The citie of Ceila oppugned by the Philistijms is releeued by Dauid. 7. Who fearing to be there betrayed, 13. fleeth into the desert of Ziph. 16. Ionathas repayreth secretly to him, and they confirme againe their former league. 19. The Ziphians promise to betray Dauid: 27. but Saul leaueth for a while to persecute him, being forced to defend the land from the Philistians inuading it.
1And they told David, saying: Behold the Philistines fight against Ceila, and they rob the barns.E fu significato, e detto a David: Ecco che i Filistei assediano Ceila, e saccheggiano le aie.AND they told Dauid, saying: Behold the Philistijms oppugne Ceila, and spoyle the barnes.Et annuntiaverunt David, dicentes: Ecce Philisthiim oppugnant Ceilam et diripiunt areas. 2Therefore David consulted the Lord, saying: Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the Lord said to David: Go, and thou shalt smite the Philistines, and shalt save Ceila.Davidde adunque consultò il Signore, dicendo: Anderò io, e vincerò io questi Filistei? E il Signore disse a David: Va, vincerai i Filistei, e salverai Ceila.Dauid therefore consulted our Lord, saying: Shal I goe, and strike these Philistians? And our Lord sayd to Dauid: Goe, and thou shalt strike the Philistians, and shalt saue Ceila.Consuluit ergo David Dominum, dicens: Num vadam, et percutiam Philisthæos istos ? Et ait Dominus ad David: Vade, et percuties Philisthæos, et Ceilam salvabis. 3And the men that were with David, said to him: Behold we are in fear here in Judea, how much more if we go to Ceila against the bands of the Philistines?Ma la gente che era con David gli dissero: Tu vedi, come noi stando qui nella Giudea abbiam paura: quanto più se andremo a Ceila contro la squadra dei Filistei?And the men that were with Dauid, sayd to him: Behold we resting here in Iurie are afrayd, how much more if we shal goe into Ceila against the bandes of the Philistians?Et dixerunt viri qui erant cum David ad eum: Ecce nos hic in Judæa consistentes timemus: quanto magis si ierimus in Ceilam adversum agmina Philisthinorum ? 4Therefore David consulted the Lord again. And he answered and said to him: Arise, and go to Ceila: for I will deliver the Philistines into thy hand.David adunque consultò di bel nuovo il Signore, il quale rispose a lui, e disse: Parti, e va a Ceila: perocchè io darò i Filistei nelle tue mani.Againe therefore Dauid consulted our Lord. Who answering sayd to him: Arise, and goe into Ceila: for I wil deliuer the Philistians in thy hand.Rursum ergo David consuluit Dominum. Qui respondens, ait ei: Surge, et vade in Ceilam: ego enim tradam Philisthæos in manu tua. 5David, therefore, and his men, went to Ceila, and fought against the Philistines, and brought away their cattle, and made a great slaughter of them: and David saved the inhabitants of Ceila.Andò adunque Davidde con sua gente a Ceila, e combattè contro i Filistei, e ne fece strage grande, e menò via i loro giumenti, e salvò David gli abitanti di Ceila.Dauid therefore, and his men, went into Ceila, and fought against the Philistians, and droue away their beastes, and stroke them with a great slaughter, and Dauid saued the inhabitantes of Ceila.Abiit ergo David et viri ejus in Ceilam, et pugnavit adversum Philisthæos: et abegit jumenta eorum, et percussit eos plaga magna: et salvavit David habitatores Ceilæ.
6Now at that time, when Abiathar, the son of Achimelech, fled to David, to Ceila, he came down, having an ephod with him.Or quando Abiathar figliuolo di Achimelech si rifuggì presso David a Ceila, vi andò portando con sé l'Ephod.Moreouer at that time, when Abiathar the sonne of Achimelech fled to Dauid into Ceila, he went downe hauing with him an ephod.Porro eo tempore quo fugiebat Abiathar filius Achimelech ad David in Ceilam, ephod secum habens descenderat. 7And it was told Saul that David was come to Ceila: and Saul said: The Lord hath delivered him into my hands, and he is shut up, being come into a city that hath gates and bars.E fu dato avviso a Saul, come David era andato a Ceila, e disse: Iddio lo ha dato nelle mie mani; egli è chiuso, essendo entrato in una città che ha porte e serrature.And it was told Saul that Dauid was come into Ceila: and Saul sayd: Our Lord hath deliuered him into my handes, and he is shut vp being entered the citie, wherein are gates and lockes.Nuntiatum est autem Sauli quod venisset David in Ceilam: et ait Saul: Tradidit eum Deus in manus meas, conclususque est introgressus urbem, in qua portæ et seræ sunt. 8And Saul commanded all the people to go down to fight against Ceila, and to besiege David and his men.E Saul comandò a tutto il popolo che partisse verso Ceila per combattere, e che assediasse David, e la sua gente.And Saul commanded al the people, that they should goe downe into Ceila to fight, and beseige Dauid, and his men.Et præcepit Saul omni populo ut ad pugnam descenderet in Ceilam, et obsideret David et viros ejus. 9Now when David understood that Saul secretly prepared evil against him, he said to Abiathar, the priest: Bring hither the ephod.E David, quand'ebbe inteso, come Saul preparava segretamente la sua rovina, disse ad Abiathar sacerdote: Porta qua l'Ephod.Which when Dauid vnderstood, that Saul secretly prepared euils against him, he sayd to Abiathar the priest: Applie the Ephod.Quod cum David rescisset quia præpararet ei Saul clam malum, dixit ad Abiathar sacerdotem: Applica ephod. 10And David said: O Lord God of Israel, thy servant hath heard a report, that Saul designeth to come to Ceila, to destroy the city for my sake:E disse David: Signore Dio d'Israele, il tuo Servo ha sentito dire che Saul si dispone a venire a Ceila per rovinare la città per causa mia.And Dauid sayd: Lord God of Israel, thy seruant hath heard a bruite, that Saul determineth to come into Ceila, to destroy the citie for me:Et ait David: Domine Deus Israël, audivit famam servus tuus, quod disponat Saul venire in Ceilam, ut evertat urbem propter me:
11Will the men of Ceila deliver me into his hands? and will Saul come down, as thy servant hath heard? O Lord God of Israel, tell thy servant. And the Lord said: He will come down.Gli abitanti di Ceila mi darann'eglino nelle sue mani? E Saul verrà egli, come ha sentito dire il tuo servo? Signore Dio d'Israele, dà lume al tuo servo. E il Signore disse: Ei verrà.Wil the men of Ceila deliuer me into his handes? and wil Saul come downe, as thy seruant hath heard? Lord God of Israel tel thy seruant. And our Lord sayd: He wil come downe.si tradent me viri Ceilæ in manus ejus ? et si descendet Saul, sicut audivit servus tuus ? Domine Deus Israël, indica servo tuo. Et ait Dominus: Descendet. 12And David said: Will the men of Ceila deliver me and my men into the hands of Saul? And the Lord said: They will deliver thee up.E disse David: Gli abitanti di Ceila darann'eglino me, e la gente che è meco nelle mani di Saul? E il Signore disse: Vi daranno.And Dauid said: Wil the men of Ceila deliuer me, and the men that are with me, into the handes of Saul? And our Lord sayd: They wil deliuer thee.Dixitque David: Si tradent me viri Ceilæ, et viros qui sunt mecum, in manus Saul ? Et dixit Dominus: Tradent. 13Then David and his men, who were about six hundred, arose, and departing from Ceila, wandered up and down, uncertain where they should stay: and it was told Saul that David was fled from Ceila, and had escaped: wherefore he forbore to go out.Si mosse allora David, e i circa secento uomini di sua gente, e partiti da Ceila andavano qua e là girando irresoluti. E fu portata la nuova a Saul, come David era fuggito da Ceila, e si era salvato: per la qual cosa fece finta di non più muoversi.Dauid therefore arose and his men about six hundred, and going out of Ceila, wandered hither and thither vncertaine: and it was told Saul that Dauid was fled from Ceila, and was saued: for which cause he dissembled to goe forth.Surrexit ergo David et viri ejus quasi sexcenti, et egressi de Ceila, huc atque illuc vagabantur incerti: nuntiatumque est Sauli quod fugisset David de Ceila, et salvatus esset: quam ob rem dissimulavit exire. 14But David abode in the desert in strong holds, and he remained in a mountain of the desert of Ziph, in a woody hill. And Saul sought him always: but the Lord delivered him not into his hands.Ma Davidde se ne stava nel deserto in luoghi sicurissimi, e abitò sulla montagna del deserto di Ziph, montagna ombrosa: ma Saul cercava mai sempre di lui: e il Signore nol diede nelle sue mani.But Dauid abode in the desert in most strong places, and he taried in the mount of the desert Ziph, in a shadowed hil. Saul notwithstanding sought him alwayes: and our Lord deliuered him not into his handes.Morabatur autem David in deserto in locis firmissimis, mansitque in monte solitudinis Ziph, in monte opaco: quærebat eum tamen Saul cunctis diebus, et non tradidit eum Deus in manus ejus.
15And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life. And David was in the desert of Ziph, in a wood.E David avea saputo, come Saul si era mosso per torgli la vita. Ma David se ne stava nel Deserto di Ziph in una boscaglia.And Dauid saw that Saul was gone forth to seeke his life. Moreouer Dauid was in the desert Ziph, in a wood.Et vidit David quod egressus esset Saul ut quæreret animam ejus. Porro David erat in deserto Ziph in silva. 16And Jonathan, the son of Saul, arose, and went to David, into the wood, and strengthened his hands in God: and he said to him:Ma Gionata figliuolo di Saul parti, e andò a trovare David alla boscaglia, e ravvivò la sua fermezza in Dio, e gli disse:And Ionathas the sonne of Saul arose, and went to Dauid into the wood, and strengthened his handes in God: and sayd to him:Et surrexit Jonathas filius Saul, et abiit ad David in silvam, et confortavit manus ejus in Deo: dixitque ei: 17Fear not: for the hand of my father, Saul, shall not find thee, and thou shalt reign over Israel, and I shall be next to thee; yea and my father knoweth this.Non temere; perocché Saul mio padre non ti metterà addosso le mani, e tu regnerai sopra Israele, e io sarò il tuo secondo: e ben sa ciò anche Saul padre mio.Feare not: for neither shal the hand of Saul my father finde thee, and thou shalt reigne ouer Israel, and I shal be second to thee, yea and my father knoweth this.Ne timeas: neque enim inveniet te manus Saul patris mei, et tu regnabis super Israël, et ego ero tibi secundus: sed et Saul pater meus scit hoc. 18And they two made a covenant before the Lord: and David abode in the wood: but Jonathan returned to his house.E fermaron tutti due alleanza dinanzi al Signore: e David rimase nel bosco, e Gionata tornò a casa sua.Both therefore made a league before our Lord: And Dauid abode in the wood: but Ionathas returned into his house.Percussit ergo uterque fœdus coram Domino: mansitque David in silva, Jonathas autem reversus est in domum suam. 19And the Ziphites went up to Saul, in Gabaa, saying: Lo, doth not David lie hid with us in the strong holds of the wood, in mount Hachila, which is on the right hand of the desert.Ma gli Ziphei andarono a trovar Saul in Gabaa, e gli dissero: Non sai tu che David sta fuggiasco presso di noi ne' luoghi più forti della selva sul colle di Hachila, che sta alla destra del deserto?And the Zeipheites went vp vnto Saul in Gabaa, saying: Loe doth not Dauid lye hid with vs in the most safe places of the wood, in the Hil Hachila, which is on the right hand of the desert?Ascenderunt autem Ziphæi ad Saul in Gabaa, dicentes: Nonne ecce David latitat apud nos in locis tutissimis silvæ, in colle Hachila, quæ est ad dexteram deserti ?
20Now therefore come down, as thy soul hath desired to come down: and it shall be our business to deliver him into the king’s hands.Ora pertanto come tu avevi voglia di venire, vieni: e toccherà a noi il pensiero di darlo nelle mani del re.Now therefore, as thy soule hath desired, come downe: & it shal be our charge to deliuer him into the kinges handes.Nunc ergo, sicut desideravit anima tua ut descenderes, descende: nostrum autem erit ut tradamus eum in manus regis. 21And Saul said: Blessed be ye of the Lord, for you have pitied my case.E Saul disse: Benedetti voi dal Signore, che avete avuta pietà della mia sorte.And Saul sayd: Blessed be ye of our Lord, because you haue pitied my case.Dixitque Saul: Benedicti vos a Domino, quia doluistis vicem meam. 22Go, therefore, I pray you, and use all diligence, and curiously inquire, and consider the place where his foot is, and who hath seen him there: for he thinketh of me, that I lie craftily in wait for him.Andate adunque, ve ne prego, e ponete ogni diligenza, e informatevi con premura maggiore, e assicuratevi del luogo dov'ei posa il piede, e di chi ivi l'abbia veduto perocchè egli sta in sospetto di me, che io astutamente gli tenda agguati.Goe therefore I pray you, and prepare diligently, and deale curiously, and consider the place, where his foote is, and who hath seene him there, for he thinketh of me, that I craftely lye in waite for him.Abite ergo, oro, et diligentius præparate, et curiosius agite, et considerate locum ubi sit pes ejus, vel quis viderit eum ibi: recogitat enim de me, quod callide insidier ei. 23Consider, and see all his lurking holes, wherein he is hid, and return to me with the certainty of the thing, that I may go with you. And if he should even go down into the earth to hide himself, I will search him out in all the thousands of Juda.Procurate di sapere, e di osservare tutti i suoi nascondigli, dov'ei si ritira, e tornate a me con notizie sicure, affinchè io venga con voi. Che se egli si nasconderà anche sotterra, lo andrò cercando io con tutte le schiere di Giuda.Consider and see al his lurking holes, wherein he is hid, and returne to me with the certeintie of the thing, that I may goe with you. Yea and if he shal stoppe vp himselfe into the earth, I wil search him out among al the thousandes of Iuda.Considerate, et videte omnia latibula ejus in quibus absconditur: et revertimini ad me ad rem certam, ut vadam vobiscum. Quod si etiam in terram se abstruserit, perscrutabor eum in cunctis millibus Juda.
24And they arose, and went to Ziph before Saul: and David and his men were in the desert of Maon, in the plain at the right hand of Jesimon.E quelli partirono, e andarono a Ziph innanzi a Saul: ma David, e i suoi erano nel deserto di Maon nella pianura alla destra di Jesimon.But they rising went into Ziph before Saul: and Dauid and his men were in the desert Maon, in the champaine country at the right hand of Iesimon.At illi surgentes abierunt in Ziph ante Saul: David autem et viri ejus erant in deserto Maon, in campestribus ad dexteram Jesimon. 25Then Saul and his men went to seek him: and it was told David, and forthwith he went down to the rock, and abode in the wilderness of Maon: and when Saul had heard of it, he pursued after David in the wilderness of Maon.Andò adunque Saul colla sua gente in cerca di lui: e David ne ebbe avviso, e subito si ritirò sul masso del deserto di Maon, dove abitava. E Saul avutane notizia andò in traccia di David nel deserto di Maon.Saul therefore and his companie went to seeke him: and it was told Dauid, and forthwith he went downe to the rocke, and abode in the desert Maon, which when Saul had heard, he pursued Dauid in the desert Maon.Ivit ergo Saul et socii ejus ad quærendum eum. Et nuntiatum est David: statimque descendit ad petram, et versabatur in deserto Maon: quod cum audisset Saul, persecutus est David in deserto Maon. 26And Saul went on this side of the mountain: and David and his men were on the other side of the mountain: and David despaired of being able to escape from the face of Saul: and Saul and his men encompassed David and his men round about, to take them.E Saul andava costeggiando il monte da una parte: e David, e i suoi erano accanto al monte dall'altra parte: e David non avea speranza di poter fuggire dalle mani di Saul; perocché Saul, e la sua gente avea fatto come un cerchio intorno a David e a' suoi per farli prigioni.And Saul went at the side of the mountaine on the one part: and Dauid and his men were in the side of the mountaine on the other part: moreouer Dauid despayred that he could escape, from the face of Saul: Saul therefore and his men in maner of a ring, compassed Dauid and his men, to take them.Et ibat Saul ad latus montis ex parte una: David autem et viri ejus erant in latere montis ex parte altera. Porro David desperabat se posse evadere a facie Saul: itaque Saul et viri ejus in modum coronæ cingebant David et viros ejus, ut caperent eos. 27And a messenger came to Saul, saying: Make haste to come, for the Philistines have poured in themselves upon the land.Ma arrivò a Saul un messo che disse: Affrettati, e vieni, perocché i Filistei hanno inondato il paese.And a messenger came to Saul, saying: Make hast, and come, because the Philistijms haue powred in themselues vpon the land.Et nuntius venit ad Saul, dicens: Festina, et veni, quoniam infuderunt se Philisthiim super terram.
28Wherefore Saul returned, leaving the pursuit of David, and went to meet the Philistines. For this cause they called that place the rock of division.Allora Saul, lasciando di tener dietro a David, se ne tornò indietro, e andò a far fronte a' Filistei: per questo fu dato a quel luogo il nome di Pietra di separazione.Saul therefore returned leauing of to pursew Dauid, and he went to meete the Philistians. for this cause, they called that place, the Rocke diuiding.Reversus est ergo Saul desistens persequi David, et perrexit in occursum Philisthinorum: propter hoc vocaverunt locum illum, Petram dividentem.
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Year of the World 2945, Year before Christ 1059.
Barns. The floors were composed of earth and the dregs of oil, made into a sort of mortar, so that rain, mice, etc., could not hurt them. (Cato 91 and 129.)
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Judea, in the midst of the country, remote from the Philistines; and in a forest, where Saul cannot so easily attack us, as in a city.
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Calmet
Again, in the presence of his soldiers. (Calmet)
Menochius
Thus Gedeon requested a double miracle of the Lord, to encourage his men. (Menochius)
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An ephod, or the ephod. That is, the vestment of the high priest, with the Urim and Thummim, by which the Lord gave his oracles.
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Haydock
Bars. This was what David's men apprehended. Saul thinks this is a fit opportunity for taking them all prisoners; and he supposes that God was on his side, though, after his repeated crimes, he had little reason to flatter himself with hopes of this nature. The wicked, however, easily delude themselves. (Haydock)
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Calmet
People, in the neighbourhood. It is hardly probable that all Israel should be put in motion to take a few men. (Calmet)
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Menochius
Secretly. He might have pretended that the armament was against the Philistines. (Menochius)
Calmet
Ephod. Some say that David put it on. But this was the privilege of the high priest, who gave the answer to David's consultation, which he might perhaps repeat after him. (Calmet)
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Worthington
Up. God had only answered the first question before. He now informs David, that it is the intention of the men of Ceila to deliver him into the hands of Saul, who was preparing to attack their city, and that he would inevitably fall into his hands, (Calmet) if he did not retire. (Worthington)
Haydock
God sees contingent events with the same certainty as those which will really take place. (Haydock)
Tirinus
The people of Ceila could not have justly delivered up the innocent David, but they might have insisted that he should quit their city, to save it from destruction; or they might have forced him. (Scholastic) (Tirinus)
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Eusebio † 339 d.C.
Ziph, eight miles east of Hebron, (St. Jerome) towards the southern Carmel. (Eusebius)
Menochius
Abdias (ver. 3) takes notice of the clefts of the rocks of Edom. St. Jerome says, this mountain was "dark and cloudy." (Menochius)
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Calmet
In God exceedingly, reminding him of God's promises. (Calmet)
Haydock
He hoped to see David king, and himself next to him in power. (Haydock)
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Next, in dignity; thy helper and associate. See Ecclesiastes 4:8, 11.
Menochius
This, our league, (Calmet) or the decree appointing David to be king. (Menochius)
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St. Jerome
Lord, Gad or Abiathar being present. (St. Jerome)
Menochius
This is the third time they had confirmed their alliance, to satisfy their love. (Menochius)
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Du Hamel
Hand, to the south. (Du Hamel)
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Haydock
Him, and therefore will be upon his guard. (Haydock)
Calmet
Syriac, "because I am told he is crafty." (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "because Saul said, lest this crafty man should exert all his art;" or, "lest he should be very cunning." (Haydock)
Vatable
Saul foreboded that he would again elude his pursuit. (Vatable)
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And if. Hebrew, "if he be in the land, I will."
Du Hamel
Thousands; the cities, or with all the troops. (Du Hamel)
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Other side, to the south.
Salien
Despaired, without the divine assistance. (Salien)
Haydock
Hebrew nechpaz, "feared, or (Du Hamel) made haste to flee." Septuagint, "David was screened to depart." He used all possible precautions not to fall into Saul's hands, though he knew he should succeed him. He might still experience some fear of ill treatment. (Haydock)
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Calmet
Division, as it alone had been between the two rivals. Saul was obliged to leave the place, though he and his men were in suspense what to do. (Calmet)
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An ephod.... Or the ephod. That is, the vestment of the high priest, with the urim and thummim, by which the Lord gave his oracle.
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By this it appeareth that Dauid consulted God by the high priest. and the high priest for this purpose ioyned the priestlie ornament called Ephod to the Rationale, and so had reuelatiō from God. Exo 18. Leuit. 8.
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Conditionally: If thou •arie here.
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san Giovanni Crisostomo † 407 d.C. Homilies on Philippians 5
… 15 .) Would you see humility? listen to Paul again, when he says, “For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus’ sake.” ( 2 Cor. iv. 5 .) Would you see both flattery and audacity? “Audacity” ( 1 Sam. xxv. 10 .) in the case of Nabal, and “flattery” (
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san Gregorio Nazianzeno † 389 d.C. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen 3
… To Thee, I think, are fitting those words, “The lot is fallen unto Thee in a fair ground: yea Thou hast the goodliest heritage.” Nor will I allow that the most populous cities or the broadest flocks have any advantage over us, the little ones of the smallest of all the tribes of Israel, of the least of the thousands of Judah,
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1. PHILISTIIM OPPUGNANT CEILAM. — «Ceilam, ait S. Hieronymus, Eusebius et Adrichomius in Locis Hebr., est civitas in tribu Juda, olim sedes Davidis; estque nunc parvum oppidum dictum Ceila, ad Orientem Eleutheropoleos euntibus versus Hebron, ad octavum fere lapidem. In eo sepulcrum Habacuc prophetae monstratur.» ET DIRIPIUNT AREAS. — Vatablus, horrea, id est diripiunt messem et frumenta in areis et horreis reposita.
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2. CONSULUIT ERGO DAVID DOMINUM, per Abiathar Pontificem ad se profugum, ut patet vers. 6.
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5. ET SALVAVIT DAVID HABITATORES CEILAE, quasi contribules et cives suos; erant enim utrique ex tribu Juda. David ergo hic coronam civicam meruit, liberando suos cives a Philisteis, ideoque mox post mortem Saulis, David a tribu Juda in regem evectus est, II Reg. ii.
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6. EPHOD SECUM HABENS, q. d. Abiathar fugiens Saulem venit ad Davidem portans vestem Pontificiam, in qua erat Ephod cum Urim et Tummim, ut, patre Achimelech jam a Saule occiso, ei succederet in Pontificatu, ac per Ephod Deum pro Davide consuleret.
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9. DIXIT AD ABIATHAR SACERDOTEM: APPLICA EPHOD, id est explica et indue te Ephod, ut per ejus Urim et Tummim Dominum consulas de eo quod agere debeam in tanto periculo et tam praesenti Saulis persecutione. Unde Abiathar Hebraice idem est quod pater inquisitionis vel contemplationis, quia ipse orando consuluit Dominum, ejusque voluntatem et consilium pro Davidis salute exploravit. Vide hic pietatem Davidis erga Deum, quatenus in angustiis ad Deum confugit; erga concives suos Ceilitas, quatenus eos a Philisteis liberat; et erga Saulem, quatenus ejus furori cedit ut subditus, non resistens ei, sed parcens, etiam cum eum in manibus haberet, cap. xxiv, 5.
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12. SI TRADENT ME VIRI CEILAE, etc., IN MANUS SAUL? ET DIXIT DOMINUS: TRADENT, certo et infallibiliter. Talis enim est scientia et praescientia Dei; cum humana sit incerta et fallibilis, ideoque saepe eventu fallatur. Hinc Suarez, Vasquez, Molina aliique insignes Theologi colligunt Deum scire futura contingentia non tantum absoluta, sed etiam conditionata; nempe quid ego facturus essem si essem in Jerusalem, Alexandriae, Antiochiae, etc., datis talibus circumstantiis et conditionibus, etiamsi illae conditiones nunquam ponantur in esse. Sic enim hic Deus praescivit et praedixit Ceilitas tradituros fuisse Davidem, etiam contribulem et liberatorem suum, Sauli, prae metu ne ab eo occiderentur, ut fuerant occisi cives Nobe; quamvis reipsa non tradiderint, quia David audiens a Deo se tradendum ab eis, proditionem praevenit et fugit.
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15. PORRO DAVID ERAT IN DESERTO ZIPH IN SILVA. — «Ziph» erat civitas in tribu Juda, sita in monte nemoroso et opaco, dumis et arboribus sterilibus consita. Prope civitatem erat ergo «desertum Ziph» — nemorosum, dumetis et virgultis consitum, feris et ibicibus pervium, speluncis et specubus plenum, et valde cavernosum, in quibus David vagus et profugus a facie Saulis delituit et abscondit se. Ita Brocardus, Bredenbachius et Adrichomius.
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16. ET SURREXIT JONATHAS FILIUS SAUL, ET ABIIT AD DAVID IN SILVAM, ET CONFORTAVIT MANUS EJUS IN DEO. — Chaldaeus, in verbo Domini, quia scilicet Deus dixerat et praedixerat Davidem Sauli in regnum successurum, cum eum per Samuelem in regem unxerat, q. d. Jonathas jussit Davidem esse bono et forti animo, quia Deum habebat protectorem, contra quem Saul nihil poterat. «Manus» ergo hic significat robur et fortitudinem tam animi quam corporis; haec enim manibus exercentur et exhibentur.
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19. ASCENDERUNT AUTEM ZIPHAEI AD SAUL, nuntiantes ei Davidem apud se latere, seque illum in manus ejus tradituros. Vide hic quomodo omnes Judaei persequuntur Davidem, sicut Christum antitypum ejus persecuti sunt. Tunc David ad unicum desolatorum asylum, nempe ad Deum confugiens, composuit Psalmum 54: «Deus, in nomine tuo salvum me fac, etc. Quoniam alieni insurrexerunt adversum me, et fortes quaesierunt animam meam.»
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23. REVERTIMINI AD ME AD REM CERTAM, re certo comperta, quam mihi nuntiare possitis: ubi scilicet lateat David et quomodo a me capi possit; ne incertus aberrem, et frustra magno sumptu et cum detrimento famae meae exercitum educam.
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25. SAUL PERSECUTUS EST DAVID IN DESERTO MAON. — «Maon,» ut ait S. Hieronymus in Locis Hebr., et ex eo Adrichomius, erat civitas in tribu Juda, sita in campis ad dexteram Jesimon, spectans Orientem versus meridiem. Prope civitatem erat desertum nemorosum speluncis plenum, in quibus David delituit. Confine est deserto Carmeli et deserto Pharan.
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26. DAVID DESPERABAT SE POSSE EVADERE A FACIE SAUL, sua virtute et sapientia; sperabat tamen se Dei ope evasurum. Sciebat enim se a Deo unctum in regem, ut Sauli in regnum succederet.
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27. ET NUNTIUS VENIT AD SAUL DICENS: FESTINA ET VENI, QUONIAM INFUDERUNT SE PHILISTIIM SUPER TERRAM. — Vide hic quam opportune Deus suis fidelibus in angustiis succurrat, eosque e periculis liberet; quod vulgo dicitur deus ex machina. Unde Philo, a Judaeis missus ad Imperatorem Gaium, ne eos cogeret ipsum ut deum colere, cum a Gaio contemneretur, conversus ad socios dixit: «Bono animo estote, amici; nam Dei auxilium tum maxime prope est, cum humanum deest.» Quod et evenit; nam mox periit Gaius. Ecce hic tibi David undique cinctus a Saule, et jamjam ab eo capiendus, a Deo liberatur miro modo — immittendo scilicet Sauli nuntium et cogitationem de repellendis Philisteis, itaque eum a Davide avertendo, et ad Philisteos persequendos convertendo. Deus ergo fecit uti Hispani faciunt in taurorum pugna: dum enim taurus furibundus quempiam insequitur ut eum cornu petat, statim alter a tergo taurum stimulo pungit, eumque reverti cogit. Sic Deus hic fecit Sauli, qui tamquam taurus in Davidem furebat. Audi S. Chrysostomum, hom. 46 in Genes.: «Maxima securitas et inexpugnabilis murus est gratia Dei. Videamus quomodo David, de loco in locum transiens, et tamquam vagus oberrans, manu desuper protegebatur; Saul autem, qui in mediis versabatur urbibus, tantumque exercitum secum ducebat, et custodes et armigeros habebat, quotidie metuebat et tremebat insidias inimicorum. Et ille quidem qui solus erat, humana non egebat tutela; at alter diadematus et purpuratus, ejus auxilio indigebat; rex pastoris officio egebat; is qui diadema gestabat, privati hominis ope indigebat.»
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CEILA (EBR. QÉ'LLÁH; KIILTI NELLE LETTERE DI EL-AMARNA)
David contro i Filistei (I Sam. 23, 1-8). Dopo la cattività di Babilonia i cittadini di C., divisi in due gruppi, collaborarono alla ricostruzione di Gerusalemme (Neh. 3, 17).
… 47). David infine sconfisse e sottomise M., punendone severamente i soldati con una specie di decimazione (II Sam. 8, 2). Mentre era perseguitato, egli aveva condotto a Masphe di M. i suoi genitori, ospiti del Re, per sottrarli alla vendetta di Saul (I Sam. 23, 1-4), che Ruth sua antenata era una moabita (Ruth. 4, 13-22). Dopo la morte di Salomone, M. è di nuovo indipendente fino ad Amri (v.), che lo rende tributario del Regno d'Israele, cui …
… sottrarre almeno la maggior parte dei s. che portano il suo nome. È però da notare che i critici procedono principalmente sulla base di pregiudizi sistematici, essendo tutti gli argomenti positivi che si posseggono, in favore dell'« amabil cantor d'Isaade » (I Sam. 23, 1). Quanto di lui storicamente si sa attesta il suo talento musicale e poetico; i canti a lui attribuiti ne rispecchiano fedelmente l'anima eroica e gentile, tenera nella amicizia, tutta …
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ABIATHAR (EBR. *'EBHITHĀR* « PADRE DI ABBONDANZA »)
… Rimase poi fedele a fianco di David ramingo, e con l'ephod che aveva portato seco gli significava la volontà divina (I Sam. 23, 6-13). Presenziò e diresse, con Sadoc, il solenne trasferimento dell'arca a Cerusalemme (I Por. 15, 11 sg.).
… La ste Bible, II [1946], pp. 633-35). Di nuovo per condiscendenza, per sottrarlo alla tentazione di rivolgersi agli indovini e alle pitonesse (I Sam. 28, 5-20; II Reg. 1, 1-14, ecc.), lo autorizza a consultare egli stesso per mezzo dell'ephod (I Sam. 23, 6-13; 30, 6-8) e degli úrim e tumulm (Num. 27, 21, ecc.; v. A. Clamer, loc. cit., p. 422).
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… Fortificata da Roboam (II Par. 10, 8), era ancora abitata nel sec. IV (Eusebio, Onomast., 92, 15). Dalla città prendeva nome il deserto che si estendeva ad est sino al Mar Morto, dove si rifugiò David, per sottrarsi all'ira di Saul (I Sam. 23, 14). Il luogo dell'incontro con Jonathan, Hóršáh, è identificato con Hirbet Hurésah a ca. 2 km. a sud-ovest di Tell ez-Zif; e il luogo del nascondimento Gibh'ath ha-Hákhiláh (I Sam. 23, …
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… Mar Morto, dove si rifugiò David, per sottrarsi all'ira di Saul (I Sam. 23, 14). Il luogo dell'incontro con Jonathan, Hóršáh, è identificato con Hirbet Hurésah a ca. 2 km. a sud-ovest di Tell ez-Zif; e il luogo del nascondimento Gibh'ath ha-Hákhiláh (I Sam. 23, 19) è identificato con Qabrat el-Kólá.
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3. G. di Beniamin (I Sam. 13, 2; 23, 20), distrutta per vendicare l'oltraggio dei Beniaminiti alla concubina del levita d'Ephraim (Iudc. 19, 14; 20, 4). Fu, dopo la riedificazione, detta «G. di Saul», in ricordo della nascita …
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… La località è nota soprattutto per le gesta di David inseguito da Saul (I Sam. 23, 24-28) ed in contrasto con Nabal il Calebita, del quale sposò poi la moglie Abigail (ibid. 25, 1-42).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.