YOUNG ITALY. – The founding of YOUNG ITALY, carried out by Mazzini in July 1831 in Marseilles, was determined on the one hand by distrust of the Carbonari uprisings, which were rather local in character and generally lacked sufficient ideological preparation, and on the other by the desire to assert the exigency of Italian unity, no longer a mere geographical expression but a programmatic goal to be achieved in the form of a republican government. The General Instruction for the members of YOUNG ITALY rejected any compromise with the monarchical status quo and with the existing state fragmentation in the peninsula. By affirming that YOUNG ITALY was «the brotherhood of Italians who believe in a law of Progress and Duty, and convinced that Italy is called to be a nation, consecrate, united in association, thought and action to the great aim of restoring Italy as a nation of free and equal men, One, Independent, Sovereign», Mazzini explicitly condemned the politics of restoration based on conserva-
GIOTTO di Bondone – Angel. Detail from the mosaic of the Navicella formerly in Old St Peter’s, now in Boville Ernica, church of S. Pietro Ispano.
YOUNG ITALY – JOANNA THE POPESS
She was healed by Jesus and, together with other pious women, followed and ministered to Him (διαχειρεῖν), spending of her own means during the preaching in Galilee (Lk 8:3).
J. was among the women who went to embalm the body of Jesus on the morning of the Resurrection (Lk 24:10). In both Lucan passages J. is named alongside Mary Magdalene. Perhaps St Luke, who alone mentions her, received from her information about Jesus’ ministry. Feast on 24 May in the Roman Martyrology. Antonino Romeo