Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John 5
5 Chapter I. 33 PL 35, 1414
We have arrived, as the Lord hath willed it, to the day of our promise. He will grant this also, that we may arrive at the fulfillment of the promise. For then those things which we say, if they are useful to us and to you, are from Him; but those things which proceed from man are false, as our Lord Jesus Christ Himself has said, “He that speaketh a lie speaketh of his own.” No one has anything of his own except falsehood and sin. But if man has any truth and justice, it is from that fountain after which we ought to thirst in this desert, so that being, as it were, bedewed by some drops from it, and comforted in the meantime in this pilgrimage, we may not fail by the way, but reach His rest and satisfying fullness. If then “he that speaketh a lie speaketh of his own,” he who speaketh the truth speaketh of God. John is true, Christ is the Truth; John is true, but every true man is true from the Truth. If, then, John is true, and a man cannot be true except from the Truth, from whom was he true, unless from Him who said, “I am the truth”? The Truth, then, could not speak contrary to the true man, or the true man contrary to the Truth. The Truth sent the true man, and he was true because sent by the Truth. If it was the Truth that sent John, then it was Christ that sent him. But that which Christ does with the Father, the Father does; and what the Father does with Christ, Christ does. The Father does nothing apart from the Son, nor the Son anything apart from the Father: inseparable love, inseparable unity: inseparable majesty, inseparable power, according to these words which He Himself propounded, “I and my Father are one.” Who then sent John? If we say the Father, we speak truly; if we say the Son, we speak truly; but to speak more plainly, we say the Father and the Son. But whom the Father and the Son sent, one God sent; because the Son said, “I and the Father are one.” How, then, did he not know Him by whom he was sent? For he said, “I knew Him not: but He that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me.” I interrogate John: “Who sent thee to baptize with water? what did He say to thee?” “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” Is it this, O John, that He said to thee who sent thee? It is manifest that it was this; who, then, sent thee? Perhaps the Father. True God is the Father, and the Truth is God the Son: if the Father without the Son sent thee, God without the Truth sent thee; but if thou art true, because thou dost speak the truth, and dost speak of the Truth, the Father did not send thee without the Son, but the Father and the Son together sent thee. If, then, the Son sent thee with the Father, how didst thou not know Him by whom thou wast sent? He whom thou hadst seen in the Truth, Himself sent thee that He might be recognized in the flesh, and said, “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.”
2. Did John hear this that he might know Him whom he had not known, or that he might more fully know Him whom he had already known? For if he had been entirely ignorant of Him, he would not have said to Him when He came to the river to be baptized, “I have need to be baptized of Thee, and comest Thou to me?” He knew Him therefore. But when did the dove descend? When the Lord had been baptized, and was ascending from the water. But if He who sent Him said, “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost,” and he knew Him not, but when the dove descended he learned to know Him, and the time at which the dove descended was when the Lord was going up from the water; but John had known the Lord, when the Lord came to him to the water: it is made plain to us that John after a manner knew, and after a manner did not at first know the Lord. And unless we understand it so, he was a liar. How was he true acknowledging the Lord and saying, “Comest Thou to me to be baptized,” and, “I have need to be baptized of Thee”? Is he true when he said this? And how is he again true when he saith, “I knew Him not: but He that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He who baptizeth with the Holy Ghost”? The Lord was made known by a dove, not to him who knew Him not, but to him who in a manner knew Him, and in a manner knew Him not. It is for us to discover what, in Him, John did not know, and learned by the dove.
3. Why was John sent baptizing? Already, I recollect, I have explained that to you, beloved, according to my ability. For if the baptism of John was necessary for our salvation, it ought even now to be used. For we cannot think that men are not saved now, or that more are not saved now, or that there was one salvation then, another now. If Christ has been changed, the salvation has also been changed; if salvation is in Christ, and Christ Himself is the same, there is the same salvation to us. But why was John sent baptizing? Because it behoved Christ to be baptized. Wherefore did it behove Christ to be baptized? Wherefore did it behove Christ to be born? Wherefore did it behove Christ to be crucified? For if He had come to point out the way of humility, and to make Himself the way of humility; in all things had humility to be fulfilled by Him. He deigned from this to give authority to His own baptism, that His servants might know with what alacrity they ought to run to the baptism of the Lord, when He Himself did not refuse to receive the baptism of a servant. This favor was bestowed upon John that it should be called his baptism.
4. Give heed to this, exercise your discrimination, and know it, beloved. The baptism which John received is called the baptism of John: alone he received such a gift. No one of the just before him and no one after him so received a baptism that it should be called his baptism. He received it indeed, for of himself he could do nothing: for if any one speaketh of his own, he speaketh of his own a lie. And whence did he receive it except from the Lord Jesus Christ? From Him he received power to baptize whom he afterwards baptized. Do not marvel; for Christ acted in the same manner in respect to John as in respect to His mother. For concerning Christ it was said, “All things were made by Him.” If all things were made by him, Mary also was made by Him, of whom Christ was afterwards born. Give heed, beloved; in the same manner that He did create Mary, and was created by Mary, so did He give the baptism of John, and was baptized by John.
5. For this purpose therefore did He receive baptism from John, in order that, receiving what was inferior from an inferior, He might exhort inferiors to receive that which was superior. But wherefore was not He alone baptized by John, if John, by whom Christ was baptized, was sent for this end, to prepare a way for the Lord, that is, for Christ Himself? This we have already explained, but we recur to it, because it is necessary for the present question. If our Lord Jesus Christ had been alone baptized with the baptism of John;—hold fast what we say; let not the world have such power as to efface from your hearts what the Spirit of God has written there; let not the thorns of care have such power as to choke the seed which is being sown in you: for why are we compelled to repeat the same things, but because we are not sure of the memory of your hearts?—and if then the Lord alone had been baptized with the baptism of John, there would be persons who would so reckon it, that the baptism of John was greater than is the baptism of Christ. For they would say, that baptism is so much the greater, that Christ alone deserved to be baptized with it. Therefore, that an example of humility might be given us by the Lord, that the salvation of baptism might be obtained by us, Christ accepted what for Him was not necessary, but on our account was necessary. And again, lest that which Christ received from John should be preferred to the baptism of Christ, others also were permitted to be baptized by John. But for those who were baptized by John that baptism did not suffice: for they were baptized with the baptism of Christ; because the baptism of John was not the baptism of Christ. Those who receive the baptism of Christ do not seek the baptism of John; those who received the baptism of John sought the baptism of Christ. Therefore was the baptism of John sufficient for Christ. How should it not be sufficient, when not even it was necessary? For to Him was no baptism necessary; but in order to exhort us to receive His baptism, He received the baptism of His servant. And lest the baptism of the servant should be preferred to the baptism of the Lord, other fellow-servants were baptized with the baptism of the servant. But it behoved those fellow-servants who were baptized with that baptism to be likewise baptized with the baptism of the Lord: but those who were baptized with the baptism of the Lord do not require the baptism of the fellow-servant.
6. Since, then, John had accepted a baptism which may be properly called the baptism of John, but the Lord Jesus Christ would not give His baptism to any, not that no one should be baptized with the baptism of the Lord, but that the Lord Himself should always baptize: that was done, that the Lord should baptize by means of servants; that is to say, those whom the servants of the Lord were to baptize, the Lord baptized, not they. For it is one thing to baptize in the capacity of a servant, another thing to baptize with power. For baptism derives its character from Him through whose power it is given; not from him through whose ministry it is given. As was John, so was his baptism: the righteous baptism of a righteous man; but of a man who had received from the Lord that grace, and so great grace, that he was worthy to be the forerunner of the Judge, and to point Him out with the finger, and to fulfill the saying of that prophecy: “The voice of one crying in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way for the Lord.” As was the Lord, such was His baptism: the baptism of the Lord, then, was divine, because the Lord was God.
7. But the Lord Jesus Christ could, if He wished, have given power to one of His servants to give a baptism of his own, as it were, in His stead, and have transferred from Himself the power of baptizing, and assigned it to one of His servants, and have given the same power to the baptism transferred to the servant as it had when bestowed by the Lord. This He would not do, in order that the hope of the baptized might be in him by whom they acknowledged themselves to have been baptized. He would not, therefore, that the servant should place his hope in the servant. And therefore the apostle exclaimed, when he saw men wishing to place their hope in himself, “Was Paul crucified for you? or were ye baptized in the name of Paul?” Paul then baptized as a servant, not as the power itself; but the Lord baptized as the power. Give heed. He was both able to give this power to His servants, and unwilling. For if He had given this power to His servants—that is to say, that what belonged to the Lord should be theirs—there would have been as many baptisms as servants; so that, as we speak of the baptism of John, we should also have spoken of the baptism of Peter, the baptism of Paul, the baptism of James, the baptism of Thomas, of Matthew, of Bartholomew: for we spoke of that baptism as that of John. But perhaps some one objects, and says, Prove to us that that baptism was called the baptism of John. I will prove it from the very words of the Truth Himself, when He asked the Jews, “The baptism of John, whence was it? from heaven, or of men?” Therefore, lest as many baptisms should be spoken of as there are servants who received power from the Lord to baptize, the Lord kept to Himself the power of baptizing, and gave to His servants the ministry. The servant says that he baptizes; he says so rightly, as the apostle says, “And I baptized also the household of Stephanas;” but as a servant. Therefore, if even he be bad, and he happen to have the ministration of baptism, and if men do not know him, but God knows him, God, who has kept the power to Himself, permits baptism to be administered through him.
8. But this John did not know in the Lord. That He was the Lord he knew, and that he ought to be baptized by Him he knew; and he confessed that He was the Truth, and that he, the true man, was sent by the Truth: this he knew. But what was in Him which he knew not? That he was about to retain to Himself the power of His baptism, and was not to transmit or transfer it to any servant; but that, whether a good servant baptized in a ministerial manner, or whether an evil servant baptized, the person baptized should not know that he was baptized, unless by Him who kept to Himself the power of baptizing. And that you may know, brethren, what John did not know in Him, he learned it by means of the dove: for he knew the Lord; but that He was to retain to Himself the power of baptizing, and not to give it to any servant, he did not yet know. Regarding this he said, “I knew Him not.” And that you may know that he there learnt this, give heed to what follows: “But He that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He.” What same is He? The Lord? But he already knew the Lord. Suppose, then, that John had said thus far, “I knew Him not: but He that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me—” We ask, what He said? It follows: “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him.” I do not say what follows. In the meantime give heed: “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He.” But what same is He? What did He who sent me mean to teach me by means of a dove? That He was Himself the Lord. Already I knew by whom I was sent; already I knew Him to whom I said, “Comest Thou to me to be baptized? I have need to be baptized of Thee.” So far, then, did I know the Lord, that I wished to be baptized by Him, not that He should be baptized by me; and then He said to me, “Suffer it to be so now; for thus it becometh us to fulfill all righteousness.” I came to suffer; do I not come to be baptized? “Let all righteousness be fulfilled,” says my God to me. Let all righteousness be fulfilled; let me teach entire humility. I know that there will be proud ones in my future people; I know that some men then will be eminent in some grace, so that when they see ordinary persons baptized, they, because they consider themselves better, whether in continence, or in alms-giving, or in doctrine, will perhaps not deign to receive what has been received by their inferiors. It was needful that I should heal them, so that they should not disdain to come to the baptism of the Lord, because I came to the baptism of the servant.
9. Already, then, John knew this, and he knew the Lord. What then did the dove teach? What did He desire to teach by means of the dove—that is, by means of the Holy Spirit thus coming to teach who had sent him to whom He said, “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He”? Who is this He? The Lord? I know. But didst thou already know this, that the same Lord having the power to baptize, was not to give that power to any servant, but to retain it to Himself, so that all who were baptized by the ministration of the servant, should not impute their baptism to the servant, but to the Lord? Didst thou already know this? I did not know this: so what did He say to me? “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding upon Him, the same is He who baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” He does not say, “He is the Lord;” He does not say, “He is the Christ;” He does not say, “He is God;” He does not say, “He is Jesus;” He does not say, “He is the One who was born of the Virgin Mary, after thee, before thee.” This He does not say, for this John did already know. But what did he not know? That this great authority of baptism the Lord Himself was to have, and to retain to Himself, whether present in the earth or absent in body in the heaven, and present in majesty; lest Paul should say, my baptism; lest Peter should say, my baptism. Therefore see, give heed to the words of the apostles. None of the apostles said, my baptism. Although there was one gospel of all, yet thou findest that they said, my gospel: thou dost not find that they say, my baptism.
10. This, then, my brethren, John learned. What John learned by means of the dove let us also learn. For the dove did not teach John without teaching the Church, the Church to which it was said, “My dove is one.” Let the dove teach the dove; let the dove know what John learned by the dove. The Holy Spirit descended in the form of a dove. But this which John learned in the dove, wherefore did he learn it in the dove? For it behoved him to learn, and perhaps it did not so much behove him to learn as to learn by the dove. What shall I say, my brethren, concerning the dove? or when will faculty of tongue or heart suffice to speak as I wish? And perchance, my wish falls short of my duty in speaking; even if I were able to speak as I wish, how much less am I able to speak as I ought? I could wish to hear one better than myself speak this, rather than speak of it to you.
11. John learns to know Him whom he knew; but he learns in Him with regard to what he did not know; with regard to what he did know, he does not learn. And what did he know? The Lord. What did he not know? That the power of the Lord’s baptism was not to pass from the Lord to any man, but that the ministration of it plainly would do so; the power from the Lord to no one, the ministration both to good and bad. Let not the dove shrink from the ministration of the bad, but have regard to the power of the Lord. What injury does a bad servant do to you where the Lord is good? What impediment can the malicious herald put in your way if the judge is well-disposed? John learned by means of the dove this. What is it that he learned? Let him repeat it himself. “The same said unto me,” saith he, “Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending as a dove, and abiding on Him, this is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” Let not those seducers deceive thee, O dove, who say, We baptize. Acknowledge, dove, what the dove has taught: “This is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” By means of the dove we are taught that this is He; and dost thou think that thou art baptized by his authority by whose ministration thou art baptized? If thou thinkest this, thou art not as yet in the body of the dove; and if thou art not in the body of the dove, it is not to be wondered at that thou hast not simplicity; for by means of the dove, simplicity is chiefly designated.
12. Wherefore, my brethren, by the simplicity of the dove did John learn that “This is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost,” unless to show that these are not doves who have scattered the Church? Hawks they were, and kites. The dove does not tear. And thou seest that they hold us up to hatred, for the persecutions, as they call them, which they have suffered. Bodily persecutions, indeed, if they are to be so called, they have suffered, since these were the scourges of the Lord, plainly administering temporal correction, lest He should have to condemn them eternally, if they did not acknowledge it and amend themselves. They truly persecute the Church who persecute by means of deceit; they strike the heart more heavily who strike with the sword of the tongue; they shed blood more bitterly who, as far as they can, slay Christ in man. They seem to be in fear, as it were, of the judgment of the authorities. What does the authority do to thee if thou art good? but if thou art evil, fear the authority; “For he beareth not the sword in vain,” saith the apostle. Draw not the sword wherewith thou dost strike Christ. Christian, what dost thou persecute in a Christian? What did the Emperor persecute in thee? He persecuted the flesh; thou in a Christian persecutest the Spirit. Thou dost not slay the flesh. And, nevertheless, they do not spare the flesh; as many as they were able, they slew with the sword; they spared neither their own nor strangers. This is known to all. The authority is hated because it is legitimate; he acts in a hated manner who acts according to the law; he acts without incurring hatred who acts contrary to the laws. Give heed, each one of you, my brethren, to what the Christian possesses. His humanity he has in common with many, his Christianity distinguishes him from many, and his Christianity belongs to him more strictly than his humanity. For, as a Christian, he is renewed after the image of God, by whom man was made after the image of God; but as a man he might be bad, he might be a pagan, he might be an idolater. This thou dost persecute in the Christian, which is his better part; for this by which he lives thou wishest to take away from him. For he lives tempo rally according to the spirit of life, by which his body is animated, but he lives for eternity according to the baptism which he received from the Lord; thou wishest to take this away from him which he received from the Lord, this thou wishest to take away from him by which he lives. Robbers, with regard to those whom they wish to despoil, have the purpose to enrich themselves and to deprive their victims of all that they have; but thou takest from him, and with thee there will not be anything more, for there does not accrue more to thee because thou takest from him. But, truly, they do the same as those who take away the natural life: they take it away from another, and yet they themselves have not two lives.
13. What, then, dost thou wish to take away? What displeases thee in the man whom thou wishest to rebaptize? Thou art not able to give what he already has, but thou makest him deny what he has. What greater cruelty did the pagan persecutor of the Church commit? Swords were stretched out against the martyrs, wild beasts were let loose, fires were applied: for what purpose these things? In order that the sufferer might be induced to say, I am not a Christian. What dost thou teach him whom thou wishest to rebaptize, unless that he first say, I am not a Christian? For the same purpose for which the persecutor put forth the flame, thou puttest forth the tongue; thou dost by seducing what he did not do by slaying. And what is it thou dost give, and to whom art thou to give it? If he tells thee the truth, and does not lie, seduced by thee, he will say, I have. Thou askest, Hast thou baptism? I have, he says. As long as he says, I have, thou sayest, I will not give. And do not give, for that which thou wishest to give cannot cleave to me; because what I received cannot be taken away from me. But wait, nevertheless; let me see what thou wouldest teach me. Say, he said, in the first place, I have not. But this I have; if I shall say, I have not, I lie; for what I have I have. Thou hast not, he says. Teach me that I have it not. An evil man gave it to thee. If Christ is evil, an evil man did give it to me. Christ, he says, is not evil; but Christ did not give it to thee. Who then gave it to me? Reply, I know that I received it from Christ. He who gave it to thee, he says, was not Christ, but some traditor. I shall see to it who was the minister; I shall see who was the herald. Concerning the official, I do not dispute; I give heed to the Judge: and, perchance, in thy objection to the official, thou speakest falsely. But I decline to discuss it; let the Lord of both decide the cause of His own official. If, perhaps, I were to ask for proof, thou couldst give none; indeed, thou liest; it has been proved that thou wert not able to give proof. But I do not place my case on this, lest from my zealous defense of innocent men thou infer that I have placed my hope even on innocent men. Let the men be what they may, I received from Christ, I was baptized by Christ. No, he says; not Christ, but that bishop baptized thee, and that bishop communicates to them. By Christ I have been baptized, I know. How dost thou know? The dove taught me, which John saw. O evil kite, thou mayest not tear me from the bowels of the dove. I am numbered among the members of the dove, because what the dove taught, this I know. Thou sayest to me, This man or that baptized thee: by means of the dove it is said to me and to thee, “This is He which baptizeth.” Which shall I believe, the kite or the dove?
14. Tell me certainly, that thou mayest be confounded by that lamp by which also were the former enemies confounded, who were like to thee, the Pharisees, who, when they questioned the Lord by what authority He did those things: “I also,” said He, “will ask you this question, Tell me, the baptism of John, whence is it? from heaven, or of men?” And they, who were preparing to spread their wiles, were entangled by the question, and began to debate with themselves, and say, “If we shall answer, It is from heaven, He will say unto us, Wherefore did ye not believe him?” For John had said of the Lord, “Behold the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world!” Why then do you inquire by what authority I act? O wolves, what I do, I do by the authority of the Lamb. But that you may know the Lamb, why do you not believe John, who said, “Behold the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world”? They, then, knowing what John had said regarding the Lord, said among themselves, “If we shall say that John’s baptism is from heaven, He will say unto us, Wherefore then did ye not believe him? If we shall say, It is of men, the people will stone us; for they hold John as a prophet.” Hence, they feared men; hence, they were confounded to confess the truth. Darkness replied with darkness; but they were overcome by the light. For what did they reply? “We know not;” regarding that which they knew, they said, “We know not.” And the Lord said, “Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.” And the first enemies were confounded. How? By the lamp. Who was the lamp? John. Can we prove that he was the lamp? We can prove it; for the Lord says: “He was a burning and a shining lamp.” Can we prove also that the enemies were confounded by him? Listen to the psalm: “I have prepared,” he says, “a lamp for my Christ. His enemies I will clothe with shame.”
15. As yet, in the darkness of this life, we walk by the lamp of faith: let us hold also to the lamp John, and let us confound by him the enemies of Christ; indeed, let Christ Himself confound His own enemies by His own lamp. Let us put the question which the Lord put to the Jews, let us ask and say, “The baptism of John, whence is it? from heaven, or of men?” What will they say? Mark, if they are not as enemies confounded by the lamp. What will they say? If they shall say, Of men, even their own will stone them; but if they shall say, From heaven, let us say to them, Wherefore, then, did ye not believe him? They perhaps say, We believe him. Wherefore, then, do you say that you baptize, when John says, “This is He which baptizeth”? But it behoveth, they say, the ministers of so great a Judge who baptize, to be righteous. And I also say, and all say, that it behoveth the ministers of so great a Judge to be righteous; let the ministers, by all means, be righteous if they will; but if they will not be righteous who sit in the seat of Moses, my Master made me safe, of whom His Spirit said, “This is He which baptizeth.” How did He make me safe? “The scribes and the Pharisees,” He says, “sit in Moses’ seat: what they say, do; but what they do, that do not ye: for they say, and do not.” If the minister is righteous, I reckon him with Paul, I reckon him with Peter; with those I reckon righteous ministers: because, in truth, righteous ministers seek not their own glory; for they are ministers, they do not wish to be thought judges, they abhor that one should place his hope on them; therefore, I reckon the righteous minister with Paul. For what does Paul say? “I have planted, Apollos watered; but God gave the increase. Neither is he that planteth anything, nor he that watereth; but God who giveth the increase.” But he who is a proud minister is reckoned with the devil; but the gift of Christ is not contaminated, which flows through him pure, which passes through him liquid, and comes to the fertile earth. Suppose that he is stony, that he cannot from water rear fruit; even through the stony channel the water passes, the water passes to the garden beds; in the stony channel it causes nothing to grow, but nevertheless it brings much fruit to the gardens. For the spiritual virtue of the sacrament is like the light: both by those who are to be enlightened is it received pure, and if it passes through the impure it is not stained. Let the ministers be by all means righteous, and seek not their own glory, but His glory whose ministers they are; let them not say, The baptism is mine; for it is not theirs. Let them give heed unto John. Behold, John was full of the Holy Spirit; and he had his baptism from heaven, not from men; but how long had he it? He said himself, “Prepare ye the way for the Lord.” But when the Lord was known, Himself became the way; there was no longer need for the baptism of John to prepare the way for the Lord.
16. What, however, are they accustomed to say against us? “Behold, after John, baptism was given.” For before that question was properly treated in the Catholic Church, many erred in it, both great and good men; but because they were members of the dove, they did not cut themselves off, and in their case that happened which the apostle said, “If in any thing ye are otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto you.” Whence those who separated themselves became unteachable. What then are they wont to say? Behold, after John baptism was given; after heretical baptism is it not to be given? because certain who had the baptism of John were commanded by Paul to be baptized, for they had not the baptism of Christ. Why then, say they, dost thou exaggerate the merit of John, and, as it were, underrate the misery of heretics? I also grant to you that the heretics are wicked; but the heretics gave the baptism of Christ, which baptism John did not give.
17. I go back to John, and say, “This is he which baptizeth.” For John is better than a heretic, just as John is better than a drunkard, as John is better than a murderer. If we ought to baptize after the worse because the apostles baptized after the better, whosoever among them were baptized by a drunkard,—I do not say by a murderer, I do not say by the satellite of some wicked man, I do not say by the robber of other men’s goods, I do not say by the oppressor of orphans, or a separater of married persons; I speak of none of these; I speak of what happens every year, of what happens every day; I speak of what all are called to, even in this city, when it is said to them, Let us play the part of the irrational, let us have pleasure, and on such a day as this of the calends of January we ought not to fast: these are the things I speak of, these trifling everyday proceedings;—when one is baptized by a drunkard, who is better? John or the drunkard? Reply, if thou canst, that the drunkard is better than John! This thou wilt never venture to do. Do you then, as a sober man, baptize after thy drunkard. For if the apostles baptized after John, how much more ought the sober to baptize after the drunkard? Or dost thou say, the drunkard is in unity with me? Was not John then, the friend of the Bridegroom, in unity with the Bridegroom?
18. But I say to thee thyself, whoever thou art, Art thou better than John? Thou wilt not venture to say: I am better than John. Then let thine own baptize after thee if they are better. For if baptism was administered after John, blush that baptism is not administered after thee. Thou wilt say, But I have and teach the baptism of Christ. Acknowledge, then, now the Judge, and do not be a proud herald. Thou givest the baptism of Christ, therefore baptism is not administered after thee: after John it was administered, because he gave not the baptism of Christ, but his own; for he had in such manner received it that it was his own. Thou art then not better than John: but the baptism given through thee is better than that of John; for the one is Christ’s, but the other is that of John. And that which was given by Paul, and that which was given by Peter, is Christ’s; and if baptism was given by Judas it was Christ’s. Judas gave baptism and after Judas baptism was not repeated; John gave baptism, and baptism was repeated after John: because if baptism was given by Judas, it was the baptism of Christ; but that which was given by John, was John’s baptism. We prefer not Judas to John; but the baptism of Christ, even when given by the hand of Judas, we prefer to the baptism of John, rightly given even by the hand of John. For it was said of the Lord before He suffered, that He baptized more than John; then it was added: “Howbeit, Jesus Himself baptized not, but His disciples.” He, and not He: He by power, they by ministry; they performed the service of baptizing, the power of baptizing remained in Christ. His disciples, then, baptized, and Judas was still among his disciples: and were those, then, whom Judas baptized not again baptized; and those whom John baptized were they again baptized? Plainly there was a repetition, but not a repetition of the same baptism. For those whom John baptized, John baptized; those whom Judas baptized, Christ baptized. In like manner, then, they whom a drunkard baptized, those whom a murderer baptized, those whom an adulterer baptized, if it was the baptism of Christ, were baptized by Christ. I do not fear the adulterer, the drunkard, or the murderer, because I give heed unto the dove, through whom it is said to me, “This is He which baptizeth.”
19. But, my brethren, it is madness to say that—I will not say Judas—but that any man was better than he of whom it was said, that “Among those that are born of women, there hath not arisen a greater than John the Baptist.” No servant then is preferred to him; but the baptism of the Lord, even when given through an evil servant, is preferred to the baptism even of a servant who was a friend. Listen to the sort of persons whom the Apostle Paul mentions, false brethren, preaching the word of God through envy, and what he says of them: “And I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice.” They proclaimed Christ, through envy indeed, but still they proclaimed Christ. Consider not the why, but the whom: through envy is Christ preached to thee. Behold Christ, avoid envy. Do not imitate the evil preacher, but imitate the Good One who is preached to thee. Christ then was preached by some out of envy. And what is envy? A shocking evil. By this evil was the devil cast down; this malignant pest it was which cast him down; and certain preachers of Christ were possessed by it, whom, nevertheless, the apostle permitted to preach. Wherefore? Because they preached Christ. But he who envies, hates; and he who hates, what is said concerning him? Listen to the Apostle John: “He who hateth his brother is a murderer.” Behold, after John baptism was given, after a murderer baptism was not given; because John gave his own baptism, the murderer gave the baptism of Christ. That sacrament is so sacred that not even the ministration of a murderer pollutes it.
20. I do not reject John, but rather I believe John. In what do I believe John? In that which he learned through the dove? What did he learn through the dove? “This is He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” Now therefore, brethren, hold this fast and impress it upon your hearts; for if I would more fully explain to-day, Wherefore through the dove? time fails. For I have, I think, to some extent made plain to you, holy brethren, that a matter which had to be learned was instilled into John by means of the dove, a matter with regard to Christ which John did not know, although he already knew Christ; but why it behoved this matter to be pointed out by means of the dove, I would say, were it possible to say it briefly: but because it would take long to say, and I am unwilling to burden you, since I have been helped by your prayers to perform my promise; with the renewed help of your pious attention and good wishes, it will likewise become clear to you, wherefore John with regard to that matter which he learned regarding the Lord, namely, that it is “He which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost,” and that to none of His servants had he transferred the power of baptizing—why this it became him not to learn except through the dove.
Sicut Dominus voluit, ad diem promissionis nostrae pervenimus: praestabit etiam hoc, ut ad ipsius promissionis redditionem pervenire possimus. Tunc enim ea quae dicimus, et nobis et vobis si utilia sunt, ab ipso sunt: quae autem ab homine sunt, mendacia sunt; sicut ipse dixit Dominus noster Jesus Christus, Qui loquitur mendacium, de suo loquitur . Nemo habet de suo, nisi mendacium et peccatum. Si quid autem homo habet veritatis atque justitiae, ab illo fonte est, quem debemus sitire in hac eremo, ut ex eo quasi guttis quibusdam irrorati, et in hac peregrinatione interim consolati, ne deficiamus in via, venire ad ejus requiem satietatemque possimus. Si ergo qui loquitur mendacium, de suo loquitur; qui loquitur veritatem, de Deo loquitur. Verax Joannes, veritas Christus; verax Joannes, sed omnis verax a veritate verax est: si ergo verax est Joannes, et verax esse homo non potest, nisi a veritate; a quo erat verax, nisi ab eo qui dixit, Ego sum veritas ? Non ergo, posset dicere, aut veritas contra veracem, aut verax contra veritatem. Veracem veritas misit; et ideo verax erat, quoniam a veritate missus erat. Si veritas Joannem miserat, Christus eum miserat. Sed quod Christus cum Patre facit, Pater facit: et quod Pater cum Christo facit, Christus facit. Nec seorsum Pater aliquid facit sine Filio; nec seorsum aliquid Filius sine Patre: inseparabilis charitas, inseparabilis unitas, inseparabilis majestas, inseparabilis potestas, secundum haec verba quae ipse posuit, Ego et Pater unum sumus . Quis ergo misit Joannem? Si dicamus, Pater, verum dicimus; si dicamus, Filius, verum dicimus: manifestius autem ut dicamus, Pater et Filius. Quem misit autem Pater et Filius, unus Deus misit; quia Filius dixit, Ego et Pater unum sumus. Quomodo ergo nesciebat eum a quo missus est? Dixit enim, Ego nesciebam eum; sed qui me misit baptizare in aqua, ipse mihi dixit. Interrogo Joannem, Qui te misit baptizare in aqua, quid tibi dixit? Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, sicut columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto. Hoc tibi, o Joannes, dixit qui te misit? Manifestum quia hoc. Quis ergo te misit? Forte Pater. Verus Deus Pater, et veritas Deus Filius: si Pater sine Filio te misit, Deus sine veritate te misit: si ideo autem verax es, quia veritatem loqueris, et ex veritate loqueris; non te misit Pater sine Filio, sed simul te misit pater et Filius: si ergo et Filius te misit cum Patre, quomodo nesciebas eum a quo missus es? Quem videras in veritate, ipse te misit ut agnosceretur in carne, et dixit, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem sicut columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto.
Hoc audivit Joannes, ut nosset eum quem non noverat, an ut plenius nosset quem jam noverat? Si enim omni ex parte non nosset, non venienti ad fluvium ut baptizaretur diceret, Ego a te debeo baptizari, et tu venis ad me ? noverat ergo. Quando autem columba descendit? Jam baptizato Domino, et ab aqua ascendente. At si ille qui eum misit, dixit, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem sicut columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto; et non noverat eum, sed columba descendente cognovit eum; columba vero tunc descendit, quando Dominus ab aqua ascendit; tunc autem cognoverat Joannes Dominum, quando ad eum Dominus ad aquam veniebat: manifestatur nobis quia Joannes secundum aliquid noverat, secundum aliquid nondum noverat Dominum. Nisi autem hoc intellexerimus, mendax erat. Quomodo erat verax agnoscens, qui dicit, Tu ad me venis baptizari, et ego a te debeo baptizari? Verax est cum hoc dicit? Et quomodo rursus verax est cum dicit, Ego non noveram eum; sed qui misit me baptizare in aqua, ipse mihi dixit, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem sicut columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto? Innotuit per columbam Dominus, non ei qui se non noverat, sed ei qui in eo aliquid noverat, aliquid non noverat. Nostrum est ergo quaerere quid in eo Joannes nondum noverat, et per columbam didicit.
Quare missus est Joannes baptizans? Jam memini me quantum potui dixisse Charitati vestrae. Si enim baptismus Joannis necessarius erat saluti nostrae; et modo debuit exerceri. Non enim modo non salvantur homines, aut non modo plures salvantur, aut alia tunc salus erat, et alia modo. Si mutatus est Christus, mutata est et salus: si salus in Christo est, et idem ipse Christus est, eadem nobis salus est. Sed quare missus est Joannes baptizans? Quia oportebat baptizari Christum. Quare oportebat baptizari Christum? Quare oportuit nasci Christum? quare oportuit crucifigi Christum? Si enim viam humilitatis demonstraturus advenerat, et seipsum facturus ipsam humilitatis viam; in omnibus ab eo implenda erat humilitas. Auctoritatem dare baptismo suo hinc dignatus est, ut cognoscerent servi quanta alacritate deberent currere ad baptismum Domini, quando ipse non dedignatus est suscipere baptismum servi. Donatum enim erat hoc Joanni, ut ipsius baptismus diceretur.
Hoc attendat, et distinguat, et noverit Charitas vestra. Baptismus quem accepit Joannes, baptismus Joannis dictus est: solus tale donum accepit: nullus ante illum justorum, nullus post illum, ut acciperet baptismum, qui baptismus illius diceretur. Accepit quidem; non enim a se posset aliquid: si enim a se quis loquitur, mendacium de suo loquitur. Et unde accepit, nisi a Domino Jesu Christo? Ab illo ut baptizare posset accepit, quem postea baptizavit. Nolite mirari: sic enim hoc fecit Christus in Joanne, quomodo quiddam fecit in matre. De Christo enim dictum est, Omnia per ipsum facta sunt : si omnia per ipsum, et Maria per ipsum facta est, de qua postea natus est Christus. Intendat Charitas vestra, Quomodo creavit Mariam, et creatus est per Mariam; sic dedit baptismum Joanni, et baptizatus est a Joanne.
Ad hoc ergo accepit baptismum a Joanne, ut accipiens quod inferius erat ab inferiore, ad id quod superius erat hortaretur inferiores. Sed quare non solus ipse baptizatus est a Joanne, si ad hoc missus erat Joannes, per quem baptizaretur Christus, ut pararet viam Domino, id est ipsi Christo? Et hoc jam diximus; sed commemoramus, quia necessarium est praesenti quaestioni. Si solus Dominus noster Jesus Christus baptizatus esset baptismate Joannis: tenete quod dicimus; non tantum valeat saeculum, ut deleat e cordibus vestris quod ibi scripsit Spiritus Dei; non tantum valeant spinae curarum, ut effocent semen quod seminatur in vobis: quare enim cogimur eadem repetere, nisi quia de memoria cordis vestri securi non sumus? si ergo solus Dominus baptizatus esset baptismo Joannis, non deessent qui sic eum haberent, ut putarent baptismum Joannis majorem esse, quam est baptismus Christi. Dicerent enim: Usque adeo illud baptisma majus est, ut solus Christus eo baptizari meruisset. Ergo ut daretur nobis a Domino exemplum humilitatis, ad percipiendam salutem baptismatis, Christus suscepit quod ei opus non erat, sed propter nos opus erat. Et rursus, ne hoc ipsum quod accepit a Joanne Christus, praeponeretur baptismati Christi, permissi sunt et alii baptizari a Joanne. Sed qui baptizati sunt a Joanne, non eis suffecit: baptizati sunt enim baptismo Christi; quia non baptismus Christi erat baptismus Joannis. Qui accipiunt baptismum Christi, baptismum Joannis non quaerunt: qui acceperunt baptismum Joannis, baptismum Christi quaesierunt. Ergo Christo suffecit baptismus Joannis. Quomodo non sufficeret, quando nec ipse erat necessarius? Illi enim nullus baptismus erat necessarius; sed ad hortandos nos ad baptismum suum, suscepit baptismum servi. Et ne praeponeretur baptismus servi baptismo Domini, baptizati sunt alii baptismate conservi. Sed qu baptizati sunt baptismate conservi, oportebat ut baptizarentur baptismate Domini: qui autem baptizantur baptismate Domini, non opus habent baptismate conservi.
Quoniam ergo acceperat Joannes baptismum, qui proprie Joannis diceretur; Dominus autem Jesus Christus noluit baptismum suum alicui dare, non ut nemo baptizaretur baptismo Domini, sed ut semper ipse Dominus baptizaret: id actum est, ut et per ministros Dominus baptizaret, id est, ut quos ministri Domini baptizaturi erant, Dominus baptizaret, non illi. Aliud est enim baptizare per ministerium, aliud baptizare per potestatem. Baptisma enim tale est, qualis est ille in cujus potestate datur; non qualis est ille per cujus ministerium datur. Talis erat baptismus Joannis, qualis Joannes: baptismus justus tanquam justi, tamen hominis; sed qui acceperat a Domino istam gratiam, et tantam gratiam, ut dignus esset praeire judicem, et eum digito ostendere, et implere vocem prophetiae illius, Vox clamantis in deserto, parate viam Domino . Tale autem baptisma Domini, qualis Dominus: ergo baptisma Domini divinum, quia Dominus Deus.
Potuit autem Dominus Jesus Christus, si vellet, dare potestatem alicui servo suo, ut daret baptismum suum tanquam vice sua, et transferre a se baptizandi potestatem, et constituere in aliquo servo suo, et tantam vim dare baptismo translato in servum, quantam vim haberet baptismus datus a Domino. Hoc noluit ideo, ut in illo spes esset baptizatorum, a quo se baptizatos agnoscerent. Noluit ergo servum ponere spem in servo. Ideoque clamabat Apostolus, cum videret homines volentes ponere spem in seipso: Numquid Paulus pro vobis crucifixus est? aut in nomine Pauli baptizati estis ? Baptizavit ergo Paulus tanquam minister, non tanquam ipsa potestas: baptizavit autem Dominus tanquam potestas. Intendite. Et potuit hanc potestatem servis dare, et noluit. Si enim daret hanc potestatem servis, id est, ut ipsorum esset quod Domini erat, tot essent baptismi quot essent servi; ut quomodo dictum est baptisma Joannis, sic diceretur baptisma Petri, sic baptisma Pauli, sic baptisma Jacobi, baptisma Thomae, Matthaei, Bartholomaei: illud enim baptisma Joannis dictum est. Sed forte aliquis resistit, et dicit: Proba nobis quia illud baptisma Joannis dictum est. Probabo, ipsa Veritate dicente, quando interrogavit Judaeos, Baptisma Joannis unde est? de coelo, an ex hominibus ? Ergo ne tot baptismata dicerentur, quot essent servi qui baptizarent accepta potestate a Domino; sibi tenuit Dominus baptizandi potestatem, servis ministerium dedit. Dicit se servus baptizare; recte dicit, sicut Apostolus dicit, Baptizavi autem et Stephanae domum : sed tanquam minister. Ideo si sit et malus, et contingat illi habere ministerium, et si eum homines non norunt, et Deus cum novit: permittit Deus baptizari per eum, qui sibi tenuit potestatem.
Hoc autem Joannes non noverat in Domino. Quia Dominus erat, noverat; quia ab ipso debebat baptizari, noverat: et confessus est quia veritas erat ille, et ille verax missus a veritate; hoc noverat. Sed quid in eo non noverat? Quia sibi retenturus erat baptismatis sui potestatem, et non eam transmissurus et translaturus in aliquem servum: sed sive baptizaret in ministerio servus bonus, sive baptizaret in ministerio servus malus, non sciret se ille qui baptizaretur baptizari, nisi ab illo qui sibi tenuit baptizandi potestatem. Et ut noveritis, fratres, quia hoc in illo non noverat Joannes, et hoc didicit per columbam: Dominum enim noverat, sed eum baptizandi sibi potestatem retenturum, et nulli servo eam daturum, nondum noverat; secundum hoc dixit, Et ego nesciebam eum. Et ut noveritis quia ibi hoc didicit, attendite sequentia: Sed qui misit me baptizare in aqua, ipse mihi dixit, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, quasi columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est. Quid ipse est? Dominus. Sed jam noverat Dominum. Ergo putate huc usque dixisse Joannem, Ego non noveram eum; sed qui me misit baptizare in aqua, ipse mihi dixit. Quaerimus quid dixerit? Sequitur, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, quasi columbam, et manentem super eum. Non dico sequentia; interim attendite: Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, tanquam columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est. Sed quid ipse est? quid me voluit per columbam docere qui me misit? Quia ipse erat Dominus? Jam noveram a quo missus eram: jam noveram eum cui dixi, Tu ad me venis baptizari? ego a te debeo baptizari: usque adeo ergo noveram Dominum, ut ego ab eo vellem baptizari, non ut a me ipse baptizaretur: et tunc mihi dixit, Sine modo; impleatur omnis justitia ; pati veni, baptizari non venio? impleatur omnis justitia, ait mihi Deus meus; impleatur omnis justitia, doceam plenam humilitatem: novi superbientes in futuro populo meo, novi aliquos in aliqua excellentiori gratia futuros homines, ut cum viderint idiotas aliquos baptizari, illi quia meliores sibi videntur, sive continentia, sive eleemosynis, sive doctrina, dedignentur isti fortasse accipere quod illi inferiores acceperunt; oportet ut sanem eos, ut non dedignentur venire ad baptisma Domini, quia ego veni ad baptisma servi.
Jam ergo hoc noverat Joannes, et noverat Dominum. Quid ergo docuit columba? quid voluit per columbam, id est, per Spiritum sanctum sic venientem docere, qui miserat eum, cui ait, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, tanquam columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est? Quis ipse est? Dominus. Novi. Sed numquid hoc jam noveras, quia Dominus iste baptizandi habens potestatem, eam potestatem nulli servo daturus est, sed sibi eam retenturus est, ut omnis qui baptizatur per servi ministerium, non imputet servo, sed Domino? numquid hoc jam noveras? Non hoc noveram: adeo quid mihi dixit? Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem tanquam columbam, et manentem super eum, ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto. Non ait, Ipse est Dominus; non ait, ipse est Christus; non ait, ipse est Deus; non ait, ipse est Jesus; non ait, ipse est qui natus est de virgine Maria, posterior te, prior te: non ait hoc; jam enim hoc noverat Joannes. Sed quid non noverat? Tantam potestatem Baptismi ipsum Dominum habiturum et sibi retenturum, sive praesentem in terra, sive absentem corpore in coelo et praesentem majestate, sibi retenturum Baptismi potestatem: ne Paulus diceret, Baptismus meus; ne Petrus diceret, Baptismus meus. Ideo videte, intendite voces Apostolorum. Nemo Apostolorum dixit, Baptismus meus. Quamvis unum omnium esset Evangelium, tamen invenis dixisse, Evangelium meum: non invenis dixisse, Baptisma meum.
Hoc ergo didicit Joannes, fratres mei. Quod didicit Joannes per columbam, discamus et nos. Non enim columba Joannem docuit, et Ecclesiam non docuit, cui Ecclesiae dictum est, Una est columba mea . Columba doceat columbam; noverit columba quod Joannes didicit per columbam. Spiritus sanctus in specie columbae descendit. Hoc autem quod discebat Joannes in columba, quare in columba didicit? Oportebat enim ut disceret: nec hoc forte oportebat, nisi ut per columbam disceret. Quid dicam de columba, fratres mei? aut quando mihi sufficit facultas vel cordis vel linguae, dicere quomodo volo? Et forte non digne volo quomodo dicendum est; nec si tamen possum dicere quomodo volo: quanto minus quomodo dicendum est? Ego a meliore hoc audire vellem, non vobis dicere.
Discit Joannes eum quem noverat: sed in eo discit in quo eum non noverat; in quo noverat non discit. Et quid noverat? Dominum. Quid non noverat? Potestatem dominici baptismi in nullum hominem a Domino transituram, sed ministerium plane transiturum: potestatem a Domino in neminem, ministerium et in bonos et in malos. Non exhorreat columba ministerium malorum, respiciat Domini potestatem. Quid tibi facit malus minister, ubi bonus est Dominus? Quid te impedit malitiosus praeco, si est benevolus judex? Joannes didicit per columbam hoc. Quid est quod didicit? Ipse repetat: Ipse mihi dixit, inquit, Super quem videris Spiritum descendentem, tanquam columbam, et manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto. Non ergo te decipiant, o columba, seductores, qui dicunt, Nos baptizamus. Columba, agnosce quid docuit columba. Hic est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto. Per columbam discitur quia hic est; et tu ejus potestate putas te baptizari, cujus ministerio baptizaris? Si hoc putas, nondum es in corpore columbae; et si non es in corpore columbae, non mirandum quia simplicitatem non habes. Simplicitas enim maxime per columbam designatur.
Quare per simplicitatem columbae didicit Joannes, quia hic est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto, fratres mei, nisi quia columbae non erant qui Ecclesiam dissipaverunt? Accipitres erant, milvi erant. Non laniat columba. Et vides illos invidiam nobis facere, quasi de persecutionibus quas passi sunt. Corporales quidem passi quasi persecutiones, cum essent flagella Domini manifeste dantis disciplinam ad tempus, ne damnet in aeternum, si eam non cognoverint, seque correxerint. Illi vere persequuntur Ecclesiam, qui dolis persequuntur; illi gravius cor feriunt, qui linguae gladio feriunt; illi acerbius sanguinem fundunt, qui Christum, quantum in ipsis est, in homine occidunt. Perterriti videntur quasi judicio potestatum. Quid tibi facit potestas, si bonus es? Si autem malus es, time potestatem: Non enim frustra gladium portat, dicit Apostolus . Tuum gladium noli educere, quo percutis Christum. Christiane, quid tu persequeris in christiano? quid in te persecutus est imperator? Carnem persecutus est; tu in christiano spiritum persequeris. Non occidis tu carnem. Et tamen nec carni parcunt: quotquot potuerunt caedendo necaverunt; nec suis nec alienis pepercerunt. Notum est hoc omnibus. Invidiosa est potestas, quia legitima est: invidiose facit, qui jure facit: sine invidia facit, qui praeter leges facit. Attendat unusquisque vestrum, fratres mei, quid habeat christianus. Quod homo est, commune cum multis: quod christianus est, secernitur a multis; et plus ad illum pertinet quod christianus, quam quod homo. Nam quod christianus, renovatur ad imaginem Dei, a quo homo factus est ad imaginem Dei, : quod autem homo, posset et malus, posset et paganus, posset et idololatra. Hoc tu persequeris in christiano, quod melius habet: hoc enim illi vis auferre unde vivit. Vivit enim temporaliter secundum spiritum vitae, quo corpus animatur; vivit autem ad aeternitatem secundum Baptisma quod accepit a Domino: hoc illi vis tollere, quod accepit a Domino; hoc illi vis tollere unde vivit. Latrones eos quos volunt exspoliare, sic volunt, ut ipsi plus habeant, et illi nihil habeant: tu et tollis huic, et apud te non erit plus; non enim plus tibi fit, quia huic tollis. Sed vere hoc faciunt, quod hi qui tollunt animam; et alteri tollunt, et ipsi duas animas non habent.
Quid ergo vis auferre? Unde tibi displicet quem vis rebaptizare? Dare non potes quod jam habet, sed facis negare quod habet. Quid acerbius faciebat paganus, persecutor Ecclesiae? Exserebantur gladii adversus martyres, emittebantur bestiae, ignes admovebantur: utquid ista? Ut diceret qui ista patiebatur, Non sum christianus. Quid doces tu eum quem vis rebaptizare, nisi ut primo dicat, Non sum christianus? Ad quod aliquando persecutor proferebat flammam, ad hoc tu producis linguam: seducendo facis quod ille occidendo non fecit. Et quid est quod daturus es, et cui daturus es? Si tibi verum dicat, et non seductus a te mentiatur, dicturus est, Habeo. Interrogas, Habes Baptisma? Habeo, dicit. Quamdiu habeo dicit, inquis, non sum daturus. Et noli dare: quod enim vis dare, haerere in me non potest; quia quod accepi, auferri a me non potest. Sed tamen exspecta; videam quid me vis docere. Dic, inquit, primo, Non habeo. Sed hoc habeo: si dixero, Non habeo, mentior; quod enim habeo, habeo. Non habes, inquit. Doce quia non habeo. Malus tibi dedit. Si malus Christus, malus mihi dedit. Non, inquit, malus Christus: sed non tibi Christus dedit. Quis ergo mihi dedit? responde: ego me a Christo scio accepisse. Dedit tibi, inquit, sed traditor nescio quis, non Christus. Videro quis fuerit minister, videro quis fuerit praeco; de officiali non disputo, judicem attendo: et forte quod objicis officiali, mentiris: sed nolo discutere; causam officialis sui cognoscat Dominus amborum: forte si exigam ut probes, non probas; imo mentiris: probatum est te probare non potuisse: sed non ibi pono causam meam, ne cum studiose coepero defendere homines innocentes, putes me spem meam vel in hominibus innocentibus posuisse: fuerint homines qualeslibet, ego a Christo accepi, ego a Christo baptizatus sum. Non, inquit, sed ille episcopus te baptizavit, et ille episcopus illis communicat. A Christo sum baptizatus, ego novi. Unde nosti? Docuit me columba quam vidit Joannes. O milve male, non me dilanias a visceribus columbae: in columbae membris numeror; quia quod columba docuit, hoc novi. Tu mihi dicis, Ille te baptizavit, aut ille te baptizavit; per columbam mihi et tibi dicitur, Hic est qui baptizat: cui credo, milvo, an columbae?
Certe tu mihi dic, ut per illam lucernam confundaris, qua confusi sunt et priores inimici, pares tui pharisaei, qui cum interrogarent Dominum, in qua potestate ista faceret: Interrogabo et ego vos, inquit, istum sermonem, Dicite mihi, Baptisma Joannis unde est? de coelo an ex hominibus? Et illi qui praeparabant jaculari dolos, irretiti sunt quaestione, coeperunt volvere apud semetipsos, et dicere, Si dixerimus quia de coelo est, dicturus est nobis, Quare non credidistis ei? Joannes enim dixerat de Domino, Ecce Agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit peccatum mundi . Quid ergo quaeritis, in qua potestate facio? O lupi, in potestate Agni facio quod facio. Sed ut nossetis Agnum, quare non credidistis Joanni, qui dixit, Ecce Agnus Dei, ecce qui tollit peccatum mundi? Scientes ergo illi quid dixisset Joannes de Domino, dixerunt apud se, Si dixerimus quia de coelo est baptismus Joannis, dicet nobis, Quare ergo non credidistis ei? Si dixerimus quia ex hominibus est, lapidabimur a populo; quia prophetam habent Joannem. Hinc timebant homines, hinc veritatem fateri confundebantur. Tenebrae tenebras responderunt, sed a luce superatae sunt. Quid enim responderunt? Nescimus: quod sciebant, dixerunt, nescimus. Et Dominus, nec ego vobis dico, inquit, in qua potestate ista facio . Et confusi sunt primi inimici. Unde? De lucerna. Quis erat lucerna? Joannes. Probamus quia lucerna erat? Probamus. Dominus enim dicit: Ille erat lucerna ardens et lucens . Probamus quia et de ipso confusi sunt inimici? Psalmum audi: Paravi, inquit, lucernam Christo meo; inimicos ejus induam confusione .
Adhuc in hujus vitae tenebris ad lucernam fidei ambulamus: teneamus et nos lucernam Joannem, confundamus et inde inimicos Christi; imo ipse confundat inimicos suos per lucernam suam. Interrogemus et nos quod Dominus Judaeos, interrogemus et dicamus, Baptisma Joannis unde est? de coelo, an ex hominibus? Quid dicturi sunt, videte, si non et ipsi tanquam inimici de lucerna confunduntur. Quid dicturi sunt? Si dixerint, Ex hominibus; et ipsi sui eos lapidabunt: si autem dixerint, De coelo; dicamus eis, Quare ergo non credidistis ei? Dicunt fortasse, Credimus ei. Quomodo ergo dicitis quia vos baptizatis, et Joannes dicit, Hic est qui baptizat? Sed ministros, inquiunt, tanti judicis justos oportet esse, per quos baptizatur. Et ego dico, et omnes dicimus, quia justos oportet esse tanti judicis ministros: sint ministri justi, si volunt; si autem noluerint esse justi qui cathedram Moysi sedent, securum me fecit magister meus, de quo Spiritus ejus dixit, Hic est qui baptizat. Quomodo securum me fecit? Scribae, inquit, et Pharisaei cathedram Moysi sedent; quae dicunt, facite; quae autem faciunt, facere nolite: dicunt enim, et non faciunt . Si fuerit minister justus, computo illum cum Paulo, cumputo illum cum Petro; cum istis computo justos ministros: quia vere justi ministri gloriam suam non quaerunt; ministri enim sunt, pro judicibus haberi nolunt, spem in se poni exhorrescunt: ergo computo cum Paulo justum ministrum. Quid enim dicit Paulus? Ego plantavi, Apollo rigavit; sed Deus incrementum dedit: neque qui plantat est aliquid, neque qui rigat; sed qui incrementum dat Deus . Qui vero fuerit superbus minister, cum zabulo computatur: sed non contaminatur donum Christi, quod per illum fluit purum, quod per illum transit liquidum venit ad fertilem terram. Puta quia ipse lapideus est, quia ex aqua fructum ferre non potest: et per lapideum canalem transit aqua, transit aqua ad areolas; in canali lapideo nihil generat, sed tamen hortis plurimum fructum affert. Spiritualis enim virtus Sacramenti ita est ut lux: et ab illuminandis pura excipitur, et si per immundos transeat, non inquinatur. Sint plane ministri justi, et gloriam suam non quaerant, sed illius cujus ministri sunt: non dicant, Baptisma meum est; quia non est ipsorum. Attendant ipsum Joannem. Ecce Joannes plenus erat Spiritu sancto; et baptismum de coelo habebat, non ex hominibus: sed quatenus habebat? Ipse dixit, Parate viam Domino . Ubi autem cognitus est Dominus, ipse factus est via; non jam opus erat baptismate Joannis, quo pararetur via Domino.
Tamen quid nobis solent dicere? Ecce post Joannem baptizatum est. Antequam enim bene ista quaestio tractaretur in Ecclesia catholica, multi in ea erraverunt, et magni et boni: sed quia de membris columbae erant, non se praeciderunt, et factum est in eis quod dixit Apostolus, Si quid aliter sapitis, hoc quoque vobis Deus revelabit . Unde isti qui se separaverunt, indociles facti sunt. Quid ergo solent dicere? Ecce post Joannem baptizatum est; post haereticos non baptizatur? Quia quidam qui habebant baptisma Joannis, jussi sunt a Paulo baptizari : non enim habebant baptisma Christi. Quid ergo exaggeras meritum Joannis, et quasi abjicis infelicitatem haereticorum? Et ego tibi concedo sceleratos esse haereticos: sed haeretici baptisma Christi dederunt, quod baptisma non dedit Joannes.
Recurro ad Joannem, et dico: Hic est qui baptizat. Sic enim melior Joannes quam haereticus, quomodo melior Joannes quam ebriosus, quomodo melior Joannes quam homicida. Si post deteriorem baptizare debemus, quia post meliorem baptizarunt Apostoli; quicumque apud ipsos baptizati fuerint ab ebrioso, non dico ab homicida, non dico a satellite alicujus scelerati, non dico a raptore rerum alienarum, non dico ab oppressore pupillorum, non a separatore conjugum; nihil horum dico: quod solemne est dico, quod quotidianum est dico, quo vocantur omnes dico, et in ista civitate, quando eis dicitur, Alogiemus, bene sit nobis, et tali die festo Januariarum non debes jejunare; ea dico levia, quotidiana: ab ebrioso homine cum baptizatur, quis est melior, Joannes an ebriosus? Responde, si potes, quod ebriosus tuus melior sit quam Joannes: nunquam hoc audebis. Ergo tu quia sobrius es, baptiza post ebriosum tuum. Si enim post Joannem baptizaverunt Apostoli, quanto magis debet post ebriosum sobrius baptizare? An dicis, In unitate mecum est ebriosus? Ergo Joannes amicus sponsi, non erat in unitate cum sponso?
Sed tibi ipsi dico, quisquis es: Tu es melior, an Joannes? Non audebis dicere: Ego sum melior quam Joannes. Ergo post te baptizent tui, si te fuerint meliores. Si enim post Joannem baptizatum est, erubesce quia post te non baptizatur. Dicturus es, Sed ego baptismum Christi habeo, et docco. Aliquando ergo agnosce judicem, et noli praeco superbus esse. Baptismum Christi das, ideo non post de baptizatur: post Joannem ideo baptizatum est, quia non Christi baptismum dabat, sed suum; quia sic acceperat ut ipsius esset. Non ergo tu melior quam Joannes: sed baptismus qui per te datur, melior quam Joannis. Ipse enim Christi est, iste autem Joannis. Et quod dabatur a Paulo, et quod dabatur a Petro, Christi est: et si datum est a Juda, Christi erat. Dedit Judas, et non baptizatum est post Judam; dedit Joannes, et baptizatum est post Joannem: quia si datus est a Juda baptismus, Christi erat; qui autem a Joanne datus est, Joannis erat. Non Judam Joanni, sed baptismum Christi etiam per Judae manus datum, baptismo Joannis etiam per manus Joannis dato recte praeponimus. Etenim dictum est de Domino antequam pateretur, quia baptizabat plures quam Joannes: deinde adjunctum est, Quamvis ipse non baptizaret, sed discipuli ejus . Ipse, et non ipse: ipse potestate, illi ministerio; servitutem ad baptizandum illi admovebant, potestas baptizandi in Christo permanebat. Ergo baptizabant discipuli ejus, et ibi adhuc erat Judas inter discipulos ejus: quos ergo baptizavit Judas, non sunt iterum baptizati; et quos baptizavit Joannes, iterum baptizati sunt? Plane iterum, sed non iterato baptismo. Quos enim baptizavit Joannes, Joannes baptizavit: quos autem baptizavit Judas, Christus baptizavit. Sic ergo quos baptizavit ebriosus, quos baptizavit homicida, quos baptizavit adulter, si baptismus Christi erat, Christus baptizavit. Non timeo adulterum, non ebriosum, non homicidam; quia columbam attendo, per quam mihi dicitur, Hic est qui baptizat.
Caeterum, fratres mei, delirum est dicere quia melioris meriti fuit, non dico Judas, sed quilibet hominum, quam ille de quo dictum est, In natis mulierum nemo exsurrexit major Joanne Baptista . Non ergo huic quisquam servus, sed baptisma Domini etiam per servum malum datum, baptismati etiam amici servi praeponitur. Audi quales commemorat apostolus Paulus falsos fratres, invidia praedicantes verbum Dei, et quid de illis dicit: Et in hoc gaudeo, sed et gaudebo. Christum enim annuntiabant, per invidiam quidem, sed tamen Christum . Non per quid, sed quem vide: per invidiam tibi praedicatur Christus? vide Christum, vita invidiam. Noli imitari malum praedicatorem, sed imitare bonum qui tibi praedicatur. Christus ergo a quibusdam per invidiam praedicabatur. Et quid est invidere? Horrendum malum. Ipso malo zabolus dejectus est, ipsum dejecit multum maligna pestis: et habebant illam quidam Christi praedicatores, quos tamen praedicare permittit Apostolus. Quare? Quia Christum praedicabant. Qui autem invidet, odit; et qui odit, quid de illo dicitur? Audi apostolum Joannem: Qui odit fratrem suum, homicida est . Ecce post Joannem baptizatum est, post homicidam non baptizatum est; quia Joannes dedit baptismum suum, homicida dedit baptismum Christi. Quod Sacramentum tam sanctum est, ut nec homicida ministrante polluatur.
Non respuo Joannem, sed potius credo Joanni. Quid credo Joanni? Quod didicit per columbam. Quid didicit per columbam? Hic est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto. Jam ergo, fratres, tenete hoc, et cordibus vestris infigite. Si enim hodie voluero plenius dicere quare per columbam, tempus non sufficit. Quia enim res discenda insinuata est Joanni per columbam, quam non noverat in Christo Joannes, quamvis jam nosset Christum, exposui quantum arbitror Sanctitati vestrae: sed quare hanc ipsam rem per columbam oportuit demonstrari, si breviter dici posset, dicerem: sed quia diu dicendum est, et onerare vos nolo, quomodo adjutus sum orationibus vestris, ut illud quod promisi, implerem; adjuvante etiam atque etiam pia intentione et votis bonis, et illud apparebit vobis, quare Joannes quod didicit in Domino, quia ipse est qui baptizat in Spiritu sancto, et nulli servo suo translegavit potestatem baptizandi, non debuit discere nisi per columbam.