ALFEO

ALFEO. — The name ‘Αἰαΐτος’ is probably the Hebrew or Aramaic Halpai (1 Macc. 11:70; Calphi, Gr. Χαλφί), formed like ‘Αγγαῖος from Haggai; it designates two figures in the New Testament.

1) Father of the apostle Levi (Mark 2:14) or Matthew. The so-called “Western text” (mss. D, O, 565, Ferrar group, Old Latin, Tatian and Ephrem) identifies him by substituting James for Levi. Among moderns, only F. Kirmis accepts this identification.

2) Father of the apostle James “the Less” according to the four lists of apostles (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13).

If Mary, the mother of James the Less (Mark 15:40; 16:1), was the “wife” of Clopas or Κλωπᾶς (John 19:25), then A. seems to be identified with Clopas (v.), whether he bore a single name in two Semitic and Greek forms (as Jesus-Jason, Simeon-Simon) or the single name Halpai was transliterated in two different ways (R. Cornely), or whether he bore two names like Levi-Matthew (M.-J. Lagrange). A. Clopas would be the father of the four “brothers of the Lord” (cf. Matt. 13:55 and Mark 6:3; Matt. 27:56 and Mark 15:40).

But the identity of A. with Clopas is contested, based on what is handed down by Hegesippus, by many Catholics (e.g., P. Schegg, J. Mader, A. Durand), as well as by the majority of Protestants. Th. Calmes and I. Vosté consider the Mary of John 19:25 to be the “sister” of Clopas and the wife of A. According to F. Prat, this Mary first married A., by whom she had James and Joseph, then Clopas, by whom she had Simon and Jude.

It may be presumed that A., of whose life nothing is known, died before the public life of Jesus Christ.

BIBL.: For the identity A.-Clopas (besides R. Cornely and M.-J. Lagrange, Ev. selon St Marc., 4th ed., Paris 1929, pp. 40, 67); F. X. Meinertz, Der Jakobusbrief und sein Verfasser, Freiburg im Br. 1905, pp. 25-27; S. Rosadini, Inst. introductoriae in libros N. T., III, Rome 1925, pp. 11-12; J. Chaine, L’épître de St Jacques, Paris 1927, p. xxxiii. — For the distinction of A. from Clopas: Wetzel, Alphaeus und Klopas, in Theol. Studien und Kritiken, 36 (1863), pp. 620-27; Th. Calmes, Saint Jean, Paris 1904, pp. 174-176; A. Durand, L’enfance de Jésus, Paris 1908, pp. 219-221; F. Kirmis, Maria, die immerwährende Jungfrau, Breslau 1917; F. Prat, La Parenté de Jésus, in Recherches de sc. rel., 17 (1927), pp. 127-38; id., Jésus-Christ, I, Paris 1933 (16th ed. 1947), pp. 533-45; J. Vosté, De conceptione virginali I. Christi, Rome 1933, pp. 125-26.