Expositions on the Book of Psalms 38
38.0 Psalm XXXVIII PL 36, 412
38.1 Psalm XXXVIII PL 36, 412
1. What doth this recollection of the Sabbath mean? What is this Sabbath? For it is with groaning that he “calls it to recollection.” You have both heard already when the Psalm was read, and you will now hear it when we shall go over it, how great is his groaning, his mourning, his tears, his misery. But happy he who is wretched after this manner! Whence the Lord also in the Gospel called some who mourn blessed. “How should he be blessed if he is a mourner? How blessed, if he is miserable?” Nay rather, he would be miserable, if he were not a mourner. Such an one then let us understand here too, calling the Sabbath to remembrance (viz.), some mourner or other: and would that we were ourselves that “some one or other”! For there is here some person sorrowing, groaning, mourning, calling the Sabbath to remembrance. The Sabbath is rest. Doubtless he was in some disquietude, who with groaning was calling the Sabbath to remembrance.…
[vers. 1.] Psalmi hujus, quem modo cantavimus, et tractandum suscepimus, titulus est: in finem pro Idithun, Canticum ipsi David. Cujusdam ergo, qui vocatur Idithun, voces exspectandae et audiendae sunt: et si esse unusquisque nostrum potuerit Idithun, in eo quod cantat invenit se, et audit se. Videris enim quis vocatus fuerit Idithun secundum hominum priscam nativitatem: nos autem audiamus quid interpretetur hoc nomen, et in ipsa interpretatione nominis quaeramus intelligentiam veritatis. Sicut ergo inquirentes reperire potuimus in eis nominibus, quae nobis a studiosis litterarum divinarum ex hebraeo eloquio in latinum interpretata sunt, Idithun interpretatur, Transiliens eos. Quis est ergo iste transiliens? vel quos transilivit? quia, Transiliens, non nude positum est; sed, Transiliens eos. Transiliendo enim cantat, an cantando transilit? Sive transiliendo cantet, sive cantando transiliat, transilientis tamen Canticum paulo ante cantavimus: utrum et nos simus transilientes, viderit Deus cui cantavimus. Sed si quis transiliens cantavit, gaudeat se esse quod cantavit: si quis autem terrae adhuc inhaerens cantavit, optet esse quod cantavit. Quosdam enim inhaerentes humo curvatos in terram, ea quae ima sunt cogitantes, in rebus transeuntibus spem ponentes, transilivit iste qui vocatur Transiliens eos. Quos enim transilivit, nisi remanentes?
38.2 PL 36, 413
2. “O Lord, rebuke me not in Thine indignation; neither chasten me in Thy hot displeasure” (ver. 1). For it will be that some shall be chastened in God’s “hot displeasure,” and rebuked in His “indignation.” And haply not all who are “rebuked” will be “chastened;” yet are there some that are to be saved in the chastening. So it is to be indeed, because it is called “chastening,” but yet it shall be “so as by fire.” But there are to be some who will be “rebuked,” and will not be “corrected.” For he will at all events “rebuke” those to whom He will say, “I was an hungred, and ye gave me no meat.”… “Neither chasten me in Thy hot displeasure;” so that Thou mayest cleanse me in this life, and make me such, that I may after that stand in no need of the cleansing fire, for those “who are to be saved, yet so as by fire.” Why? Why, but because they “build upon the foundation, wood, stubble, and hay.” Now they should build on it, “gold, silver, and precious stones;” and should have nothing to fear from either fire: not only that which is to consume the ungodly for ever, but also that which is to purge those who are to escape through the fire. For it is said, “he himself shall be saved, yet so as by fire.” And because it is said, “he shall be saved,” that fire is thought lightly of. For all that, though we should be “saved by fire,” yet will that fire be more grievous than anything that man can suffer in this life whatsoever.…
Nostis quosdam psalmos inscribi Canticum graduum: et ibi quidem in graeca lingua satis evidens est, quid dicat ἀναβαθμῶν. Anabathmi enim gradus sunt, sed ascendentium, non descendentium. Latinus quia non potuit proprie dicere, generaliter dixit: et quoniam gradus appellavit, ambiguum reliquit utrum ascendentium essent, an descendentium. Sed quia non sunt loquelae neque sermones, quorum non audiantur voces eorum , exponit sequentem lingua praecedens; et fit certum in alia, quod ambiguum erat in alia. Quomodo ergo ibi ascendens quidam cantat, sic et hic transiliens. Est autem haec ascensio et ista transilitio, non pedibus, non scalis, non pennis; et tamen si interiorem hominem attendas, et pedibus, et scalis, et pennis. Nam si non pedibus, quomodo dicit homo interior, Non veniat mihi pes superbiae ? Si non scalis, quid sunt quas vidit Jacob, ubi erant ascendentes Angeli et descendentes ? Si non pennis, quis est qui dicit, Quis dabit mihi pennas sicut columbae, et volabo, et requiescam . Sed in rebus corporalibus aliud sunt pedes, aliud scalae, aliud pennae. Intus autem et pedes, et scalae, et pennae affectus sunt bonae voluntatis. His ambulemus, his ascendamus, his volemus. Cum ergo audit quisque transilientem hunc, et imitari eligit, non quaerat levitate corporis transilire fossas, aut aliqua altiuscula praevolare saliendo: sed quod ad corpora attinet dico: nam fossas etiam transilit. Succensa igni et effosa, quae ab increpatione vultus tui peribunt . Quae sunt enim succensa igni et effossa, quae ab increpatione Domini peribunt, nisi peccata? Succensa igni sunt, quae facit male ardens cupiditas: et effossa sunt, quae facit male jacens timiditas. Hinc enim peccata omnia, aut cupiendo, aut timendo. Transiliat ergo iste omnia quibus teneri posset in terra: erigat scalas suas, exserat pennas suas, videat utrum quisquam agnoscat hic se: imo vero in Domini gratia multi se agnoscunt, qui forte jam vilem habentes mundum, et omnia quae delectant in mundo, eligunt recte vivere, dum hic vivunt in gaudiis quibusdam spiritualibus. Et haec unde erunt adhuc ambulantibus super terram, nisi ex divinis eloquiis, ex verbo Dei, ex parabola aliqua Scripturarum scrutata et investigata, ex dulcedine inventionis, quam praecessit labor inquisitionis? Sunt quaedam deliciae sanctae et bonae in libris. Neque enim sunt in auro et argento, in epulis atque luxuria, in venatibus et piscatibus, in ludo et joco, in theatricis nugis, in affectandis et apprehendendis ruinosis honoribus; neque enim vera sunt gaudia in his omnibus, et in his libris nulla sunt: imo vero anima illa ima transiliens, et in his delectata dicat, quia verum dicit et secura dicit, Narraverunt mihi injusti delectationes, sed non sicut lex tua Domine . Veniat adhuc iste Idithun, transiliat eos qui delectantur imis; et delectetur in his, et gaudeat in verbo Domini, in delectatione legis Altissimi. Sed quid dicimus? Et hinc transiliendum est in aliud? An huc usque habet quo transiliat qui transilire desiderat? Voces potius ejus audiamus. Jam enim iste transiliens videtur mihi quod habitabat in eloquiis Dei, et ibi didicit haec, quae audituri sumus.
38.3 PL 36, 414
3. Now on what ground does this person pray that he may not be “rebuked in indignation, nor chastened in hot displeasure”? (He speaks) as if he would say unto God, “Since the things which I already suffer are many in number, I pray Thee let them suffice;” and he begins to enumerate them, by way of satisfying God; offering what he suffers now, that he may not have to suffer worse evils hereafter.
[vers. 2.] Dixi, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Credas quod legendo, disserendo, praedicando, monendo, objurgando, hortando, cum versaretur in opere, cum exerceretur in difficultatibus quibusdam humanis, homo agens inter homines, quamvis jam transiliens eos qui non delectantur his (quia difficile est ut quisque lingua non labatur et peccet, et qui lingua non peccavit, ut scriptum est, hic perfectus est vir [Jacobi III, 2] ), aliqua forte poenitenda dixerat, et lapsa erant ab ore quae vellet revocare, nec posset. Non enim lingua frustra in udo est, nisi quia facile labitur. Videns ergo quam esset difficile, ut necessitatem loquendi haberet homo, et in loquendo non aliquid diceret, quod se dixisse nollet; et taedio affectus ex his peccatis, quaesivit evitare talia. Patitur hanc difficultatem transiliens. Non me judicet, qui nondum est transiliens: transiliat, et experiatur quod loquor; tunc enim erit et testis et filius veritatis. Cum ergo haec ei contigissent, statuerat non loqui, ne aliquid diceret quod locutum se esse poeniteret. Hoc indicant prima verba ejus, Dixi, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Custodi ergo vias tuas, o Idithun, et noli delinquere in lingua tua: perpende quod dicturus es, examina, consule interiorem veritatem, et sic profer ad exteriorem auditorem. Quaeris ista plerumque in perturbatione rerum, in occupatione animorum, dum ipsa infirmitas animae, quam aggravat corpus quod corrumpitur, et audire vult et dicere, audire intus, dicere foris, aliquando perturbata studio dicendi, deficit indiligentia agnoscendi: et in his dicit aliquid quod forte non esset dicendum. Contra haec remedium melius est silentium. Stat enim peccator, propria quadam nota peccator, superbus quisquam et invidus; audit loquentem transilientem, captat verba, proponit laqueos; difficile est ut non inveniat aliquid non ita dictum, ut dici debuisset: nec audiendo ignoscit, sed calumniatur invidendo. Contra hos iste Idithun transiliens eos silere delegerat; unde ita cantavit: Dixi, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Quamdiu capior a calumniosis, aut captor, et si non capior, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Quamvis transilierim delectationes terrenas, quamvis non me capiant temporalium rerum volatici affectus, quamvis jam haec ima despiciam, et ad meliora consurgam; in ipsis tamen melioribus sufficit mihi delectatio intelligentiae coram Deo: quid mihi opus est captanda loqui, et dare aditum calumniantibus? Dixi ergo, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea. Posui ori meo custodiam. Hoc quare? Propter pios, propter studiosos, propter fideles et sanctos? Absit. Illi sic audiunt, ut quod probant laudent: quod autem improbant inter multa forte quae laudant, veniam dent potius quam calumniam parent. Propter quos ergo vis custodire vias tuas, ut non delinquas in lingua tua, et ponis ori tuo custodiam? Audi: Dum consistit adversum me peccator. Non consistit ad me, sed consistit adversum me. Quid dicturus postremo, unde satisfaciam? Carnali de spiritualibus loquor, foris videnti et audienti, intus surdo et caeco. Animalis enim homo non percipit quae sunt Spiritus Dei . Nisi autem animalis inveniretur, quando calumniaretur? Beatus qui narrat verbum auri audienti , non auri peccatoris astantis adversum se. Tales enim multi circumstabant et circumfremebant, quando ille velut ovis ad immolandum ductus est, et sicut agnus coram tondente sine voce, sic non aperuit os suum . Quid enim dicas turgidis, turbidis, calumniosis, litigiosis, verbosis? Quid dicas sanctum et pium, et de religione transiliens eos: quando ipsis libenter audientibus, discere cupientibus, veritatis cibo inhiantibus, avide accipientibus, et Dominus ait: Adhuc multa habeo vobis dicere, sed non potestis illa portare modo ? Et Apostolus, Non potui vobis loqui quasi spiritualibus, sed quasi carnalibus: non tamen desperandis, sed nutriendis. Sequitur enim, Tanquam parvulis in Christo lac vobis potum dedi, non escam; nondum enim poteratis. Ergo vel nunc dic, Sed neque adhuc quidem potestis . Noli ergo festinare audire quod non capis, sed cresce ut capias. Sic parvulum alloquimur, in sinu matris Ecclesiae pio lacte nutriendum, et ad escam mensae dominicae idoneum faciendum. Quid autem vel tale dicam peccatori astanti adversus me, idoneum se putanti aut fingenti, ad ea quae non capit; ut cum ei dixero, et ille non ceperit, non se putet non cepisse, sed me defecisse? Ergo propter hunc peccatorem astantem adversus me, posui ori meo custodiam.
38.4 PL 36, 415
4. “For Thine arrows stick fast in me, and Thy hand presseth me sore” (ver. 2). “There is no soundness in my flesh, from the face of Thine anger” (ver. 3). He has now begun telling these evils, which he is suffering here: and yet even this already was from the wrath of the Lord, because it was of the vengeance of the Lord. “Of what vengeance?” That which He took upon Adam. For think not that punishment was not inflicted upon him, or that God had said to no purpose, “Thou shalt surely die;” or that we suffer anything in this life, except from that death which we earned by the original sin.…Whence then do His “arrows stick fast in” him? The very punishment, the very vengeance, and haply the pains both of mind and of body, which it is necessary for us to suffer here, these he describes by these self-same “arrows.” For of these arrows holy Job also made mention, and said that the arrows of the Lord stuck fast in him, whilst he was labouring under those pains. We are used, however, to call God’s words also arrows; but could he grieve that he should be struck by these? The words of God are arrows, as it were, that inflame love, not pain.…We may then understand the “arrows sticking fast,” thus: Thy words are fixed fast in my heart; and by those words themselves is it come to pass, that I “called the Sabbath to remembrance:” and that very remembrance of the Sabbath, and the non-possession of it at present, prevents me from rejoicing at present; and causes me to acknowledge that there “is neither health in my very flesh,” neither ought it to be so called when I compare this sort of soundness to that soundness which I am to possess in the everlasting rest; where “this corruptible shall put on incorruption, and this mortal shall put on immortality,” and see that in comparison with that soundness this present kind is but sickness.
[vers. 3.] Et quid secutum est? Obsurdui, et humiliatus sum, et silui a bonis. Patitur enim difficultatem iste transiliens in quodam gradu, quo jam transilivit; et quaerit et inde transilire, ad vitandam hanc difficultatem. Peccare metuebam, ut non loquerer, ut silentium mihi imponerem; hoc enim dixeram, Custodiam vias meas, ut non delinquam in lingua mea: et dum timeo loqui ne peccem, Obsurdui et humiliatus sum, et silui a bonis. Dum nimis timeo, ne loquar aliqua mala, tacui omnia bona: Obsurdui, et humiliatus sum, et silui a bonis. Unde enim dicebam bona, nisi quia audiebam? Auditui enim meo dabis exsultationem et laetitiam . Et amicus sponsi stat, et audit eum, et gaudio gaudet propter vocem, non suam, sed sponsi . Ut vera dicat, audit quae dicat. Nam qui loquitur mendacium, de suo loquitur . Quiddam ergo triste et molestum passus est iste; et hac sua confessione id quod passus est, cavendum admonet, non imitandum. Timendo enim nimis, ut dixi, ne diceret aliqua non bona, statuit sibi nulla dicere vel bona: et quoniam statuit tacere, coepit non audire. Stas enim si transiliens es, exspectas a Deo audire quid dicas hominibus: inter divitem Deum, et inopem quaerentem quid audiat, intercurris transiliens, qui possis et hinc audire, et hac dicere: si eligis hac non dicere, non mereberis hinc audire: contemnis pauperem, contemneris a divite. Oblitus es servum te esse, quem constituit Dominus super familiam suam dare conservis cibaria ? Quid ergo quaeris accipere, quod piger es erogare? Merito ergo quoniam quod acceperas dicere noluisti, impediris ne accipias quod accipere cupiebas. Aliquid enim volebas, aliquid habebas: da quod habes, ut merearis accipere quod non habes. Ergo cum quasi posuissem ori meo custodiam, mihique indixissem silentium, quia videbam ubique periculosum eloquium; factum est, inquit, in me quod nolebam; Obsurdui, et humiliatus sum: non me humiliavi; sed, humiliatus sum. Obsurdui, et humiliatus sum, et silui a bonis. Coepi non dicere bona, cum timeo ne dicam aliqua mala: et reprehendi consilium meum. Silui enim a bonis. Et dolor meus renovatus est. A dolore quippe quodam, quem mihi inflixerant calumniatores et reprehensores, tanquam requieveram in silentio, et cessaverat dolor ille qui factus erat a calumniantibus: sed ubi silui a bonis, renovatus est dolor meus. Coepi plus dolere tacuisse me quae dicere deberem, quam dolueram dixisse quae dicere non deberem. Renovatus est dolor meus.
38.5 PL 36, 416
5. “Neither is there any rest in my bones, from the face of my sin.” It is commonly enquired, of what person this is the speech; and some understand it to be Christ’s, on account of some things which are here said of the Passion of Christ; to which we shall shortly come; and which we ourselves shall acknowledge to be spoken of His Passion. But how could He who had no sin, say, “There is no rest in my bones, from the face of my sin.”…For if we were to say that they are not the words of Christ, those words, “My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?” will also not be the words of Christ. For there too you have, “My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?” “The words of mine offences are far from my health.” Just as here you have, “from the face of my sins,” so there also you have, “the words of my offences.” And if Christ is, for all that, without “sin,” and without “offences,” we begin to think those words in the Psalm also not to be His. And it is exceedingly harsh and inconsistent that that Psalm should not relate to Christ, where we have His Passion as clearly laid open as if it were being read to us out of the Gospel. For there we have, “They parted My garments among them, and cast lots upon My vesture.” Why should I mention that the first verse of that Psalm was pronounced by the Lord Himself while hanging on the Cross, with His own mouth, saying, “My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?” What did He mean to be inferred from it, but that the whole of that Psalm relates to Him, seeing He Himself, the Head of His Body, pronounced it in His own Person? Now when it goes on to say, “the words of mine offences,” it is beyond a doubt that they are the words of Christ. Whence then come “the sins,” but from the Body, which is the Church? Because both the Head and the Body of Christ are speaking. Why do they speak as if one person only? Because “they twain,” as He hath said, “shall be one flesh.” “This” (says the Apostle) “is a great mystery; but I speak concerning Christ and the Church.”…For why should He not say, “my sins,” who said, “I was an hungred, and ye gave Me no meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave Me no drink; I was a stranger, and ye took Me not in. I was sick and in prison, and ye visited Me not.” Assuredly the Lord was not in prison. Why should He not say this, to whom when it was said, “When saw we Thee a hungred, and athirst, or in prison; and did not minister unto Thee?” He replied, that He spake thus in the person of His Body. “Inasmuch as ye did it not unto one of the least of Mine, ye did it not unto Me.” Why should He not say, “from the face of my sins,” who said to Saul, “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me,” who, however, being in Heaven, now suffered from no persecutors? But just as, in that passage, the Head spake for the Body, so here too the Head speaks the words of the Body; whilst you hear at the same time the accents of the Head Itself also. Yet do not either, when you hear the voice of the Body, separate the Head from it; nor the Body, when you hear the voice of the Head: because “they are no more twain, but one flesh.”
[vers. 4, 5.] Et in meditatione mea exardescet ignis. Coepit esse inquietum cor meum. Videbam insensatos, et tabescebam , non arguebam: et me sic tacentem zelus domus tuae comedebat . Respexi enim ad Dominum meum dicentem: Serve nequam et piger, dares pecuniam meam nummulariis, et ego veniens cum usuris exigerem. Et quod sequitur, avertat Deus a dispensatoribus suis: Projiciatur in tenebras exteriores ligatis manibus et pedibus, servus, non eversor ad perdendum, sed piger ad erogandum . Quid exspectare debent, qui cum luxuria consumpserunt, si damnantur qui cum pigritia servaverunt? In meditatione mea exardescet ignis. Et positus in hac fluctuatione dicendi et tacendi, inter eos qui calumniari parati sunt, et eos qui affectant instrui, inter abundantes et inopes, factus opprobrium his qui abundabant, et despectio superbis , respiciens eos beatos qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam ; laborans in utroque, afflictus in utroque; periclitans ne projiciat margaritas ante porcos, periclitans ne non eroget cibaria conservis: in hoc aestu quaesivit alium meliorem locum ab hac dispensatione, in qua sic laborat homo et periclitatur; et suspirans in finem quemdam, ubi ista non erat passurus, in illum, inquam, finem quo dicturus est bono erogatori Dominus, Intra in gaudium Domini tui : Locutus sum, inquit, in lingua mea. Inter aestus, inter pericula haec, inter difficultates, quia ita delectat lex Domini, ut tamen propter abundantiam scandalorum refrigescat charitas multorum : inter hos ergo aestus, Locutus sum, inquit, in lingua mea. Cui? Non auditori quem volo erudire, sed exauditori a quo volo erudiri. Locutus sum in lingua mea, illi a quo intus audio, si quod bonum, si quod verum audio. Quid locutus es? Notum, inquit, mihi fac, Domine, finem meum. Transilivi enim quaedam, et veni ad quaedam; et ea in quae veni, meliora sunt eis a quibus transilivi: sed restat adhuc quod transiliendum sit. Non enim hic remanebimus, ubi tentationes, ubi scandala, ubi auditores et calumniatores patimur. Finem meum notum mihi fac: finem qui mihi deest, non cursum qui mihi adest.
38.6 PL 36, 417
6. “There is no soundness in my flesh from the face of thine anger.” But perhaps God is unjustly angry with thee, O Adam; unjustly angry with thee, O son of man; because now brought to acknowledge that thy punishment, now that thou art a man that hath been placed in Christ’s Body, thou hast said, “There is no soundness in my flesh from the face of Thine anger.” Declare the justice of God’s anger: lest thou shouldest seem to be excusing thyself, and accusing Him. Go on to tell whence the “anger” of the Lord proceeds. “There is no soundness in my flesh from the face of Thine anger; neither is there any rest in my bones.” He repeats what he said before, “There is no soundness in my flesh;” for, “There is no rest in my bones,” is equivalent to this. He does not however repeat “from the face of Thine anger;” but states the cause of the anger of God. “There is no rest in my bones from the face of my sins.”
Finem illum dicit, quem currens intuebatur Apostolus, et de sua imperfectione confitebatur, aliud in se intuens, aliud alibi quaerens. Ait enim, Non quia jam acceperim, aut jam perfectus sim, fratres, ego meipsum non arbitror apprehendisse. Et ne diceres, Si non apprehendit Apostolus, ego apprehendi? si perfectus non est Apostolus, ego perfectus sum? vide quid agat, attende quid dicat. Quid ergo agis, Apostole? Nondum apprehendisti, nondum perfectus es? Quid agis? ad quam actionem me hortaris? quid mihi imitandum sequendumque proponis? Unum autem, inquit, quae retro sunt oblitus, in ea quae ante sunt extentus, secundum intentionem sequor ad palmam supernae vocationis Dei in Christo Jesu : secundum intentionem, nondum secundum perventionem, nondum secundum apprehensionem. Non relabamur unde jam transilivimus, nec remaneamus in illis in quae jam venimus. Curramus, intendamus, in via sumus: nec tam sis securus ex eis quae transisti, quam sollicitus pro eis ad quae nondum pervenisti. Quae retro, inquit, oblitus, in ea quae ante sunt extentus, secundum intentionem sequor ad palmam supernae vocationis Dei in Christo Jesu. Ipse est enim finis. Unum autem, hoc est illud unum: Domine ostende nobis Patrem, et sufficit nobis . Unum autem, quae et una dicitur in alio psalmo: Unam petii a Domino, hanc requiram. Quae retro oblitus, in ea quae ante sunt extentus, Unam petii a Domino, hanc requiram, ut inhabitem in domo Domini per omnes dies vitae meae. Propter quid? Ut contempler delectationem Domini . Ibi enim gaudebo de socio, non timebo de adversario: ibi enim contemplator mecum erit amicus, non calumniator inimicus. Hoc desideravit iste Idithun, notum fieri sibi cum hic esset, ut sciret quid sibi deesset; et non tam gauderet de his ad quae pervenerat, quam desideraret ea ad quae nondum pervenerat; et quibusdam jam transilitis, non remaneret in via, sed desiderio raperetur in superna; usque quo ille qui quaedam transilierat, omnia transiliret, et ab irroratione quadam guttarum dominicarum de Scripturarum nube venientium, veniret sicut cervus ad fontem vitae , et in illo lumine videret lumen , et absconderetur in vultu Dei a conturbatione hominum : ubi diceret, Bene est, ultra nihil volo, omnes hic amo, neminem hic timeo. Bonum desiderium, sanctum desiderium. Qui jam hoc habetis, congaudete nobis; et orate ut perseveranter habeamus, ne inter scandala deficiamus. Nam et nos pro vobis hoc idem rogamus. Non enim et nos digni qui pro vobis oremus, et vos indigni qui pro nobis oretis. Auditoribus suis quibus praedicabat verbum Dei, se commendabat Apostolus . Orate ergo pro nobis, fratres, ut et quod videndum est bene videamus, et quod dicendum est bene dicamus. Caeterum hoc desiderium, novi, in paucis est: nec me optime intelligunt, nisi qui gustaverint unde loquor. Loquimur tamen omnibus, et habentibus tale desiderium, et nondum habentibus: habentibus, ut nobiscum in illa suspirent; non habentibus, ut pigritiam excutiant, ima transiliant, ad dulcedinem legis dominicae veniant, non in delectationibus iniquorum remaneant. Narrant enim multa multi, et laudant multa multi, iniqua iniqui. Et revera et illa iniqua habent delectationem, sed non sicut lex tua, Domine . Dicant ergo nobiscum qui credunt haec dicere et nos. Negotium enim hoc intus est, nullis verbis ostendi potest. Sed qui hoc agit, credat esse et in alio: non solum se putet accepisse quod Dei est. Dicat ergo in his Idithun, Notum fac mihi, Domine, finem meum.
38.7 PL 36, 418
7. “For mine iniquities have lifted up my head; and are like a heavy burden too heavy for me to bear” (ver. 4). Here too he has placed the cause first, and the effect afterwards. What consequence followed, and from what cause, he has told us. “Mine iniquities have lift up mine head.” For no one is proud but the unrighteous man, whose head is lifted up. He is “lifted up,” whose “head is lifted up on high” against God. You heard when the lesson of the Book of Ecclesiasticus was read: “The beginning of pride is when a man departeth from God.” He who was the first to refuse to listen to the Commandment, “his head iniquity lifted up” against God. And because his iniquities have lifted up his head, what hath God done unto him? They are “like a heavy burden, too heavy for me to bear”! It is the part of levity to lift up the head, just as if he who lifts up his head had nothing to carry. Since therefore that which admits of being lifted up is light, it receives a weight by which it may be weighed down. For “his mischief returns upon his own head, and his violent dealing comes down upon his own pate.” “They are like a heavy burden, too heavy for me to bear.”
Et numerum dierum meorum qui est. Numerum dierum quaero qui est. Sic possum dicere, sic possum intelligere numerum sine numero, quomodo possunt dici anni sine annis. Ubi enim anni, utique quasi numerus; sed tamen, Tu idem ipse es, et anni tui non deficient . Numerum dierum meorum mihi notum fac, sed qui est. Quid ergo? Iste numerus in quo tu es, non est? Plane, si attendam bene, non est: si haeream, quasi est; si transiliam, non est: si ab istis me excutiens superna contempler, si transeuntia manentibus comparem, video quid verum sit: quid autem magis videatur esse, quam sit? Dicturusne sum esse istos dies meos? Hos, inquam, dies esse dicturus sum; et tam magnum hoc verbum, huic cursui rerum labentium temere dabo? Ita ergo ipse deficiens pene non sum, ut exciderit mihi qui dixit, Ego sum qui sum . Est ergo aliquis numerus dierum? Vere est, et sine fine est. In his autem diebus dicam aliquid esse, si teneo de quo die me interrogas utrum sit: ut vel interroges me, tene unde me interrogas. Tenes diem istum? Si tenuisti hesternum, tenes et hodiernum. Sed hesternum, inquis, non teneo, quia jam non est: istum autem teneo in quo sum, et qui mecum est. Itane de isto excidit tibi jam quantum a prima luce transierit? Nonne iste dies a prima hora coepit? Da mihi primam horam ejus? da mihi et secundam ejus; quia forte et ipsa transvolavit. Tertiam, inquis, dabo tibi: forte enim in ipsa nunc sumus. Certe ergo sunt isti dies, et est tertia dies: et si tertiam dabis, non diem, sed horam dabis. Verumtamen ne hoc quidem tibi concedo, si mecum ista utcumque transilisti. Da mihi vel horam tertiam, ipsam mihi da in qua es. Si enim aliquid ejus jam praeteriit, et aliquid ejus adhuc restat; nec quod praeteriit mihi potes dare, quia jam non est; nec quod restat, quia nondum est. Quid mihi de hora ista, quae nunc peragitur, dabis? Quid de illa mihi dabis, cui committam hoc verbum ut dicam, Est? Cum dicis ipsum Est, certe una syllaba est, et momentum unum est, et tres litteras syllaba habet: in ipso ictu ad secundam hujus verbi litteram non pervenis, nisi prima finita fuerit; tertia non sonabit, nisi cum et secunda transierit. Quid mihi de hac una syllaba dabis? Et tenes dies, qui unam syllabam non tenes? Momentis transvolantibus cuncta rapiuntur, torrens rerum fluit; de quo torrente ille in via bibit pro nobis, qui jam exaltavit caput . Isti ergo dies non sunt: ante abeunt pene, quam veniant; et cum venerint, stare non possunt: jungunt se, sequuntur se, et non se tenent. Nihil de praeterito revocatur: quod futurum est transiturum exspectatur; nondum habetur, dum non venit; non tenetur, dum venerit. Numerum ergo dierum meorum qui est: non istum qui non est, et quod me difficilius et periculosius perturbat, et est et non est; nec esse possumus dicere quod non stat, nec non esse quod venit et transit. Est illud simplex quaero, Est verum quaero, Est germanum quaero, Est quod est in illa Jerusalem sponsa Domini mei, ubi non erit mors, non erit defectus, non erit dies transiens, sed manens, qui nec hesterno praeceditur, nec crastino impellitur. Hunc, inquam, numerum dierum meorum qui est, notum mihi fac.
38.8 PL 36, 419
8. “My wounds stink and are corrupt” (ver. 5). Now he who has wounds is not perfectly sound. Add to this, that the wounds “stink and are corrupt.” Wherefore do they “stink”? Because they are “corrupt:” now in what way this is explained in reference to human life, who doth not understand? Let a man but have his soul’s sense of smelling sound, he perceives how foully sins stink. The contrary to which stink of sin, is that savour of which the Apostle says, “We are the sweet savour of Christ unto God, in every place, unto them which be saved.” But whence is this, except from hope? Whence is this, but from our “calling the Sabbath to remembrance”? For it is a different thing that we mourn over in this life, from that which we anticipate in the other. That which we mourn over is stench, that which we reckon upon is fragrance. Were there not therefore such a perfume as that to invite us, we should never call the Sabbath to remembrance. But since, by the Spirit, we have such a perfume, as to say to our Betrothed, “Because of the savour of Thy good ointments we will run after Thee;” we turn our senses away from our own unsavourinesses, and turning ourselves to Him, we gain some little breathing-time. But indeed, unless our evil deeds also did smell rank in our nostrils, we should never confess with those groans, “My wounds stink and are corrupt.” And wherefore? “from the face of my foolishness.” From the same cause that he said before, “from the face of my sins;” from that same cause he now says, “from the face of my foolishness.”
Ut sciam quid desit mihi. Hoc enim mihi deest hic laboranti; et quamdiu mihi deest, non me dico perfectum: quamdiu hoc non accipio, dico, Non quia jam acceperim, aut jam perfectus sim; sequor autem ad palmam supernae vocationis Dei : hanc accipiam pro mercede cursus mei. Mansio quaedam erit finis currendi; et in ipsa mansione patria sine peregrinatione, sine seditione, sine tentatione. Ergo, Notum fac mihi hunc numerum dierum meorum qui est, ut sciam quid desit mihi; quia nondum ibi sum: ne superbiam ex eo in quo jam sum, ut inveniar in illo non habens meam justitiam. In comparatione enim illius quod est, attendens ista quae non ita sunt, et plus mihi videns deesse quam adesse, ero humilior ex eo quod deest, quam elatior ex eo quod adest. Nam qui putant se aliquid habere cum hic vivunt, superbiendo non accipiunt quod deest; quia magnum putant esse quod adest: qui enim putat se esse aliquid, cum nihil sit, semetipsum seducit . Nec isti ex hoc magni sunt: nam et inflatio et tumor imitatur magnitudinem, sed non habet sanitatem.
38.9 PL 36, 420
9. “I am troubled, I am bowed down even unto the end” (ver. 6). Wherefore was he “bowed down”? Because he had been “lifted up.” If thou art “humble, thou shalt be exalted;” if thou exaltest thyself, thou shalt be “bowed down;” for God will be at no loss to find a weight wherewith to bow thee down.…Let him groan on these things; that he may receive the other; let him “call the Sabbath to remembrance,” that he may deserve to arrive at it. For that which the Jews used to celebrate was but a sign. Of what thing was it the sign? Of that which he calls to remembrance, who saith, “I am troubled, and am bowed down even unto the end.” What is meant by even “unto the end”? Even to death.
“I go mourning all the day long.” “All day long,” that is, “without intermission.” By “all the day long,” he means, “all my life long.” But from what time hath he known it? From the time that he began to “call the Sabbath to remembrance.” For so long as he “calls to remembrance” what he no longer possesses, wouldest thou not have him “go mourning”? “All the day long have I gone mourning.”
[vers. 6.] Jam ergo iste transiliens agens quiddam in corde occultum, quod non novit nisi qui pariter agit; tanquam noto sibi facto fine suo impetrans quod rogavit, noto sibi facto numero dierum suorum, non qui transit, sed qui est, attendit ad haec quae transilivit, et comparavit notitiae superiori: et tanquam diceres ei, Quare desiderasti numerum dierum tuorum qui est? quid enim de diebus istis dicis? de illo alio attendens haec ait: Ecce veteres posuisti dies meos. Veterascunt enim hi, ego novos volo, novos nunquam veterascentes; ut dicam, Vetera transierunt, ecce facta sunt nova : nunc in spe, tunc in re. Innovati enim fide et spe, quanta adhuc vetera agimus? Non enim sic Christo induti sumus, ut ex Adam jam nihil portemus. Videte veterascentem Adam, et innovari Christum in nobis: Et si exterior, inquit, homo noster corrumpitur, sed interior renovatur de die in diem . Ergo ad peccatum, ad mortalitatem, ad praetervolantia tempora, ad gemitum et laborem et sudorem, ad aetates succedentes, non manentes, ab infantia usque ad senectutem sine sensu transeuntes, ad haec attendentes, videamus hic veterem hominem, veterem diem, vetus canticum, Vetus Testamentum: conversi autem ad interiorem, ad ea quae innovanda sunt, pro his quae immutabuntur, inveniamus hominem novum, diem novum, canticum novum, Testamentum Novum; et sic amemus istam novitatem, ut non ibi timeamus vetustatem. Nunc ergo in hoc cursu transimus a veteribus ad nova: ipse transitus agitur cum corrumpuntur exteriora, et innovantur interiora; donec etiam hoc ipsum quod exterius corrumpitur, reddat debitum naturae, veniat in mortem, renovetur et hoc in resurrectione. Tunc fient revera omnia nova, reliqua quae nunc sunt in spe. Agis ergo aliquid nunc a veteribus te exuendo, et in nova currendo. In nova ergo currens iste, et in ea quae ante sunt extentus, Notum, inquit, Domine, fac mihi finem meum, et numerum dierum meorum qui est, ut sciam quid desit mihi. Ecce trahit adhuc Adam, et sic festinat ad Christum. Ecce, inquit, veteres posuisti dies meos. Veteres dies ex Adam, veteres illos posuisti: veterascunt quotidie; et sic veterascunt, ut aliquando etiam consumantur. Et substantia mea tanquam nihil ante te. Ante te, Domine, tanquam nihil substantia mea, ante te qui vides hoc: et ego cum hoc video, ante te video, ante homines non video. Quid enim dicam? quibus verbis ostendam, nihil esse quod sum in comparatione ejus quod est? Sed intus dicitur, intus utcumque sentitur. Ante te, Domine, ubi oculi tui sunt, non ubi oculi humani sunt: quid ubi oculi tui sunt? Substantia mea tanquam nihil.
38.10 PL 36, 421
10. “For my soul is filled with illusions, and there is no soundness in my flesh” (ver. 7). Where there is the whole man, there there is soul and flesh both. The “soul is filled with illusions;” the flesh hath “no soundness.” What does there remain that can give joy? Is it not meet that one should “go mourning”? “All the day long have I gone mourning.” Let mourning be our portion, until our soul be divested of its illusions; and our body be clothed with soundness. For true soundness is no other than immortality. How great however are the soul’s illusions, were I even to attempt to express, when would the time suffice me? For whose soul is not subject to them? There is a brief particular that I will remind you of, to show how our soul is filled with illusions. The presence of those illusions sometimes scarcely permits us to pray. We know not how to think of material objects without images, and such as we do not wish, rush in upon the mind; and we wish to go from this one to that, and to quit that for another. And sometimes you wish to return to that which you were thinking of before, and to quit that which you are now thinking of; and a fresh one presents itself to you; you wish to call up again what you had forgotten; and it does not occur to you; and another comes instead which you would not have wished for. Where meanwhile was the one that you had forgotten? For why did it afterwards occur to you, when it had ceased to be sought after; whereas, while it was being sought for, innumerable others, which were not desired, presented themselves instead of it? I have stated a fact briefly; I have thrown out a kind of hint or suggestion to you, brethren, taking up which, you may yourselves suggest the rest to yourselves, and discover what it is to mourn over the “illusions” of our “soul.” He hath received therefore the punishment of illusion; he hath forfeited Truth. For just as illusion is the soul’s punishment, so is Truth its reward. But when we were set in the midst of these illusions, the Truth Itself came to us, and found us overwhelmed by illusions, took upon Itself our flesh, or rather took flesh from us; that is, from the human race. He manifested himself to the eyes of the Flesh, that He might “by faith” heal those to whom He was going to reveal the Truth hereafter, that Truth might be manifested to the now healed eye. For He is Himself “the Truth,” which He promised unto us at that time, when His Flesh was to be seen by the eye, that the foundation might be laid of that Faith, of which the Truth was to be the reward. For it was not Himself that Christ showed forth on earth; but it was His Flesh that He showed. For had He showed Himself, the Jews would have seen and known Him; but had they “known Him, they would never have crucified the Lord of Glory.” But perhaps His disciples saw Him, when they said unto Him, “Show us the Father, and it sufficeth us;” and He, to show that it was not Himself that had been seen by them, added: “Have I been so long with you, and have ye not known Me, Philip? He that seeth Me, seeth the Father also.” If then they saw Christ, wherefore did they yet seek for the Father? For if it were Christ whom they saw, they would have seen the Father also. They did not therefore yet see Christ, who desired that the Father should be shown unto them. To prove that they did not yet see Him, hear that, in another place, He promised it by way of reward, saying, “He who loveth Me, keepeth My commandments; and whoso loveth Me, shall be loved of My Father; and I will love Him and” (as if it were said to Him, “what wilt Thou give unto him, as Thou lovest him?” He saith), “I will manifest Myself unto him.” If then He promises this by way of a reward unto them that love Him, it is manifest that the vision of the Truth, promised to us, is of such a nature, that, when we have seen it, we shall no longer say, “My soul is filled with illusions.”
Verumtamen universa vanitas, omnis homo vivens. Verumtamen: quid enim dicebat? Jam ecce transilivi mortalia omnia, et ima contempsi, calcavi terrena, ascendi ad delectationem legis Domini, fluctuavi in dispensatione numerorum dierum dominicorum, desideravi etiam finem illum, cujus non est finis; desideravi numerum dierum meorum qui est, quia numerus dierum istorum non est; ecce jam talis sum, tanta transilivi, in ea quae stant sic inhio: Verumtamen, sic quomodo hic sum, quamdiu hic sum, quamdiu in hoc saeculo sum, quamdiu carnem mortalem porto, quamdiu tentatio vita humana est super terram , quamdiu inter scandala suspiro, quamdiu timeo ne cadam qui sto, quamdiu mihi incerta sunt et mala mea et bona mea, universa vanitas omnis homo vivens. Omnis, inquam, et haerens et transiliens, et ipse Idithun ad universam vanitatem adhuc pertinet: quia omnia vanitas, et vanitas vanitantium: quae abundantia homini in omni labore suo, quo ipse laborat sub sole ? Numquid et Idithun sub sole adhuc est? Habet aliquid sub sole, habet aliquid ultra solem. Sub sole habet evigilare, dormire, manducare, bibere, esurire, sitire, vigere, fatigari, puerascere, juvenescere, senescere, incerta habere quae optat et timet: haec omnia sub sole habet et ipse Idithun, etiam ipse transiliens eos. Unde ergo transiliens? Ex illo desiderio, Notum fac mihi, Domine, finem meum. Hoc enim desiderium ultra solem est, non est sub sole. Sub sole omnia visibilia: quidquid visibile non est, sub sole non est. Non est visibilis fides, non est visibilis spes, non est visibilis charitas, non est visibilis benignitas, non est visibilis postremo timor ille castus permanens in saeculum saeculi . In his omnibus dulcedinem habens consolationemque Idithun, et ultra solem conversans, quia conversatio ejus in coelis est, ex his quae adhuc habet sub sole, gemit; et ista contemnit et dolet, in illa inardescit quae desiderat. Locutus est de illis, loquatur et de istis. Audistis concupiscenda, audite contemnenda. Verumtamen universa vanitas omnis homo vivens.
38.11 PL 36, 421
11. “I am become feeble, and am bowed down greatly” (ver. 8). He who calls to mind the transcendent height of the Sabbath, sees how “greatly” he is himself “bowed down.” For he who cannot conceive what is that height of rest, sees not where he is at present. Therefore another Psalm hath said, “I said in my trance, I am cast out of the sight of Thine eyes.” For his mind being taken up thither, he beheld something sublime; and was not yet entirely there, where what he beheld was; and a kind of flash, as it were, if one may so speak, of the Eternal Light having glanced upon him, when he perceived that he was not yet arrived at this, which he was able after a sort to understand, he saw where he himself was, and how he was cramped and “bowed down” by human infirmities. And he says, “I said in my trance, I am cast out of the sight of Thine eyes.” Such is that certain something which I saw in my trance, that thence I perceive how far off I am, who am not already there. He was already there who said that he was “caught up into the third Heaven, and there heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.” But he was recalled to us, in order that, as requiring to be made perfect, he might first mourn his infirmity, and afterwards be clothed with might. Yet encouraged for the ministration of his office by having seen somewhat of those things, he goes on saying, “I heard unspeakable words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.” Now then what use is it for you to ask, either of me or of any one, the “things which it is not lawful for man to utter.” If it was not lawful for him to utter them, to whom is it lawful to hear them? Let us however lament and groan in Confession; let us own where we are; let us “call the Sabbath to remembrance,” and wait with patience for what He has promised, who hath, in His own Person also, showed forth an example of patience to us. “I am become feeble, and bowed down greatly.”
[vers. 7.] Quanquam in imagine ambulat homo. In qua imagine, nisi illius qui dixit: Faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram ? Quanquam in imagine ambulat homo. Ideo enim Quanquam, quia magnum aliquid imago haec. Et hoc Quanquam, secutum est Tamen: ut illud quod audistis Quanquam, ultra solem sit; hoc autem quod sequitur Tamen, sub sole sit; et illud pertineat ad veritatem, hoc ad vanitatem. Quanquam ergo in imagine ambulat homo: Tamen vane conturbatur. Audi conturbationem ejus, et vide si non est vana: ut calces eam, transilias eam, et habites in excelsis, ubi non est ista vanitas. Quae vanitas? Thesaurizat, et non cognoscit cui congregabit ea. O insana vanitas! Beatus cujus est Dominus spes ejus, et non respexit in vanitates et insanias mendaces . Delirare tibi videor, avare, cum haec loquor: anicularia tibi videntur haec verba. Tu enim videlicet homo magni consilii magnaeque prudentiae, excogitas quotidie genera acquirendae pecuniae, de negotio, de agricultura, fortassis et de eloquio, de juris consultatione, de militia, addis et de fenore. Homo cordatus nihil praetermittis omnino, unde nummus super nummum, et in occulto diligentius castigetur. Depraedaris hominem, caves depraedatorem; quod facis times ne patiaris, et in eo quod pateris non te corrigis. Sed non pateris: prudens enim homo es, bene servas, non solum bene colligis: habes ubi ponas, cui committas, quomodo nihil pereat ex eo quod congregasti. Interrogo cor tuum, discutio prudentiam tuam: Ecce collegisti, ecce ita servasti, ut nihil possis amittere eorum quae servasti; dic mihi cui servas? Non tecum ago, non commemoro, non exaggero quidquid aliud mali habet avaritia vanitatis tuae: hoc unum propono, hoc discutio, quod mihi dat occasio lectionis hujus psalmi. Prorsus colligis, thesaurizas: non dico, Ne forte dum colligis, colligaris: non dico, Ne forte cum vis esse praedo, sis praeda: hoc apertius eloquar; fortassis enim caecus avaritia non audisti aut intellexisti: non dico, inquam, Ne forte cum vis esse praedo minoris, sis praeda majoris. Non enim sentis esse te in mari, nec cernis minores pisces a majoribus devorari. Non dico ista, non dico difficultates et pericula in ipsa conquisitione pecuniae, quanta patiantur qui eam colligunt, quam in omnibus periclitentur, in omnibus pene mortem videant: transeo haec omnia. Prorsus colligis nullo contradicente, servas nullo auferente: excute cor tuum, ac prudentiam tantam qua me derides, qua me insipientem putas haec loquentem; et dic mihi: thesaurizas; cui congregabis ea? Video quid velis dicere, quasi quod vis dicere huic non occurrerit: dicturus es, Filiis meis servo. Haec est vox pietatis, excusatio iniquitatis: Filiis meis, inquis, servo. Etiam servas filiis tuis. Itane hoc non noverat Idithun? Noverat ea plane, sed in diebus veteribus computabat, et ideo contemnebat; quia ad novos dies festinabat.
38.12 PL 36, 422
12. “I have roared with the groaning of my heart.” You observe the servants of God generally interceding with groaning; and the reason of it is asked, and there is nothing apparent, but the groaning of some servant of God, if indeed it does find its way at all to the ears of a person placed near him. For there is a secret groaning, which is not heard by man: yet if the thought of some strong desire has taken so strong hold of the heart, that the wound of the inner man finds expression in some uttered exclamation, the reason of it is asked; and a man says to himself, “Perhaps this is the cause of his groaning;” and, “Perhaps this or that hath befallen him.” Who can determine, but He in whose Eyes and Ears he groaned? Therefore he says, “I roared with the groaning of mine heart;” because if men ever hear a man’s groanings, they for the most part hear but the groaning of the flesh; they do not hear him who groans “with the groaning of his heart.” Some one hath carried off his goods; he “roareth,” but not “with the groaning of his heart:” another because he has buried his son, another his wife; another because his vineyard has been injured by a hailstorm; another because his cask has turned sour; another because some one hath stolen his beast; another because he has suffered some loss; another because he fears some man who is his enemy: all these “roar” with the “groaning of the flesh.” The servant of God, however, because he “roareth” from the recollection of the Sabbath, where the Kingdom of God is, which flesh and blood shall not possess, says, “I have roared with the groaning of my heart.”
Nam ecce discutio te cum filiis tuis: servas transiturus transituris, imo vero transiens transeuntibus. Nam transiturum te sic dixi, quasi nunc maneas. Ipsum hodie: ex quo loqui coepimus usque ad hoc momentum, sentis quia senuimus. Neque enim cernis et incrementa capillorum tuorum; et nunc cum stas, cum hic es, cum agis aliquid, cum loqueris, in te crescunt capilli tui: neque enim repente creverunt, ut tonsorem quaereres. Agitur ergo aetas transvolans, et in intelligentibus, et non sentientibus, et in aliud male occupatis. Transis tu, et servas transeunti filio tuo. Primo hoc a te quaero, Scis eum possessurum cui servas? aut si nondum natus est, scis nasciturum? Servas filiis, incertum est an futuris, an possessuris: nec reponis thesaurum ubi reponendus est. Non enim Dominus tuus servo suo tale consilium daret, ut peculium suum perderet. Peculiosus servus es cujusdam magni patris familias. Quod amas et quod habes ipse tibi dedit, et non vult ut perdas quod tibi dedit, qui et seipsum tibi dabit. Sed nec hoc, inquam, quod tibi ad tempus dedit, vult ut perdas. Multum est, exuberat, supergreditur vires necessitatis tuae, jam certe superfluum deputatur: nec hoc volo ut perdas, ait Dominus tuus. Et quid facio? Migra, ubi posuisti non est tutus locus. Certe servire vis avaritiae: vide ne forte et ipsi avaritiae congruat consilium meum. Habere enim vis quod habes, et non perdere: ostendo tibi locum ubi ponas. Ne thesaurizes in terra, nesciens cui congreges ea, et postea quemadmodum consumpturus sit qui possidebit, qui tenebit. Forte enim possessus possidebit, et quod a te habebit non tenebit. Forte cum ei servas, antequam ille veniat tu perdes. Sollicitudini tuae consilium do: Thesaurizate vobis thesaurum in coelo . Hic in terra si velles servare divitias, quaereres horreum: forte non crederes domui tuae propter domesticos tuos: commendares ad vicum argentarium: difficilis est enim ibi casus, fur non facile accedit, bene omnia servantur. Quare ista cogitas, nisi quia non habes melius ubi serves? Quid si dabo melius? Dicam tibi, Noli commendare huic minus idoneo, sed est quidam idoneus, illi commenda: habet magna horrea, ubi perire non possint divitiae; magnus super omnes divites dives est. Jam forte dicturus es, Et quando audeo tali commendare? Quid si ipse te hortatur? Agnosce illum, non solum pater familias est, sed et Dominus tuus est. Nolo, inquit, serve meus, perdas peculium tuum, agnosce ubi ponas: quare ibi ponis ubi possis amittere; ubi etsi non amittas, ibi permanere perpetuo tu non potes? Est alius locus, quo te transferam. Praecedat te quod habes; noli timere ne perdas; dator ego eram, custos ego ero. Dicit tibi hoc Dominus tuus: fidem tuam interroga, vide si velis illi credere. Dicturus es, Perditum habeo quod non video, hic illud volo videre. Dum vis hic videre, nec hic videbis, et ibi nihil habebis. Nescio quos thesauros habes absconditos in terra; cum procedis, non eos tecum portas. Venisti ad audiendum sermonem, ad colligendas interiores divitias, cogitas de exterioribus: numquid eas huc tecum adduxisti? Ecce nec nunc eas vides. Credis te habere in domo, quod scis te posuisse: numquid scis te non perdidisse? Quam multi redierunt ad domos suas, et quod posuerant non invenerunt. Hinc fortasse expaverunt corda cupidorum; et quoniam dixi multos saepe ad domum suam rediisse, et quod posuerant non invenisse, dixit quisque in corde suo: Absit, Episcope; bonum opta, ora pro nobis; absit ut contingat, absit ut ita fiat; credo in Deum, quoniam quod posui salvum invenio. Credis in Deum, et non credis ipsi Deo? Credo in Christum, quia salvum erit quod posui, nemo accedet, nemo auferet. Securus vis esse credendo in Christum, ut nihil perdas de domo tua: securus eris potius credendo Christo, ut ibi ponas, ubi consilium dedit. An securus es de servo tuo, et sollicitus es de Domino tuo? securus es de domo tua, et sollicitus de coelo? Sed ego, inquis, quomodo pono in coelo? Dedi tibi consilium: ubi dico, pone: quomodo perveniat ad coelum, nolo scias. Pone in manibus pauperum, da egentibus: quid ad te quomodo perveniat? Non perducam quod ego accipio? An oblitus es, Cum uni ex minimis meis fecistis, mihi fecistis ? Si haberet quispiam amicus tuus quosdam lacus vel cisternas, et quaeque receptacula fabricarum ad servandum aliquem liquorem vel vini vel olei, quaereres ubi absconderes vel servares fructus tuos, et diceret tibi, Ego tibi servo: haberetque ad illa receptacula occultos canales quosdam transitusque, ut per hos clanculo iret quod palam funderetur: et diceret tibi, Quod habes, hic funde: videres autem tu non esse illum locum ubi ponere cogitabas, et timeres fundere: ille qui sciret machinamenta quaedam occulta locorum suorum, non tibi diceret, Funde securus, hinc illuc pervenit; non vides qua, sed crede mihi, qui fabricavi? Fabricavit enim per quem facta sunt omnia, mansiones omnibus nobis: illuc vult praecedere quod habemus, ne hoc in terra perdamus. Cum autem servaveris in terra, dic mihi cui congregabis ea? Filios habes: unum plus numera, et da aliquid et Christo. Thesaurizat, et non cognoscit cui congregabit ea: vane conturbatur.
38.13 PL 36, 424
13. And who observed and noticed the cause of his groaning? “All my desire is before Thee” (ver. 9). For it is not before men who cannot see the heart, but it is before Thee that all my desire is open! Let your desire be before Him; and “the Father, who seeth in secret, shall reward thee.” For it is thy heart’s desire that is thy prayer; and if thy desire continues uninterrupted, thy prayer continueth also. For not without a meaning did the Apostle say, “Pray without ceasing.” Are we to be “without ceasing” bending the knee, prostrating the body, or lifting up our hands, that he says, “Pray without ceasing”? Or if it is in this sense that we say that we “pray,” this, I believe, we cannot do “without ceasing.” There is another inward kind of prayer without ceasing, which is the desire of the heart. Whatever else you are doing, if you do but long for that Sabbath, you do not cease to pray. If you would never cease to pray, never cease to long after it. The continuance of thy longing is the continuance of thy prayer. You will be ceasing to speak, if you cease to long for it. Who are those who have ceased to speak? They of whom it is said, “Because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold.” The freezing of charity is the silence of the heart; the burning of charity is the cry of the heart. If love continues still you are still lifting up your voice; if you are always lifting up your voice, you are always longing after something; if always longing for something absent, you are calling “the Sabbath rest to remembrance.” And it is important you should understand too before whom the “roaring of thine heart” is open. Now then consider what sort of desires those should be, that are before the eyes of God. Should it be the desire for the death of our enemy? a thing which men flatter themselves they lawfully wish for? For sometimes we pray for what we ought not. Let us consider what they flatter themselves they pray for lawfully! For they pray that some person may die, and his inheritance come to them. But let those too, who pray for the death of their enemies, hear the Lord saying, “Pray for your enemies.” Let them not pray for this, that their enemies may die; but rather pray for this, that they may be reclaimed; then will their enemies be dead; for from the time that they are reclaimed, henceforth they will be enemies no longer. “And all my desire is before Thee.” What if we suppose that our desire is before Him, and that yet that very “groaning” is not before Him? How can that be, since our desire itself finds its expression in “groaning”? Therefore follows, “And my groaning is not hid from Thee.”
From Thee indeed it is not hid; but from many men it is hid. The servant of God sometimes seems to be saying in humility, “And my groaning is not hid from Thee.” Sometimes also he seems to smile. Is then that longing dead in his heart? If however there is the desire within, there is the “groaning” also. It does not always find its way to the ears of man; but it never ceases to sound in the ears of God.
[vers. 8.] Et nunc: quando, inquit iste Idithun respiciens vanitatem quamdam, suspiciens veritatem quamdam, in medio positus quiddam sub se habens, quiddam supra se (sub se habet unde transilivit, supra se habet quo se extendit): Et nunc, ait, quando quiddam transilivi, quando multa calcavi, quando temporalibus jam non teneor; nondum sum perfectus, nondum accepi. Spe enim salvi facti sumus: spes autem quae videtur, non est spes. Quod enim videt quis, quid sperat? Si autem quod non videmus speramus, per patientiam exspectamus . Ergo, Et nunc quae est exspectatio mea? nonne Dominus? Ipse est exspectatio mea, qui dedit omnia ista quae contemnam: ipse mihi dabit et se, qui est super omnia, et per quem facta sunt omnia, et a quo factus sum inter omnia, ipse est exspectatio mea Dominus. Videtis Idithun, fratres, videtis quomodo exspectet. Nemo ergo se dicat perfectum hic: decipit se, fallit se, seducit se, non potest hic habere perfectionem. Et quid prodest, quia perdit humilitatem? Et nunc quae est exspectatio mea? nonne Dominus? Cum venerit, jam non exspectatur; tunc erit illa perfectio: nunc autem quantumcumque transilierit Idithun, adhuc exspectat. Et substantia mea ante te est semper. Jam proficiens, jam ad ipsum tendens, et esse aliquantum incipiens: ante te est semper substantia mea. Substantia autem ista et ante homines est. Aurum habes, argentum habes, mancipia, praedia, arbores, pecora, servos; haec videri et ab hominibus possunt: est quaedam substantia ante te semper. Et substantia mea ante te est semper.
38.14 PL 36, 425
14. “My heart is troubled” (ver. 10). Wherefore is it troubled? “And my courage hath failed me.” Generally something comes upon us on a sudden; the “heart is troubled;” the earth quakes; thunder is sent from Heaven; a formidable attack is made upon us, or a horrible sound heard. Perhaps a lion is seen on the road; the “heart is troubled.” Perhaps robbers lie in wait for us; the “heart is troubled:” we are filled with a panic fear; from every quarter something excites anxiety. Wherefore? Because “my courage hath failed me.” For what would be feared, did that courage still remain unmoved? Whatever bad tidings were brought, whatever threatened us, whatever sound was heard, whatever were to fall, whatever appeared horrible, would inspire no terror. But whence that trouble? “My courage faileth me.” Wherefore hath my courage failed me? “The light of mine eyes also is gone from me.” Thus Adam also could not see “the light of his eyes.” For the “light of his eyes” was God Himself, whom when he had offended, he fled to the shade, and hid himself among the trees of Paradise. He shrunk in alarm from the face of God: and sought the shelter of the trees; thenceforth among the trees he had no more “the light of his eyes,” at which he had been wont to rejoice.…
[vers. 9.] Ab omnibus iniquitatibus meis erue me. Multa transilivi, multa quidem transilivi: sed si dixerimus, quia peccatum non habemus, nos ipsos decipimus, et veritas in nobis non est . Multa transilivi; sed adhuc tundo pectus, et dico: Dimitte nobis debita nostra, sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris . Tu ergo exspectatio mea, finis meus: Finis enim Legis Christus ad justitiam omni credenti . Ab omnibus, non solum ab eis, ne revolvar in ea quae transilivi: sed ab omnibus omnino, propter quae mihi modo pectus tundens dico, Dimitte nobis debita nostra. Ab omnibus iniquitatibus meis erue me: ita sapientem, et tenentem quod ait Apostolus, Quotquot ergo perfecti sumus, hoc sapiamus. Cum enim se diceret nondum esse perfectum, ibi continuo secutus ait: Quotquot ergo perfecti sumus, hoc sapiamus. Quid est, Quotquot perfecti sumus? Jam dudum tu dixeras: Non quia jam acceperim, aut jam perfectus sim. Sequere ordinem dictorum. Unum autem, quae retro oblitus, in ea quae ante sunt extentus, secundum intentionem sequor, ad palmam supernae vocationis Dei in Christo Jesu . Ideo nondum perfectus, quia sequitur ad palmam supernae vocationis Dei, quam nondum invenit, ad quam nondum pervenit. Si autem non est perfectus, quia non illuc pervenit, quis nostrum perfectus est? Tamen sequitur et ait: Quotquot enim perfecti, hoc sapiamus. Tu non es perfectus, o Apostole, et nos perfecti? Sed excidit vobis, quia se modo perfectum dixit? Non enim ait, Quotquot perfecti, hoc sapiatis; sed, Quotquot, inquit, perfecti, hoc sapiamus: cum paulo ante dixisset, Non quia jam acceperim aut jam perfectus sim. Aliter ergo hic non potes esse perfectus, nisi scias, hic te non esse posse perfectum. Haec ergo erit perfectio tua, sic te quaedam transilisse, ut ad quaedam properes; sic quaedam te transilisse, ut restet aliud ad quod omnibus transactis transiliendum est. Haec tuta fides est. Nam quisquis se jam pervenisse putat, in alto se ponit, ut cadat.
38.15 PL 36, 426
15. “My lovers;” why should I henceforth speak of my enemies? “My lovers and my neighbours drew nigh, and stood over against me” (ver. 11). Understand this that he saith, “Stood over against me.” For if they stood over against me, they fell against themselves. “My lovers and my neighbours drew nigh and stood over against me.” Let us now recognise the words of the Head speaking; now let our Head in His Passion begin to dawn upon us. Yet again when the Head begins to speak, do not sever the Body from it. If the Head would not separate itself from the words of the Body, should the Body dare to separate itself from the sufferings of the Head? Do thou suffer in Christ’s suffering: for Christ, as it were, sinned in thy infirmity. For just now He spoke of thy sins, as if speaking in His own Person, and called them His own.…To those who wished to be near His exaltation, yet thought not of His humility, He answered and said to them, “Can ye drink of the cup that I shall drink of?” Those sufferings of the Lord then are our sufferings also: and were each individual to serve God well, to keep faith truly, to render to each their dues, and to conduct himself honestly among men, I should like to see if he does not suffer even that which Christ here details in the account of His Passion. “My lovers and my neighbours drew nigh, and stood over against me.”
Quia ergo ita sapio, quia me et imperfectum dico et perfectum: imperfectum quidem, quia nondum aliquid accepi quod volo; perfectum autem, quia scio hoc ipsum quod mihi desit: quia ergo sic sapio, quia humana contemno, quia laetari in rebus pereuntibus nolo, quia irrideor ab avaro jactante se quod sit prudens, et me irridente quod desipiam, quia sic ago, quia hanc viam carpo: Opprobrium, inquit, insipienti dedisti me. Inter eos me vivere voluisti, inter eos praedicare veritatem, qui amant vanitatem; et non possum nisi irrideri ab eis: quia spectaculum facti sumus huic mundo, et Angelis, et hominibus ; Angelis laudantibus, hominibus opprobrantibus: imo et Angelis laudantibus et vituperantibus, et hominibus laudantibus et vituperantibus. A dextris et a sinistris habemus arma, in quibus militamus, per gloriam et ignobilitatem, per infamiam et bonam famam, ut seductores et veraces . Haec apud Angelos, haec apud homines: quia et apud Angelos sunt sancti Angeli, quibus bene vivendo placeamus; et sunt praevaricatores angeli, quibus bene vivendo displiceamus: et inter homines sunt sancti viri, quibus placeat vita nostra; sunt nequissimi homines, qui irrideant bonam vitam nostram. Et haec arma sunt, illa dextra, illa sinistra; utraque tamen arma sunt: utrisque armis, et dextris et sinistris utor, et laudantibus et vituperantibus, et honorem deferentibus et ignominiam irrogantibus: in his utrisque armis confligo cum diabolo, utrisque eum ferio: prosperis, si non corrumpor; adversis, si non frangor.
38.16 PL 36, 426
16. “And my neighbours stood afar off.” Who were the “neighbours” that drew nigh, and who were those who stood afar off? The Jews were “neighbours” because “near kinsmen,” they drew near even when they crucified Him: the Apostles also were His “neighbours;” and they also “stood afar off,” that they might not have to suffer with Him. This may also be understood thus: “My friends,” that is, those who feigned themselves “My friends:” for they feigned themselves His friends, when they said, “We know that Thou teachest the way of God in truth;” when they wished to try Him, whether tribute ought to be paid to Cæsar; when He convinced them out of their own mouth, they wished to seem to be His friends. “But He needed not that any should testify of man, for He Himself knew what was in man;” so that when they spoke unto Him words of friendship, He answered them, “Why tempt ye Me, ye hypocrites?” “My friends and my neighbours” then “drew near and stood over against me, and my neighbours stood afar off.” You understand what I said. I called those neighbours who “drew nigh,” and at the same time “stood afar off.” For they “drew nigh” in the body, but “stood afar off” in their heart. Who were in the body so near to Him as those who lifted Him on the Cross? Who in heart so as those who blasphemed Him? Hear this sort of distance described by the Prophet Isaiah; observe this nearness and distance at one and the same time. “This people honours Me with their lips:” behold, with their body they draw near; “but their heart is far from Me.” The same persons are at the same time “near” and “afar off” also: with their lips they are near, in heart afar off. However, because the Apostles also stood afar off, through fear, we understand it more simply and properly of them; so that we mean by it, that some drew near, and others stood afar off; since even Peter, who had followed more boldly than the rest, was still so far off, that being questioned and alarmed, he thrice denied the Lord, with whom he had promised to “be ready to die.” Who afterwards that, from being afar off, he might be made to draw nigh, heard after the resurrection the question, “Lovest thou Me?” and said, “I love Thee;” and by so saying was brought “nigh,” even as by denying Him, he had become “far off;” till with the threefold confession of love, he had put away from him his threefold denial. “And my neighbours stood afar off.”
[vers. 10, 11.] Dedisti ergo me opprobrium insipienti. Obsurdui, et non aperui os meum. Sed contra insipientem obsurdui, et non aperui os meum. Cui enim dicerem quod agitur in me? Audiam enim quid loquatur in me Dominus Deus, quoniam loquetur pacem populo suo : sed non est pax impiis, dicit Dominus . Obsurdui et non aperui os meum. Quoniam tu es qui fecisti me. Ideo non aperuisti os tuum, quia Deus est qui fecit te? Mirum est. Os enim tibi Deus non fecit ad loquendum? Qui plantavit aurem, non audit? qui finxit oculum, non videt ? Os tibi Deus ad loquendum dedit: et dicis, Obsurdui, et non aperui os meum: quoniam tu es qui fecisti me? An Quoniam tu es qui fecisti me, posteriorem versum pertinet? Quoniam tu es qui fecisti me, amove a me flagella tua. Quoniam tu es qui fecisti me, noli exterminare me: tantum caede ut proficiam, non ut deficiam: tantum tunde ut producar, non ut comminuar. Quoniam tu es qui fecisti me, amove a me flagella tua.
38.17 PL 36, 426
17. “They also that sought after my soul were preparing violence against me” (ver. 12). It is now plain who “sought after His soul;” viz. those who had not His soul, in that they were not in His Body. They who were “seeking after His soul,” were far removed from His soul; but they were “seeking it” to destroy it. For His soul may be “sought after” in a right way also. For in another passage He finds fault with some persons, saying, “There is no man to care for My soul.” He finds fault with some for not seeking after His soul; and again, with others for seeking after it. Who is he that seeketh after His soul in the right way? He who imitates His sufferings. Who are they that sought after His soul in the wrong way? Even those who “prepared violence against Him,” and crucified Him.
[vers. 12.] A fortitudine manus tuae ego defeci in argutionibus: hoc est, cum argueres me, defeci. Et arguere tuum quid est, nisi quod sequitur? Pro iniquitate erudisti hominem, et contabescere fecisti sicut araneam animam meam. Multum est quod intelligit iste Idithun: si quis cum illo intelligat, si quis cum illo transiliat. Dicit enim in argutionibus Dei se defecisse, et vult a se amoveri flagella, quoniam ipse est qui fecit illum. Qui fecit, ipse reficiat; et qui creavit, ipse recreet. Sed tamen quod ita defecit, ut velit se et recreari et reformari, sine causa putamus, fratres, factum fuisse? Pro iniquitate, inquit, erudisti hominem. Totum quod defeci, quod infirmus sum, quod de imo clamo, hoc totum pro iniquitate: et in hoc erudisti, non damnasti: Pro iniquitate erudisti hominem. Audi hoc planius ex alio psalmo: Bonum est mihi, quod humiliasti me, ut discam justificationes tuas . Et humiliatus sum, et bonum est mihi: et poena est, et gratia est. Quid servat post poenam, qui per gratiam exhibet poenam? Ipse enim est de quo dictum est, Humiliatus sum, et salvum me fecit : et, Bonum est mihi quod humiliasti me, ut discam justificationes tuas. Pro iniquitate erudisti hominem. Et quod scriptum est, Qui fingis dolorem in praecepto , Deo dici nonnisi a transiliente potuit; quia nonnisi a transiliente videri potuit. Fingis, inquit, dolorem in praecepto, de dolore praeceptum mihi facis. Formas ipsum dolorem meum: non eum relinquis informem, sed formas illum: et formatus dolor meus inflictus a te praeceptum mihi erit, ut liberer a te. Fingis enim, dictum est, dolorem, formas dolorem, plasmas dolorem, non simulas dolorem: quomodo fingit artifex, unde et figulus dicitur a fingendo. Ergo, Pro iniquitate erudisti hominem. Video me in malis, video me in poena, et apud te non video iniquitatem. Si ergo ego in poena sum et apud te iniquitas non est, nonne restat ut pro iniquitate erudieris hominem?
38.18 PL 36, 427
18. He goes on: “Those who sought after My faults had spoken vanity.” What is, “sought after My faults”? They sought after many things, and found them not. Perhaps He may have meant this: “They sought for criminal charges against me.” For they sought for somewhat to say against Him, and “they found not.” For they were seeking to find evil things to say of “the Good;” crimes of the Innocent; When would they find such things in Him, who had no sin? But because they had to seek for sins in Him who had no sin, it remained for them to invent that which they could not find. Therefore, “those who sought after My faults have spoken vanity,” i.e., untruth, “and imagined deceit all the day long;” that is, they meditated treachery without intermission. You know how atrocious false-witness was borne against the Lord, before He suffered. You know how atrocious false-witness was borne against Him, even after His resurrection. For those soldiers who watched His sepulchre of whom Isaiah spake, “I will appoint the wicked for His burial” (for they were wicked men, and would not speak the truth, and being bribed they disseminated a lie), consider what “vanity” they spake. They also were examined, and they said, “While we slept, His disciples came and stole Him away.” This it is, “to speak vanity.” For if they were sleeping, how could they know what had been done?
Et quomodo, erudisti? Dic ipsam eruditionem, o Idithun, quomodo eruditus es? Et tabescere fecisti sicut araneam animam meam. Haec est eruditio. Quid tabidius aranea? Animal ipsum dico. Quanquam et ipsis telis aranearum quid tabidius? Attende et ipsum animal quam tabidum est. Pone supra leviter digitum, ruina est: nihil omnino tabidius. Talem fecisti animam meam, inquit, erudiendo me pro iniquitate. Quando eruditio infirmum fecit, quaedam fortitudo erat vitium. Video quosdam praevolasse, et intellexisse: sed a celerioribus non sunt deserendi tardiores, ut pariter viam sermonis carpant. Hoc dixi, hoc intelligite: Si eruditio justi Dei hanc infirmitatem fecit, fortitudo quaedam erat vitium. Fortitudine quadam displicuit homo, ut erudiretur infirmitate: quia superbia quadam displicuit, ut erudiretur humilitate. Fortes se esse dicunt omnes superbi. Ideo vicerunt multi ab oriente et occidente venientes, ut recumbant cum Abraham et Isaac et Jacob in regno coelorum: quare vicerunt? Quia fortes esse noluerunt. Quid est, fortes esse noluerunt? De se praesumere timuerunt: justitiam suam non constituerunt, ut justitiae Dei subjicerentur . Denique quando dixit Dominus hoc, Multi ab oriente et occidente venient, et recumbent cum Abraham et Isaac et Jacob in regno coelorum, filii autem regni, id est Judaei ignorantes justitiam Dei, et suam volentes statuere, ibunt in tenebras exteriores; recordamini fidem illam Centurionis unius ex populo gentium, ita in se infirmi, ita non fortis ut diceret: Non sum dignus ut sub tectum meum intres. Non erat dignus qui Christum domo reciperet, et jam corde receperat. Etenim magister ille humilitatis, Filius hominis jam invenerat in ejus pectore ubi caput reclinaret. Ad hoc verbum Centurionis Dominus respiciens, ad sequentes se dixit: Amen dico vobis, in nullo inveni tantam fidem in Israel . Hunc infirmum invenit, Israelitas fortes invenit, ut inter utrosque diceret: Non est opus medicus sanis, sed male habentibus . Propter hoc ergo, id est propter hanc humilitatem, Multi ab oriente et occidente venient, et recumbent cum Abraham et Isaac et Jacob in regno coelorum; filii autem regni ibunt in tenebras exteriores. Ecce mortales estis, ecce carnem putrescentem portatis, et sicut unus ex principibus cadetis: sicut homines moriemini , et cadetis sicut diabolus. Quid vobis prodest medicina mortalitatis? Superbus diabolus, tanquam angelus non habens carnem mortalem: tu autem qui accepisti mortalem carnem, et nec hoc tibi prodest, ut tanta infirmitate humilieris, sicut unus ex principibus cades. Ipsa est ergo gratia beneficii Dei prima, redigere nos ad confessionem infirmitatis, ut quidquid boni possumus, quidquid potentes sumus, in illo simus: ut qui gloriatur, in Domino glorietur . Quando infirmor, inquit, tunc potens sum . Pro iniquitate erudisti hominem: et tabescere fecisti sicut araneam animam meam.
38.19 PL 36, 428
19. He saith then, “But I as a deaf man heard not” (ver. 13). He who replied not to what He heard, did, as it were, not hear them. “But I as a deaf man heard not. And I was as a dumb man that openeth not his mouth.” And he repeats the same things again.
“And I became as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no reproofs” (ver. 14). As if He had nothing to say unto them, as if He had nothing wherewith to reproach them. Had He not already reproached them for many things? Had He not said many things, and also said, “Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees,” and many things besides? Yet when He suffered, He said none of these things; not that He had not what to say, but He waited for them to fulfil all things, and that all the prophecies might be fulfilled of Him, of whom it had been said, “And as a sheep before her shearer is dumb, so openeth He not His mouth.” It behoved Him to be silent in His Passion, though not hereafter to be silent in Judgment. For He had come to be judged, then, who was hereafter coming to judge; and who was for this reason to come with great power to judge, that He had been judged in great humility.
Verumtamen vane conturbatur omnis homo vivens. Redit ad illud quod paulo ante commemoravit: quamvis hic proficiat, vane conturbatur omnis homo vivens: vivens utique in incerto. Quis enim vel de ipso bono suo securus est? Vane conturbatur. Jactet in Dominum curam suam , in illum jactet quidquid sollicitus est, ipse nutriat, ipse custodiat. Quid enim in hac terra certum est, nisi mors? Considerate omnia omnino vel bona vel mala vitae hujus, vel in ipsa justitia, vel in ipsa iniquitate: quid hic certum est, nisi mors? Profecisti: quid sis hodie, scis; quid futurus sis crastino, nescis. Peccator es: quid sis hodie, scis; quid sis crastino, nescis. Speras pecuniam; incertum est an proveniat. Speras uxorem; incertum est an accipias, vel qualem accipias. Speras filios; incertum est an nascantur: nati sunt; incertum est an vivant: vivunt, incertum est an proficiant, an deficiant. Quocumque te verteris, incerta omnia: sola mors certa. Pauper es; incertum est an ditescas: indoctus; incertum est an erudiaris: imbecillus; incertum est an convalescas. Natus es; certum est quia morieris: et in hoc ipso quia mors ipsa certa est, dies mortis incertus est. Inter haec incerta, ubi sola mors certa, cujus etiam hora incerta, et sola multum cavetur, quae nullo modo devitatur, omnis homo vivens vane conturbatur.
38.20 PL 36, 429
20. “For in Thee, O Lord, do I hope; Thou wilt hear, O Lord, my God” (ver. 15). As if it were said to Him, “Wherefore openedst thou not thy mouth? Wherefore didst Thou not say, ‘Refrain’? Wherefore didst Thou not rebuke the unrighteous, while hanging on the Cross?” He goes on and says, “For in Thee, O Lord, do I hope; Thou, O Lord my God, wilt hear.” He warns you what to do, should tribulation haply befall. For you seek to defend yourself, and perhaps your defence is not listened to by any one. Then are you confounded, as if you had lost your cause; because you have none to defend or to bear testimony in your favour. “Keep” but your “innocence” within, where no one can pervert thy cause. False-witness has prevailed against you before men. Will it then prevail before God, where your cause has to be pleaded? When God shall be Judge, there shall be no other witness than your own conscience. In the presence of a just judge, and of your own conscience, fear nothing but your own cause. If you have not a bad cause, you will have no accuser to dread; no false-witness to confute, nor witness to the truth to look for. Do but bring into court a good conscience, that you may say, “For in Thee, O Lord, do I hope; Thou, O Lord my God, wilt hear.”
[vers. 13.] Ergo inter haec jam transiliens, jam in quibusdam superioribus agens, haec ima contemnens, inter haec positus, Exaudi, inquit, orationem meam. De quibus gaudeam, de quibus gemam? De transactis gaudeo, pro his quae restant gemo. Exaudi orationem meam et deprecationem meam: auribus percipe lacrymas meas. Numquid enim quia tanta transilivi, quia tanta transcendi, jam non fleo? Nonne multo magis fleo? Quia qui apponit scientiam, apponit dolorem . Nonne quanto magis quod abest desidero, tanto magis donec veniat gemo, tanto magis donec veniat fleo? Nonne tanto magis, quanto magis crebrescunt scandala, quanto magis abundat iniquitas, quanto magis refrigescit charitas multorum ? Dico, Quis dabit capiti meo aquam, et oculis meis fontem lacrymarum ? Exaudi orationem meam et deprecationem meam: auribus percipe lacrymas meas. Ne sileas a me. Ne obsurdescam in aeternum. Ne sileas a me: audiam te. Occulte enim dicit Deus, multis in corde loquitur: et magnus ibi sonus in magno silentio cordis, quando magna voce dicit, Salus tua ego sum. Dic, inquit, animae meae, Salus tua ego sum . Ab hac voce, qua dicit Deus animae, Salus tua ego sum, optat ne sileatur ab illo. Ne sileas a me.
38.21 PL 36, 429
21. “For I said, Let not mine enemies ever rejoice over me. And when my feet slip, they magnify themselves against me” (ver. 16). Again He returns to the infirmity of His Body: and again the Head takes heed of Its “feet.” The Head is not in such a manner in Heaven, as to forsake what It has on earth; He evidently sees and observes us. For sometimes, as is the way of this life, our feet are “turned aside,” and they slip by falling into some sin; there the tongues of the enemy rise up with the bitterest malignity. From this then we discern what they really had in view, even while they kept silence. Then they speak with an unsparing harshness; rejoicing to have discovered what they ought to have grieved for. “And I said, Lest at any time my adversaries should rejoice over me.” I said this indeed; and yet it was perhaps for my correction that Thou hast caused them to “magnify themselves against me, when my feet slipped;” that is to say, when I stumbled, they were elated, and said many things. For pity, not insult, was due from them to the weak; even as the Apostle speaks: “Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual restore such an one in the spirit of meekness;” and he combines the reason why: “considering thyself also, lest thou also be tempted.” Not such as these were the persons of whom He speaks: “And when my feet slipped, they rejoiced greatly against me;” but they were such as those of whom He says elsewhere: “They that hate me will rejoice if I fall.”
Quoniam inquilinus ego sum apud te. Sed apud quem inquilinus? Apud diabolum cum essem, inquilinus eram, sed malum domnaedium habebam: nunc autem jam quidem apud te, sed adhuc inquilinus. Quid est, inquilinus? Unde migraturus sum, non ubi perpetuo mansurus. Ubi perpetuo sum mansurus, dicatur domus mea: unde migraturus sum, inquilinus sum: sed tamen apud Deum meum sum inquilinus, apud quem domo accepta mansurus sum. Sed quae domus est, quo migrandum est ex hoc inquilinatu? Recognoscite illam domum, de qua dicit Apostolus: Habitationem habemus ex Deo, domum non manu factam, aeternam in coelis . Si domus haec aeterna est in coelis, cum ad eam venerimus, inquilini non erimus. Quomodo enim eris inquilinus in aeterna domo? Hic autem ubi dicturus est Dominus domus, Migra, et quando dicturus est nescis, paratus esto. Desiderando autem domum aeternam paratus eris. Nec succenseas ei, quia cum vult dicit, Migra. Non enim cautionem tecum fecit, et placito quodam se obstrinxit, et conductor domus accessisti certa pensione ad certum tempus: quando vult Dominus ejus, migraturus es. Ideo enim gratis manes. Quia inquilinus ego sum apud te, et peregrinus. Ergo ibi patria, ibi domus: inquilinus apud te, et peregrinus. Et hic subauditur apud te. Multi enim peregrini sunt cum diabolo: qui autem jam crediderunt et fideles sunt, peregrini quidem sunt, quia nondum ad illam patriam domumque venerunt, sed tamen apud Deum sunt. Quamdiu enim sumus in corpore, peregrinamur a Domino: et ambimus, sive hic manentes, sive peregrinantes, placentes illi esse . Et peregrinus et inquilinus: sicut omnes patres mei. Si ergo sicut omnes patres mei, dicturus sum me non migraturum, cum illi migraverint? Alia conditione mansurus sum, quam illi manserunt?
38.22 PL 36, 430
22. “For I am prepared for the scourges” (ver. 17). Quite a magnificent expression; as if He were saying, “It was even for this that I was born; that I might suffer.” For He was not to be born, but from Adam, to whom the scourge is due. But sinners are in this life sometimes not scourged at all, or are scourged less than their deserts: because the wickedness of their heart is given over as already desperate. Those, however, for whom eternal life is prepared, must needs be scourged in this life: for that sentence is true: “My son, faint not under the chastening of the Lord, neither be weary when thou art rebuked of Him.” “For whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom He receiveth.” Let not mine enemies therefore insult over me; let “them not magnify themselves;” and if my Father scourgeth me, “I am prepared for the scourge;” because there is an inheritance in store for me. Thou wilt not submit to the scourge: the inheritance is not bestowed upon thee. For “every son” must needs be scourged. So true it is that “every son” is scourged, that He spared not even Him who had no sin. For “I am prepared for the scourges.”
[vers. 14.] Quid ergo restat ut petam, quia hinc sine dubio migraturus sum? Remitte mihi ut refrigerer priusquam eam. Vide, vide Idithun, quos nodos habeas remittendos tibi, quibus remissis refrigerari vis priusquam eas. Habes enim aliquos aestus, a quibus vis refrigerari, et dicis, Refrigerer; et dicis, Remitte mihi. Quid remittet tibi, nisi forte illum scrupulum ubi dicis, et unde dicis: Dimitte nobis debita nostra ? Remitte mihi priusquam eam, et amplius jam non ero. Immunem me fac a peccatis priusquam eam, ne cum peccatis eam. Remitte mihi, ut requiescam in conscientia mea, ut exonerata sit aestu sollicitudinis: qua sollicitudine curam gero pro peccato meo. Remitte mihi ut refrigerer, ante omnia, priusquam eam, et amplius jam non ero. Si enim mihi non remiseris ut refrigerer, ibo et non ero. Priusquam eam: quo si iero, jam non ero. Remitte mihi ut refrigerer. Est quaestio oborta, quomodo jam non erit. Ecce jam non it ad requiem? Quod avertat Deus ab Idithun! Ibit enim plane Idithun, ad requiem ibit. Sed fac aliquem iniquum, non Idithun, non transilientem; hic thesaurizantem, incubatorem, iniquum, superbum, jactantem, elatum, pauperis ante januam jacentis contemptorem: nonne et ipse erit? Quid est ergo, non ero? Si enim dives ille non erat, quis est qui ardebat? quis est qui guttam aquae de digito Lazari stillari in linguam suam desiderabat? quis est qui dicebat: Pater Abraham, mitte Lazarum ? Utique qui loqueretur erat, et qui arderet erat: et qui resurgat in finem, et qui cum diabolo aeterno igne damnetur. Quid est ergo, non ero, nisi respiciat iste Idithun, quid est esse, et non esse? Videbat enim illum finem, quo corde poterat, qua mentis acie valebat, quem sibi ostendi desideraverat dicens: Notum fac mihi, Domine, finem meum. Videbat numerum dierum suorum qui est: attendebat infra omnia quae sunt, in comparatione illius esse, non esse; et se non esse dicebat. Illa enim permanent; ista mutabilia sunt, mortalia, fragilia: et dolor ipse aeternus, plenus corruptionis, ad hoc non finitur, ut sine fine finiatur. Respexit ergo beatam illam regionem, beatam patriam, beatam domum, ubi participes sunt sancti vitae sempiternae atque incommutabilis veritatis: et timuit extra ire, ubi non est esse; ibi desiderans esse, ubi est summum esse. Propter hanc ergo comparationem inter utrumque constitutus, adhuc timens dicit: Remitte mihi, ut refrigerer priusquam eam, et amplius jam non ero. Si enim mihi non remiseris peccata, ibo in aeternum abs te. Et a quo ibo in aeternum? Ab illo qui dixit, Ego sum qui sum: ab illo qui dixit, Dic filiis Israel, Qui est misit me ad vos . Ab eo ergo qui vere est qui in contrarium pergit, ad non esse pergit.
38.23 PL 36, 431
23. “And my sorrow is continually before me.” What “sorrow” is that? Perhaps, a sorrow for my scourge. And, in good truth, my brethren, in good truth, let me say unto you, men do mourn for their scourges, not for the causes on account of which they are scourged. Not such was the person here. Listen, my brethren: If any person suffers any loss, he is more ready to say, “I did not deserve to suffer it,” than to consider why he suffered it, mourning the loss of money, not mourning over that of righteousness. If thou hast sinned, mourn for the loss of thy inward treasure. Thou hast nothing in thy house, but perhaps thou art still more empty in heart; but if thine heart is full of its Good, even thy God, why dost thou not say, “The Lord gave, the Lord hath taken away; as it pleased the Lord was it done. Blessed be the Name of the Lord.” Whence then was it that He was grieving? Was it for the “scourging” wherewith He was scourged? God forbid. “And my sorrow” (says He) “is continually before me.” And as if we were to say, “What sorrow? whence comes that sorrow?” he says: “For I declare mine iniquity; and I will have a care for my sin” (ver. 18). See here the reason for the sorrow! It is not a sorrow occasioned by the scourge; not one for the remedy, not for the wound. For the scourge is a remedy against sins. Hear, brethren; We are Christians, and yet if any one’s son dies, he mourns for him but does not mourn for him if he sins. It is then, when he sees him sinning, that he ought to make mourning for him, to lament over him. It is then he should restrain him, and give him a rule to live by; should impose a discipline upon him: or if he has done so, and the other has not taken heed, then was the time when he ought to have been mourned over; then he was more fatally dead whilst living in luxury, than when, by death, he brought his luxury to its close: at that time, when he was doing such things in thine house, he was not only “dead, but he stank also.” These things were worthy to be lamented, the others were such as might well be endured; those, I say, were tolerable, these worthy to be mourned over. They were to be mourned over in the same way that you have heard this person mourn over them: “For I declare mine iniquity. I will have a care for my sin.” Be not free from anxiety when you have confessed your sin, as if always able to confess thy sin, and to commit it again. Do thou “declare thine iniquity in such a manner, as to have a care for thy sin.” What is meant by “having a care of thy sin”? To have a care of thy wound. If you were to say, “I will have a care of my wound,” what would be meant by it, but I will do my endeavour to have it healed. For this is “to have a care for one’s sin,” to be ever struggling, ever endeavouring, ever exerting one’s self, earnestly and zealously, to heal one’s wound. Behold! thou art from day to day mourning over thy sins; but perhaps thy tears indeed flow, but thy hands are unemployed. Do alms, redeem thy sins, let the poor rejoice of thy bounty, that thou also mayest rejoice of the Grace of God. He is in want; so art thou in want also: he is in want at thy hands; so art thou also in want at God’s hand. Dost thou despise one who needs thy aid; and shall God not despise thee when thou needest His? Do thou therefore supply the needs of him who is in want of thine aid; that God may supply thy needs within. This is the meaning of, “I will have a care for my sin.” I will do all that ought to be done, to blot out and to heal my sin. “And I will have a care for my sin.”
Itaque fratres mei, etsi onerosus fui labori corporis vestri, ferte; quia et ego laboravi: et vere dico, quia istum laborem vos vobis facitis. Si enim sentirem vos fastidire quod dicitur, cito tacerem.
38.24 PL 36, 412
24. “But mine enemies live” (ver. 19). They are well off: they rejoice in worldly prosperity, while I am suffering, and “roaring with the groaning of my heart.” In what way do His enemies “live,” in that He hath said of them already, that they have “spoken vanity”? Hear in another Psalm also: “Whose sons are as young plants; firmly rooted.” But above He had said, “Whose mouth speaketh vanity. Their daughters polished after the similitude of a temple: their garners full bursting forth more and more; their cattle fat, their sheep fruitful, multiplying in their streets; no hedge falling into ruin; no cry in their streets.” “Mine enemies” then “live.” This is their life; this life they praise; this they set their hearts upon: this they hold fast to their own ruin. For what follows? They pronounce “the people that is in such a case” blessed. But what sayest thou, who “hast a care for thy sin”? What sayest thou, who “confessest thine iniquity”? He says, “Blessed is the people whose God is the Lord.”
“But mine enemies live, and are strengthened against me, and they that hate me wrongfully are multiplied.” What is “hate me wrongfully”? They hate me, who wish their good, whereas were they simply requiting evil for evil, they would not be righteous; were they not to requite with good the good done to them, they would be ungrateful: they, however, who “hate wrongfully,” actually return evil for good. Such were the Jews; Christ came unto them with good things; they requited Him evil for good. Beware, brethren, of this evil; it soon steals upon us. Let no one of you think himself to be far removed from the danger, because we said, “Such were the Jews.” Should a brother, wishing your good, rebuke you, and you hate him, you are like them. And observe, how easily, how soon it is produced; and avoid an evil so great, a sin so easily committed.
38.25 PL 36, 412
25. “They also that render evil for good, were speaking evil of me, because I have pursued the thing that is just” (ver. 20). Therefore was it that I was requited evil for good. What is meant by “pursued after the thing that is just”? Not forsaken it. That you might not always understand persecutio in a bad sense, He means by persecutus pursued after, thoroughly followed. “Because I have followed the thing that is just.” Hear also our Head crying with a lamentable voice in His Passion: “And they cast Me forth, Thy Darling, even as a dead man in abomination.” Was it not enough that He was “dead”? wherefore “in abomination” also? Because He was crucified. For this death of the Cross was a great abomination in their eyes, as they did not perceive that it was spoken in prophecy, “Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.” For He did not Himself bring death; but He found it here, propagated from the curse of the first man; and this same death of ours, which had originated in sin, He had taken upon Himself, and hung on the Tree. Lest therefore some persons should think (as some of the Heretics think), that our Lord Jesus Christ had only a false body of flesh; and that the death by which He made satisfaction on the Cross was not a real death, the Prophet notices this, and says, “Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.” He shows then that the Son of God died a true death, the death which was due to mortal flesh: lest if He were not “accursed,” you should think that He had not truly died. But since that death was not an illusion, but had descended from that original stock, which had been derived from the curse, when He said, “Ye shall surely die:” and since a true death assuredly extended even to Him, that a true life might extend itself to us, the curse of death also did extend to Him, that the blessing of life might extend even unto us. “And they cast Me forth, Thy Darling, even as a dead man in abomination.”
38.26 PL 36, 412
26. “Forsake me not, O Lord; O my God, depart not from me” (ver. 21). Let us speak in Him, let us speak through Him (for He Himself intercedeth for us), and let us say, “Forsake me not, O Lord my God.” And yet He had said, “My God! My God! why hast Thou forsaken Me?” and He now says, “O My God, depart not from Me.” If He does not forsake the body, did He forsake the Head? Whose words then are these but the First Man’s? To show then that He carried about Him a true body of flesh derived from him, He says, “My God, My God why hast Thou forsaken Me?” God had not forsaken Him. If He does not forsake Thee, who believest in Him, could the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, One God, forsake Christ? But He had transferred to Himself the person of the First Man. We know by the words of an Apostle, that “our old man is crucified with Him.” We should not, however, be divested of our old nature, had He not been crucified “in weakness.” For it was to this end that He came that we may be renewed in Him, because it is by aspiration after Him, and by following the example of His suffering, that we are renewed. Therefore that was the cry of infirmity; that cry, I mean, in which it was said, “Why hast Thou forsaken Me?” Thence was it said in that passage above, “the words of mine offences.” As if He were saying, These words are transferred to My Person from that of the sinner.
38.27 PL 36, 412
27. “Depart not from me. Make haste to help me, Lord of my salvation” (ver. 22). This is that very “salvation,” Brethren, concerning which, as the Apostle Peter saith, “Prophets have enquired diligently,” and though they have enquired diligently, yet have not found it. But they searched into it, and foretold of it; while we have come and have found what they sought for. And see, we ourselves too have not as yet received it; and after us shall others also be born, and shall find, what they also shall not receive, and shall pass away, that we may, all of us together, receive the “penny of salvation in the end of the day,” with the Prophets, the Patriarchs, and the Apostles. For you know that the hired servants, or labourers, were taken into the vineyard at different times; yet did they all receive their wages on an equal footing. Apostles, then, and Prophets, and Martyrs, and ourselves also, and those who will follow us to the end of the world, it is in the End itself that we are to receive everlasting salvation; that beholding the face of God, and contemplating His Glory, we may praise Him for ever, free from imperfection, free from any punishment of iniquity, free from every perversion of sin: praising Him; and no longer longing after Him, but now clinging to Him for whom we used to long to the very end, and in whom we did rejoice, in hope. For we shall be in that City, where God is our Bliss, God is our Light, God is our Bread, God is our Life; whatever good thing of ours there is, at being absent from which we now grieve, we shall find in Him. In Him will be that “rest,” which when we “call to remembrance” now, we cannot choose but grieve. For that is the “Sabbath” which we “call to remembrance;” in the recollection of which, so great things have been said already; and so great things ought to be said by us also, and ought never to cease being said by us, not with our lips indeed, but in our heart: for therefore do our lips cease to speak, that we may cry out with our hearts.