Inquirie being made of the best and fairest virgines, (5. Esther the vnknowe neece of Mardocheus a •ew) is preferred, 18. and made Queene in place of Vasthi; a mariage feast made, and presentes geuen. 21) Mardocheus detecteth traitors, and his seruice is recorded in the regester.
1After this, when the wrath of king Assuerus was appeased, he remembered Vasthi, and what she had done and what she had suffered:Dopo tali cose calmato essendo lo sdegno del re, egli si ricordò di Vasthi, e di quel che ella avea fatto, e della sua punizione:THESE thinges so done, after the indignation of king Assuerus was asswaged, he remembred Vasthi, and what she had done, or what she had suffered:His ita gestis, postquam regis Assueri indignatio deferbuerat, recordatus est Vasthi, et quæ fecisset, vel quæ passa esset: 2And the king’s servants and his officers said: Let young women be sought for the king, virgins and beautiful,E i servi, e i ministri del re dissero: Si cerchino pel re delle fanciulle vergini, e avvenenti,and the kings seruantes and his ministers said: Let there be maydens sought for the king, virgins and beautiful,dixeruntque pueri regis ac ministri ejus: Quærantur regi puellæ virgines ac speciosæ, 3And let some persons be sent through all the provinces to look for beautiful maidens and virgins: and let them bring them to the city of Susan, and put them into the house of the women under the hand of Egeus the eunuch, who is the overseer and keeper of the king’s women: and let them receive women’s ornaments, and other things necessary for their use.E si spedisca gente per tutte le Provincie a scegliere delle fanciulle vergini dotate di bellezza per condurle a Susa, e metterle nella casa delle donne sotto la cura dell'eunuco Egeo, governatore, e custode delle donne del re, e sia dato loro tutto quello, che si richiede pe' loro abbigliamenti, e tutto il necessario pe' loro bisogni:and let there be sent that may viewe through al prouinces beautiful maydens and virgins: and let them bring them to the citie of Susan, and deliuer them into the house of wemen vnder the hand of Egeus the eunuch, who is ouerseer of the kings wemen: and let them receiue wemens ornamentes, and other things necessarie to be vsed.et mittantur qui considerent per universas provincias puellas speciosas et virgines: et adducant eas ad civitatem Susan, et tradant eas in domum feminarum sub manu Egei eunuchi, qui est præpositus et custos mulierum regiarum: et accipiant mundum muliebrem, et cetera ad usus necessaria. 4And whosoever among them all shall please the king’s eyes, let her be queen instead of Vasthi. The word pleased the king: and he commanded it should be done as they had suggested.E quella, che darà più nel genio al re sarà regina in luogo di Vasthi. Il re approvò la proposizione, e comandò, che si facesse, come quegli avean consigliato.And which so euer among al shal please the kings eies, let her reigne for Vasthi. The word pleased the king: and so as they had suggested, he commanded to be done.Et quæcumque inter omnes oculis regis placuerit, ipsa regnet pro Vasthi. Placuit sermo regi: et ita, ut suggesserant, jussit fieri.
5There was a man in the city of Susan, a Jew, named Mardochai, the son of Jair, the son of Semei, the son of Cis, of the race of Jemini,Era in Susa un uomo Giudeo per nome Mardocheo, figliuolo di Jair, figliuolo di Semei, figliuolo di Cis, della stirpe di Jemini,There was a man in the citie of Susan a Iew, named Mardocheus, the sonne of Iair, the sonne of Semei, the sonne of Cis, of the stocke of Iemini,Erat vir Judæus in Susan civitate, vocabulo Mardochæus filius Jair, filii Semei, filii Cis, de stirpe Jemini, 6Who had been carried away from Jerusalem at the time that Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon carried away Jechonias king of Juda,Il quale era stato menato via da Gerusalemme in quel tempo, in cui Nabucodonosor re di Babilonia avea trasportato Jechonia, re di Giuda,who had beene transported from Ierusalem the same time, that Nabucodonosor the king of Babylon transported Iechonias the king of Iuda,qui translatus fuerat de Jerusalem eo tempore quo Jechoniam regem Juda Nabuchodonosor rex Babylonis transtulerat, 7And he had brought up his brother’s daughter Edissa, who by another name was called Esther: now she had lost both her parents: and was exceeding fair and beautiful. And her father and mother being dead, Mardochai adopted her for his daughter.Ed egli aveva educata la figliuola di suo fratello Edissa chiamata con altro nome Esther, la quale avea perduti i suoi genitori, ed era oltre modo bella, e di aspetto grazioso: e morti che furono il padre, e la madre, Mardocheo l'aveva adottata in figliuola.who was the foster father of his brothers daughter Edissa, which by an other name was called Esther: and she had lost both her parentes: exceeding beautiful, and of comely face. And her father and mother being dead, Mardocheus adopted her for his daughter.qui fuit nutritius filiæ fratris sui Edissæ, quæ altero nomine vocabatur Esther, et utrumque parentem amiserat: pulchra nimis, et decora facie. Mortuisque patre ejus ac matre, Mardochæus sibi eam adoptavit in filiam. 8And when the king’s ordinance was noised abroad, and according to his commandment many beautiful virgins were brought to Susan, and were delivered to Egeus the eunuch: Esther also among the rest of the maidens was delivered to him to be kept in the number of the women.Ed essendosi divulgato l'ordine del re, e conducendosi a Susa secondo il comando di lui molte belle vergini, e consegnandosi queste all'eunuco Egeo, fu a lui rimessa tralle altre fanciulle anche Esther, per essere serbata colle altre donne.And when the kings commandment was bruited abrode, and according to his commandement many fayre virgins were brought to Susan, and were deliuered to Fgeus the eunuch: Esther also among the rest of the maydens was deliuered to him, that she might be kept in the number of the wemen.Cumque percrebruisset regis imperium, et juxta mandatum illius multæ pulchræ virgines adducerentur Susan, et Egeo traderentur eunucho, Esther quoque inter ceteras puellas ei tradita est, ut servaretur in numero feminarum.
9And she pleased him, and found favour in his sight. And he commanded the eunuch to hasten the women’s ornaments, and to deliver to her her part, and seven of the most beautiful maidens of the king’s house, and to adorn and deck out both her and her waiting maids.Ed ella piacque a lui, e trovò grazia negli occhi di lui; ed egli comandò a un eunuco, che mettesse presto in ordine il suo corredo, e di darle la sua Porzione di vitto, e sette figlie delle più elle della casa del re, e che ornasse, e abbigliasse tanto lei, come le sue cameriere.Who pleased him, and found grace in his sight. And he commanded the eunuch, that he should hasten the wemens ornamentes, and should deliuer her, her partes, & seuen the most beautiful maydens of the kings house, and should adorne and decke both her and her wayting maydes.Quæ placuit ei, et invenit gratiam in conspectu illius. Et præcepit eunucho, ut acceleraret mundum muliebrem, et traderet ei partes suas, et septem puellas speciosissimas de domo regis, et tam ipsam quam pedissequas ejus ornaret atque excoleret. 10And she would not tell him her people nor her country. For Mardochai had charged her to say nothing at all of that:Ma ella non volle far sapere a lui di qual gente, e di qual patria ella fosse; perocché Mardocheo le aveva ordinato, che nulla di questo dicesse:Who would not tel him her people and countrie. For Mardocheus had commanded her, that of this thing she should altogether keepe silence:Quæ noluit indicare ei populum et patriam suam: Mardochæus enim præceperat ei, ut de hac re omnino reticeret: 11And he walked every day before the court of the house, in which the chosen virgins were kept, having a care for Esther’s welfare, and desiring to know what would befall her.Or egli passeggiava tutti i giorni dinanzi al vestibolo della casa, dove erano in serbo le vergini elette, sollecito della salute di Esther, e bramoso di sapere quel, che si fosse di lei.who walked daily before the entrance of the house, wherin the chosen virgins were kept, taking care of Esthers welfare, and desirous to know what should chance vnto her.qui deambulabat quotidie ante vestibulum domus, in qua electæ virgines servabantur, curam agens salutis Esther, et scire volens quid ei accideret. 12Now when every virgin’s turn came to go in to the king, after all had been done for setting them off to advantage, it was the twelfth month: so that for six months they were anointed with oil of myrrh, and for other six months they used certain perfumes and sweet spices.E quando fu venuto il tempo, in cui ciascheduna delle fanciulle doveva essere l'una dopo l'altra presentata al re, essendo già fatto tutto quel, che richiedeasi per metterle in ordine di tutto punto, correva già il duodecimo mese; perocché per sei mesi si ungevano con olio di mirra, e per altri sei facevano uso di certi unguenti, e aromati.And when the time of euerie virgin in order was come, that they should goe in to the king, al things accomplished that perteyned to wemens ornamentes, it was the twelfth moneth: yet so, that for six monethes they were anoynted with oyle of myrtle, and other six monethes they vsed certayne payntings and sweete spices.Cum autem venisset tempus singularum per ordinem puellarum ut intrarent ad regem, expletis omnibus quæ ad cultum muliebrem pertinebant, mensis duodecimus vertebatur: ita dumtaxat, ut sex mensibus oleo ungerentur myrrhino, et aliis sex quibusdam pigmentis et aromatibus uterentur.
13And when they were going in to the king, whatsoever they asked to adorn themselves they received: and being decked out, as it pleased them, they passed from the chamber of the women to the king’s chamber.E quando andavano a presentarsi al re, era dato ad esse tutto quello, che domandavano per abbigliarsi; e ornati in quel modo, che lor piaceva, dall'appartamento delle donne passavano nella camera del re.And going in to the king, what soeuer they asked that perteyned to adorning they receiued: and being trimmed, as it pleased them, they passed from the chamber of the wemen to the kings chamber.Ingredientesque ad regem, quidquid postulassent ad ornatum pertinens, accipiebant: et ut eis placuerat, compositæ de triclinio feminarum ad regis cubiculum transibant. 14And she that went in at evening, came out in the morning, and from thence she was conducted to the second house, that was under the hand of Susagaz the eunuch, who had the charge over the king’s concubines: neither could she return any more to the king, unless the king desired it, and had ordered her by name to come.E quella, che vi era andata la sera, ne usciva la mattina, e di lì era condotta in un altro appartamento, del quale avea la custodia l'eunuco Susagazi, il quale era governatore delle concubine del re; ed ella non avea permissione di tornare di nuovo dal re, se il re non la desiderava, e non comandava, che dessa nominatamente venisse.And she that went in at euening, came out in the morning, and from thence she was brought to the second house, that was vnder the hand of Susagazus the cunuch, who was chiefe ouer the kings concubines: neither had she power to returne any more to the king, vnlesse the king had willed, and had commanded her to come by name.Et quæ intraverat vespere, egrediebatur mane, atque inde in secundas ædes deducebatur, quæ sub manu Susagazi eunuchi erant, qui concubinis regis præsidebat: nec habebat potestatem ad regem ultra redeundi, nisi voluisset rex, et eam venire jussisset ex nomine. 15And as the time came orderly about, the day was at hand, when Esther, the daughter of Abihail the brother of Mardochai, whom he had adopted for his daughter, was to go in to the king. But she sought not women’s ornaments, but whatsoever Egeus the eunuch the keeper of the virgins had a mind, he gave her to adorn her. For she was exceeding fair, and her incredible beauty made her appear agreeable and amiable in the eyes of all.Or dopo un certo spazio di tempo era imminente il giorno, in cui veniva il turno di dover essere presentata al re, Esther figliuola di Abihail fratello di Mardocheo, adottata da questo per sua figliuola: ed ella non cercò ornamenti donneschi, ma l'eunuco Egeo custode delle vergini le diede quello, che a lui parve per abbigliarsi; perocché ella era molto avvenente, e di beltà incredibile, e agli occhi di tutti compariva graziosa, e amabile.And the time by order coming about, the day was at hand, that Esther the daughter of Abihail the brother of Mardocheus, whom he had adopted for his daughter, should goe in to the king. Who sought not wemens ornamentes, but whatsoeuer Egeus the eunuch the keper of the virgins would, those things he gaue her to her adorning. For she was exceding fayre, and of incredible beautie, she semed to al mens eies gratious and amiable.Evoluto autem tempore per ordinem, instabat dies quo Esther filia Abihail fratris Mardochæi, quam sibi adoptaverat in filiam, deberet intrare ad regem. Quæ non quæsivit muliebrem cultum, sed quæcumque voluit Egeus eunuchus custos virginum, hæc ei ad ornatum dedit. Erat enim formosa valde, et incredibili pulchritudine: omnium oculis gratiosa et amabilis videbatur. 16So she was brought to the chamber of king Assuerus the tenth month, which is called Tebeth, in the seventh year of his reign.Ella fu adunque condotta nella camera del re Assuero il decimo mese chiamato Tebeth, l'anno settimo del suo regno.She therfore was brought to the chamber of king Assuerus the tenth moneth, which is called Tebeth, in the seuenth yeare of his reigne.Ducta est itaque ad cubiculum regis Assueri mense decimo, qui vocatur Tebeth, septimo anno regni ejus.
17And the king loved her more than all the women, and she had favour and kindness before him above all the women, and he set the royal crown on her head, and made her queen instead of Vasthi.E il re la amò più di tutte le altre donne, ed ella trovò grazia, e favore dinanzi a lui sopra tutte le donne; ed ei le pose in testa il diadema reale, e la fece regina in luogo di Vasthi.And the king loued her more then al the wemen, and she had grace and mercie before him aboue al the wemen, and he put the crowne of the kingdom on her head, and made her reigne in steede of Vasthi.Et adamavit eam rex plus quam omnes mulieres, habuitque gratiam et misericordiam coram eo super omnes mulieres: et posuit diadema regni in capite ejus, fecitque eam regnare in loco Vasthi. 18And he commanded a magnificent feast to be prepared for all the princes, and for his servants, for the marriage and wedding of Esther, And he gave rest to all the provinces, and bestowed gifts according to princely magnificence.E ordinò, che si facesse un magnificentissimo convito a tutti i principi, e a tutti i servi suoi a causa del matrimonio, e delle nozze di Esther: concedette immunità a tutte le Provincie, e distribuì doni con magnificenza da principe.And he commanded a verie magnifical feast to be prepared to al the princes, and to his seruantes, for the coniunction, and mariage of Esther. And he gaue rest to al the prouinces, and bestowed giftes according to princely magnificence.Et jussit convivium præparari permagnificum cunctis principibus et servis suis pro conjunctione et nuptiis Esther. Et dedit requiem universis provinciis, ac dona largitus est juxta magnificentiam principalem. 19And when the virgins were sought the second time, and gathered together, Mardochai stayed at the king’s gate,Or mentre per la seconda volta si cercavano, e si radunavano delle vergini pel re, Mardocheo se ne stava presso alla porta del re:And when virgins were sought the second time and gathered together, Mardocheus taried at the kings gate,Cumque secundo quærerentur virgines et congregarentur, Mardochæus manebat ad januam regis: 20Neither had Esther as yet declared her country and people, according to his commandment. For whatsoever he commanded, Esther observed: and she did all things in the same manner as she was wont at that time when he brought her up a little one.Ma Esther secondo l'ordine di lui non aveva ancora manifestata la sua patria, e la sua nazione. Perocché Esther faceva puntualmente tutto quello, ch'ei le prescriveva; e in tutte le cose si di portava, come era solita di fare nel tempo, ch'egli da piccolina la educava.neither had Esther as yet vttered her countrie, & people, according to his cōmandment. For what soeuer he commanded, Esther obserued: and she did al thinges so as she was wont at that time, when he nourished her a litle one.necdum prodiderat Esther patriam et populum suum, juxta mandatum ejus. Quidquid enim ille præcipiebat, observabat Esther: et ita cuncta faciebat ut eo tempore solita erat, quo eam parvulam nutriebat.
21At that time, therefore, when Mardochai abode at the king’s gate, Bagathan and Thares, two of the king’s eunuchs, who were porters, and presided in the first entry of the palace, were angry: and they designed to rise up against the king, and to kill him.Nel tempo adunque, che Mardocheo stava alla porta del re, Bagathan e Thares due eunuchi del re, che erano anche custodi della porta, e presedevano al primo ingresso del palazzo, malcontenti del re pensarono di ribellarsegli, e ucciderlo.At that time therfore, when Mardocheus abode at the kings gate, Bagathan, and Thares were angrie, two of the kings eunuches, that were porters, and were chiefe in the first entrie of the palace: and they would make insurrection against the king, and kil him.Eo igitur tempore, quo Mardochæus ad regis januam morabatur, irati sunt Bagathan et Thares duo eunuchi regis, qui janitores erant, et in primo palatii limine præsidebant: volueruntque insurgere in regem, et occidere eum. 22And Mardochai had notice of it, and immediately he told it to queen Esther: and she to the king in Mardochai’s name, who had reported the thing unto her.E Mardocheo scoperse la cosa, e la fece subito sapere ad Esther regina, ed ella la disse al re per parte di Mardocheo, che a lei l'avea indicata.Wherof Mardocheus gotte notice, and immediatly he told it to queene Esther: and she to the king in the name of Mardocheus, who had reported the thing vnto her.Quod Mardochæum non latuit, statimque nuntiavit reginæ Esther: et illa regi ex nomine Mardochæi, qui ad se rem detulerat. 23It was inquired into, and found out: and they were both hanged on a gibbet. And it was put in the histories, and recorded in the chronicles before the king.Si fecero perquisizioni, e la cosa fu messa in chiaro; e furono appesi ambedue ad un patibolo. E fu ciò registrato nelle storie, e posto negli annali in presenza del re.It was examined, and found: and they were both hanged on a gibbet. And it was put in the histories, and registred in the cronicles before the king.Quæsitum est, et inventum: et appensus est uterque eorum in patibulo. Mandatumque est historiis, et annalibus traditum coram rege.
2:1
Suffered. He began to repent. The Persians used to deliberate when warm with wine: but their decrees were not ratified till they had examined them again the next day. (Herodotus 1:133.)
Calmet
This was not the case here; the king divorced his wife without any delay. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint intimate that he presently lost thoughts of her. "He no longer remembered Vasthi with any affection, reflecting what she had said, and how he had condemned her." (Haydock)
Calmet
But the Alexandrian copy agrees with the Hebrew. (Calmet)
2:2
2:3
House. Distinct from the palace, ver. 14.
Women's. Hebrew, "things for rubbing, (Calmet) or purification;" (Haydock) such as perfumes, but not clothes.
2:4
Commanded. Hebrew, "did so."
2:5
Calmet
Jew. He was of the tribe of Benjamin. But all went by this name, after the captivity. Mardochai had probably returned from Jerusalem, seeing things were unfinished there, 1 Esdras 2:2. (Calmet)
Semei, who cursed David. (Chaldean)
2:6
Year of the World 3485.
Du Hamel
Who. This may refer to Cis, the great-grandfather of Mardochai, if we postpone this history till the latter end of the Persian monarchy. (Du Hamel)
Cicero
But it more naturally applies to Mardochai himself, who (chap. 11:4.; Tirinus) was led captive 80 years before, being then perhaps 10 years old, so that he would now be only 90; an age when many are fit for great things. (Calmet) (Cicero, de Senect.)
Haydock
He might even have been an infant when taken, and of course would not be much above 80 when he came into such favour. (Haydock)
2:7
Calmet
Brothers. Josephus, ([Antiquities?] 11:6.) the old Latin version of the Syriac, Abenezra, etc., suppose that Mardochai was uncle to Esther. But the Hebrew, Syriac, Greek, and Chaldean assert that he was only her cousin. Septuagint, "daughter of Aminadab, (or rather Abihail, ver. 15.) his father's brother, and her name was Esther; and after her parents were dead, he educated her for a wife;" eis gunaika, as some Rabbins also maintain, believing she was an heiress. Yet other Greek copies, Hebrew, etc., read, "he educated her as a daughter, thugatera: for the damsel was very beautiful." He had probably adopted her. (Calmet)
Menochius
Edissa. Hebrew hadassa, (Haydock) or Hadassah, signified "of myrtle." (Menochius)
Calmet
Esther, "a sheep." (Calmet)
2:9
Tirinus
And he, Egeus, commanded the under eunuch. (Tirinus)
Calmet
Hebrew, "he quickly gave her her things for purifications, (ver. 3.) and her portions, with seven maids, suitable for her, out of the king's house; and he charged her and her maids to dwell in the best of the women's house," (Haydock) where things were the most commodious. (Calmet)
2:10
Haydock
Would. Hebrew, "had not declared." He was not influenced to treat her thus on account of her royal extraction. (Haydock)
Calmet
In effect, the Jews were despised. (Calmet)
2:11
Tirinus
Court. He was one of the life-guards, Esther 11:3. (Tirinus)
Calmet
This situation enabled him to disclose a conspiracy, (ver. 23., and Esther 12:5.) as he often went to enquire after the health of Esther. (Calmet)
2:12
Turn. This was rigidly observed, in that country, where polygamy prevailed, Genesis 30:16. (Herodotus 3:69.)
Calmet
The wives were "shut up in separate apartments," (Just. 1:9.) in the remotest parts of the palace. (Calmet)
Twelfth. A full year elapsed before they could be admitted.
Haydock
A sweet. Protestants, "other things for the purifying of the women." (Haydock)
Curtius iii
It would be difficult to form an adequate idea of the luxury of the Persians, if the Scripture had not informed us. The kings were not satisfied with one wife. Assuerus had 400; (Josephus) and Darius Codomannus carried 360 with him, in his expeditions. (Curtius iii.)
Parmenio took an incredible number of his concubines, at Damascus. (Athen. 13:9.)
Calmet
They were not all treated alike, but all were very sumptuously adorned. Cities were allotted to furnish one with sandals, another with girdles, etc. (Cicero in Verrem. v.) (Calmet)
2:15
Abihail. Septuagint, "Aminadab, brother of Mardochai's father." (Haydock) (Ver. 7.)
2:16
Year of the World 3490, Year before Christ 514.
Calmet
Tenth. Septuagint and old Vulgate, "twelfth month, which is Adar." Tebeth corresponds with December and January. (Calmet)
Haydock
Notwithstanding all exertions, Esther had been near four years in preparing; (Tirinus; Esther 1:3.; Calmet) unless some years had elapsed before she was brought, ver. 12. (Haydock)
Tirinus
She was guilty of no sin in becoming an inferior wife of the king. (Menochius) (Tirinus)
2:17
Calmet
Crown. Literally, "diadem," (Haydock) which was a bandage "of purple, striped with white," by which the queen was distinguished from the other wives. (Calmet)
The king wore "a four-square cidaris," with a similar ornament. (Alex. Genial. 1:27.)
Only one queen was chosen from all the wives, and she was "adored" by the rest. (Dion. Athen. 3:l.)
Calmet
Though God had forbidden marriages with infidels, (Calmet) at least with those of Chanaan, (Haydock) a dispensation might be granted, (Exodus xxxiv.; Tirinus; 2 Kings iii.; Worthington) for a greater good. Esther was not puffed up with her exaltation, and refrained from all forbidden meats, Esther 14:15. (Calmet)
Calmet
If she be the Artystona of Herotous, (VII. 69.; Haydock) as it is most probable, (Tirinus) her two sons, Arsames and Gobryas, had a command in the famous expedition of Xerxes. (Usher, the year of the world 3524.) (Calmet)
2:18
Haydock
Servants. Septuagint add, "seven days, and he magnified the nuptials of Esther." (Haydock)
Calmet
Rest, from labour. (Calmet)
Calmet
Septuagint, "remission to all his subjects," of tribute, as was sometimes done. (Herodotus 3:66.) (Tirinus) (Calmet)
Malvenda
Gifts, on Esther. (Chaldean) (Malvenda)
2:19
Haydock
And. Septuagint, "But Mardochai," etc. (Haydock)
They say nothing of the gifts, ver. 18.
Calmet
Second. The same process had been observed before, when Vasthi was chosen. (Calmet)
Tirinus
Mardochai was perhaps then one of the king's guards. (Haydock) (Ver. 11.) (Tirinus)
Menochius
This second inquiry is here specified, to introduce the following account. (Menochius)
2:20
Menochius
Commandment. No one interrogated her, as she had been educated at Susa, and was taken for a Persian lady, ver. 10. (Menochius)
2:21
Haydock
Bagathan, or Bagatha and Thara, Esther 12:1. One of the chief counsellors was called Bagatha. (Haydock)
Vatable
But these two were porters, (Calmet) or guards, of the king, (Septuagint; Grotius) or of the treasury. (Vatable)
Calmet
Some Greek copies and the Chaldean insinuate that they were displeased at the advancement of Mardochai. The latter supposes that they meant also to poison Esther. (Calmet)
Calmet
It appears that they wished to make Aman king, (Menochius) and the detection was always resented by him, Esther 12:6. (Calmet)
2:22
Notice of it, from Barnabaz, a Jew in the service of one of them. (Josephus [Antiquities?] 11:6.)
Worthington
He might also hear some suspicious words. (R. Calom.) (Worthington)
2:23
Calmet
King. Such histories were preserved with great care, 1 Esdras 6:1. (Calmet)
Haydock
Septuagint, "the king ordered a memorial of it to be kept in the royal library, for the praise of Mardochai's good will." (Haydock)
The latter also wrote an account, Esther 12:4.
2:6
Concordanza 4. Reg. 24.
2:8
Deut. •. v. 3. Israelites are forbid to marie with Gentiles, yet when there was no danger to be peruerted, and great hope of good, Esther by Mardocheus counsel consented to marie king Assuerus, though otherwise she detested the bed of the incircumcised, and of euerie stranger, •h 14. v. 15. K. Dauid also maried the kings daughter of Gessur. 2. Reg. 3. v. 3.
2:22
Mardocheus hearing suspicious wordes and obseruing their actions sawe that they intended euel and informed the King, wherby their ••eson was disouered. Rab. •alom. & Iosep.
2:23
C ch. 12. v. 1.
2:1
san Girolamo † 420 d.C. The Letters of St. Jerome 125.14
14. The world’s philosophers drive out an old passion by instilling a new one; they hammer out one nail by hammering in another. It was on this principle that the seven princes of Persia acted towards king Ahasuerus, for they subdued his regret for queen Vashti by inducing him to love other maidens.
2:1
1. RECORDATUS EST (ita Hebræus, Septuaginta, Chaldæus, Romani. Male ergo nonnulli legunt: « recordata est, » scilicet Vasthi) VASTHI, quod scilicet eam adeo speciosam et dilectam repudiasset. Unde subiit animum regis dolor et mæstitia, tam sui, quam Vasthi quam deamabat, causa: quem mœrorem ut abstergant regis ministri, suggerunt ei ut uxorem speciosiorem quæri curet per universum regnum, ne decretum repudii revocet; itaque aliquid de regia constantia et auctoritate deperdat, nimirum sicut clavus clavo truditur, sic amor amore pellitur. QUÆ PASSA ESSET, id est ut Hebræus qua sententia in eam lata esset, nimirum repudii et privationis regni.
2:3
3. EGEI EUNUCHI. To « Egei » alludit ad Vagao, sive Bagous, quod Persice significat eunuchum. Vide dicta Judith XII, 10. Porro eunuchi olim erant intimi regi et principes aulæ, qui videbant faciem regis, illique erant familiarissimi, ut patet cap. I, vers. 10, ubi Chaldæus pro eunuchis vertit satrapas.
2:5
5. ERAT VIR JUDÆUS IN SUSAN CIVITATE, VOCABULO MARDOCHÆUS. Licet enim Mardochæus cum Zorobabel et Jesu Pontifice sub Cyro e Babylone rediisset in Jerusalem, imo unus e primoribus et ducibus redeuntium fuisset, ut patet lib. I Esdræ cap. II, vers. 2; tamen ipse mox e Jerusalem rediit in Susan, eo quod esset « vir magnus, et inter primos aulæ regiæ, » ut dicitur cap. XI, vers. 4. Erat enim « ad januam regis, » quasi ejus ostiarius, cubicularius, et corporis regii custos. Ostiarios enim regiæ fuisse regis custodes testatur Xenophon et Herodotus. Unde Josephus Ben Gorion ait Mardochæum unum fuisse e tribus Parthenim, id est aulæ principibus et palatinis, de quibus vers. 3. Sic Daniel ob suam probitatem et prophetiam a Nabuchodonosor præpositus fuit toti Babyloni, Daniel. II, 48. Et Tobias, licet Hebræus et captivus, ob suam fidelitatem fuit œconomus Salmanasar, Tobiæ cap. I, ita virtus extulit priscos Judæos, alias gentilibus invisos. Porro « Mardochæus, » Hebraice idem est quod Mardachat, id est myrrha, vel amaritudo contritionis, vel myrrha contrita, vel docens contritionem, vel myrrha purissima. Ita Serarius. Item myrrha contritionum mearum, vel paupertatum mearum, vel pauperum meorum (dach enim est pauper) vel myrrha puritatum mearum, aut justorum meorum; dacha enim Syriace est mundare, purificare, justificare. Hæc omnia habet Pagninus in Nom. Hebr. omniaque apte competunt Mardochæo qui, cum Hebræis per Aman destinatus ad necem, amara passus est; sed per Esther omne fel in mel, amaritudo in dulcedinem; mæstitia in lætitiam conversa est. MARDOCHÆUS FILIUS JAIR, FILII SEMEI, FILII CIS, DE STIRPE JEMINI, id est de tribu Benjamin, ait Chaldæus, Septuaginta et Josephus. Nam Jemini fuit vir nobilis ex hac tribu; vel certe Benjamin per aphæresim בן Ben idem est quod Jamin, vel Jemini. Hinc colligimus Mardochæum et Esther oriundos fuisse ex Benjamin, et de stirpe regia Saulis; idque asserit Josephus, Serarius et alii. Cis enim fuit pater Saulis, hic Jonathæ et Miphiboseth, ex quo descendere videtur Mardochæus et Esther. Multæ enim generationes intermediæ subticentur hic, æque ac alibi. Addit Chaldæus: « Mardochæus erat vir pius, et orans ante Deum suum pro populo suo. » Quam id verum sit patebit ex decursu historiæ. Hinc patet Esther fuisse filiam Cis, pro quo Herodotus, lib. III, habet, filia Cyri, quia ipse non norat Cis, sed Cyrum; putabatque Esther esse Persianam, non Judæam, Esther enim, sive Hadasa, videtur esse Atossa Herodoti.
2:6
6. QUI TRANSLATUS FUERAT DE JERUSALEM EO TEMPORE, QUO JECHONIAM REGEM JUDA NABUCHODONOSOR REX BABYLONIS TRANSTULERAT in Babylonem, IV Regum cap. ultimo. To « qui » Rupertus, lib. VIII, cap. V, Cajetanus, Scaliger et Serarius referunt ad « Cis, » quasi hic cum Jechonia translatus sit, non vero Mardochæus; sic enim, inquiunt, ipse vixisset ducentos circiter annos, quod illo ævo erat insolitum. Verum to « qui » referre ad « Mardochæum, » non ad « Cis, » liquet; tum quia hoc sermonis nexus, et plana constructio, quæ tota est de Mardochæo, exigit; tum quia Mardochæum cum Jechonia translatum esse diserte dicitur, capite XI, versu 4; ex quo liquet ipsum in sua persona, non in suo patre, vel avo (uti nonnulli explicant) fuisse translatum. Unde colligo et concludo historiam hanc contigisse, non sub Artaxerxe Longimano, ut multi volunt, multo minus sub Artaxerxe Mnemone; quia tamdiu vivere non potuit Mardochæus: quod enim Scaliger ait eum vixisse ducentos annos, alii 465, alii 490, incredibile videtur, et confutatur ex eo quod Esther, quæ erat Mardochæi neptis ex fratre, vers. 8, vocetur puella, id est juvencula. Erat enim ipsa sine dubio in ætate florenti, cum, ob formam cæteris virginibus prælata, conjux data est Assuero; quomodo enim rex anum rugosam et deformem appetiisset, vel admisisset in uxorem? Quare Mardochæus patruus Esther non potuit tunc esse centum annorum. Concludo ergo et assero historiam hanc contigisse sub Dario Hystaspis, illumque fuisse Assuerum maritum Esther, uti ostendi in Proœmio, cujus ætatem et annos sic subduco et calculo: Mardochæus, cum Jechonia translatus in Babylonem, erat puer circiter triennis. Adde 70 annos captivitatis Babylonicæ, deinde tres annos Cyri, sex Cambysis, et tres Darii Hystaspis (tertio enim regni anno duxit Estherem, ut patet cap. I, vers. 3), conflabis annos vitæ et ætatis Mardochæi 83. Ita ut Esther a fratre juniore Mardochæi genita fuerit 30 circiter annorum, quæ ætas est juventutis floridæ, aptæque conjugio. Hinc liquet unum eumdemque fuisse Mardochæum (non duos, ut vult Serarius et alii), qui cum Esdra, Nehemia, Zorobabel, Jesu Pontifice vixit, fuitque unus e ducibus populi redeuntis e Babylone, I Esdræ capite II, versu 2.
2:7
7. QUI FUIT NUTRITIUS FILIÆ FRATRIS. Hebræus, Chaldæus et Septuaginta habent fratris patris, id est patrui, quasi Esther fuerit patruelis, sive consobrina. ALTERO NOMINE VOCABATUR ESTHER. Hebraice ergo vocabatur Hadasa (Noster Edissa, Persice); et cum ascita est in thorum Darii regis Persarum, dicta est Esther. Unde Xerxes filius Darii uxorem habuit, cui nomen Amester vel Amestris, teste Herodoto, lib. VII, q. d. altera Esther. Porro Hadasa, sive Edissa, Hebraice idem est quod myrtus, vel myrtea; ita ergo fuit appellata ob eximiam pulchritudinem, probitatem, comitatem, et venustatem tum corporis, tum morum, præsertim virginalis pudoris et pudicitiæ, in qua fuit typus B. Virginis cæterarumque virginum sanctorum, uti per multas analogias ostendi, Zachariæ 1, 8; ubi hac de causa anno secundo Darii Hystaspis Zacharias vidit Angelum stantem inter myrteta, id est in aula Esther, quæ dicta est Hadasa, id est myrtus, quæque jam destinabatur uxor Dario ad salutem populi sui, uti ibidem ostendi. Itaque vocata est Hadasa, id est myrtus, ob eminentem pulchritudinem; myrtus enim est herbarum pulcherrima: unde et Venus speciosissima cognominata est myrtea. Sic et Philippus rex Franciæ a forma eximia cognominatus est pulcher. Ita Sanchez, Serarius et alii. Hæc autem pulchritudo corporis, et magis animi in Esther, æque ac in myrto, fuit solida et constans, juxta illud: « Myrtus semper est myrtus, etiamsi inter urticas sit, » uti Esther fuit inter Persas. ESTHER — ita dicta est a Persis, uti jam ostendi, quæ prius Hebraice vocabatur Hadasa, id est myrtus. Solebant enim Chaldæi et Persæ alienigenis, ac præsertim Hebræis, cum in urbem vel aulam adsciscerentur, mutare nomina, ac patria suæ gentis dare, uti Danieli dedere et sociis, cap. 1. Porro « Esther » Hebraice idem est quod abscondam, ait Pagninus, a radice סתר Satar, id est abscondit. Addit Serarius initio Prolegom. Esther idem est quod occulta demoliens, vel medicina exploratio et contemplatio, vel medicina turturis, vel pulchra ut luna, aut Venus. Unde ab Esther dici כוכבה, id est stella, quæ inde a Germanis dicitur sterre. Esther enim fuit astrum lucidius cæteris virginibus regiis; imo sol Israelis æque ac Persidis. Hinc iterum nomen Esther alludit ad Astartem Deam Syrorum, quam Venerem fuisse pulcherrimam Dearum tradit Cicero, lib. III De natura Deorum; et ad Asterem filiam Cei, Titanis filii, ex qua Jupiter genuit Herculem, uti aiunt, et fingunt Poetæ. Rursum « Esther » Hebraice idem est quod ignis absconditus: אש es enim est ignis, סתר satar abscondere; vel ignis turturis, vel ignis investigans et scrutans; es enim est ignis, תור tor est turtur, vel investigans et scrutans. Verum quia Esther est nomen Persicum, hinc et etymon ejus ab Arabibus et Persis (quorum lingua vicina est, et utraque ab Hebræa descendens) arcendum est. « Esther » ergo Arabice et Persice idem est quod receptatrix et protectrix, scilicet Judæorum ab Aman neci destinatorum: Satar enim est recipere, celare, abscondere, et protegere. Unde Satir Arabice est protector; satar est receptator, qui servos fugientes recipit, et occultat. Rursum Chaldaice et Syriace Satar significat opponere, contradicere, destruere, qualis fuit Esther, quæ se opposuit Amano, eumque destruxit, et crucifixit. Denique Pagninus, Esther, inquit, Chaldaice idem est quod hilaritas; et sic « Esther » Persice idem est quod Hebræum Hadasa, id est myrtus: hæc enim est symbolum lætitiæ et hilaritatis, quam Israeli attulit Esther eum liberando ab Amano et morte. Allegorice Esther est B. Virgo, ipsa enim sub alis suis recipit et protegit peccatores, et justos afflictos ad se confugientes; ipsa est hilaritas sanctorum et fidelium. Hinc ejus ope S. Hilaria mater S. Afræ martyris, orans ad filiæ sepulcrum a Gentilibus in ignem conjecta, hilariter martyrium obiit, æque ac S. Hilaria Claudii tribuni et martyris uxor, quæ orans ad sepulcrum Jasonis et Mauri filiorum suorum martyrum, capta a Paganis, percepta sancta synaxi, hilaris emisit spiritum, uti refert Ado in Martyrol. ad diem 12 augusti, et ad diem 3 decembris. Quocirca Ecclesia quotidie ita B. Virginem compellat et invocat: « Salve, Regina, mater misericordiæ, vita, dulcedo, et spes nostra, salve. » Et alibi: « Maria mater gratiæ, mater misericordiæ, tu nos ab hoste protege, et in hora mortis suscipe. » Et: « Ave, maris stella, Dei mater alma, » etc. « Pulchra ut luna, electa ut sol, terribilis ut castrorum acies ordinata. » Audi S. Bernardum, serm. 4 De Assumpt.: « Sileat misericordiam tuam, Virgo beata, si quis est qui invocatam te in necessitatibus suis sibi meminerit defuisse; nos quidem servuli tui cæteris in virtutibus congaudemus tibi, sed in hoc potius nobis ipsis; laudamus virginitatem, humilitatem miramur, sed misericordia miseris sapit dulcius, misericordiam amplectimur carius, recordamur sæpius, crebrius invocamus. » Porro Hadasa, sive Edissa, videtur esse Atossa, quam Herodotus, lib. III, uxorem Darii Hystaspis nuncupat, additque, lib. VII, sub initium, ejus filium primogenitum fuisse Xerxem, qui Dario patri in regno successit. Quare nonnulli censent Xerxem Estheris ex Dario fuisse filium. Audi Herodotum, lib. VII, ubi cum narrasset Darium, antequam rex crearetur, habuisse uxorem filiam Gobriæ, ex eaque genuisse Artabazanem, cum vero creatus fuit rex, duxisse Atossam, ex eaque genuisse Xerxem, cui Artabazani fratri de jure successionis in regnum litem movit, eique favens Demaratus Spartanus suggessit: « Ut ad cætera quæ dicebat, hoc adderet, se quidem genitum a Dario jam rege, et Persarum imperium obtinente; Artabazanem vero e Dario, cum erat privatus; proinde neque æquum, neque justum esse, alium quempiam potius quam se illam dignitatem adipisci. Quoniam Spartæ quoque sic usurparetur, ut, si cui, antequam regnet, filii nascantur; deinde regi jam alius nascatur, hujus postea nati successio regni sit. Hac a Demarato subjecta ratione utentem Xerxem tanquam juste dicentem, Darius regem declaravit, quamquam etiam citra præceptum Demarati Xerxes (ut mea fert opinio) regnasset; quippe cum omnis potentia penes Atossam esset. » Hæc Herodotus qui et inferius addit Xerxem movisse bellum Græcis, ac numerasse in castris militum 170 myriades, hoc est decies septies centena millia, sed in tanto numero nullum fuisse, qui cum Xerxe, vel magnitudine, tam animi, tum corporis, vel forma et specie tam augusta comparari posset; Xerxem vero ex alta specula tantas copias contemplantem illacrymasse; ac ab Artabano rogatum causam dixisse: « Reputantem me quam brevis est humana vita, subiit horum miseratio, quorum cum tot sint, nemo ad centesimum annum supererit, » tum subjunxisse Artabanum: « Vita hæc tam misera est, totque ærumnis referta, ut nullus hominum sit, cujus animo non crebro subeat moriendi voluntas potius quam vivendi, cuique vita, licet brevis sit, non perlonga videatur; itaque mors optatissimum est ærumnosæ vitæ perfugium, ac proinde non lugenda sed optanda potius et ambienda. » MARDOCHÆUS SIBI EAM ADOPTAVIT IN FILIAM. Hinc patet primo Esther fuisse e tribu Benjamin, et stirpe regali Saulis; ex illa enim erat Mardochæus ejus patruus, imo pater adoptivus; secundo, eam fuisse orphanam; tertio, pie et sancte educatam a pio et sancto Mardochæo, qui ei quasi filiæ suum virtutis et pietatis spiritum inhalavit. Unde S. Hieronymus, epist. 140: « Ruth, inquit, Esther et Judith tanta gloria fuit, ut sacris voluminibus nomina indiderint. » Porro litteræ nominis Judith, et nominis Esther acceptæ, ut notæ numerorum eumdem numerum efficient, scilicet 161, ut ostendit Serarius initio Prolegomenorum.
2:9
9. QUÆ PLACUIT EI, Egeo eunucho, conquirenti virgines speciosas Assuero. ET PRÆCEPIT (Egeus præfectus eunuchorum) EUNUCHO (se inferiori et subdito) UT ACCELERARET MUNDUM (id est ornatum) MULIEBREM, ET TRADERET EI PARTES, id est demensam, statutamque cibi et epularum portionem: מנות Manoth enim Hebraice vocantur fercula, quæ unicuique apponuntur sigillatim, quales partes Eleana dedit Annæ uxori, I Reg. 1; et Samuel Sauli Regi, I Reg. x. Porro non dubium Estherem feminam religiosam abstinuisse a cibis lege Mosis sibi vetitis, uti ab idolothytis se abstinuisse ipsamet profitetur, cap. XIV, vers. 17. ET SEPTEM PUELLAS SPECIOSISSIMAS, quasi comites et pedissequas honorarias.
2:12
12. MENSIS DUODECIMUS. Integro ergo anno singulæ virgines ornabantur et excolebantur, antequam Assuerum adirent; nimirum sex prioribus mensibus ungebantur oleo myrrhino, sive ex myrrha confecto, aliis sex pigmentis, et aromatibus delicatis, et odoribus utebantur, ac præsertim confectis ex Heliocallide: « Hac enim cum adipe, inquit Plinius, lib. XXIV, cap. XVII, leonino decocta, addito croco et palmeo vino, perungunt Magos, et Persarum reges, ut fiat corpus aspectu jucundum, ideoque eamdem Heliocallidem nominari. » Causa fuit quod feminæ Judææ, æque ac Persicæ, ob regionis calorem graviter oleant, et hircinum odorem sub axillis exhalent, qui unguentis sensim a corpore imbibitis abstergendus est, ut suavem, quo imbuti sunt, odorem exhalent. Unde Plinius, libro XIII, capite I, unguenti et ungendi usum et originem Persis adscribit: « Persarum, inquit, esse debet gentis unguentum; illi madent eo, et accersita commendatione ingluvie naturæ virus exstinguunt. Primum, quod equidem inveniam, castris Darii regis expugnatis, in reliquo ejus apparatu Alexander cepit scrinium unguentorum; postea voluptas ejus a nostris quoque inter laudatissima atque honestissima vitæ bona admissa est. » Quin et Scriptura, Cant. IV, unguenta ex myrrha, croco, nardo, etc. eisdem assignat. Ita Lyranus, Sanchez et alii. Si ita uncta et ornata est Esther, ut placeret homini mortali, quomodo gratia et virtutibus uncta et ornata fuit B. Virgo, ut fieret sponsa Dei et mater Christi? Porro feminæ sunt philocosmæ, et ornatus studiosæ, unde Comicus: « Negotii, ait, quantum in muliere una est? quæ noctes diesque omni ætate semper ornantur, lavantur, poliuntur. » Et rursum: « Dum comantur, dum poliuntur, annus est. » Addit Athenæus, lib. I: « Persicæ mulieres ornatus plus æquo studiosæ. »
2:16
16. DUCTA EST ITAQUE AD CUBICULUM REGIS ASSUERI MENSE DECIMO (qui nostro partim decembri, partim januario respondet) SEPTIMO ANNO REGNI EJUS. Ergo per quadriennium exspectavit Esther ob multitudinem virginum, quæ adducebantur, antequam ipsa duceretur ad Assuerum; nam ipse tertio anno regni sui repudiata Vasthi, curavit quæri alias feminas speciosas, inter quas erat Esther. Porro hæ feminæ, hoc ipso quod ducebantur ad Assuerum, fiebant ejus concubinæ, id est secundariæ uxores; e quibus deinde unam primariam rex in Reginam eligebat, uti hic elegit Esther. Matrimonium enim fiebat per mutuum viri et feminæ consensum in copulam maritalem. Unde Josephus, lib. XI, cap. VI: « Cum, inquit, venisset ad regem Esther, ipse illa delectatus, ejusque amore captus, eam legitime ducit uxorem, et nuptias cum ea peragit, duodecimo mense septimi anni regni ejus, qui mensis Adar vocatur. » Quæres an Esther fidelis licite potuerit nubere Assuero infideli. Respondeo potuisse, quia Deut. VII, 3, tantum vetantur Judæis conjugia cum Chananceis, non autem cum Persis aliisque Gentibus. Ita Bellarminus, Serarius, Sanchez et alii. Adde Estherem non potuisse recusare hoc Regis edictum, ne ejus in se cæterosque Judæos iram provocaret; imo si ipsa restitisset, potuisset rex ea nolenti abuti, illique vim inferre. Denique sentiebant Esther et Mardochæus Dei instinctum ad conjugium cum rege ineundum, ut eum toti genti suæ conciliarent; itaque periculum necis ab Amano illi impendens discuterent. Allegorice « Esther regina est B. Virgo Maria, ait S. Bonaventura in Speculo, cap. VII, quæ ducta est in cubiculum Regis in Assumptione, in cubiculum quietis æternæ, gratiam veri Regis habens super omnes mulieres, id est super omnes intelligentias angelicas, et super omnes beatas animas, ut sit in Maria gratia super gratiam omnium beatorum; nam revera in capite ejus Rex regum diadema regni posuit tam impretiabile, tam delectabile, tam mirabile, quod hoc omni linguæ inenarrabile, omni ingenio inscrutabile est. » Quocirca Methodius in Hypapantem docet sacrum Mariæ caput a Deo coronatum esse. Idcirco Robertus, lib. III in Cant. IV, de illa exponit: « Coronaberis de cubilibus leonum, de montibus pardorum: Coronaberis, ait, ut in cœlis Regina Sanctorum, et in terris Regina sis regnorum. » Anagogice B. Virgo in cœlum assumpta ibidem coronata est Regina cœlorum, hominum et Angelorum. Unde Apoc. XII, 1, ipsa vocatur « mulier amicta sole, et luna sub pedibus ejus et in capite ejus corona stellarum duodecim, » vide ibi dicta. Audi S. Bernardum De Assumpt.: « Tunc B. Virgo quasi altera Esther de triclinio feminarum, id est, de Ecclesia militante adducta, et per totam militiam cœlestis exercitus ad cubiculum Assueri, scilicet summi Dei, ita ut illi conveniat Propheticum illud: Tenuisti manum dexteram meam, et in voluntate tua deduxisti me, et cum gloria suscepisti me. Quod hodie vere fuit completum, quando omnes cœli cives viderunt eam ascendentem, et deliciis divinorum amplexuum affluentem, innixam super dilectum suum. » Merito igitur canit Ecclesia, ut testatur S. Ildephonsus, serm. De Assumpt.: « Maria Virgo assumpta est ad æthereum thalamum, in quo Rex regum stellato, imo ineffabili, ut ait Ildephonsus, sedet solio. »
2:17
17. ET ADAMAVIT EAM REX PLUSQUAM OMNES MULIERES, quia Esther et pulchritudine, et modestia, verecundia, puritate, gratia, ac sanctitate omnes superabat; unde fuit typus B. Virginis quam Angelus salutavit, dicens: « Ave, gratia plena, Dominus tecum, benedicta tu in mulieribus, » Lucæ 1.
2:18
Vers. 18. ET DEDIT REQUIEM UNIVERSIS PROVINCIIS, a vectigalibus aliisque oneribus, hoc est, tributa relaxavit, quæ prius ipse populo imposuerat. Darium enim plura imposuisse docet Herodotus, lib. III: « Etenim sub Cyro, inquit, atque deinde sub Cambyse, nihil dum fuerat circa tributa institutum, sed munera afferebantur. Ob hanc tributorum ordinationem, et alia hujusmodi, Persæ aiunt Darium fuisse institorem, Cambysem autem dominum, Cyrum vero patrem: quoniam Darius res omnes quæstui habebat, Cambyses asper erat ac morosus; Cyrus autem mitem agens, et omni ratione de illis bene mereri studens. » Alii « requiem » hanc intelligunt a laboribus. q. d. Jussit Darius omnes ab operibus quiescere, et dies festos agere in lætitia et conviviis, ob tam insignes nuptias cum Esthere initas. AC DONA LARGITUS EST JUXTA MAGNIFICENTIAM PRINCIPALEM, id est regiam; nam Hebraice est juxta magnificentiam regis, quæ scilicet tantum regem decebat, quantus erat Darius.
2:19
19. CUMQUE SECUNDO QUÆRERENTUR VIRGINES. Hinc apparet bis quæsitas virgines Assuero, hoc enim verba sonant. Usitata enim erat tum polygamia, præsertim apud reges. Unde Salomon habuit 700 reginas et 300 concubinas, id est secundarias uxores. Sic etiamnum reges Turcarum, Arabum, Indorum, magnam habent turbam uxorum. Libido enim est insatiabilis, æque ac fastidiosa et curiosa; quam enim semel cognoverunt, mox fastidiunt, ac aliam quærunt, ut luxuriam non tam expleant, quam mutent, et experiantur num alibi voluptas sit major.
2:20
20. ITA CUNCTA FACIEBAT, UT EO TEMPORE SOLITA ERAT, QUO EAM PARVULAM NUTRIEBAT. Vide hic raram Estheris obedientiam, qua jam regina, imo imperatrix effecta, ita tamen obedit Mardochæo, uti obediebat parvula, atque per hanc obedientiam Deus eam prudentissime per omnia direxit, ut Amanum supplantaret, et populum a nece liberaret.
2:21
21. IRATI SUNT BAGATHAN ET THARES DUO EUNUCHI (Palatini, et aulici Darii), etc., VOLUERUNTQUE INSURGERE IN REGEM, ET OCCIDERE EUM. Qua de causa? Varii varias probabiliter assignant. Septuaginta hanc dant, quod rex ipsis prætulisset Mardochæum. Alii, quod Vasthi repudiasset, eique surrogasset Estherem. Alii, quod sua dignitate et gradu non essent contenti, sed majorem, imo regnum ambirent, sicut Smerdes Magus ante Darium per dolum regnum occuparat. Alii verisimilius, quod voluerint regnum ad alium, qui erat primus a rege, transferre; ideoque Aman conjurationis eorum fuisse conscium, vel auctorem arbitrantur, idque colligunt ex eo quod cap. XII, vers. 6, dicitur Aman offensus fuisse Mardochæo, eo quod ipse causa exstiterit, quod hi duo eunuchi suspenderentur. Erant ergo illi amici, fautores et administri Aman, ut cæso per eos rege, ipse illud quasi primus a rege occuparet; et eo quod, ait rex, cap. XVI, 12, de Aman: « Qui in tantum arrogantiæ tumorem sublatus est, ut regno privare nos niteretur et spiritu, » id est vita. Ambitio enim regnandi nihil non molitur, et omnia subvertit. Favet quod scribit Josippus filius Gorionis: « Cum sederet, inquit, Mardochæus in porta regis, advertit susurrum duorum eunuchorum regis, custodientium portam, et consultantium quomodo levarent manum contra regem, et ablatum ejus caput deferrent ad regem Macedoniæ, qui jam bellum indixerat regibus Persarum. Cum autem eunuchi suspensi essent in cruce, iratus est Aman valde, quod consiliarii sui sic acti essent in crucem, et conatus est exterminare omnes Judæos. » De bello hoc a rege Macedoniæ Dario et Persis indicto, nil alibi legimus; potuit tamen aliqua esse ejus suspicio, tum quia paulo post Xerxes filius Darii bellum gessit contra Macedones et Græcos; tum quia Alexander Magnus, qui fuit rex Macedoniæ, post aliquot annos monarchiam a Dario Codomano et Persis transtulit ad se et Macedones; tum quod Aman, qui erat Macedo, ambiret regnum, de quo plura cap. III, vers. 1.
2:5
3. Beniaminita, padre di Mardocheo (Esth. 2, 5).
… Dopo l'entrata di Esther nel harem del re (ca. 484 a. C.), M. continua a vegliare su lei, cui ha suggerito di tener nascosta la sua razza (Esth. 2, 5-11. 15). M. rivela la congiura di due eunuchi contro Serse (ibid. 2, 21 sg.). …
2:7
… Di esso si trovano tracce presso i popoli più antichi, come i Babilonesi (legge di Hammurabi) e i Greci. È controverso se gli Ebrei abbiano conosciuto e praticato l'a.; i testi biblici di solito addotti (Gen. 48, 12-20; Ex. 1, 10; Esth. 2, 7b) non sono conclusivi. …
2:12
MIRRA (EBR. MÔR; SETTANTA ΑΥΏΡΙΑ, LAT. MYRRHA)
… Vari passi biblici (Ps. 44, 9; 48, 8; Prov. 7, 17; Cont. 3, 6) parlano di letti e di vesti profumate con la m. Alla corte di Assuero le donne si purificavano per sei mesi con l'olio di m. (Esth. 2, 12). I Magi la presentarono al Bambino Gesù (Mt. 2, 11). Nella Crocifissione fu offerta, insieme al vino, per mitigare i dolori (Mc. 15, 23), ma Nostro Signore la rifiutò per sopportarli …
2:16
T. fa parte dei nomi di mese di origine babilonese, introdotti in Palestina in epoca piuttosto tarda, poiché s'incontrano solo nei testi biblici postesilici (tēbhēth in Esth. 2, 16; nīsān in Esth. 3, 7; Neh. 2, 1; 'ādhār in Esth. 3, 13; 8, 12; kislēw in Neh. 1, 1).
2:20
… I papiri appartengono allo stesso codice che i 16 fogli del pap. IX di Chester Beatty (v.), contenente Ex. 11, 25-17, 21 e Esth. 2, 20-8, 6, e i 13 fogli del pap. X di Chester Beatty con una parte della versione greca di Daniele. …
2:21
… Dopo l'entrata di Esther nel harem del re (ca. 484 a. C.), M. continua a vegliare su lei, cui ha suggerito di tener nascosta la sua razza (Esth. 2, 5-11. 15). M. rivela la congiura di due eunuchi contro Serse (ibid. 2, 21 sg.). …
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · Douay-Rheims originale (Douai 1609-10), trascrizione EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Pubblico dominio.