Sacred Scripture
Sacra Scrittura · 68 articles · Principal contributors · All subjectsOld Testament (Vecchio Testamento)
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1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings (RE, I E II (III E IV) LIBRO DEI)
1 AND 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings. - Two books of the Old Testament, which summarize the history of the Hebrew people from the last years of… -
Acts of the Apostles (ATTI DEGLI APOSTOLI)
ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. - Book of the New Testament, placed after the Gospels, which presents itself as the continuation of the Gospel of… -
Agur, Son of Jakeh (AGUR, FIGLIO DI JAQEH)
AGUR, Son of Jakeh. - Unknown sage, author of a group of maxims in Prov. 30. St. Jerome in the Vulgate, identifying him with Solomon,… -
Ahaziah (OCHOZIA)
AHAZIAH. - King of Israel, son of Ahab and Jezebel, he reigned for about two years (853-852 B.C.). A contemporary of Jehoshaphat king of… -
Amos (Hebrew 'Āmōs «Who Bears a Burden», distinct from the name of Isaiah’s father 'Āmōs «Robust») (AMOS (EBR. 'ĀMŌS «CHE PORTA UN FARDELLO», DIVERSO DAL NOME DEL PADRE DI ISAIA 'ĀMŌS «ROBUSTO»))
AMOS (Heb. 'Āmōs "he who bears a burden," different from the name of Isaiah's father 'Āmōs "robust"). - Third of the minor prophets, in the… -
Authenticity and Canonicity (AUTENTICITÀ E CANONICITÀ)
AUTHENTICITY AND CANONICITY. — a) That the book is due to Jeremiah's secretary is affirmed by the title itself, which also specifies the… -
Baruch (Heb. "Benedetto") (BARUCH (EBR. «BENEDETTO»))
BARUCH (Heb. "Benedetto"). - Son of Neriah, secretary of Jeremiah (v.), whose oracles he wrote down, and his faithful companion during the… -
Catholic Letters (CATTOLICHE, LETTERE)
CATHOLIC LETTERS. - Title given to seven apostolic writings which, in current editions of the New Testament, follow the 14 letters of St.… -
Daniele
DANIELE. - Prophet, who gave his name to a sacred book of the Old Testament. SUMMARY: I. The prophet. - II. The book. - III. Critical… -
Deuteronomy (DEUTERONOMIO)
DEUTERONOMY. — Fifth book of the Pentateuch, called by the Hebrews, from its opening words, 'ēlēh had-dēbhārīm ("these are the words") or… -
Ecclesiastes (ECCLESIASTE)
ECCLESIASTES. - Fourth of the didactic books of the Old Testament, in 12 chapters, "a philosophical masterpiece of satire, irony, good… -
Ecclesiastical (ECCLESIASTICO)
ECCLESIASTICAL. - The most remarkable of the wisdom books of the Old Testament, for the number and diversity of its teachings; it may well… -
Eliphaz
ELIPHAZ. - The most eloquent of Job's friends (Job 2:11), a native of Teman, a region whose tribe descended from Esau's grandson (Gen.… -
Esther (Heb. 'Estēr; Vulg. Esther) (ESTER (EBR. 'ESTÉR; VOLG. ESTHER))
ESTHER (Heb. 'Estēr; Vulg. Esther). - Jewish heroine after whom the 8th of the Hagiographa is named, in the Hebrew Bible the 5th of the… -
Exodus (Ἐξοδος 'Exit') (ESODO (ἘΞΟΔΌΣ « USCITA »))
EXODUS (Ἐξοδος 'Exit'). - Second book of the Pentateuch (v.), so called by the Septuagint because of the subject matter of its first part;… -
Ezekiel (Heb. Jēḥezqēl «God is strong» or «God strengthens») (EZECHIELE (EBR. JĒḤEZQĒL «DIO È FORTE» O «DIO FORTIFICA»))
EZEKIEL (Heb. Jēḥezqēl «God is strong» or «God strengthens»). - Third of the great writing prophets, who lived among the exiles of Babylon… -
Ezra (ESDRA)
EZRA. - Priest and scribe (Heb. 'Esrā'; Septuagint 'Eσ[ē]σ[ē] = 'E[σ]σ; Vulgate Esdras) who played a leading part in the Jewish restoration… -
Ezra, Fourth Book of (ESDRA, IV LIBRO DI)
EZRA, Fourth Book of. - One of the most important apocrypha of the Old Testament. A true jewel of Jewish apocalyptic literature, it enjoyed… -
Genesis (GENESI)
GENESIS. - Name of the book with which the series of the Old Testament opens. It is derived from the Greek γένεσις and passed through the… -
Gospel (VANGELO (EVANGELO))
GOSPEL. - From the Greek εὐαγγέλιον, which means "good news" or "glad tidings," the message of redemption and salvation that Jesus Christ… -
Habakkuk (Hebrew Hâbaqqûq; Septuagint: Ambakoum, confusing him with the character in Dan. 14:32) (ABACUC (EBR. HÂBAQQÛQ; SETTANTA: ἈΜΒΑΚΟΎΜ CONFONDENDOLO COL PERSONAGGIO DI DAN. 14, 32))
HABAKKUK (Heb. Hâbaqqûq; Septuagint: Ἀμβακούμ, confusing him with the character in Dan. 14:32). - Eighth among the "minor" prophets of the… -
Hebrew Poetry (POESIA EBRAICA)
HEBREW POETRY. - Among the protocanonical books of the Old Testament, the following are entirely composed in poetic form: Job (except 1-2… -
Hexateuch (ESATEUCO)
HEXATEUCH. - Name given by many modern Protestant and rationalist critics (Ewald, Knobel, Kuench, Wellhausen, Holzinger, Driver, Cornill,… -
Hosea (OSEA)
HOSEA. - Israelite prophet (Hos. 7:5), whose book stands first among the Minor Prophets. O.'s preaching was the last appeal of divine mercy… -
Ioakim (Eliacim)
IOAKIM (ELIACIM). - King of Judah (608-597), firstborn son of King Josiah, he was placed on the throne, after his brother Jehoahaz (v.) had… -
Isaiah (HEB. JĒŠA-JĀH[Ā] "SALVATION [IS] YAHWEH", SEPTUAGINT 'HESAIAU) (ISAIA (EBR. JĒŠA-JĀH[Ā] «SALUTE [È] JAHWEH», SETTANTA 'HOZĪZ))
ISAIAH (HEB. JĒŠA-JĀH[Ā] "SALVATION [IS] YAHWEH", SEPTUAGINT 'HESAIAU). - The major of the writing prophets of the Old Testament (8th… -
JEHOAHAZ (IOACHAZ)
JEHOAHAZ. - King of Israel, son and successor of Jehu (v.), who reigned 17 years (815-799 B.C.). This was a period of extreme humiliation… -
Jehu (IEHU)
JEHU. - Prophet, son of Hanani, who carried out his prophetic activity in the kingdom of Israel at the time of King Baasha (910-887 B.C.),… -
Job (GIOBBE)
JOB. - I. THE AUTHOR. - A wealthy and wise Idumean, a perfect worshipper of the true God, the type of the righteous sufferer, protagonist… -
JOEL (HEB. JĀ'EL "YAHWEH IS GOD"; VULG.: IOEL AND IOHEL) (IOEL (EBR. JĀ'EL «JAHWEH È DIO»; VOLG.: IOEL E IOHEL))
JOEL (HEB. JĀ'EL "YAHWEH IS GOD"; VULG.: IOEL AND IOHEL). - Name of 12 Israelites mentioned in the historical books of the Old Testament.… -
Joel (Heb. Yôʾēl "Yahweh Is God") (GIOELE (EBR. JÔ'EL « JAHWEH È DIO »))
JOEL (Heb. Yôʾēl "Yahweh Is God"). - Prophet, son of Pethuel (1:1). Since in his book he speaks only of Judah, of Jerusalem and of the… -
Jonah (GIONA)
JONAH. - Prophet, son of Amittai (Heb. Amitta) of Gath-hepher (Gath of Hepher) in Galilee; he foretold to Jeroboam II (787-746) his… -
Joshua (GIOSUÈ)
JOSHUA. - I. THE PERSONAGE. - Son of Nun, of the tribe of Ephraim (Num. 13:9, 17; 1 Chron. 7:22-27), successor of Moses as theocratic… -
Judges (GIUDICI)
JUDGES. - Designation of the leaders of Israel (Hebr. Ἰόρβες, plur. Ἰόρβεξῶ; cf. the sūfētes of the Carthaginians: Liv., 28, 27, 2; 30, 7,… -
Judith (Heb. Yēhūdhith, Vulg. Iudith) (GIUDITTA (EBR. JĒHŪDHITH, VOLG. IUDITH))
JUDITH (Heb. Yēhūdhith, Vulg. Iudith). - A pious and heroic widow who freed Bethulia; the name Jēhūdhith had already been borne by the wife… -
Lamentations (LAMENTAZIONI)
LAMENTATIONS. - Five poems about the destruction of Jerusalem, to which the Septuagint prefixed the title ἐφῆναι, which also passed into… -
Leviticus (LEVITICO)
LEVITICUS. - Third book of the Pentateuch (v.), called by the Palestinian Jews from its opening word voajiqra'; by the Alexandrian Jews… -
Malachi (MALACHIA)
MALACHI. - Prophet, the last in the canon of the Old Testament, and therefore called the "seal of the prophets." He prophesied after the… -
Malachy, Saint (MALACHIA, SANTO)
MALACHIA, saint - Beginning of the prophecies of pseudo M. according to the edition of Venice 1595; the continuation will be found at plate… -
Manasseh (MANASSE)
MANASSEH. - 1. Eldest son (Heb. Mēnašēh, probably Mēnašēh-el = "God makes one forget" [one's sorrows]) of Joseph and Asenath (Gen. 41:51),… -
Mane, Thecel, Phares
MANE, THECEL, PHARES. - Mysterious signs, read by the prophet Daniel, that appeared on the wall in the hall of the great banquet, at which… -
Mēghillôth, Hāmēš (« Five Scrolls ») (MĒGHILLÔTH, HĀMĒŠ (« CINQUE ROTOLI »))
MEGHILLOTH, HAMESH ("five scrolls"). - A designation that arose around the time of St. Jerome, derived from the synagogue liturgy, to… -
Nahum (Hebrew: Naḥûm «Comforter») (NAHUM (EBR. NAHÛM «CONSOLATORE»))
NAHUM (Hebrew: Naḥûm «Comforter»). - Seventh of the minor prophets in the canon of the Vulgate. He was from 'Elqōš (Nah. 1:1), which St.… -
Nathan (Hebr. Nāthān «[God] Has Given») (NATHAN (EBR. NĀTHĀN « [DIO] HA DATO »))
NATHAN (Hebr. Nāthān «[God] Has Given»). - Prophet who, around 1000 B.C., appeared suddenly when David asked his opinion about whether or… -
Nehemiah (Hebr. Nēḥemyāh, Septuagint Nemía[s], Vulg. Nehemias) (NEEMIA (EBR. NĒHEMJĀH, SETTANTA ΝΕΜΊΑ[Σ], VOLG. NEHEMIAS))
NEHEMIAH (Hebr. Nēḥemyāh, Septuagint Nemía[s], Vulg. Nehemias). - Restorer of Jerusalem (5th century B.C.) after the exile; he was the son… -
Numbers (NUMERI)
NUMBERS. - Literal translation of the Greek Ἀριθμοί, in the sense of "censuses," with which the translator of the Septuagint entitled the… -
Obadiah (Hebrew 'servant of Yahweh'; Masoretic text 'Obadyāh, form used by Jews and by Luther and followers) (ABDIA (EBR. « SERVO DI JAHWEH»; NEL TESTO MASSORETICO 'OBADYĀH, FORMA RITENUTA DAGLI EBREI E DA LUTERO E SEGUACI))
OBADIAH (Hebrew 'servant of Yahweh'; Masoretic text 'Obadyāh, form used by Jews and by Luther and followers). - Fourth of the minor… -
Ochozia (Joachaz) (OCHOZIA (IOACHAZ))
OCHOZIA (JOACHAZ). - King of Judah, son of Jehoram (v.) and Athaliah; he reigned only one year (842 B.C.). He was among the few members of… -
Octateuch (OTTATEUCO)
OCTATEUCH. - Il termine (ὁκτώ «otto» e τοῦτος «scrigno» o custodia per libri e quindi «libro») appare la prima volta in Cassiodoro (De… -
Oolla and Ooliba (OOLLA E OOLIBA)
OOLLA AND OOLIBA. - Symbolic names chosen by Ezekiel (ch. 23) to designate Samaria and Jerusalem. Both are transcriptions of the Hebrew… -
Paralipomena (PARALIPOMENI)
PARALIPOMENA. - Biblical book, the last in the Hebrew canon (kethubhim); in the Septuagint and the Vulgate it is placed before Ezra and… -
Pastoral Letters (PASTORALI, LETTERE)
PASTORAL LETTERS. - Common appellation for the Pauline I and II Timothy (v.) and Titus (v.), - in the 17th century also called pontificiae… -
Penitential Psalms (PENITENZIALI, SALMI)
PENITENTIAL PSALMS. - A group of psalms (Ps. 6; 31; 37; 50; 101; 129; 142 [Vulg.]) that express trust in God's infinite mercy toward the… -
Pentateuch (PENTATEUCO)
PENTATEUCH. - A great narrative and legislative work, which occupies the first place among the books that make up the Bible, composed of… -
Plagues of Egypt (PIAGHE DI EGITTO)
PLAGUES OF EGYPT. - Punitive portents wrought by God through Moses and Aaron in Egypt following Pharaoh's repeated refusals to let the… -
Protoevangelium (PROTOEVANGELO)
PROTOEVANGELIUM. - This is the customary designation for Gen. 3:15, because it contains the "first joyful announcement" of salvation for… -
Proverbs, Book of (PROVERBI, LIBRO DEI)
PROVERBS, Book of. - Third (after Job and the Psalms) of the didactic books of the Old Testament, first of the "sapiential" books.… -
Psalms (SALMI)
PSALMS. - Poetic compositions, of prayer or instruction, used in both Israelite and Christian worship, whose collection of 150 forms the… -
Psalter (Psaltery) (SALTERIO (SALTERO))
PSALTER (PSALTERY). - This was the name given (from ψαλτήριον, psalterium, a stringed musical instrument, and hence, by analogy, the… -
Samuel (Heb. Šēmîšēl) (SAMUELE (EBR. ŠĒMIŠEL))
SAMUEL (Heb. Šēmîšēl). - The last "judge" (v.) of Israel, founder of the monarchy, prophet, who lived in the 11th century B.C. He gave his… -
Song of Songs (CANTICO DEI CANTICI)
SONG OF SONGS. - A poetic book of the Bible, included in the third class known as the Kethōbhim, or Hagiographa; in the Hebrew Bible, it is… -
Synoptic Gospels (SINOTTICI, VANGELI)
SYNOPTIC GOSPELS. - Title given to the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke because, transcribed in parallel columns, they can easily be taken… -
Tobias (TOBIA)
TOBIAS. - A pious Jew who gives his name to the deuterocanonical book of the Old Testament that narrates his story. In the Vulgate the… -
Wisdom Books (SAPIENZIALI, LIBRI)
WISDOM BOOKS. - In the division of the writings of the Old Testament into historical, prophetic and wisdom books, the latter designation… -
Zaccaria (Heb. Zēhharjâh « Jahweh si è ricordato ») (ZACCARIA (EBR. ZÉHHARJÂH « JAHWEH SI È RICORDATO »))
ZACCARIA (Heb. Zēhharjâh « Jahweh si è ricordato »). - Name of a king, of a prophet of Israel, and of various minor figures of the Old… -
Zechariah, Prophet (ZACCARIA, PROFETA)
ZECHARIAH, PROPHET. - Penultimate of the minor prophets. His name (Zéhharjâh "Yahweh remembers") well corresponds to the content of his… -
Zeitschrift Für Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR DIE ALTTESTAMENTLICHE WISSENSCHAFT. - It is the most authoritative specialized German journal for Old Testament studies,… -
Zephaniah (Heb. Şēphanjāh "Yahweh Protects") (SOFONIA (EBR. ŞĒPHANJĀH « JAHWEH PROTEGGE »))
ZEPHANIAH (Heb. Şēphanjāh "Yahweh Protects"). - One of the "minor prophets," ninth in the series, who carried on his activity in the time…