, he would certainly have overwhelmed him, unarmed, abandoned and unprepared: but since, at Chusai's persuasion, a delay was interposed, David summoned his subjects to himself from all sides, armed them, arranged them in battle order, and thus, fighting against the rude people of Absalom, he prostrated him. For speed is of great value in wars. Whence that saying of Julius Caesar: "I came, I saw, I conquered." Thus Chusai here, by injecting delays into Absalom's rebellion, dissipated it. Let princes learn here politically that rebellion and sedition must be prevented by every means and method, and care must be taken that it does not arise; but if it has already arisen and been kindled, delays and hindrances must be injected into it.
17:11
11. LET ALL ISRAEL BE GATHERED UNTO THEE. This was not what Chusai wished, but he used it as a pretext for his opinion, so that a delay might be given to David for fleeing and preparing battle.
17:14
13. AND ALL ISRAEL SHALL COMPASS THAT CITY WITH ROPES. This is a hyperbole signifying the magnitude of forces and army, as if to say: We shall gather such a multitude of people, such great forces, that we shall be able to compass the city with ropes and drag it to ruin. 14. BUT THE LORD HAD APPOINTED TO DEFEAT THE GOOD COUNSEL OF ACHITOPHEL. In what manner God did this, I have said in chapter XIV, verse 31.
17:15
17:17
17:19
19. AS IF DRYING PTISANS. Ptisana is a Greek word, signifying barley or wheat hulled. For ptisana is made from other grains, says Dioscorides in book II. In Columella, ptisana is a kind of pottage made from barley flour, which has the greatest power of restoring strength and nourishing.
17:21
21. ARISE AND PASS QUICKLY OVER THE RIVER, the Jordan. Chusai gives this counsel to David, because although he himself had overturned the counsel of Achitophel, nevertheless he feared lest Absalom might change his mind, and immediately send soldiers after David. AND ABSALOM PASSED OVER THE JORDAN, not immediately, but after some days, as Chusai had advised, during which David prepared forces to resist him; wherefore he drew up three strong battle lines, with which he defeated Absalom, as we shall hear in chapter XVIII, verse 1 and following. Tropologically, let Commanders learn here in dangers and battles to rely upon the aid of their Guardian Angels and Protectors, and to invoke it; for they themselves procure victory, as they here procured it for David.
17:23
23. NOW ACHITOPHEL SEEING THAT HIS COUNSEL WAS NOT FOLLOWED, etc., DIED BY HANGING, lest namely he be captured by David, and as a traitor be hanged; he therefore anticipated and redeemed infamous and violent hanging by spontaneous and voluntary hanging. For he himself, as he was prudent and sagacious, foresaw that David, being warlike, would gather from the delay given to him strong forces and would defeat the rebellious Absalom. Thus Procopius, Theodoret and others. See here how true is this: "Evil counsel is worst for the counselor." Symbolically Achitophel, the traitor of David, was a type of Judas the traitor, who likewise hanged himself with a noose, says Angelomus and Rupert. Furthermore, Elias in Thisbi in Hebrew is rendered, he was suffocated; whence some think he was suffocated by catarrh. But the Septuagint, Josephus, Our [translation] and others consistently render it, and assert that he hanged himself.
17:24
24. AND DAVID CAME INTO THE CAMP. The Hebrew and Septuagint say he came to Mahanaim, that is, to the city which was called Mahanaim, that is, camps, because Jacob, fleeing from his brother Esau, saw there two armies, and as it were two camps of Angels fighting for him against his brother, Genesis XXXII, 1. And therefore David, fleeing from his son Absalom, withdrew to the same city, hoping that God would be with him there, as He had been with his ancestor Jacob.
17:25
25. AND AMASA WAS THE SON OF A MAN, WHO WAS CALLED JETHER (or Jether) OF JEZREEL. I Paralipomenon II, 17, he is called here "Jether the Ishmaelite." I say therefore that Jether was by origin and race an Ishmaelite, but migrated to Judea, namely to Jezreel, and there became a proselyte and was circumcised. This is evident from the Vulgate version, which calls him here Jether of Jezreel. Therefore his house was in Jezreel or Jezraeli. WHO (Jether or Jether) WENT IN (as a husband or concubine) TO ABIGAIL THE DAUGHTER OF NAAS (and by her begot Amasa) SISTER OF SARVIA, WHO WAS THE MOTHER OF JOAB. Sarvia and Abigail were sisters of David; Sarvia was the mother of Joab, Abigail the mother of Amasa: wherefore David was uncle to both Joab and Amasa: they themselves were cousins to each other, as is evident from I Paralipomenon II, 13. And for this reason their mothers are named here, not their fathers, to signify that through their mothers they were grandsons of David. Abigail therefore is called here the daughter of Naas, that is, Jesse or Isai, who was the father of David: for he was called by another name Naas, the symbolic reason for which name the Hebrews give according to St. Jerome in the Tradition: this Jesse, they say, was called Naas, in Hebrew nachas, that is, serpent, because he is said to have committed no mortal sin except that which he originally contracted from the ancient serpent. Such therefore he merited to be the father of David the king, and thence of Christ. This Jezreel therefore is different from Jezreel, the royal city and metropolis of the ten tribes, which was the boundary of the tribe of Manasseh and Issachar, situated at the foot of Mount Gilboa to the West, in which Jezabel the wife of Ahab caused Naboth to be stoned, that she might seize his vineyard, and therefore she herself was killed there by Jehu and cast to the dogs to be devoured, IV Kings IV, 8, 9 and seq.
17:27
27. AND WHEN DAVID HAD COME INTO THE CAMP (the Hebrews and Septuagint say, to Mahanaim) SOBI THE SON OF NAAS OF RABBATH OF THE CHILDREN OF AMMON. Hear St. Jerome in the Tradition: "This Sobi was the son of Naas the king, with whom Saul fought. This same Naas also showed mercy to David, when he fled from the face of Saul; when he died David said: I will show mercy to Hanon as his father Naas showed mercy to me. But when Hanon, who had done him injury in shaving his servants, was slain by David, this Sobi was appointed by the same David in the place of his brother, who is read to have come to David with the others, and offered to him beds, and tapestries, and earthen vessels, and other things which are mentioned."
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
17:1
the appropriate measures, saving his life and his kingdom (2 Sam. 17:1-14). Probably C. is to be identified with the father of Baana, one of Solomon's prefects (1 Kings 4:16).
17:5
CHUSAI (Heb. Ḥúšaj). - Archite (2 Sam. 14:32; 17:5, 14), friend and intimate counselor of David (2 Sam. 15:37; 16:16), whose full trust he enjoyed and whom he served with complete devotion. …
17:11
The formula "from D. to Beersheba" indicates the extreme limits of Palestine (Judg. 20:1; I Sam. 3:20; II Sam. 3:10; 17:11; 24:2, 15; I Kings 4:25; I Chron. 21:2; II Chron. 12:35; 27:37). The tribe is omitted in the genealogies of I Chron. 2-12; it seems that it became extinct after the emigration …
17:15
Abiathar (Hebrew *'Ebhithār* 'father of abundance')
… When David, during Absalom's insurrection, had to abandon the capital, A. remained there with Zadok and supplied the king with valuable information (II Sam. 15:24-29, 35-37; 17:15). In the last years of David's life he supported Adonijah in his attempt to usurp the throne (I Kings 1:7, 19); but Solomon, having succeeded David, was generous with the traitor …
… David, however, did not want them to follow him into exile; he left them in Jerusalem to guard the Ark, so that they would keep him informed of events (2 Sam. 15:24-29; 17:15 ff.). …
17:17
Ahimaaz (Hebrew, prob. «Brother of the Empire»)
… Discovered and pursued, they managed to hide in a cistern at Bahurim; they then reached David, to whom they reported the treacherous counsel of the traitor Ahithophel (v.), and their parents' warning to cross the Jordan immediately (II Sam. 15:27-36; 17:17-20). A fighter among David's troops, A., exceedingly swift, brought the king news of the victory over the rebels, but left to the Cushite messenger, whom he had outrun in the race, the …
17:18
… There Michal, journeying from Gallim to Hebron, parted from Phaltiel (II Sam. 3:16; Septuagint Βαρχικη); there Shimei cursed the fleeing King David, throwing stones at him from the heights (ibid. 16:5; Septuagint Βαυρικη); there Jonathan and Ahimaaz hid in a cistern (ibid. 17:18; Septuagint Βαυρικη). …
17:22
Jordan (Heb. Yardēn; Arabic al-Urdunn)
… In the Bible it is remembered above all as a frontier (Num. 34:12; Ezek. 47:18), both of enemies who had forded it (II Kings 7:15; Judg. 12:5) and of Israelites who took refuge on the other bank (I Sam. 13:7; II Sam. 2:20; 17:22).
17:24
Mahanaim (Hebrew "Two Armies" or "Two Camps")
… reaching the river Jabbok (= Wādi ez-Zerqā), he encountered hosts of angels (Gen. 32:2). It was on the border between the tribes of Gad and Manasseh (Josh. 13:26, 30). David withdrew there during the rebellion of Absalom, who died not far from M. (II Sam. 17:24, 29; 19:32; I Kings 2:8).
17:25
… While in I Chron. 2, 13-17 she is called a daughter of Jesse, in II Sam. 17, 25 she appears as a daughter of Nahash. …
Amasa (Heb. ʿĀmāšāʾ «Bundle»; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa)
AMASA (Heb. ʿĀmāšāʾ «Bundle»; Septuagint: ʿAṭṭāṣa). - Military leader, son of Abigail, sister of David, and of Jether (or Jetra) the Ishmaelite (I Chron. 2:17) or the Jezreelite (II Sam. 17:25). He sided with the rebel Ab-
Naas (Hebrew: Nāḥāš «Serpent»)
3. Father of Abigail and of Zeruiah, mother of Joab (ibid. 17:25). He is ordinarily identified with Jesse, father of David; cf. I Chron. 2:16.
17:27
… He hosted David as a fugitive because of Absalom's rebellion (II Sam. 17:27). Later invited by the grateful king to settle with him in Jerusalem, he politely refused on account of his advanced age: 80 years (ibid. 19:31-39). His descendants shared the fortunes …
Naas (Hebrew: Nāḥāš «Serpent»)
2. Another Ammonite, father of Shobi of Rabbath, who brought provisions to David in flight, at Mahanaim (II Sam. 17:27). He could be identified with the preceding one.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.