The temple is repaired. Hazael is bought off from attacking Jerusalem. Joas is slain.
Ioas vvilleth the priestes to repaire vvhat needeth in the temple, receiuing al the money offered there. 6. vvhich they not performing, the high priest prouideth that al is amended, 16. the priestes receiuing only the money due to themselues. 17. Hazael king of Syria taking Geth, and threitning Ierusalem is pacified vvith money. 19. Ioas is traitarously slaine by his seruantes, and his sonne Amasias reigneth.
1In the seventh year of Jehu, Joas began to reign: and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem. The name of his mother was Sebia, of Bersabee.L'anno settimo di Jehu cominciò di Gioas a regnare, e regnò quarant'anni in Gerusalemme: sua madre si chiamò Sebia di Bersabee.IN the seuenth yeare of Iehu reigned Ioas: and he reigned fourtie yeares in Ierusalem. The name of his mother was Sebia of Bersabee.Anno septimo Jehu, regnavit Joas: et quadraginta annis regnavit in Jerusalem. Nomen matris ejus Sebia de Bersabee. 2And Joas did that which was right before the Lord all the days that Joiada, the priest, taught him.E Gioas fece quel, che era giusto nel cospetto del Signore per tutto il tempo, che ebbe per maestro Joiada sommo Sacerdote.And Ioas did right before our Lord al the daies, that Ioiada the priest taught him.Fecitque Joas rectum coram Domino cunctis diebus quibus docuit eum Jojada sacerdos. 3But yet he took not away the high places: for the people still sacrificed and burnt incense in the high places.Egli però non tolse via i luoghi eccelsi; perocché il popolo immolava tutt'ora, e bruciava incenso ne' luoghi eccelsi.But yet the excelses he tooke not away: for the people immolated & burnt incense in the excelses.Verumtamen excelsa non abstulit: adhuc enim populus immolabat, et adolebat in excelsis incensum. 4And Joas said to the priests: all the money of the sanctified things, which is brought into the temple of the Lord by those that pass, which is offered for the price of a soul, and which of their own accord, and of their own free heart, they bring into the temple of the Lord:Or Gioas disse ai Sacerdoti: Tutto il denaro sacro, che sarà portato nel tempio del Signore dai passeggieri, e quello, che è offerto per riscatto della persona, e quello, che spontaneamente, e per libera elezione è portato nel tempio del Signore,And Ioas sayd to the priestes: Al the money of the sanctified thinges, which is brought into the temple of our Lord by the passengers, which is offered for the price of a soule, and which of their owne accord, and of their owne free hart they bring into the temple of our Lord:Dixitque Joas ad sacerdotes: Omnem pecuniam sanctorum, quæ illata fuerit in templum Domini a prætereuntibus, quæ offertur pro pretio animæ, et quam sponte et arbitrio cordis sui inferunt in templum Domini: 5Let the priests take it according to their order and repair the house, wheresoever they shall see any thing that wanteth repairing.Lo riceveranno i sacerdoti secondo il loro turno, e faranno i risarcimenti della casa secondo che vedranno esservi il bisogno.let the priestes take it according to their order, and maynteine reparations of the house, if they shal see any thing that needeth reparation.accipiant illam sacerdotes juxta ordinem suum, et instaurent sartatecta domus, si quid necessarium viderint instauratione.
6Now till the three and twentieth year of king Joas the priests did not make the repairs of the temple.Or fino all'anno ventesimo terzo del re Gioas, i sacerdoti non fecero i risarcimenti del tempio.Therfore vntil the three and twenteth yeare of king Ioas, the priestes did not make reparations of the temple.Igitur usque ad vigesimum tertium annum regis Joas, non instauraverunt sacerdotes sartatecta templi. 7And king Joas called Joiada, the high priest, and the priests, saying to them: Why do you not repair the temple? Take you, therefore, money no more according to your order, but restore it for the repairing of the temple.E il re Gioas chiamò a se Joiada Pontefice, e i sacerdoti, e disse loro: Per qual motivo non avete voi fatto i risarcimenti del tempio? Non prendete adunque peli' avvenire il danaro nei vostri turni, ma lasciatelo pei risarcimenti del tempio.And king Ioas called Ioiada the high priest and the priestes, saying to them: Why make you not the reparations of the temple? Take you therfore money no more according to your order, but render it to the reparation of the temple.Vocavitque rex Joas Jojadam pontificem et sacerdotes, dicens eis: Quare sartatecta non instauratis templi ? nolite ergo amplius accipere pecuniam juxta ordinem vestrum, sed ad instaurationem templi reddite eam. 8And the priests were forbidden to take any more money of the people, and to make the repairs of the house.E fu vietato ai sacerdoti di continuare a prendere il danaro dal popolo, e di fare i risarcimenti della casa.And the priestes were prohibited to take money anie more of the people, and to make the reparations of the temple.Prohibitique sunt sacerdotes ultra accipere pecuniam a populo, et instaurare sartatecta domus. 9And Joiada, the high priest, took a chest, and bored a hole in the top, and set it by the altar at the right hand of them that came into the house of the Lord; and the priests that kept the doors, put therein all the money that was brought to the temple of the Lord.E il Pontefice Joiada prese una cassa, e vi fece farà una buca dalla parte di sopra, e la collocò presso all'altare dal lato destro riguardo a quelli, che entravan nella casa del Signore, e i sacerdoti, che custodivan le porte, gettavano in quella cassa tutto il denaro, che era portato al tempio del Signore.And Ioiada the high priest tooke a treasurie, and opened a hole in the toppe, and sette it by the altar at the right hand of them that goe into the house of our Lord, and the priestes that kept the doores, did cast into it al the money, that was brought to the temple of our Lord.Et tulit Jojada pontifex gazophylacium unum, aperuitque foramen desuper, et posuit illud juxta altare ad dexteram ingredientium domum Domini: mittebantque in eo sacerdotes qui custodiebant ostia, omnem pecuniam quæ deferebatur ad templum Domini.
10And when they saw that there was very much money in the chest, the king’s scribe, and the high priest, came up, and poured it out, and counted the money that was found in the house of the Lord.E quando si accorgevano, che troppo di denaro era nella cassa, il segretario del re, e il Pontefice andavano, e lo cavavano, e contavano tutto quel denaro, che trovavasi nella casa del Signore.And when they saw that there was very much money in the treasurie, the kinges scribe, and the high priest went vp, and powred it out, and counted the money, that was found in the house of our Lord:Cumque viderent nimiam pecuniam esse in gazophylacio, ascendebat scriba regis, et pontifex, effundebantque et numerabant pecuniam quæ inveniebatur in domo Domini: 11And they gave it out by number and measure into the hands of them that were over the builders of the house of the Lord: and they laid it out to the carpenters, and the masons, that wrought in the house of the Lord,E numeratolo, e pesatolo, lo rimettevano nelle mani di quelli, che risiedevano agli operai della casa del Signore, e quelli ne pagavano i legnaiuoli, e muratori, che lavoravano nella casa del Signore,and they gaue it according to number and measure into their hand, which did ouersee the masons of the house of our Lord: who bestowed it on carpenters, and on masons, such as wrought in the house of our Lord,et dabant eam juxta numerum atque mensuram in manu eorum qui præerant cæmentariis domus Domini: qui impendebant eam in fabris lignorum et in cæmentariis, iis qui operabantur in domo Domini, 12And made the repairs: and to them that cut stones, and to buy timber, and stones to be hewed, that the repairs of the house of the Lord might be completely finished, and wheresoever there was need of expenses to uphold the house.E facevano i risarcimenti, e quelli, che tagliavan le pietre, e comperavano i legnami, e le pietre da tagliare, affinchè fosse perfettamente risarcita la casa del Signore in qualunque parte occorresse dì spendere per la stabilita della casa.and made reparations: and on them that hewed stones, and that they should bye trees, and stones, that were hewed, so that the reparation of the house of our Lord was accomplished in al thinges, which had neede of cost to vphold the house.et sartatecta faciebant: et in iis qui cædebant saxa, et ut emerent ligna, et lapides, qui excidebantur, ita ut impleretur instauratio domus Domini in universis quæ indigebant expensa ad muniendam domum. 13But there were not made of the same money for the temple of the Lord, bowls, or fleshhooks, or censers, or trumpets, or any vessel of gold and silver, of the money that was brought into the temple of the Lord:Ma di quel denaro, che era portato al tempio del Signore, non si facevano le idrie, e le forchette, e i turiboli, e le trombe, né alcuno de' vasi d'oro, e d'argento del tempio del Signore:But yet there were not made of the same money the watter pottes of the temple of our Lord, and the fleshhookes, and censars, and trumpets, and euerie vessel of gold and siluer, of the money, that was brought into the temple of our Lord.Verumtamen non fiebant ex eadem pecunia hydriæ templi Domini, et fuscinulæ, et thuribula, et tubæ, et omne vas aureum et argenteum, de pecunia quæ inferebatur in templum Domini.
14For it was given to them that did the work, that the temple of the Lord might be repaired.Perocché egli si dava a quelli, che lavoravano ai risarcimenti del tempio del Signore:For it was geuen them that did the worke, that the temple of our Lord might be repayred:Iis enim qui faciebant opus, dabatur ut instauraretur templum Domini: 15And they reckoned not with the men that received the money to distribute it to the workmen, but they bestowed it faithfully.E non si faceva render conto a quelli, i quali riceveano il denaro per pagare gli artefici, ma lo amministravano sulla loro fede.and there was no account made with those men, that receiued the money to distribute it to the craftes men, but vpon their fidelitie they bestowed it.et non fiebat ratio iis hominibus qui accipiebant pecuniam ut distribuerent eam artificibus, sed in fide tractabant eam. 16But the money for trespass, and the money for sins, they brought not into the temple of the Lord, because it was for the priests.E non si portava nel tempio del Signore il danaro (offerto) per il delitto, o pel peccato, perchè questo era dei sacerdoti.But the money for offence, & the money for sinnes, they brought not into the temple of our Lord, because it was the priestes.Pecuniam vero pro delicto, et pecuniam pro peccatis non inferebant in templum Domini, quia sacerdotum erat. 17Then Hazael, king of Syria, went up, and fought against Geth, and took it, and set his face to go up to Jerusalem.Allora Hazael re di Siria andò all'assedio di Geth, e la prese; e si voltò per andare a Gerusalemme.Then Hazael the king of Syria went vp, and fought agaynst Geth, and tooke it: and directed his face to goe vp to Ierusalem.Tunc ascendit Hazaël rex Syriæ, et pugnabat contra Geth, cepitque eam: et direxit faciem suam ut ascenderet in Jerusalem. 18Wherefore Joas, king of Juda, took all the sanctified things, which Josaphat, and Joram, and Ochozias, his fathers, the kings of Juda, had dedicated to holy uses, and which he himself had offered: and all the silver that could be found in the treasures of the temple of the Lord, and in the king’s palace: and sent it to Hazael, king of Syria, and he went off from Jerusalem.Per la qual cosa Gioas re di Giuda prese tutte le cose sacre offerte da Josaphat, da Joram, e da Ochozia regi di Giuda suoi maggiori, e quelle, che egli avea offerte; e tutto l'argento, che potè trovarsi ne' tesori del tempio del Signore, e nel palazzo reale, e lo mandò ad Hazaele re di Siria, il quale si ritirò da Gerusalemme.For which cause Ioas the king of Iuda tooke al the sanctified thinges, which Iosaphat, and Ioram, and Ochozias his fathers the kinges of Iuda had consecrated, and which him self had offered: and al the siluer, that could be found in the treasures of the temple of our Lord, and in the kinges palace: and sent it to Hazael the king of Syria, and he retyred from Ierusalem.Quam ob rem tulit Joas rex Juda omnia sanctificata quæ consecraverant Josaphat, et Joram, et Ochozias, patres ejus reges Juda, et quæ ipse obtulerat: et universum argentum quod inveniri potuit in thesauris templi Domini et in palatio regis: misitque Hazaëli regi Syriæ, et recessit ab Jerusalem.
19And the rest of the acts of Joas, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Juda?Il resto poi delle azioni di Gioas, e tutto quello, ch'ei fece, non è egli scritto nel giornale de' fatti dei re di Giuda?But the rest of the wordes of Ioas, and al that he did, are not these thinges writen in the Booke of the wordes of the daies of the kinges of Iuda?Reliqua autem sermonum Joas, et universa quæ fecit, nonne hæc scripta sunt in libro verborum dierum regum Juda ? 20And his servants arose, and conspired among themselves, and slew Joas, in the house of Mello, in the descent of Sella.Or i suoi servi si sollevarono, e fecer congiura tra loro, e uccisero Gioas nella casa di Mello nella discesa di Sella.And his seruantes arose, and conspired among them selues, and stroke Ioas in the house of Mello in the descent of Sella.Surrexerunt autem servi ejus, et conjuraverunt inter se, percusseruntque Joas in domo Mello in descensu Sella. 21For Josachar the son of Semaath, and Jozabad the son of Somer his servant, struck him, and he died: and they buried him with his fathers in the city of David; and Amasias, his son, reigned in his stead.E quelli, che lo uccisero, furono Josachar figliuolo di Semaath, e Jozabad figliuolo di Somer, suoi servi; e morto ch'ei fu lo seppellirono co' padri suoi nella città di Davidde, e regnò in luogo di lui Amasia suo figliuolo.For Iosachar the sonne of Semaath, and Iozabad the sonne of Somer his seruantes, stroke him, and he died: and they buried him with his fathers in the citie of Dauid, and Amasias his sonne reigned for him.Josachar namque filius Semaath, et Jozabad filius Somer servi ejus, percusserunt eum, et mortuus est: et sepelierunt eum cum patribus suis in civitate David: regnavitque Amasias filius ejus pro eo.
12:1
Year of the World 3126.
12:2
12:3
Places, to the true God, but contrary to his law. The king was deterred from overturning these altars, through human policy; which did not meet with the divine approbation. (Calmet) See 3 Kings 22:24., and Deuteronomy 12:8.
12:4
Year of the World 3147, Year before Christ 857.
Challoner
Sanctified. That is, dedicated to God's service. (Challoner)
Haydock
Literally, "of the holy" sanctorum. (Haydock)
For the use of the sanctuary.
Haydock
Pass, as strangers, (3 Kings 8:41.) desiring sacrifice to be offered, (Grotius) or who pass in the roll of those who have attained their 20th year, and are obliged to pay half a sicle, Exodus 20:13, 14. This was the first fund which had been turned to a different purpose by the priests, (Calmet) under the wicked kings. (Haydock)
Challoner
Soul. that is, the ordinary oblation, which every soul was to offer by the law, Exodus xxx. (Challoner)
Or, this was a second fund arising from the redemption of vows, Leviticus 27:2.
Lord. Voluntary contributions, like that of the widow, (Luke 21:2.) were also recommended; and Joas sent Levites throughout the land, every year, to collect what they could, for the reparation of the temple, 2 Paralipomenon 24:5.
12:5
Calmet
Order. Hebrew, "acquaintance." Let them receive the contributions on the spot where they reside; or, let those who are on duty in the temple take them. (Calmet)
Haydock
Thing. Hebrew, "breach," badek, a term which the Septuagint retain. (Haydock)
12:6
Haydock
Temple. It is not known when the king gave his orders; but they were executed with negligence, as they seemed to interfere (Calmet) with the emoluments assigned by the law to the Levites, 2 Paralipomenon 24:5. (Haydock)
Tirinus
The latter Jews were obliged to pay half a sicle towards the repairs of the temple. (Tirinus)
12:7
Year of the World 3148.
12:8
Calmet
Forbidden. Hebrew, Septuagint, etc., "And the priests consented to take no," etc. They were also obliged to restore what they had already received. (Calmet)
12:9
Menochius
By the altar, yet without the enclosure, that any person might freely put in what he thought proper, 2 Paralipomenon 24:8. Priests were still appointed to watch, that no fraud was committed: and they counted the money which the law ordained to be paid. Josephus (Jewish Wars 6:5.) speaks of many coffers; one might be near the altar, and another out of the door. (Menochius)
12:10
Calmet
Priest, or his deputy. (Paralipomenon) (Calmet)
Out. Protestants, "put it up in bags," (Haydock) or tied and afterwards weighed it.
12:11
Paralipomenon
And they. The king and the high priest conjointly. (Paralipomenon)
12:13
Menochius
Bowls. Chaldean, "silver chalices." The precise import of the Hebrew term is not well known. (Menochius)
Menochius
Lord. After the repairs were finished, the remaining money, which was very considerable, was however employed for these purposes, 2 Paralipomenon 24:14. (Calmet) (Menochius)
12:15
Haydock
Faithfully, and corresponded with the trust reposed in them. (Haydock)
12:16
Calmet
Sins. These terms seem to be synonymous, though they may be distinguished, Leviticus 4:2., and 5:15. If any one forgot to pay tithes, he was bound to make full reparation to the priests; (Tostat) and the money which was given to them by strangers, to offer sacrifice, was not taken from them. (Calmet)
12:17
Year of the World 3165, Year before Christ 839.
Josephus
Then. After the death of Joiada, the king gave way to the greatest excesses of idolatry, and even murdered the son of his greatest benefactor. Hereupon the justice of God fell heavy upon him; Geth was taken, Jerusalem only saved by giving up all the sacred treasures, etc.: yea, the very next year, Hazael returned, routed the forces of Juda, and wounded the king, who on his return to the palace was murdered by conspirators, (Calmet) to revenge the death of Zacharias, 2 Paralipomenon 24:25. (Josephus, [Antiquities?] 9:8.)
12:18
Calmet
Joram, etc. These are accused of plundering the temple, 2 Paralipomenon 24:7. But they might make some presents, through ostentation. How many rob the poor, while they erect magnificent altars to the God of the poor! (Calmet)
12:20
Haydock
Sella. A flight of steps leading to the temple. (Haydock)
Paralipomenon
The palace was at the bottom of it, and had been built by Solomon. Here Joas was slain in his bed. (Paralipomenon)
12:21
Calmet
Josachar, or Zabad, the son of Semmaath, an Ammonitess, and Jozabad, the son of Semarith, a Moabitess. (Paralipomenon) Both their mothers were of foreign extraction. (Calmet)
People have frequently two names.
Menochius
Somer is the father of Jozabad. (Menochius)
Calmet
David. Achaz was treated in like manner. The fear of this infamy might tend to keep the kings in awe. After death, the kings of Egypt might be accused, and deprived of sepulture, if their crimes deserved it: as many of them were. (Diodorus 1:p. 46.) (Calmet)
Haydock
Thus Joas was covered with eternal infamy, after he had begun so well. Finis coronat opus. (Haydock)
12:4
Sanctified.... That is, dedicated to God’s service.—Ibid. The price of a soul.... That is, the ordinary oblation, which every soul was to offer by the law. Ex. 30.
12:21
The city of David.... He was buried in the same city with his fathers, but not in the sepulchres of the kings. 2 Par. 14.
12:4
That is, the ordinarie ob lation for ech particular person. Exod. 30.
12:9
a chest or almes boxe.
12:18
Dedicated to helie vse.
12:21
He was buried in the citie but not in the sepulcher of the kinges. 2 Paral. 24. for his impietie in the latter part of his life.
12:9
Theodoret of Cyrus † AD 458 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret 3.18
… “Sophist,” said he, “the Creator of all things, whom you in derision call carpenter’s son, is making a coffin.”
12:3
3. Nevertheless the high places he did not remove, — from fear of the people inclined to them, lest he stir up sedition. See what I said above concerning the high places, III Kings iii, 2.
12:4
4. All the money of the holy ones, — that is, of the sanctified, or consecrated; as if to say, all the money offered to God and consecrated, let the priests receive, etc. From those passing by. — In Hebrew, from the one passing by, namely in the numbering and census, that is from everyone who is numbered and pays the census. For only those who had reached or exceeded the twentieth year were bound to this, Exodus xxx, 14. Which is offered for the price of the soul, — that is for his census. For God had commanded that each Hebrew in the census should pay for his head half a shekel, that is two Julii or two regales. This "price" is called "of the soul," that is of life or of a living man, both because the Hebrews who were wholly dedicated to God redeemed their life from him, as it were, by this price; and because by paying this price, they tacitly asked of God and obtained that God would prolong their life for them, and make it long, healthy and prosperous, as I said in Exodus xxx, 12.
12:5
5. And let them repair the breaches of the house. — Of God, namely of the temple, so that they might restore what by the length of time had been consumed by age, corroded and ruined, and what Athaliah had demolished and taken away. For as it is said in II Paralipomenons xxiv, 7: "Athaliah the most impious, and her sons destroyed the house of God, and with all things that had been sanctified in the temple of God they adorned the temple of Baalim."
12:7
7. Why do you not repair the breaches of the temple? — The priests sinned in two ways: first, in that they were negligent in exacting the money for the census owed to the temple from the law of Exodus xxx, 12; second, in that they did not expend it in the breaches of the temple, but in other uses and subsequently in private and personal uses. Wherefore the king Joas rightly remonstrated with them, and took from them this office of collecting and preserving the money for the temple's construction, and commanded them to bring the money into the treasury, verse 9.
12:8
8. And the priests were prohibited, — not unwillingly but willingly and consenting. Whence for "were prohibited" in Hebrew it is יאתו ieatu, that is they consented, they willed, they assented. In Chaldaic, they were content, because, as Josephus says, they knew that many of the people were difficult about paying the census, and no one willingly expended money.
12:13
13. Nevertheless vessels of the temple of the Lord were not made from the same money, and small vessels, and censers, etc., — so long namely as the restoration of the temple lasted: for these, as being more necessary, ought to come first; which being completed, the remainder of the money was expended on vessels and other vessels of the temple, as appears in II Paralipomenons xxiv. Thus Abulensis, Cajetan and others.
12:15
15. And no account was made, etc. (as if to say, no account and reckoning was required from the receivers of the money, because all knew that) they handled it in faith, — namely that they would expend all things in the construction of the temple, and take nothing for their own uses. Thus the Chaldaic, Vatablus and others.
12:16
16. But the money for trespass, and the money for sins, they brought not into the temple of the Lord, because it was the priests'. — Vatablus: the money which remained from the purchase of a victim for trespass or sins was not brought into the house of the Lord, because it belonged to the priests. For those who dwelt far from the temple did not send a victim, but money to one of the priests, who bought the victim, and what remained of the money from the purchase of the victim went to the benefit of the priests. Thus Vatablus. But Abulensis explains it thus, as if here there is a question of trespass and sin committed against a priest, as if someone had taken away what belonged to the priest from the victims; then indeed besides the damage inflicted and the victim for that sin, he also owed to offer to the priest a fifth part moreover in money. Hear the law in Leviticus v, 15: "A soul if transgressing the ceremonies, through error, in those things which are sanctified to the Lord shall sin, shall offer for his trespass a ram without blemish of the flocks, which may be bought for two shekels, according to the weight of the sanctuary: and he shall restore that which he had damaged, and shall add the fifth part over it, delivering it to the priest." The same concerning trespass is ordained in Numbers v, 6. What difference there is between "trespass" and "sin" I said in Leviticus vii, 1.
12:17
17. Then Hazael king of Syria ascended, etc., and directed his face to ascend against Jerusalem. — Because God wished to chastise through Hazael the king Joas, who after the death of Jehoiada was corrupted by the counselors of Athaliah, and turned aside to idols, and therefore killed Zacharias the son of Jehoiada, because he reproved him concerning idolatry. And on account of this sacrilegious murder Joas himself was struck down by his servants, and lacked a royal burial; all which things are narrated at length in II Paralipomenons xxiv. Moreover, to accomplish this chastisement of the idolaters, God had commanded Elias to anoint Hazael as king of Syria, III Kings cap. xix, verse 16.
12:18
18. For this reason King Joash of Judah took all the holy things which Jehoshaphat had consecrated, etc. And all the gold that could be found in the treasuries of the temple of the Lord, and in the palace of the king: and he sent it to Hazael king of Syria, and he withdrew from Jerusalem. — From this example Cajetan says it can be gathered that the money and treasures of Churches may lawfully be expended for redeeming the affliction of the people, such as was here the siege of Jerusalem; yet at the same time with the entire royal treasury. For it would be unjust to begin the ransom from the plundering of Churches: but when the public and royal treasury is not sufficient, the resources of Churches ought to come to aid and supply. Thus Cajetan. Hear St. Ambrose, book II of the Offices, chapter xxviii, recounting three cases in which it is lawful to convert sacred vessels to lay uses: "Indeed if anyone diverts them to his own gain, it is a crime; but if he distributes them to the poor, redeems a captive, it is mercy. For no one can say why a poor man lives? no one can complain because captives have been redeemed; no one can accuse because the temple of God has been built; no one can be indignant because spaces have been enlarged for burying the relics of the faithful; no one can grieve because in the sepulchres of Christians there is rest for the dead. In these three kinds of cases, the vessels of the Church, even if consecrated, may be broken, melted down, and sold." Which words of St. Ambrose have been transcribed into Canon Law, and exist in XII, Question II, chapter aurum, § no one can.
Machine translation from the Latin, not reviewed.
12:1
1 and 2 (3 and 4) Book of Kings
… of Sheba (ibid. 10, 1-29); others of priestly origin, which narrate the construction of the Temple (ibid. 6, 1-7, 50), the revolt against Athaliah, organized by the high priest Jehoiada (II Reg. 11, 1-20), the restorations of the Temple under Joash (ibid. 12, 1-16), the religious reform of Josiah (ibid. 22, 3-23, 27) etc.; others, finally, of prophetic origin, whence the invective of a prophet against Jeroboam and the altar built by him in Bethel …
Joas (Heb. Jō'āf and Jēhō'āf; Greek: 'Iōzōz)
… He took a personal interest in the repair of the Temple, which had been damaged by Athaliah (2 Kings 12:1-17; 2 Chron. 24:1-14). Toward the end of his reign, after Jehoiada's death, he allowed himself to be influenced by the syncretist party; and he had the inspired Zechariah, son or nephew …
12:3
God gives E. the task of anointing Hazael as king of Damascus, Jehu as king of Israel, and Elisha as prophet; they will be the instruments of God for the victory of Yahwism: the first will devastate the kingdom of Samaria (cf. II Kings 8:28 ff.; 10:32 ff.; 12:3), the second will drown in blood the dynasty of Ahab and the worshippers of Baal (cf. II Kings 9-10), the third will cooperate with his oracles. …
12:4
… the unity of the place of worship and prescribes for Israel the absolute centralization of the place of worship for the time when it will be in Palestine (vv. 8-12). Thus the text has been interpreted by later sacred authors: cf. I Kings 15:14; 22:24; II Kings 12:4; 14:4; 15:4-34. Particular prescriptions grant (Deut. 12:13-19), for the time prior to the complete occupation of Palestine, the private slaughter of animals, not having a sacrificial …
12:16
II. DIVORCE IN THE BIBLE. - Fasting is praised and even commanded in the Old Testament (Tob. 12:8; II Kings 12:16; Judg. 8:6; Joel 2:12; Esth. 14:2; II Macc. 12:12).
12:17
Under Jehu of Israel, Hazael attacked the kingdom of Israel on all its frontiers (II Kings 10, 32 ff.), and attacked the kingdom of Judah under Joash, who, to propitiate him, sent him all the treasures accumulated by himself and his ancestors in the Temple and the palace (II Kings 12, 17 ff.). …
… Davidic line (II Kings 11, 4); Joash, who escaped her, abandoned himself to idolatry, while Hazael, king of Syria, invaded the city and did not withdraw until he had received the abundant riches of the treasury of the Temple and of the royal palace (II Kings 12, 17-18).
… III (ibid. 13:3). Hazael was able to cross the territory of Israel freely and push south as far as to attack the kingdom of Judah and threaten its very capital Jerusalem, and he withdrew only after the sending of rich gifts by the king of Judah, Joash (II Kings 12:17 ff.). …
12:18
Geth (Hebrew Gath, Akkadian Gimtu, "Winepress")
The Kingdom of Judah claimed it for itself (1 Sam. 7:14; 1 Chron. 8:13; 2 Chron. 11:8; 26:6). David conquered it (2 Sam. 8:1; 1 Chron. 18:1) and had an elite corps of six hundred Gittite warriors (2 Sam. 15:18). Hazael, king of Syria, occupied G. (2 Kings 12:18), for the Philistines; Uzziah tore down its walls (2 Chron. 16:6; cf. 2 Kings 18:8). G. then depended on Ashdod or Azotus (v.). Am. 6:2 gives it as an example of a fallen city, …
Hazael (Hebrew: Ḥāzā'ēl and Ḥāzā'ēl, «God sees»; Akkadian: Ḥaza'ilu; Septuagint: A'āyā)
… Kings 10:32 ff.; Am. 1:3 ff.); he dominated Israel: he left Jehoahaz a garrison of 10,000 foot soldiers, 50 horsemen and 10 chariots (2 Kings 13:3-22). In the south, he took Gath (798), attacked Jerusalem and withdrew for the huge sum paid by Joash (2 Kings 12:18 ff.).
Joas (Heb. Jō'āf and Jēhō'āf; Greek: 'Iōzōz)
… Shortly afterward he was killed in his bed by two courtiers who avenged the blood of Zechariah (2 Kings 12:18-22; 2 Chron. 24:23-26).
Douay-Rheims (Challoner) · Vulgata Clementina · original Douay-Rheims (Douay 1609-10), transcription by EEBO-TCP (CC0) · La Sacra Bibbia, tradotta dalla Volgata da Antonio Martini (1769-1781) (LaParola (laparola.net), Martini OSIS text, Public domain (LaParola's electronic edition marks it 'Dominio pubblico')). Public domain.