The Assyrians flee for feare, 3. the Hebrewes pursue them, 7. and are enriched by the spoyles. 9. The high priest with others come from Ierusalem and prayse Iudith. 14. The goodes of Holofernes are genen so her.
1And when all the army heard that Holofernes was beheaded, courage and counsel fled from them, and being seized with trembling and fear they thought only to save themselves by flight.E quando tutto l'esercito fu informato, come era stato tagliato il capo ad Oloferne, rimasero senza ragione, e senza consiglio, e spinti sol dalla paura, e dallo sbigottimento, cercavano scampo col darsi alla fuga,AND when al the armie heard that Holofernes was beheaded, courage and counsel fel from them, and being shaken with trembling onlie and feare, they helpe them selues by flight,Cumque omnis exercitus decollatum Holofernem audisset, fugit mens et consilium ab eis, et solo tremore et metu agitati, fugæ præsidium sumunt, 2So that no one spoke to his neighbour, but hanging down the head, leaving all things behind, they made haste to escape from the Hebrews, who, as they heard, were coming armed upon them, and fled by the ways of the fields, and the paths of the hills.Di tal maniera, che nissuno fiatava col suo vicino, ma a capo chino, abbandonate tutte le cose loro si affrettavano per ischivare gli Ebrei, i quali sentivano venire armati sopra di loro, e fuggivano per le strade delle campagne, e pe' sentieri delle colline,so that none spake with his neighbour, but hanging the head, al thinges leaft behind, they made hast to escape the Hebrewes, whom they heard to come armed vpon them, fleing by the waies of the fieldes, and the pathes of the hilles.ita ut nullus loqueretur cum proximo suo, sed inclinato capite, relictis omnibus, evadere festinabant Hebræos, quos armatos super se venire audiebant, fugientes per vias camporum et semitas collium. 3So the children of Israel seeing them fleeing, followed after them. And they went down sounding with trumpets and shouting after them.Adunque i figliuoli d'Israele allorchè li videro in fuga, gli inseguirono, e calarono sonando le trombe, e urlando dietro ad essi.The children of Israel therfore seing them fleing, folowed them. And they went downe sounding with trumpettes, and shouting after them.Videntes itaque filii Israël fugientes, secuti sunt illos. Descenderuntque clangentes tubis, et ululantes post ipsos. 4And because the Assyrians were not united together, they went without order in their flight; but the children of Israel pursuing in one body, defeated all that they could find.E poichè gli Assiri sparpagliati fuggivano a rompicollo, e i figliuoli d'Israele gl'inseguivano uniti in un sol corpo, ne trucidavano quanti ne trovavano.And because the Assyrians were not vnited together, they went headlong into flight: but the children of Israel pursewing in one companie, discomfited al that they could find.Et quoniam Assyrii non adunati, in fugam ibant præcipites: filii autem Israël uno agmine persequentes debilitabant omnes quos invenire potuissent.
5And Ozias sent messengers through all the cities and countries of Israel.E Ozia spedì messi in tutte le città, e luoghi d'Israele:Ozias therfore sent messengers through al the cities and countries of Israel.Misit itaque Ozias nuntios per omnes civitates et regiones Israël. 6And every country, and every city, sent their chosen young men armed after them, and they pursued them with the edge of the sword until they came to the extremities of their confines.E da tutti i luoghi, e da tutte le città uscì dietro ai nemici la scelta gioventù in arme, e facendone strage gli inseguì sino agli ultimi confini del paese.Euerie countrie therfore, and euerie citie sent chosen youth armed after them, and they pursewed them in the edge of the sword, vntil they came to the extremetie of their borders.Omnis itaque regio, omnisque urbs electam juventutem armatam misit post eos, et persecuti sunt eos in ore gladii, quousque pervenirent ad extremitatem finium suorum. 7And the rest that were in Bethulia went into the camp of the Assyrians, and took away the spoils which the Assyrians in their flight had left behind them, and they were laden exceedingly,Quelli poi, che erano rimasi in Betulia entrarono nel campo degli Assiri, e ne portaron via la preda lasciata da gli Assiri quando si misero in fuga e si caricarono grandemente.And the rest that were in Bethulia, entered into the campe of the Assyrians, and tooke away the praye, which the Assyrians fleing had leaft, and were loden excedingly.Reliqui autem qui erant in Bethulia, ingressi sunt castra Assyriorum, et prædam quam fugientes Assyrii reliquerant, abstulerunt, et onustati sunt valde. 8But they that returned conquerors to Bethulia, brought with them all things that were theirs, so that there was no numbering of their cattle, and beasts, and all their moveables, insomuch that from the least to the greatest all were made rich by their spoils.Ma questi, i quali dalla sconfitta dei nemici tornarono a Betulia, portaron seco tutto quello, che era stato degli Assiri, talmente che non potea contarsi il bestiame minuto, i giumenti, e tutte le loro suppellettili per la qual cosa tutti e piccoli, e grandi si arricchirono delle spoglie di essi.But they that were returned conquerers to Bethulia, tooke away with them al thinges that were theirs, so that there was no number in cattel, and beastes, and al their moueables, that from the leaft vnto the greatest al were made rich of their prayes.Hi vero qui victores reversi sunt ad Bethuliam, omnia quæ erant illorum attulerunt secum, ita ut non esset numerus in pecoribus et jumentis et universis mobilibus eorum, ut a minimo usque ad maximum omnes divites fierent de prædationibus eorum.
9And Joachim the high priest came from Jerusalem to Bethulia with all his ancients to see Judith.E Joacim Sommo Sacerdote si portò da Gerusalemme a Betulia con tutti gli anziani per vedere Giuditta.And Ioachim the high Priest came from Ierusalem into Bethulia with al his ancientes to see Iudith.Joacim autem summus pontifex de Jerusalem venit in Bethuliam cum universis presbyteris suis ut videret Judith. 10And when she was come out to him, they all blessed her with one voice, saying: Thou art the glory of Jerusalem, thou art the joy of Israel, thou art the honour of our people:Ed essendo ella andata ad incontrarli, la benedissero tutti ad una voce dicendo: Tu gloria di Gerusalemme, tu letizia d'Israele, onore del popol nostro.Who when she was come out to him, they al blessed her with one voyce, saying: Thou art the glorie of Ierusalem, thou the ioy of Israel, thou the honour of our people:Quæ cum exisset ad illum, benedixerunt eam omnes una voce, dicentes: Tu gloria Jerusalem; tu lætitia Israël; tu honorificentia populi nostri: 11For thou hast done manfully, and thy heart has been strengthened, because thou hast loved chastity, and after thy husband hast not known any other: therefore also the hand of the Lord hath strengthened thee, and therefore thou shalt be blessed for ever.Perocchè virilmente hai operato, e hai avuto un cuore costante, perchè hai amata la castità, e dopo il tuo marito non hai conosciuto altro uomo: per questo ancora la mano del Signore ti ha fatta forte, e per questo sarai benedetta in eterno.because thou hast done manfully, and thy hart was strengthened, for that thou hast loued chastirie, and after thy husband not knowne any other: therfore also the hand of our Lord hath strengthened thee, and therfore shalt thou be blessed for euer.quia fecisti viriliter, et confortatum est cor tuum, eo quod castitatem amaveris, et post virum tuum, alterum nescieris: ideo et manus Domini confortavit te, et ideo eris benedicta in æternum. 12And all the people said: So be it, so be it.E tutto il popolo disse: Così sia, così sia.And al the people sayd: So be it, so be it.Et dixit omnis populus: Fiat, fiat. 13And thirty days were scarce sufficient for the people of Israel to gather up the spoils of the Assyrians.Or appena in trenta giorni potè il popolo d'Israele raccorre le spoglie degli Assiri.And for thirtie daies, scarse were the spoyles of the Assyrians gathered of the people of Israel.Per dies autem triginta, vix collecta sunt spolia Assyriorum a populo Israël.
14But all those things that were proved to be the peculiar goods of Holofernes, they gave to Judith in gold, and silver, and garments and precious stones, and all household stuff, and they all were delivered to her by the people.Ma tutte quelle cose, che si conobbe essere state proprie di Oloferne, oro, argento, vestimenta, gemme, e mobili di ogni specie, lo riserbarono per Giuditta, e tutte a lei furon date dal popolo.Moreouer al thinges, that were proued to be the peculiar goodes of Holofernes, they gaue to Iudith in gold, and siluer, and garmentes, and pretious stones, and al stuffe, and al the thinges were deliuered her of the people.Porro autem universa quæ Holofernis peculiaria fuisse probata sunt, dederunt Judith in auro, et argento, et vestibus, et gemmis, et omni supellectili: et tradita sunt omnia illi a populo. 15And all the people rejoiced, with the women, and virgins, and young men, playing on instruments and harps.E tutti gli uomini erano in festa colle donne, e colle vergini, e coi giovani, sonando organi, e cetre.And al the people reioysed with wemen, and virgins, and yongmen, on instrumentes and harpes.Et omnes populi gaudebant cum mulieribus, et virginibus, et juvenibus, in organis et citharis.
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All. Greek, "Those who were in the tents heard, they were astonished at the fact; and fear and trembling fell upon them, and there was not a man remaining before his neighbour; but rushing out, with one accord, they fled through every path, in the plains and in the mountains; and those who were encamped in the high places around Bethulia, (Haydock; the Moabites, etc., Judith 7:8.; Calmet) fled. Then every warrior of Israel rushed out upon them, and Ozias," ver. 5.
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Haydock
Israel. Greek adds, "informing them of what had been accomplished, and that all might pour upon the enemies, to cut them off. But when the Israelites heard this, they all, unanimously, fell upon them, as far as Chobai: (Haydock; Hoba.; Calmet) in like manner those from Jerusalem came up, and from all the mountainous country; for they also were informed of what had happened in the camp of their enemies; and the men of Galaad and of Galilee scattered them with great slaughter, till they had passed Damascus and its boundaries." (Haydock)
Calmet
As the enemy fled without a leader, we may easily imagine what carnage would ensue. (Calmet)
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Haydock
The. Greek, "their spoils, and were greatly enriched." (Haydock)
Mariana suggests that we should read honestati, which is used in this sense, (Ecclesiasticus 11:23.) instead of onustati, loaded.
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They. Greek, "The Israelites, returning from the slaughter, took possession of the remainder, and the villages and cities, both in the mountains and champaign country, took many spoils; for there was great abundance. But Joachim," etc.
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Grotius
Came. Greek adds, "and the senate of Israel, residing at Jerusalem, came." This alludes to the sanhedrim. (Grotius)
Calmet
But, it seems, its institution was posterior to the captivity, and we may understand the principal men of the city, or of the priests. (Calmet)
Haydock
To see. Greek adds, "the good things (Complutensian; to confirm or lay a foundation for, the good things) which God had done to Israel, and to see Judith, and speak peace with her." Protestants, "to salute her." (Haydock)
Tirinus
Joachim is the same with Eliacim; El being only prefixed. (Tirinus)
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She. Greek, "They were gone into her apartment, they," etc.
Haydock
Art the. Greek adds, "great joy, and the great boast of our race; because thou hast done all these things with thy hand, thou hast procured the good of Israel, and God hath been pleased with them. Be thou blessed by the omnipotent Lord for ever." (Haydock)
Worthington
Judith was a figure of the blessed Virgin [Mary], to whom these praises chiefly belong. (Fulbert.) (Worthington)
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Calmet
Chastity, etc. This is not in Syriac, etc., and though, generally speaking, celibacy was not esteemed honourable among the Jews, yet chastity was so much the more admired, as it was more uncommon. A widow was deserving of praise for not lightly entering upon a second marriage. (Calmet)
Those who abstain from it, were respected, like virgins, by the Romans. (Val. Maxim. 2:1.)
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Haydock
But. Greek, "And they gave to Judith the tent of Holofernes, and all the silver plate, and beds and basins, and all his furniture, which she taking, place upon her mule, and put to her chariots, and heaped them thereon; and every woman of Israel ran to see her, and they blessed her, and danced in her honour. Then she took some thyrsus (Haydock; or branches entwined with ivy, etc.; Calmet) in her hands, and gave to those women who accompanied her; and they crowned with olive both her and her attendant; (maid, or Alexandrian Septuagint, "and she was crowned with olive, and her mule;" Grabe substitutes "female companions,") and she went before all the people, leading the dance of all the women; and every man of Israel followed in arms, with crowns, and with hymns in their mouth. Then," etc., Judith 16. (Haydock)
Pliny
The bearing of green branches, on such occasions, was very common, Leviticus 23:40., 2 Machabees 10:7., and Matthew 21:8. Hence Tacitus (Hist. v.) supposed that the Jews adored Bacchus. But there was nothing here of the immodesty, which generally attended the pagan festivals. We only find this instance of women being crowned with olive. But this tree was very proper, as it was used in rejoicings: Ramo felicis olivae; (Virgil vi.) on which Servius remarks, olivae, arboris festae. At certain races in Greece, women who gained the victory, were thus crowned; (Alex. Genial 5:8.) and it was used by the Roman cavalry on the ides of July, and in ovations. (Pliny, [Natural History?] 15:4.)
Haydock
The processions of the Church often admit of similar ornaments in honour of God, (Tirinus) and to promote piety. (Haydock)
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The fourt part The prayses of Iudith, who with al the people praise God.
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Iudith was a special figure of the B. Virgine Marie, to whom these praises perteyne in more eminent sorte, then to anic other creature. S. 〈◊〉. bert•s Carnete•sis.
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sant'Ambrogio † 397 d.C. On the Duties of the Clergy 3.13
83. The Persians were terrified at her daring.
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1. FUGIT MENS ET CONSILIUM AB EIS, ET SOLO TREMORE ET METU AGITATI, FUGÆ PRÆSIDIUM SUMUNT, — tum quia videbant ducem suum Holofernem capite truncatum; tum quia Deus ademit eis mentem et consilium, ut quasi mentis impotes nescirent quid sibi agendum foret. Alioqui enim, si fuissent mentis compotes, alium sibi ducem constituissent, qui Bethulienses cives paucos ad deditionem cogeret; tum quia Deus immisit eis terrorem panicum, ut, cæso duce, putarent se pariter cædendos ab Hebræis. Quare præcipites se in fugam dederunt: itaque fugientes a paucis Hebræis insequentibus et clangentibus cæsi sunt, uti a trecentis Gedeonis militibus cæsa sunt centum millia Madianitarum, Judicum VII.
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4. DEBILITABANT OMNES, — hos occidendo, illos vulnerando, alios mutilando, etc. Hebræum enim chalas hæc omnia significat.
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7. ONUSTATI, — id est, onerati spoliis. Nonnulli censent legendum « honestati, » id est, ditati sunt, ut habent Græca: honestas enim in Scriptura sæpe significat divitias, et honestare idem est quod ditare.
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9. JOACIM AUTEM SUMMUS PONTIFEX DE JERUSALEM VENIT IN BETHULIAM CUM UNIVERSIS PRESBYTERIS SUIS (Græce: cum Jerosolymitano senatu, forte cum concilio Sanedrim, quod erat summum, continens 70 Senatores eximios), UT VIDERET JUDITH, — eique benediceret, et de victoria tanta gratularetur.
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10. QUÆ CUM EXISSET AD ILLUM, BENEDIXERUNT EAM OMNES UNA VOCE, DICENTES: TU GLORIA JERUSALEM, TU LÆTITIA ISRAEL, TU HONORIFICENTIA (honor et decus) POPULI NOSTRI. — Græce: Tu sublimitas Israel, tu exultatio magna Israel, tu gloriatio magna generis nostri. Vatablus: Tu excellentia Jerosolymitarum, tu magna Israelitarum lætitia, tu præclara generis nostri gloriatio, q. d. Jerusalem liberans ab Holoferne magnam ei gloriam contulisti: tu ab eodem defendens Israelitas jam timore et mœrore confectos, ingentem eis lætitiam et novam quasi vitam indidisti: tu populo tuo universo ingens nomen et decus peperisti apud omnes gentes, quæ audientes hoc tuum facinus obstupescent, dicentque: « Tanti dux femina facti. » Allegorice Judith fuit typus B. Virginis. Hæc enim exultatio est, decus et gloria, non tantum Jerusalem, sed totius orbis; non tantum Israelis, sed omnium gentium, non tantum Synagogæ, sed universæ Ecclesiæ. Unde B. Gregorius Nazianzenus in Tragœdia, Christus patiens, eam sic affatur: Regina, Domina, generis humani bonum, Amica semper esto tu mortalibus, Maximaque quovis in loco mihi salus. Cyrillus Alexandrinus, homil. Contra Nestorium: « Sit, inquit, tibi, sancta Dei mater laus; Tu enim es pretiosa margarita orbis terrarum, tu lampas inexstinguibilis, corona virginitatis, sceptrum orthodoxæ fidei. » S. Chrysostomus, homilia De Deipara, ita eam salutat: « Ave, mater, cœlum, thronus Ecclesiæ nostræ, decus, gloria, et firmamentum. » S. Ephrem, sermone De laudibus Virginis, eam vocat « unicam spem Patrum, gloriam Prophetarum, præconium Apostolorum, honorem Martyrum, lætitiam Sanctorum, et lumen probatissimorum Abraham, Isaac et Jacob, decus Aaron, splendorem Mosis, Gedeonis vellus et cœtus Hierarcharum, omniumque Sanctorum ac virginum coronam, immensum fulgorem, atque splendorem inaccessum. » Damascenus, orat. 1 De Nativit. B. Virgin.: « O Deo, inquit, digna filia, mulierum ornamentum, humani generis decus, tu Patriarchis sempiterna oblectatio, Prophetis perennis exultatio. »
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11. QUIA FECISTI VIRILITER (quasi virago, et femina super feminas, imo quasi vir viros omnes superans) ET CONFORTATUM EST COR TUUM, EO QUOD CASTITATEM AMAVERIS. — Castitas ergo fuit causa fortitudinis Judith, idque primo, quia castitas roborat corpus et animum. Unde olim athletæ in Olympicis certaturi castos plane se servabant, ut integras ad palæstram vires afferrent, I Cor. IX, 24. Luxuria enim spiritus nobilissimos, ideoque robur et vires effundit et exhaurit. Secundo, quia Deus hoc præmium fortitudinis dare solet castis, ac omnino dedit Judith, fortitudinem, inquam, tum corporis, tum animi ad magna audendum: Deus enim, qui spiritus est purissimus, singulariter amat puritatem et castitatem, ac puros et castos, quasi sibi similes ad magna destinat. Audi S. Hieronymum, præfatione in Judith: « Accipite Judith viduam castitatis exemplum, et triumphali laude perpetuis eam præconiis declarate. Hanc enim non solum feminis, sed et viris imitabilem dedit, qui castitatis ejus remunerator, virtutem ei talem tribuit, ut invictum omnibus hominibus vinceret, et insuperabilem superaret. » Tertio, quia decebat luxuriosum Holofernem a casta Judith superari, ut castitas de luxuria triumpharet. Unde Prudentius in Psychomachia pudicitiam cum libidine duellantem eleganter per Judith de Holoferne triumphantem ita depingit: Assyrium postquam thalamum, cervixque Holofernis Cæsa, cupidineo madefactum sanguine lavit; Gemmatumque thorum mœchi ducis aspera Judith Sprevit, et incertos compescuit ense furores: Famosum mulier referens ex hoste trophæum Non trepidante manu, vindex mea cœlitus audax. Porro eximia fuit castitas Judith, ideoque eximium hoc meruit præmium et trophæum. Ipsa enim erat in flore juventutis vidua opulenta, carens liberis, ut patebit cap. sequenti, versu 28, speciosa, honorata, gloriosa ob tantam victoriam: quare omnes etiam duces et principes eam ambiebant sponsam: verum ipsa castitatis amans hæc omnia despexit, mansitque cælebs usque ad mortem; quare nobilius et gloriosius de carne et mundo, quam de Holoferne triumphavit. Audi S. Ambrosium, lib. De Viduis: « Nec his tamen elata successibus, cui utique gaudere et exultare licebat, jure victoriæ viduitatis reliquit officium; sed contemptis omnibus qui ejus nuptias ambiebant, vestem jucunditatis deposuit, viduitatis resumpsit; nec triumphorum suorum amavit ornatus, illos existimans esse meliores, quibus vitia corporis, quam quibus hostium vincuntur. »
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14. ET OMNES POPULI GAUDEBANT CUM MULIERIBUS, ET VIRGINIBUS, ET JUVENIBUS, IN ORGANIS ET CITHARIS. — Græca uberius habent: Et concurrit omnis mulier Israel ad videndam eam, et fecerunt ei chorum ex se; et sumpsit thyrsos in manibus suis, et dedit mulieribus quæ secum aderant, et exornatæ sunt oliva, ipsa, et quæ cum ipsa. Et præivit omnem populum in chorea, ducens omnes mulieres, et sequebatur omnis vir Israel armati cum coronis et hymnis in ore suo. Pro coronatæ sunt, Complutenses habent, coronarunt eam corona olivæ, id est, oleagina. Thyrsi sunt rami palmarum, citriorum, etc. Audi Josephum XIII Antiq. cap. XXI: « Apud Judæos lex est quemlibet in scenopegia thyrsos (ramos) ex palmis et citriis gestare. Gentiles thyrsos dicabant Baccho. Erat autem apud eos θύρσος hasta frondibus, præsertim ex vite vestita, quam quatiebant in sacris Bacchi, vel corona ex eisdem. Unde Virgilius Eclog.: Instituit Daphnis thyrsos inducere Baccho, Et foliis lentas intexere mollibus hastas. Ibi per lentas hastas intelligit thyrsos. Unde Proverbium: Multos thyrsigeros, paucos est cernere Bacchos. Bacchus enim erat thyrsigerus. Hinc et Tacitus: Messalina, inquit, crine fluxo thyrsum quatiens. Et Diodorus scribit Dionysium in exercitu habuisse mulieres thyrsis armatas. Macrobius quoque ait Liberum patrem (Bacchum) tenere thyrsum, quod est latens telum, vel hasta aculeata, cujus mucro hedera lambente protegitur. Hoc recte adaptes Judithæ, quæ acinacem Holofernis in ipsummet distrinxit; itaque eum ebrium quasi Bacchum occidit, ac de ebrietate et ebriis triumphavit. Coronam ergo thyrsiam merebatur, meritamque gestabat, quæ eamdem Baccho, id est, Holoferni ebrio eripuit. Nota hanc solemnem triumphi processionem et pompam Judithæ quotannis datam et renovatam fuisse cum ingenti virorum et mulierum comitatu, ut patebit capite sequenti, vers. 27.
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.