Sacred Scripture
Sacra Scrittura · 44 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsPost-Biblical Judaism (Ebraismo post biblico)
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Aboab, Isaac (ABOAB, ISACCO)
ABOAB, ISAAC. - Rabbi who lived around 1300 in Spain. In his work Menôrâth ha-mâôr ("the candelabrum of lights"), he expounds in popular… -
Acosta (da Costa), Uriel
ACOSTA (DA COSTA), URIEL. - Jewish rationalist, b. in Oporto between 1580 and 1585, d. in Amsterdam in 1640. From a wealthy Marrano family,… -
Alfonso of Zamora (ALFONSO DI ZAMORA)
ALFONSO OF ZAMORA. - Converted rabbi, b. at Zamora in 1474, baptized in 1506, d. in 1531. He was the first professor of Hebrew at the… -
Amorites (AMOREI)
AMORITES. - Name (Aramaic 'āmōrā', plur. 'āmōrā'ē and in Hebrew form 'ēmōrā'im, "expounder") originally given to the lower Jewish teachers… -
Artapanus (ARTAPANO)
ARTAPANUS. - Storico giudeo, vissuto in Egitto prima dell'era cristiana. His work Περί Ἰουδαίων was used by Flavius Josephus and was cited… -
Ashi ben Sima (AŠI BEN SIMAJ)
ASHI BEN SIMA. - Babylonian Amora (v.) of the sixth generation, b. in 352 and d. in 427. He reopened the academy of Sura, of which he was… -
Bārāythā' (BĀRĀJTHĀ')
BĀRĀYTHĀ'. - Teaching that is "exterior, extraneous" (cf. in canon law the Extravagantes), that is, not included in the Miñāh (v.), the… -
Bar Kōkhēbhā
BAR KŌKHĒBHĀ. - Leader of the last revolt of the Jews under the emperor Hadrian. His name has come down to us in various forms. Christian… -
Bar Qappara
BAR QAPPARA. - Palestinian rabbi (early 3rd century AD), one of the oldest disciples of R. Jehudhah han-Nasi, whom he assisted in the… -
Cahana
CAHANA. — Various Jewish doctors among the Amoraim (v.) bear this name, an Aramaic form of the Hebrew kōhēn ("priest"). It is difficult to… -
Cara
CARA. - French Jewish family (qārā = the reader), of which three rabbis are to be remembered: MENĀHEM BEN HELBŌ (11th century), the… -
Caraiti
CARAITI. - In the 9th century, through the impetus of Binjamin da Nahāwend, the Jewish sect that broke away from traditional rabbinism… -
Caro, Joseph (CARO, JÓSEPH)
CARO, JOSEPH. - Rabbi, b. in Toledo in 1488. After the expulsion of the Jews from Spain his family settled in Adrianople. Here C. began his… -
De Rossi, Azaria
DE ROSSI, AZARIA. - One of the most learned rabbis of the 16th century, b. at Mantua ca. 1514, d. at Ferrara in 1578. He lived in the major… -
Gamaliel I (GAMALIELE I)
GAMALIEL I. - Tannaite (v.) of the first generation, patriarch in the years c. 25-50 A.D., called the "Elder" to distinguish him from his… -
Gemara' (GEMÄRÄ')
GEMARA'. - An Aramaic masculine word meaning "completion of the teaching." In general, however, one says "the g.," as if it were a Hebrew… -
Genazzano, Elia di Beniamin da
GENAZZANO, ELIA di BENIAMIN da. - Rabbi of the second half of the 15th century, author of a kabbalistic work ('Iggereth bāmādhōth), of a… -
Hasideans (ASIDEI)
HASIDEANS. - "Pious" men of Judaism in the Maccabean and Hasmonean era. The Hebrew ḥāsidhim "pious" (in the Septuagint 'Aou82[6]os) occurs… -
Hillel
HILLEL. - Tannaite (v.), called "the Babylonian" because he was descended from a family of exiles, famous for his doctrine and his highly… -
Immanuel The Roman (Manuello The Jew) (IMMANUEL ROMANO (MANUELLO GIUDEO))
IMMANUEL THE ROMAN (MANUELLO THE JEW). - Poet, b. in Rome ca. 1268-72; d. after 1328. He belonged to the circle of Jewish scholars and… -
Išoʿdād of Merv (IŠŌ'DĀD DI MERW)
IŠŌ'DĀD of MERW. - Nestorian bishop of Hēdattā. Born at Merw, he lived in the 9th century. Inspired by Theodore of Mopsuestia, he wrote a… -
Jona, Jehudah, Ben Jishāq (JONA, JĒHŪDHĀH, BEN JĪSHĀQ)
JONA, Jehudah, Ben Jishāq. - Converted rabbi, called in Italy Giovanni Battista Giuda Giona or more briefly Battista, born of Jews from… -
Jōšippōn
JŌŠIPPŌN. - A collector of midrashic legends, also called Jōšēph ben Gurjōn or Jōšēph hā-ibbrī ("Joseph the Hebrew"), who passes himself… -
Judas, Saint (GIUDA IL SANTO)
JUDAS, Saint. - Tannaite (v. TALMUD), also called J. the Prince (Jéhudhah han-Nāsī'), b. ca. 135, d. in 210 A.D. He laid the foundations… -
Lampronti, Isacco di Samuele
LAMPRONTI, ISACCO di SAMUELE. - Rabbi and physician, b. in Ferrara in 1679, d. there in 1756. He was a disciple of the rabbis Recanati and… -
Levita, Elia
LEVITA, ELIA. - Hebrew grammarian, b. at Neustadt an der Aisch in 1469, d. at Venice on 28 January 1549. His Hebrew name was 'Ēljāhū ben… -
Mekhiltha' (Aram. « Measure ») (MEKHILTHA' (ARAM. « MISURA »))
MEKHILTHA' (Aram. « Measure »). - Midrash (v.), a collection of interpretive and methodological material concerning the Pentateuch, of a… -
Midrash (MIDHRĀŠ)
MIDRASH. - Homiletic interpretation of the Bible, carried out by the rabbis from approximately the 2nd to the 10th centuries. The term… -
Modena, Leone
MODENA, LEONE. - Rabbi, b. in Venice on 23 April 1571, d. there on 21 March 1648. Highly gifted for poetry, he did translation work and… -
Nahmanides (NAHMÁNIDE)
NAHMANIDES. - Talmudic rabbi and cabbalist (R. Moses ben Nahman, RMBN, in Spanish Bonastrug de Portu, from the name of his city of… -
Nathan of Rome (NATAN DA ROMA)
NATHAN OF ROME. - Jewish lexicographer, lived in Rome in the 11th century, d. in 1106. He was a contemporary of the Talmudist Isaac of Fez… -
Qimḥī, David (QIMHĪ, DAVID)
QIMḤĪ, DAVID. - Rabbi (called Radaq = RDQ), grammarian, lexicographer and exegete, b. at Narbonne ca. 1160, d. there in 1235. His father,… -
Rabbi (RABBINO)
RABBI. - Title belonging to the doctors of Jewish law: rabh "master"; rabbî "my master". Rabbân was the title given to a very eminent… -
Reggio, Isacco Samuel (REGGIO, ISACCO SAMUELE)
REGGIO, ISACCO SAMUEL. - Hebraist, b. in Gorizia in 1784, d. there in 1855. From 1810 professor of history and geography at that Liceo,… -
Reubeni, David (DAVID REUBENI)
REUBENI, DAVID. - That is, "D., descendant of Reuben." A strange figure of an Eastern Jew, whose place of origin and many details of his… -
Sa'adjah ben Jōsēph (SA'ADJĀH BEN JŌSĒPH)
SA'ADJAH BEN JŌSĒPH. - Gaonite, b. at Fajjūm in 882, d. in 942. He was a grammarian, exegete, translator of the Bible into Arabic,… -
Šabbēthaj Zēbhī
ŠABBĒTHAJ ZĒBHĪ. - Pseudo-messiah and Jew, b. at Smyrna on 7 July 1626, d. at Berat (Albania) on 30 Sept. 1675. As a young man he devoted… -
Saboreans (SABOREI)
SABOREANS. - "Reasoners" or "interpreters," a class of scholars whose activity lasted only a few decades and aimed at smoothing out the… -
Sephardim (SEFARDITI)
SEPHARDIM. - Descendants of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews who emigrated from the Iberian peninsula, after the massacre of 1491 and the… -
Shammai (ŠAMMAJ)
SHAMMAI. - A distinguished Jewish doctor who taught between 20 B.C. and 25/30 A.D. He was a contemporary of Hillel (v.) and his rival. In… -
Shekinah (ŠEKHĪNĀH)
SHEKINAH. - "Dwelling," a Neo-Hebrew term (from the biblical verb šākhan, "to dwell") that indicates the presence and abode of God in… -
Siphrā, Siphrē
SIPHRĀ, SIPHRĒ. - Midrashic commentaries on Leviticus and on Numbers-Deuteronomy. Siphrā' (= the book) is a midrash (v.) of a preceptive… -
Targum (TARGŪM)
TARGUM. - Aramaic paraphrase of the Old Testament. The term is a participle from the Aramaic root tirghēm (or rather rāgham) "to interpret,… -
Tarphon, Rabbi (TARPHÔN, RABBÎ)
TARPHON, RABBI. - Tannaite of the third generation, also mentioned by St. Jerome (In Is., 8, 11 ff.; PL 24, 122), who calls him Telphon…