BERTRANDO DE TURRE. - Franciscan, cardinal, homiletic writer, b. ca. 1265-70 from the noble de la Tour family at Camboulit near Figeac (Lot), d. at the end of 1332 or the beginning of 1333. Having entered the Franciscan Order at a young age, he studied at Toulouse and Paris, where he became master in theology. In 1314 he was regent master in the Order's studium at Toulouse; from 1312 to 1319 he was provincial of Aquitaine and as such in 1315 conducted the trial of five "spirituals" (v.) of his province. John XXII on 29 Jan. 1317 sent him, together with Bernard Gui, as peacemaker to upper Italy. The report that the two made of the legation was published by S. Riezler, Vatikanische Akten zur deutschen Geschichte (Innsbruck 1891, pp. 22-39, analyzed by A. Ratti [Pius XI] in the Rendiconti del R. Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere, 2nd series, 25 [1902], pp. 985-96). In 1318 the same two were given the task of reconciling the Flemish with the French. Their missions did not meet with great success. B. was appointed archbishop of Salerno (3 Sept. 1320) and in the following Dec. cardinal of S. Vitale, a title which in 1323 he left for that of Tusculum (Frascati). He took part in the controversy over the poverty of Christ and the Apostles, without losing the favor of John XXII, who appointed him administrator of the Franciscan Order (1328-29).

Among the scholastics he had the name of Doctor famosus, probably because of his homiletic works, which were widely circulated and in part published: Sermonet de tempore et de sanctis cum quadrargemmali epistolari (2 vols. in 4to, Strasbourg 1501 under the garbled name of Berbardus Cura). Cardinal Pitra (Analecta novissima Spicilegii Solesmensi altera continuatio, II, Tusculum 1888, 466-512), gives the titles of the sermons contained in the codices Vat. lat. 1240-42. In the Strasbourg edition, I, f. cclxix ff. are inserted 32 sermons on the Eucharist, which are perhaps by St. Albert the Great. A summary of the treatise on the poverty of Christ was published by F. Tocco, La quistione della povertà nel secolo XIV (Naples 1910, pp. 64-74).

Bibliography4 works

BIBL.: E. Albe, Autour de Jean XXII, III: Les Quercynois en Italie, Rome 1904, pp. 71-78 (offprint from Annales de St-Louis-des-Français, VIII); L. Oliger, Fr. B. de T. Processus contra Spirituales Aquitaniae (1313), in Archivum Franc. hist., 16 (1923), p. 323 ff.; Ch. V. Langlois, in Histoire littéraire de la France, XXXV, Paris 1927, pp. 190-203; P. Gauchat, Cardinal B. de T. His participation in the theoretical Controversy concerning the Poverty of Christ and the Apostles under John XXII, Vatican City 1930.

Livario Oliger

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